北师大版（2019）选修四课件 Unit 10 Connections lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?(共14张PPT)

(共14张PPT)
Text Builder
— How Closely Connected Are We
Pre-reading
1. How many contacts (a person that you know) do you have on social media
2. How many people do you regularly communicate with
500 + contacts
10 people
Theory: Six Degrees of Separation
Pre-reading
We are closer to the rest of the world
than we think !
While-reading
1. What does “Six Degrees of Separation” theory mean
2. When was the concept first talked about
3. Who introduced the theory
Read the first two paragraphs:
You !
A Stranger!
1
2
3
5
4
In the 1920s, Frigyes Karinthy invented the thoery, which means any person on Earth can be connected to any other person thorough a chain of no more than five other people.
Para 1-2:
While-reading
Do you believe Six Degrees of Separation

experiments !
How-
He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to _________________to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
Who-
Stanley Milgram
In 1967
Findings/Results-
It only took between ______________people to get the parcels delivered.
send packages
five and seven
Text builder—How Closely Connected Are We
Examples to prove the theory
Line21: “small-world problem”
How-
They _________ a game, the idea of which was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon through _______________six links.
Who-
Two college students in the United States
In the mid-1990s
Findings/Results-
The game __________________ in universities across the United States.
invented
no more than
was being played
Text builder—How Closely Connected Are We
Examples to prove the theory
How-
Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. It involved 24, 163 email chains with __________________ in 13 different countries.
Who-
Columbia University
In 2003
Findings/Results-
It ____________ that the average number of links in the chain was ____.
18 target people
confirmed
Text builder—How Closely Connected Are We
Examples to prove the theory
six
Line 51: “ Columbia Small-world Project”
How-
The experiment analysed the relationship between 721 million ______________ users.
Who-
the University of Milan
In 2011
Findings/Results-
92% were __________ by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.
social media
connected
Text builder—How Closely Connected Are We
Examples to prove the theory
six four /five degrees of separation.
In the mid-1990s
How Closely Connected Are We
In 1967
Text builder—How Closely Connected Are We
In 2011
In 2003
Examples to prove the theory
Introduction
Conclusion
The theory “Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about in the 1920s.
People are closely connected.
A person can be connected to anyone through no more than five other people according to the theory.
1.Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small-world”
2.Why do you think people study how people are connected
Post-reading
Discuss and decide what experiment you can carry out to find out how many degrees of separation there are between people who don’t know each other. Consider:
how many people will participate in the experiment
what will the participants do
how will you find out the results of the experiment
Post-reading
Goodbye!