(共15张PPT)
专题八 动词
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点1 动词词义辨析
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 动词词义辨析是必考点。主要在单项选择和完形填空中考查, 考查方向包括实义动词辨析、近义动词辨析、感官动词辨析以及系动词辨析。
考向一 实义动词辨析
实义动词含有实在的意义, 表示动作或状态, 可在句中独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语, 可细分为：及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词
（vi.）。
1.及物动词 本身意义不完整, 后面需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整, 如：tell, take, ask, make等。如：
They asked me to go fishing with them.
他们让我和他们一起去钓鱼。
2.不及物动词 后面不能直接跟宾语, 如swim, sleep, sit, smile, come等；如果后面接宾语, 必须与介词连用。如：
The teacher came.老师来了。
有些动词既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词。如：
We study English.(及物)我们学英语。
I’m studying hard for the upcoming exam.(不及物)我正在为即将到来的考试努力学习。
注
意
考向二 近义动词辨析
下面列举甘肃中考常见的易混近义动词及短语：
两个“找” look for 强调寻找的过程。
find 强调找的结果。
两个“听” listenlisten 为不及物动词, 与to构成固定搭配, 强调听的动作。
hear 强调听的结果。
三个“借” borrow 非延续性动词, 表示“借入”, 常用搭配borrow sth.from sb.。
lend 非延续性动词, 表示“借出”, 常用搭配lend sth.to sb.。
三个“借” keep 延续性动词, 表示“长时间地借”。
三个 “到达” get get to+地点名词。
reach 及物动词, 后面可直接跟地点名词。
arrive in+大地点（名词）；at+小地点（名词）。
四个有关“输、赢” lose 意为“输”, 常用搭配为lose to sb.。
fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事”。
beat 意为“打败”, 后接sb.或某支队伍。
win 意为“赢得”, 如：赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。
四个“花费” （2020天水39题） spend 人作主语, 表示花费时间或金钱, 后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.。
cost 物作主语, 表示“某物花费多少钱”。
take 可用于固定句型, 表示“花费一段时间做某事”, 其结构为：It+takes/took+一段时间+to do sth.。
pay 常与介词for连用, 表示“支付”。
四个“看” see “看见”, 表示结果。
look “看”, 表示动作, 是不及物动词, 后面需加介词at才能跟宾语。
watch “观看（比赛、电视）”。
read “看（书、报）”, 表示阅读。
四个“变化” turn 一般用于颜色的变化。
get 天变黑、变长或变短。
become 天气变暖或变冷等, 表示渐变。
grow 形状变大或变小。
考向三 感官动词辨析（2020兰州34题）
考向四 系动词的用法辨析
系动词本身没有实际意义, 不能
单独作谓语, 必须和表语一起构
成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质、
特征或身份。
1.一般情况下, 系动词没有被动语态。
2.表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时（feel除外）；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”可用于进行时。如：It’s getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。
注
意
甘肃五年真题
1. (2020兰州34题)—Mom, what are you cooking in the kitchen It ___
delicious.
—I’m preparing a hot pot dinner.
A.tastes B.smells C.sounds D.feels
2. （2018省卷Ⅱ.16题)—I can’t find my English textbook.
—Is it possible that you ___ it at home
A.lost B.saw
C.left D.gave
B
C
3. (2018天水40题)—Always ___ yourself with others, and you may have tons of pressure.
—I feel the same way. One should believe in himself.
A.connect B.complain C.compare D.consider
满分突破
4. —How much does the phone ___
—Not too much. It’s just a second?hand one.
A.cost B.spend C.take D.pay for
C
A
5.There was something wrong with the line.We couldn’t ___ each other clearly.
A.listen B.sound C.hear D.find
6.—David, can you ___ this word in Chinese
—Yes, I can a little Chinese.
A.talk；say B.say；say C.say；speak D.speak；speak
7.Cover the table with a cloth, or it will ___ dirty soon.
A.keep B.get C.appear D.stay
C
C
B
8.I don’t like drinking coffee with much sugar because it ___ too sweet.
A.tastes B.smells C.looks D.sounds
9.When you ___ a present, it is polite to use both hands to show your respect.
A.refuse B.receive
C.order D.send
10.A smile ___ nothing, but gives much.
A.costs B.spends C.pays D.takes
A
B
A(共13张PPT)
专题八 动词
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点2 动词短语
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 动词短语是必考点。在单项选择、完形填空、任务型完形填空和完成句子中考查。考查角度包括：①不同动词+同一介词/副词；②同一动词+不同介词/副词；③不同动词+不同介词。
考向一 不同动词+同一介词/副词
up短语 cut up 切碎 fill up 填满 give up 放弃
grow up 长大 look up 查阅 pick up 捡起
put up 搭建;张贴 set up 建立 stay up 熬夜
take up 占据；开始从事 turn up 出现；调大
wake up醒来
on短语 get on 上车 go on 继续 have on 穿着 hold on 稍等
keep on继续 pass on 传递 put on 穿上；上演 work on 从事
about 短语 care about 关心 know about知道 learn about 获得, 学得
talk about谈论 think about 考虑 worry about担心
for短语 ask for 请求 look for 搜寻 wait for 等待
search for 寻找 care for 照料；喜欢
down 短语 break down 损坏 cut down 砍倒 get down 下来
go down 下降, 下沉 look down 俯视 sit down坐下
take down 取下 turn down调小;拒绝 write down写下, 记下
out短语 find out 找出, 发现 get out 出来 go out 外出
hand out 分发 look out 小心 put out 扑灭
run out 用完 take out拿出 work out计算出
off短语 break off 突然停止 burn off 烧掉 get off 下车
put off 推迟 show off 炫耀 take off 脱掉;起飞
after短语 look after 照顾 run after 追赶 take after长得像
take短语 take away 带走；拿走 take down 写下；记下
take out 取出 take place 发生
take care of 照顾 take part in参加
turn短语 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn up 出现；调高
turn down 调低；拒绝 turn in 上交 turn out 结果是
考向二 同一动词+不同介词/副词
give 短语 give up 放弃 give in 屈服；让步 give away 捐赠
give out 散发；分发 give off 发出(光、热等)
get 短语 get to 到达 get up 起床;起来 get over 克服 get on 进展
get off 离开 get together 相聚 get ready for…为……做准备
keep 短语 keep out 留在外面 keep off 使……不接近；回避某话题
keep up with 并驾齐驱；跟上
keep away from 远离 keep in touch 保持联系
put 短语 put up 搭建;张贴 put on 穿上；上演 put off 推迟
put out 熄灭 put away把……收起来
put down 放下 put up with 容忍
look 短语 look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾
look up 查阅 look through 浏览 look around 环顾
come 短语 come on 加油;快点 come out 出现；出版
come over 短暂造访
go短语 go on 继续 go back 回到 go away 走开；离开
go by (时间)流逝 go over 仔细检查 go off 爆炸
甘肃五年真题
11.（2022武威Ⅱ.6题） Let’s ___ the chicken and make some soup.
A.look at B.cut up
C.put off D.knock against
B
12.（2019省卷28题）Don’t forget to ___ the lights when they are not in use!
A.turn over B.turn off
C.turn up D.turn on
13.（2019兰州30题）—Can I help you, Sir
—Yes, please.I am ___ a blue T-shirt.
A.looking up B.looking for
C.looking after D.looking through
B
B
满分突破
14.In the face of difficulty, never ___ and believe you will be successful sooner or later.
A.set up B.give up C.put up D.look up
15.—The twin sisters are coming.Can you see the differences between them
—Sorry, I can’t.But I heard they ___ their mother.
A.take up B.take after
C.take away D.take place
B
B
16.I’m not sure whether he will come here because it ___ his feeling.
A.cares for B.depends on
C.lives on D.agrees with
17.Mary, a clever girl, has ___ a new method to solve the hard math problem.
A.gone on with B.caught up with
C.come up with D.kept up with
B
C
18.杰克是一个粗心的男孩, 他妈妈总是告诉他要在行动之前考虑一下情况。
Jack is a careless boy and his mother always tells him to ______ ______ the
situation before taking action.
19.在所有学生们坐到自己的座位之后, 老师开始分发试卷。
After all the students had taken their seats, the teacher began to _____ ____
the examination papers.
20.她拿起电话, 开始拨打玛丽的号码。
She ______ ___ the phone, and began to dial Mary’s number.
think
about
hand
out
picked
up(共12张PPT)
专题八 动词
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点3 动词填空
【考情概括】分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 动词填空是任务型完形填空和词汇考查的必考点。考查角度包括：①填原形；②填单三形式；③填过去式；④填现在分词；⑤填不定式；⑥填过去分词；⑦动词变形容词；⑧动词变名词。
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 没有任何形式变化的动词 be, do, have, come
◆动词的基本形式变化表
形式 构成 例词
第三人 称单数 一般在动词原形后直接加-s work→works
read→reads
以s, o, x, z, sh, ch结尾的动词, 后加-es go→goes
wash→washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 应将y改为i, 再加-es fly→flies
study→studies
形式 构成 例词
过去式 与过去 分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed work→worked stay→stayed
在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d close→closed like→liked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 应将y改为i, 再加-ed study→studied
carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写此辅音字母, 再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned
形式 构成 例词
现在分 词/动 名词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing sleep→sleeping wait→waiting
以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词, 去e再加-ing smile→smiling
move→moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写此辅音字母再加-ing sit→sitting
dig→digging
plan→planning
少数以-ie结尾的动词, 变ie为y, 再加-ing die→dying lie→lying
◆动词变为形容词的变化规则
1.动词+ -ly/-y
love→lovelyrain→rainysnow→snowy
2.动词+ -able
accept→acceptableenjoy→enjoyable
change→changeable
3.动词+ -ive act→activecreate→creative
4.动词+ -ed/-ing excite→excited/exciting
◆动词变为名词的变化规则
1.v. -er(-or/-r)
play→playerfarm→farmer act→actordance→dancer
design→designer direct→director drive→driver
invent→inventor lead→leader listen→listener
love→lover manage→manager own→owner
read→reader report→reporter clean→cleaner
sing→singer sleep→sleeper teach→teacher
travel→traveler visit→visitor wait→waiter
work→worker write→writer
2.v.+ -ment
achieve→achievement agree→agreement develop→development
improve→improvement move→movement punish→punishment
require→requirement treat→treatment
3.v.+ -ion/-tion/-sion或去e+ -ion/-tion/-sion
celebrate→celebration collect→collection discuss→discussion
direct→direction educate→education express→expression
imagine→imagination introduce→introduction invent→invention
invite→invitation pollute→pollution suggest→suggestion
communicate→communication
4.v.+ -ing
begin→beginning feel→feeling meet→meeting swim→swimming
5.其他
choose→choice die→death ail→failure weigh→weight
21.I prefer historical dramas because they are a ________（relax) way for me to learn history.
22.—Is Jim at home by himself？
—No， there is one of his friends ________（chat） with him in the living room．
23._______（praise） your son as often as possible， and he will become more and more confident．
relaxing
chatting
Praise
24.What a pity it was!The sports meeting which we looked forward to was ________________（cancel） the other day．
25.Sorry，I’m late.Iwas _______（talk） with a friend and I completely forgot the time．
26.Our parents will do whatever they canto ________（protect） us．
27.I usually set out early in the morning in order to ______ (avoid)the rush hour.
canceled/cancelled
talking
protect
avoid
28.I _________ (borrow) Robinson Crusoe from the library, but I could only keep it for two weeks.
29.The schoolbag was ______ (give)by my aunt for my twelfth birthday present.
30.With the ____________ (develop)of science and technology, the people’s life is becoming better and better.
borrowed
given
development
