(共20张PPT)
专题十四 复合句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点1 宾语从句
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 宾语从句在单项选择、完形填空和句型转换中考查。考查角度有：①引导词辨析；②语序；③引导词+语序；④时态+语序；⑤疑问词+不定式；⑥引导词+语序+时态；⑦语序+语境。
◆ 宾语从句三要素
构成规则及用法 例句
引导词 that 在从句中无意义, 不充当句子成分, 在口语中常可省略。 He said (that)
he would go to the seaside.他说他要去海边。
构成规则及用法 例句
引导词 连接代词（what/ which/ who/ whose/whom等） 在从句中作一定的成分, 如：作主语、宾语、定语等。 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。
连接副词（when/ where/why/how等） 在从句中作状语。 Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你是怎样去学校的。
构成规则及用法 例句
引导词 if/whether 表示“是否”, 不作句子成分, 不能省略。 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
语序 宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述句语序, 即主语+谓语+其他 Do you know where Tom lives 你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？
时态 主句：现在的某种时态 从句：根据实际情况使用相应时态 I hear Joe is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我听说乔明天去北京。
构成规则及用法 例句
时态 主句：过去的某种时态 从句：使用过去的某种时态 Kate said she was watching TV at this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天这个时候正在看电视。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时。 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时, 引导词用if或whether, 如果从句有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时, 引导词只能用whether。如：
I don’t know whether she is in or not.
我不知道她是否在里面。
They are talking about whether they will rise.
他们在讨论他们是否将高升。
注
意
◆ 疑问词+不定式
结构 用法 例句
疑问词+不定式 “疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词, 包括疑问代词what, which 和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成不定式短语, 可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。 I really don’t know what to write about.
我真的不知道写什么。
I asked him how to learn English well.
我问他怎样学好英语。
“疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：
Can you tell me where to get the scarf
=Can you tell me where I can get the scarf
你能告诉我在哪里能买到这种围巾吗？
拓
展
甘肃五年真题
1.（2022武威Ⅱ. 13题）I wonder ___ .
A.that April is the hottest month in Thailand
B.do you know where I can buy some medicine
C.whether June is a good time to visit Gansu
D.how can I improve my pronunciation
C
2. (2020省卷II. 14题)—Do you know ___
—Sorry, I’ve never had an e?book before. Why not read the instructions first
A.how can I turn the e-book on
B.how I can turn the e-book on
C.where can I buy an e-book
D.where I can buy an e-book
B
3. (2020兰州39题)—Can you tell me ___ this term
—On September 21st.
A.when will the school trip be
B.when the school trip will be
C.where will the school trip be
D.where the school trip will be
B
4. (2020天水44题)Always tell your parents ___ you are going and you expect to be home.
A.what, where B.when, where C.where, what D.where, when
5.（2019兰州40题）—Tom, do you know ___ —In Beijing.
A.where will the 24th Winter Olympics be held
B.where the 24th Winter Olympics will hold
C.where the 24th Winter Olympics will be held
D.where will the 24th Winter Olympics hold
D
C
6.（2019省卷25题）I wonder ___ Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday.
A.that B.if C.what D.which
7.（2018省卷15题）What lovely flowers! Could you please tell me ___
A.why did you get them
B.where you got them
C.when will you get them
D.how will you get them
B
B
满分突破
8.—Lily, could you please tell me ___
—Of course. It will be on this Friday afternoon.
A.where the book sale will be
B.where will the book sale be
C.when the book sale will be
D.when will the book sale be
C
9.—Excuse me, could you tell me ___ to get to the nearest supermarket
—Go along this street and you will see one on your left.
A.why B.where
C.how D.when
10. —What did your teacher do just now
—She shared us a video about ___ before exam.
A.what should we do B. what we should do
C.why should we do D. why we should do
C
B
11.—Mom! Could you tell me ___
—I think you should have a try. It will be a great experience for you.
A.if I should take part in the competition
B.if should take part in the competition
C.which competition should I take part in
D.which competition I should take part in
A
12.—Could you please tell me ___
—Yes, she came to teach here just last week.
A.that she is a new teacher
B.when did she come here
C.what is wrong with her
D.whether she is a new teacher
D
13.Could you tell me ___ a concert in Lanzhou next week
A.whether is there going to be
B.whether there is going to have
C.if there is going to be
D.if there was going to be
14.I was told to meet Mr.Green at the airport.But I don’t know ___ he will arrive.
A.where B.why C.how D.when
C
D
15.—May I come in I’m sorry I’m late.
—Come in, please.But could you tell me ___
A.how do you come to school
B.what were you doing then
C.who you talked with
D.why you are late
D(共14张PPT)
专题十四 复合句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点2 定语从句
【考情概括】
分析近5年甘肃中考真题可知, 对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能、结构和关系词的用法上, 重点考查由that, which, who引导的定语从句。
◆ 根据定义定考点
在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词（when,
where, why）连接起来。定语从句前面被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。如:Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.
主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program
从句：which is popular among the young people
先行词：TV program 关系代词：which
因此, 如果确定是考查定语从句, 我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项, 如：what。
◆ 关系代词的用法
关系代词 成分 先行词 例句
who （6次） 主语 人 He is the man who wants to see you.
他就是那个想见你的人。
whom 宾语（可省） 人 He’s the boy(whom) I talked with just now.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。
whose 定语 人、物 What’s the name of the boy whose father is a doctor 父亲是一名医生的那个男孩叫什么名字？
关系代词 成分 先行词 例句
that （3次） 主语、宾语（可省）、表语 人、物 Do you know the girl that/who often comes here 你认识经常来这儿的那个女孩吗？
which （1次） 主语、宾语（可省）、表语 事、物 A dictionary is a book which gives the meanings of words.词典是一本给出单词意思的书。
关系副词 成分 例句
when 时间 状语 I still remember the day when our new school was built.我还记得我们新校园建成的那天。
where （1次） 地点 状语 This is the place where I studied last year.这就是我去年学习的地方。
why 原因 状语 Please tell me the reason why you were late.请告诉我你迟到的原因。
◆ 关系副词的用法
◆特殊情况
（1）只能用关系代词that的情况：
①先行词是不定代词 something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little,
【图解助记】
few, much, none, some等时。如：
As we all know, all that can be done has been done.
众所周知, 所有能做的都已经做了。
②先行词被 the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时（2019天水48题）。如：
It is the only word that I don’t know in the passage.
这是这篇文章里唯一一个我不认识的单词。
③当先行词既指人又指物时。如：
The characters and events that the author described in his book are very interesting. 作者在他的书里描写的那些人和事非常有趣。
④先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰, 或先行词本身就是序数词时。如：
This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.
这是这座城市迄今为止放映过的最好的电影。
He was the first person that gave us some useful advice.
他是第一个给了我们一些有用的建议的人。
⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Who is the man that is standing over there？
站在那边的那位男士是谁？
（2）只用which不用that的情况：
①关系代词作介词(短语)的宾语且指物或事情时。
②先行词本身是that, those时。
③引导非限制性定语从句时。
甘肃五年真题
16.（2021省卷Ⅱ. 12题）A true friend is a person ___ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A.whom B.whose C.who D.which
17. (2020兰州33题)I will never forget the young man ___ saved my mom in the fire.
A.when B.which C.where D.who
C
D
18. （2020天水45题)The boy ___ is holding a ball is my brother.
A.what B.which
C.不填 D.who
19.（2019兰州37题）The movie ___ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.
A.who B.which C.where D.when
20.（2019省卷33题）I prefer music ___ has great lyrics.
A.who B.whose C.that D./
D
B
C
21.（2018兰州38题） I like the city ___ the people are really kind and friendly.
A.that B.which C.where D.who
满分突破
22.The earth is the planet ___ provides us with everything we need such as fresh air, clean water and so on.
A.who B.which
C.what D.whom
C
B
23.Don’t expect all children ___ watch this video to become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A.which B.where C.who D.whose
24.This is Amy, ___ pronunciation is the best in our class.We can learn a lot from her.
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
25.I still remember the college and the teachers ___ I visited in London years ago. A.which B.who C.that D.whom
C
A
C(共7张PPT)
专题十四 复合句
第二部分 语法专题突破
命题点3 状语从句
【考情概括】
状语从句是甘肃中考的必考点, 主要在单项选择中考查从属连词的辨析以及if引导的条件状语从句“主将从现”原则。此部分可以结合前面的从属连词进行复习。
◆ 状语从句的类型和引导词
类型 引导词 例句 注意事项
时间状语从句 as soon as, when, while, until, since等。 I will call you up as soon as I arrive in Xi?an.我一到西安就给你打电话。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 如果主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时表将来。
条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as等。 I won’t attend their party unless I’m invited.我不会参加他们的聚会, 除非被邀请。 类型 引导词 例句 注意事项
结果状语从句 so…that…, so that, such…that…等。 He is so tired that he can’t go any farther.他太累了, 再也走不动了。 “so…that…”可以与“too…to”及enough to的否定结构互换。
让步状语从句 although, though, whether等。 Although he was tired, he kept on working.尽管他很累, 但他仍然继续工作。 although, though不能与but连用, 但可与yet, still连用。
◆ 状语从句的时态
有些时间和条件状语从句必须遵循“主将从现”原则, 即主句为一般将来时,状语从句使用一般现在时表将来,常见的应遵循“主将从现”原则的连词有：表示时间的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as等；表示条件的if, unless, as long as, in case等。
甘肃五年真题
26.（2019天水45题）—I don’t know if Sam ___ tomorrow.
—Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as he .
A.will come; comes B.comes; will come
C.will come; will come D.comes; comes
满分突破
27.It will be a long time ___ he back from B erlin.
A.when; will come B.before; comes
C.after; is coming D.while； comes
A
B
28.You will see many old people dancing together on the square if it ___
in the evening.
A.doesn’t rain B.rains
C.will rain D.won’t rain
29.I am waiting for my friend. ___ , I’ll go shopping alone.
A.If she comes B.If she will come
C.If she came D.If she doesn’t come
A
D
