2023年甘肃省人教新目标(Go for it)版中考英语二轮专题复习:专题十三 简单句(6份打包)

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名称 2023年甘肃省人教新目标(Go for it)版中考英语二轮专题复习:专题十三 简单句(6份打包)
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更新时间 2023-03-21 20:41:36

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(共10张PPT)
专题十三 简单句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点1 简单句的五种基本句型
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 自2017年在省卷中开始进行对简单句基本句型的考查, 以单项选择为考查形式。
英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb), 宾语(object), 表语(predicative), 状语(adverbial), 宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成, 按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型 用法 示例
S(主)+ Vi.(谓) 谓语动词为不及物动词, 能表达完整的意思。不及物动词后可接状语进行修饰。 ①The sun(S) was shining(Vi.)
②They(S) talked(Vi.) for half an hour(介词短语作状语).
③The pen(S) writes(Vi.) smoothly(副词作状语).
句型 用法 示例
S(主)+V.(系) +P(表) 谓语动词为连系动词, 不能表达完整的意思。 ①This kind of food(S) tastes(V) delicious(P)(表特征).②It(S) is getting(V) warmer and warmer(P)(表变化).
S(主)+ Vt.(谓)+ O(宾) 谓语动词为及物动词, 必须跟动作的承受者(宾语), 意义才能完整。 ①He(S) took(Vt.) his bag(O) and left(Vi.).
②She(S) plans(Vt.) to swim(O) on Monday.③Tom(S) enjoys(Vt.) playing football.(O)
句型 用法 示例
S(主)+Vt. (谓)+IO(间接宾语)+ DO(直接宾语) 谓语动词须跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思。两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者, 一个是动作的间接承受者。 ①My father(S) bought(Vt.) me(IO) a pen(DO).②The cinema(S) will show(Vt.) us(IO) a new movie(DO).
③Lucy(S) brought(Vt.) me(IO) some English tapes(DO).
常见跟双宾语的动词。 buy, pass, lend, give, teach, show, bring, send…
句型 用法 示例
S(主)+Vt. (谓)+O(宾) +C(宾补) 说明宾语的特点、身份等。 ①You(S) should keep(Vt.) the room(O) clean(C).②The war(S) made(Vt.) him(O) a hero(C).
让宾语去完成动作。 ①Dad(S) watched(Vt.) Tom(O) playing basketball(C).②Lucy(S) told(Vt.) him(O) not to play in the street(C).
甘肃五年真题
1.(2021省卷Ⅱ.20题)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “Susan walks to school every day.” ___
A.“Susan” B.“walks to” C.“school” D.“every day”
2. (2020省卷Ⅱ.20题)The sentence pattern of “I enjoy living in Gansu.” is ___.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
B
A
3.(2019省卷40题)What is the sentence pattern of “I love English.” ___
A.S+V B.S+V+O
C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
4.(2018省卷45题)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “Tom rides his bike to school every day.” ___
A.“Tom” B.“rides”
C.“his bike” D.“every day”
B
B
满分突破
5.What is the sentence pattern(句型) of the sentence “Sally enjoys swimming in summer.” ___
A.S+V B.S+V+O
C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC
6.The structure of the sentence “They are swimming happily in the river.” is ___.
A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+DO
B
B
7.The sentence structure of “We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.” is ___.
A.S+V
B.S+V+O
C.S+V+IO+DO
D.S+V+O+C
D(共14张PPT)
专题十三 简单句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点2 疑问句
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 疑问句在单项选择、句型转换中考查, 考查角度包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问词辨析、how词组辨析、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
◆特殊疑问句(5年11考)
词组 意义 用法 答语
how long 多长 提问物体的长度 物体长度
多久 提问一段时间 for+一段时间/since+短语或从句
how soon 多久 以后 提问某个动作要多长时间发生或结束 in+一段时间
how many 多少 提问可数名词的数量 数词(+名词)
词组 意义 用法 答语
how much 多少 提问不可数名词的数量 数词(+名词)
提问价格 价钱
how far 多远 提问距离 数词(+量词)
how often 多久 一次对表示“频度”的副词或短语进行提问 once a week等频度副词或every day等状语
【图解助记】
◆选择疑问句 (2018省卷12题)
概念 形式
对问题给出两个或两个以上答案, 供对方选择其一的疑问句 一般疑问句+or+选择项?
特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?
选择疑问句不用yes或no回答, 可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式回答, 也可用不定代词all, either, neither或none回答, 只要根据实际情况回答便可。
◆反意疑问句
1.反意疑问句的结构(5年2考)
概念 形式
附加在陈述句后的简单问句, 又称附加疑问句 肯定陈述句+否定附加问句
否定陈述句+肯定附加问句
Let’s祈使句, shall we
肯定(否定)祈使句, will (won’t) you
概念 形式
附加在陈述句后的简单问句, 又称附加疑问句 I (don’t) think/believe/guess/expect…等引导的宾语从句, 后面的附加问句部分应与宾语从句相对应。
2.反意疑问句的原则及答语
所谓“三同一反”原则, “三同”即:人称相同、动词相同、时态相同;“一反”指前肯后否或前否后肯。
对于反意疑问句的回答, 无论陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句, 若事实
甘肃五年真题
8.(2020天水46题) Let’s meet at the school gate, ___
A.shall we B.shall you C.will we D.will you
是肯定的, 答语就要用Yes;事实是否定的, 答语就要用No。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中, Yes意为“不”, No意为“是的”。如:
—He didn’t go to the meeting, did he 他没有参加这次会议, 是吗?
—Yes, he did. 不, 他参加了。
A
9. (2020省卷Ⅱ. 18题)— ___ have you kept this book
—For two months.
A.How soon B.How old
C.How long D.How often
10.(2019兰州33题)— ___ is it from Lanzhou to Lasa
—It’s about 2,160 kilometers.
A.How often B.How far
C.How long D.How many
C
B
11.(2019省卷31题)— ___
—At least three times.
A.How much do you pay for Treasure Island
B.How often have you read Treasure Island
C.How long does it take you to finish reading Treasure Island
D.How many times have you read Treasure Island
12.(2018省卷12题)___ pencil is this, Tom’s or Henry’s
A.What B.When C.Who D.Whose
D
D
13.(2018兰州40题)— ___ times have you visited Gansu Science Museum —Only once.
A.How often B.How many C.How long D.How soon
满分突破
14.—Dad, ___ will my mother come back home
—In about three days.
A.how often B.how long
C.how far D.how soon
B
D
15.It’s very dry at this time of year.You have to water your flowers every day, ___
A.don’t you B.haven’t you
C.will you D.has you
16.—You never go to the movies, ___
—No, I don’t.I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
A.do you B.don’t you
C.will you D.won’t you
A
A
17.—Is your sister doing her homework now, Becky
—No, she ___ .She is listening to music in her room.
A.wasn’t B.isn’t C.didn’t D.doesn’t
18.— ___ bus should I take to the museum
—The No.3 bus.The bus stop is over there.
A.How B.Where C.Whose D.Which
19.—Mary, would you like to join the art club or the chess club
—___ .I like drawing pictures.
A.Yes, I do B.The art club C.The chess club D.No, I don’t
B
D
B(共9张PPT)
专题十三 简单句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点3 感叹句
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 感叹句在单项选择和句型转换中考查, 主要考查以what和how引导的感叹句的用法。
◆ 感叹句的结构和用法
考生在解答此类试题时, 首先要观察语境:
1.空格后是“形容词/副词+其他”的形式或者“形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+其他”的形式, 则填How;
2.空格后是“形容词+名词+其他”的形式时, 则考虑填与What相关的形式;若名词为可数名词单数, 则填What a/an;若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词复数, 则填What。
引导词 结构 例句
What(2次) What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a good time we had at the party last night!昨天晚上我们在聚会上玩得多开心啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! —Listen! Someone is playing the piano.
听!有人在弹钢琴。 —Wow! What beautiful music!哇!多美妙的音乐啊! What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊!
引导词 结构 例句
How(5次) How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How exciting the news is!多么令人振奋的消息啊!
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+其他)! How beautiful a dress!多么漂亮的一条裙子啊!
How+主语+谓语!How time flies!时间过得真快呀!
如何判定 口诀:
当感叹句的中心词为名词时,多用What/What a(an)引导;当中心词为形容词或副词时, 多用How来引导。 感叹句, 表情感, how与what放句前。名词词组跟what, how与形副紧相连。为使句子更简洁, 主谓部分可省略。
甘肃五年真题
20.(2021省卷Ⅱ.6题)—They’ve bought the sick children some toys and flowers. —So they have. ___ nice of them!
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
21.(2019省卷38题)___ useful the information you’ve provided is!
A.What aB.WhatC.What anD.How
22.(2018省卷22题)—All of my classmates have passed the PE test.
— ___ exciting the news is!
A.How B.What C.What an D.How an
A
D
A
满分突破
23.— ___ kind boy he is!
—Yes, he always helps people who are in trouble.
A.What B.What a C.How a D.How
24. ___ important it is for kids to develop good living habits when they were young!
A.What B.What a
C.What an D.How
B
D
25.— ___ useful advice you have just given me!
—I’m quite glad that it can help you.
A.What a
B.How a
C.What
D.How
C(共6张PPT)
专题十三 简单句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点4 祈使句
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 祈使句在词汇考查和句型转换中考查, 且均考查肯定形式的祈使句。
祈使句句式 肯定形式 否定形式
Do型:(please)动词原形+其他 (Please)Sit down! (请)坐下! Don’t stand up!
不要站着!
祈使句句式 肯定形式 否定形式
Be型:be+表语 Be quiet!请安静! Don’t be late for class!不要上课迟到!
Let型:let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let’s have another try.让我们再试一次吧。 Let the boy not draw here./Don’t let the boy draw here.不要让那个男孩在这里画画。
No型:no+名词/动名词 / No parking!禁止停车!
No litter!禁止扔垃圾!
1.祈使句的回答用一般将来时。如:
—Please remember to bring my notebook to school.请记得把我的笔记本带到学校来。
—OK, I will.好的, 我会的。
2.“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”结构。如:
Work harder, and you’ll get good grades.再努力一些, 你将会取得好成绩。
甘肃五年真题
26.(2022武威Ⅶ.9题)
______ (make) sure you lock the door when you go out.
27.(2021兰州A43题)
Let’s ______(cheer)up the sick kids in hospital together.
28.(2021兰州B46题)
Let’s ____ (go) to the old people’s home to do some cleaning tomorrow.
29.(2018省卷Ⅸ.2题)Could you please be there at 5:00 (改为祈使句)
________ at 5:00, please!
Make
cheer
go
Be there
满分突破
30. ___ quiet please.All the students are reading books.
A.Be B.Being C.Is D.Are
31. ___ eat too much junk food.It’s bad for your health.
A.Do B.Not C.Don’t D.Doesn’t
32. ______ (drive)carefully, please. There is a school 500 meters ahead.
33.Look! A woman with three children is crossing the street. Let’s ____ (help)her.
A
C
Drive
help(共7张PPT)
专题十三 简单句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点5 倒装句
◆ so引导的倒装句(2019天水41题)
(1)完全倒装的结构为:So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语。该倒装结构的意思是“某某也一样”。语境中是不同的两个人或物, 但发生同样的行为或状况, 该结构表示肯定的倒装。如:
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 倒装句主要在单项选择中考查so, neither/nor引导的倒装句, 以及only位于句首时引导的部分倒装。
Li Hua passed this English exam. So did I. 李华通过了这次英语考试。我也通过了。
(2)So+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词, 意为“确实/的确是……”。语境中是相同的人或物, 该结构表示对前面所说的事实加以肯定。如:
—Lucy dances very well. 露西舞跳得非常好。
—So she does. 她的确如此。
◆neither/nor引导的倒装句
neither/nor引导的倒装句结构为:neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+
主语。该句式的意思是“某某也不……”。语境中是不同的两个人或物, 他们的行为或状况一样,该结构是表示否定的倒装。如:
He wasn’t late for school. Neither/Nor was I. 他上学没有迟到, 我也没有。
◆ 副词引导的倒装句(2018兰州35题)
“only, here, there, out, in, down, up, away, now, then”等副词开头构成的倒装句有两种形式:
①副词+动词+名词(完全倒装)
②副词+代词+动词(部分倒装)
甘肃五年真题
34.(2019天水41题)—Peter has made great progress in English recently.
— ___ . He has been studying so hard these days.
A.So have he B.So he has
C.So he have D.So has he
35.(2018兰州35题)Only yesterday ___ find out that his purse was lost.
A.he was B.was he
C.did he D.he did
B
C
满分突破
36.—I don’t play computer games on weekdays.
— ___ .I think it’s a good habit.
A.Me neither B.Me, too C.I do, too D.So am I
37.—I hope the summer vacation will come soon.
— ___ .It’s really relaxing.
A.So I did B.So I do
C.So did I D.So do I
A
D
38.If she goes to the park tomorrow morning, ___ .
A.so will he
B.so he will
C.so he does
D.so does he
A(共17张PPT)
专题十三 简单句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点6 There be句型和主谓一致
【考情概括】
甘肃近5年中考主要在单项选择和任务型完形填空中考查There be句型和主谓一致。此语法项目是中考复习中的难点, 因此复习中必须要掌握。
◆ There be句型(5年5考)
(1)There be句型的结构
肯定句 There is/are+主语+状语.
否定句 There is/are not+主语+状语.
一般疑问句 Is/Are there+主语+状语
(2)There be句型的就近原则
在there be句型中, be动词的形式要与其后的主语保持一致, 如果有多个并列主语时, 与最接近be动词的主语一致。当主语是单数或不可数名词时be动词用is, 主语是复数名词时用are。如:
There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯中有一些水。
There are two chairs and a computer in the room.
房间里有两把椅子和一台电脑。
【图解助记】
(3)There be句型的时态
There be句型有不同的时态, 而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如:
There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两幢楼后面有几所房子。
There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。
There will be(=There is going to be) a new film on Monday.星期一将有一部新电影上映。
There have been a lot of accidents here since last year.从去年开始, 这里已经发生了多起事故。
◆ 主谓一致(5年5考)
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致关系。主谓一致应遵循语法一致、意义一致和就近一致的原则。
(1)语法一致(5年2考)
主语 谓语 例句
单数名词或代词 单数 The young man is from Paris.这位年轻人来自巴黎。
复数名词或代词 复数 The children were in the classroom two hours ago.孩子们两小时前在教室里。
both…and… 复数 Both Jenny and Kate are my friends.珍妮和凯特都是我的朋友。
主语 谓语 例句
either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词 单数 Each student has a new book.每个学生都有一本新书。
复合不定代词 单数 Nobody knows his name.没有人知道他的名字。
主语 谓语 例句
主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, including等结构 取决于主语的数 Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.除了吉姆和蒂姆外, 每个人都有一本新书。
由“分数、百分数+of+名词”构成的短语 取决于名词的数 60% of the students in our class are girls.我们班百分之六十的学生是女孩。
主语 谓语 例句
由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of+名词”构成的短语 取决于名词的数 A lot of people are in the classroom.许多人在教室里。
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 What he said is very important for us all.他说的话对我们所有人都很重要。
主语 谓语 例句
a number of+可数名词复数 复数 A number of books are given to the poor students.许多书被捐给那些贫穷的学生。
the number of+可数名词复数 单数 The number of the apples is 12.苹果的数量是12。
定语从句关系代词that, who, which 与先行词的数保持一致 He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我努力学习的朋友中的一个。
(2)意义一致
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词(如:family/class/team/group/public等) 取决于 主语意义 His family is going to move to Beijing.他家将搬到北京去。(作为整体时, 用单数)
The whole family are watching TV.全家人正在看电视。(侧重成员时, 用复数)
主语 谓语 例句
集合名词(如:people/police等) 复数 The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察们正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
the+姓氏名词的复数, 表示“……一家”或“……夫妇” 复数 The Blacks enjoy working in China.布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。
the+某些形容词, 表示一类人 复数 The young are energetic.年轻人有活力。
主语 谓语 例句
and连接并列主语, 表示同一个人或物时(即:and后无冠词) 单数 A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in my school.一位著名的作家兼老师将在我的学校进行一次演讲。
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语 单数 Two pounds isn’t so heavy.两磅不怎么重。 Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个很长的假期。
(3)就近一致(5年3考)
主语成分和谓语 例句
由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词和距离较近的主语在数上保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不仅仅是我父母, 我也盼望看到我叔叔。
There be…和Here be…两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致 There is a table and two chairs in Tom’s room.在汤姆的房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子
甘肃五年真题
39.(2020天水43题)Not only Jim but also his sister ___ a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A.have visited B.has visited C.visited D.visits
40.(2019兰州34题) Peter with his classmates ___ for the bus when the earthquake happened.
A.is waiting B.was waiting C.are waiting D.were waiting
B
B
41.(2018兰州34题)Neither Tom nor I ___ interested in playing WeChat.
A.am B.is
C.are D.be
满分突破
42.As a member of the earth, you and he, as well as I ___ helpful to make changes for the rising temperature.
A.am B.is
C.are D.was
A
C
43.About three fourths of the earth ___ covered with water, but we have less fresh water.
A.are B.is C.was D.were
44.Not only Lily but also Lucy ___ popular songs, so they often share the music.
A.like B.liked C.likes D.are like
45.There ___ forty-two students in our class last term.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
B
C
D