2022-2023学年甘肃省定西市高三（下）开学英语试卷（Word版含解析）
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-21 14:32:35 | ||
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2022-2023学年甘肃省定西市高三（下）开学英语试卷
A
Four Pre-College Summer Science Programs
Sustainable Animal Husbandry（畜牧业）
This 3-week program is worth attending!In addition to some lectures discussions，students will also tour a variety of animal farms，practice animal techniques，and learn about the relationships between domestic animals and humans.
Where：Cornell University，Ithaca，New York
How Much：﹩6，310 including tuition and room &.board
Biological Research and the Health Professions
You will spend six weeks exploring different aspects of life as a researcher or d this program.Activities include dissecting（解剖）a chicken with a world-famous zoo learning about non-traditional medical therapies，measuring electrical communication in living fish，talking with atop cancer researcher，and much，much more.
Where：Cornell University，Ithaca，New York
How Much：﹩ 12，825 including tuition and room &board
Clark Scholars Program
The seven-week summer research program offers students an opportunity for ha practical research with leading researchers and members of Texas Tech University.unique opportunity，which includes weekly discussions and field trips，also pays stud ＄750 tax-free stipend（生活津贴）and provides room and board.
Where：Texas Tech University，Lubbock，Texas
How Much：Students receive a ﹩750 tax-free stipend
Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists
Mathematics is an important part of science，and this 6-week program is the perfect summer program for ambitious and motivated students to improve their math skills.They'll team up with other students，research mathematicians，and professors，and visit scientists for a typical day of number theory（数论）lectures，seminars，independent and group work and research，hands-on experiments，and plenty of fun activities.
Where：Boston University，Boston，Massachusetts
How Much：﹩6，600 including tuition and room &board
1. What can we learn about the program-Sustainable Animal Husbandry？
A. You can learn about non-traditional medical therapies.
B. You can have a better understanding of domestic animals.
C. It takes place in Boston University，Boston，Massachusetts.
D. You can visit scientists for a typical day of number theory lectures.
2. Which program best suits a student who shows interest in medicine？
A. Clark Scholars Program.
B. Sustainable Animal Husbandry.
C. Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists.
D. Biological Research and the Health Profession.
3. How much should you pay if you intend to take part in the program in mathematics？
A. ﹩750. B. ﹩6，310. C. ﹩6，600. D. ﹩12，825.
B
My grandfather was a rigid （刻板的） perfectionist.Everything had to be orderly，precise and punctual.I was frightened of him until the day he died.Growing up，my mother desperately wanted to please him.She probably thought he might leave if she didn't.
In fact，I now think the fear of being left alone，abandoned，was a current throughout much of her life.A few years into my father suffering from Alzheimer's，my mother's voice on the phone sounded so upset that I had to tell her， "Just be with yourself for a little while.Be calm and everything can be better."
"No，I can't do that.I don't want to do that，" she said suddenly，closing the door on the subject.A while after my father died，she told me that she kept the television on all the time because it made her feel less lonely. "It makes the house seem to have more people living in it，" she said.I had given in to my annoyance and either turned the volume down or turned it off.But after she told me that it filled in some of the loneliness，I never reached for the remote control again.
We have had a long journey together，she and I.Over a half-century of memories，now that the journey has ended，I have a choice which ones to study and which ones to turn over in my hands and dust off （抹去）.
I choose to look at the ones that ache with a sweet truth not told often enough.There was love between us.It was just hard to find sometimes.I choose to remember her face on that winter day in Manhattan，when I came to her with a broken heart.I choose to remember walking on the shore with her in summers when we rented a beach house.Somehow the sea always changed us.I choose to remember how she looked on my wedding day when she handed me a bracelet （手镯） that had belonged to my grandmother. "Something old，" she said.
4. What can we infer from the author's words said to her mother in paragraph 2？
A. The author comforted her. B. The author praised her.
C. The author apologized to her. D. The author blamed her.
5. Why did the author never reach for the remote control again？
A. She would not turn the TV set on.
B. The remote control had broken down.
C. The remote control was hidden by her mother.
D. She would not turn the TV set off or turn it down.
6. How does the author deal with her half-century of memories of her mother？
A. Ignore most of them.
B. Keep all of them in mind.
C. Forget some and analyze others.
D. Write things from her memories often.
7. What did the author's mother do for her marriage？
A. She took her to see her grandmother.
B. She arranged a tour in Manhattan.
C. She offered her a present.
D. She rented a beach house.
C
A new study suggests that smoke from wildfires can change how clouds store water and could lead to less rainfall.The research comes as western parts of the United States are currently experiencing drought conditions after several years of intense wildfire activity.
Clouds contain a collection of water droplets （微滴） that form from vapor in the atmosphere.When these droplets condense （凝结） onto each other within a cloud，they become heavier and eventually fall as rain.But the water condensation process requires a solid substance for the vapor to attach to.Different kinds of particles rising up from the Earth's surface can reach clouds and make this process possible.
The new study found that smoke from wildfires contains small particles that affect the way droplets form in clouds.The main effect was the number of water droplets formed.The team reported that smoky clouds contained about five times the number of droplets as non-smoky clouds.But data also showed that the droplets in smoky clouds were much smaller，about half the size of those in the clouds without wildfire smoke.
It is that size difference，the researchers say，that could reduce the amount of rainfall.This is because small droplets are less likely to grow and eventually fall to the ground as rain. "Because of their small droplet sizes，these smoky clouds are expected to reflect more light and produce less rain than clouds in clean air，" the study states.
The findings could mean that active wildfire seasons in the western U.S.may in fact lead to less rain and more drought，the researchers said. "We were surprised at how effective these primarily organic particles were at forming cloud droplets and what large impacts they had on the microphysics （微观物理） of the clouds，" said Cynthia Twohy，leader of the new study.
Twohy also noted that different kinds of clouds behave differently.The current study examined changes in small cumulus clouds.Other kinds that sit much higher in the atmosphere can cause heavy storms，she said.Twohy added， "I am hoping these results will lead to detailed regional modeling studies that will help us understand the actual impact of smoke on clouds and climate."
8. Why did the researchers conduct the study？
A. They aren't sure how water droplets form from vapor.
B. There is a great climate change in America.
C. The US has serious drought after wildfires.
D. They wonder how smoky clouds appear.
9. What is a characteristic of smoky clouds？
A. They tend to reflect more light.
B. They often have lower temperatures than others.
C. They contain more droplets which are larger in size.
D. They have fewer particles for the vapor to attach to.
10. What could smoky clouds lead to according to the text？
A. Less rainfall. B. Much cooler weather.
C. Fewer windy days. D. More storms.
11. What is the main idea of the text？
A. There are many reasons for the US drought.
B. Wildfire smoke can make clouds produce less rain.
C. Organic particles play an important role in forming clouds.
D. Humans have to face the serious consequences of wildfires.
D
Shortly after 6 am on Monday，buses carrying 200 immigrants rolled into Midtown Manhattan from Texas，Most of them，including young children，wore lightweight sweaters or blankets to keep out the cold.Mayor Eric Adams' administration warned that 10 to 15 busloads of migrants were expected to arrive this week due to the lifting of Title 42，a Trump-era public health rule passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts on Monday temporarily blocked the Biden administration from ending the pandemic-era Title 42 immigration policy，leaving in doubt whether officials will continue to drive off migrants over concerns about public health risks.Title 42 is set to expire（期满）on Wednesday.
"We have been told in no uncertain terms that，beginning today，we should expect an influx（流入）of buses coming from the border and that more than 1，000 additional asylum（政治避难）seekers will arrive in New York City every week，" Adams said in a statement released on Sunday. "We need help from Washington."
Seeking to draw the Biden administration's attention to the growing immigrant crisis，Republican governors of border states such as Texas and Arizona have been shipping migrants to Democratic-controlled cities such as New York City，Philadelphia and Washington，DC.
New York has received more than 31，000 migrants and has opened 60 emergency shelters，mostly in hotels，as well as six other centers.New York City's school chancellor（校监）said in October that the school system has enrolled more than 5，500 new migrant students，most of whom came from Latin America.
Adams，who declared a state of emergency over the migrant influx in October，said in a statement on Sunday that if nothing changes and the policy expires，the cost of absorbing new migrants was unsustainable and could lead to cuts to existing city programs.
"Our shelter system is full，and we are nearly out of money，staff，and space.To be honest，if corrective measures are not taken soon，we may very well be forced to cut programs New Yorkers rely on， "he said.Adams accused the federal government of ignoring the city's pleas for aid and accused Republicans and Democrats in Congress of failing to "raise their hand" to help.
12. Why are so many migrants supposed to arrive in New York City？
A. New York City faces a major labor shortage.
B. The immigration policy is to be no longer valid.
C. Washington has announced a new immigration rule.
D. New York City provides them with better living conditions.
13. Which might be a Republican-controlled place？
A. Washington，DC. B. Philadelphia.
C. New York City. D. Texas.
14. What does the underlined phrase "pleas for" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Supplies of. B. Benefits of. C. Rewards for. D. Demands for.
15. What is the most suitable title for the news report？
A. New York opens 60 emergency shelters.
B. New York City hit by new immigrant flow.
C. New York City needs help from Washington.
D. New York City's school system enrolls many migrant students.
There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet.（1） However，there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food，but it is so much sugar.Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans.And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day（Journal of the American Medical Association，2021）.This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.Put it more simply，while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous，we already know that sugar is a killer.
（2） The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar，which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.（3） You have to stop having sweet drinks altogether.
Beyond this，you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods，especially fruit and vegetables，which are full of vitamins and fibre，rather than processed foods.（4） They have higher quantities of sugar，salt，and fat than fresh ingredients（原料）.Besides this，it is also important to have some meat，beans，or dairy products in your diet，as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.As with everything in life，moderation（适度）is key.The ideal diet is a balanced one，without too much or too little of any one thing.
Finally，a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly.It takes about twenty minutes from the time when you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.（5） It will also allow you to enjoy your food more.
A.Processed foods often contain less nutrition.
B.Don't let food become the centre of your life.
C.Eating a large amount of food each time is not necessary.
D.Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks.
E.Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better.
F.In other words，if you want to be healthy，you have to cut down on desserts.
G.For example，scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Last term，I read the book The Book Thief.It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger and her （1） in Nazi Germany in 1939.In this book，Liesel's father is taken away by the Nazis.Her mother（2） and never returns and her brother dies.Then she is sent to a foster family（寄养家庭） in a poor area of Munich.On the way，she （3） a book named The Grave Digger's Handbook，which becomes the first book she "steals".It's her（4） foster father Hans who helps Liesel to read，and the 14 books she steals provide her with（5） comfort.She manages to（6） the war and（7） helps the people around her who are also （8）
As I （9） each page，I found myself absorbed in the（10） created by the author.The light but lingering（绵长的）（11） made me hold my （12） ，as if I had the same experience as Liesel.
Every time I （13） this book，what comes to mind is not the （14） of the Nazis or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation.All I can think of is the resilience（韧性），sincerity and kindness of（15） in such a（n）（16） cruel period.Despite the fact that it is not easy for foster parents to （17） themselves，they still choose to foster Liesel when she is（18） .They also save and hide a Jewish girl in their basement when the Nazis start to kill the Jews.
All these details make me feel that （19） we keep the most （20） thing inside our hearts，even in despair，we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us.
21. A. interview B. schedule C. responsibility D. experience
22. A. struggles B. disappears C. remains D. hesitates
23. A. comes across B. puts away C. turns over D. leaves behind
24. A. selfish B. narrow-minded C. kind-hearted D. wealth
25. A. endless B. instant C. little D. physical
26. A. enter B. forget C. describe D. survive
27. A. sadly B. readily C. suddenly D. unfortunately
28. A. travelling B. operating C. suffering D. recovering
29. A. turned B. tore C. covered D. struck
30. A. world B. house C. street D. field
31. A. complaint B. sorrow C. delight D. regret
32. A. position B. record C. view D. breath
33. A. make room for B. take advantage of
C. think back on D. get rid of
34. A. madness B. tiredness C. sickness D. awareness
35. A. literature B. humanity C. competition D. hardship
36. A. eventually B. initially C. extremely D. slightly
37. A. tolerate B. represent C. support D. treat
38. A. abandoned B. observed C. controlled D. trained
39. A. for fear that B. in order that C. even if D. as long as
40. A. similar B. precious C. serious D. natural
41. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More than one century after being unearthed，hundreds of pieces of oracle bones （甲骨） （1） （keep） in a top university in Jiangsu province now have the chance to be decoded （破解），thanks to a new academic project.In early November，Nanjing University in the provincial capital made an（2） （announce） of the launch of a comprehensive study and categorization of the bones that date back to the late Shang Dynasty （ 16th century-11th century BC）.Systematic recordings of these pieces through traditional ink rubbings （拓片） and digitized （3） （approach） will also begin.
（4） （present），about 600 pieces of oracle bones are now housed at Nanjing University Museum， （5） （make） it the third-largest collection of its kind among Chinese colleges after Peking University and Tsinghua University.
According to Shi Mei，director of the museum and host of the academic program，the about 3，300-year-old bones were owned by some well-known collectors around 1900.Some of the bones （6） （donate） by John Calvin Ferguson，an American Sinologist，who was president of the University of Nanking，a predecessor of Nanjing University that was formed in 1952. "However，due to the lack of enough （7） （talent） scholars，detailed studies on the bones hadn't started for a long time，" Shi says.
Oracle bone inscriptions （铭文） compose the oldest-known Chinese writing system.The findings， （8） are mostly from the Yinxu site in Anyang，Henan province，not only prove that Shang Dynasty history is more than myth，but also indicate the beginning of Chinese language，as present-day written characters can trace their history to the inscriptions.Owing to the high status of oracle bones，relevant studies to decode the writings were（9） high demand.
Scattered fragments of oracle bones first began to emerge around Anyang in （10） late 1890s.In 1924，the University of Nanking became the first Chinese university to include a course on oracle bone inscriptions in its subjects.Four years later，the first linguistics （语言学） essays on the inscriptions was also published in Nanjing.
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42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Friday was the day where I watched the event of the Textbook Drama Performances held in the hall of our school in the evening.The wholly school watched the performances.During the event，the students from 15 classes acted out those famous story from the textbooks，was including Romeo and Juliet，As You Like It and so on.After the performances，all the students sing high praise for the actors and actresses but said that they learnt a lot from the event.
My favorite performance is Romeo and Juliet.I am touched by the beautiful love between themselves.I think this event is great significance to us.It lets us knowing more about the famous works of the world and increases our interested in English literature.
43. 假如你是李华，你和同班同学Tom在踢足球时发生矛盾。请你根据此事给你班英语角写一篇短文。内容包括：
1.事情是如何发生的：踢足球因为碰撞导致争执等；
2.为什么会发生冲突：①遇事不够理智和冷静；②……；
3.如何能够避免冲突：提出两种或以上的做法。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：碰撞bump into。
A conflict between people is common in everyday life.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Sustainable Animal Husbandry（畜牧业）中This 3-week program is worth attending!In addition to some lectures and class discussions，students will also tour a variety of animal farms，practice animal handling techniques，and learn about the relationships between domestic animals and humans.（这个为期三周的课程值得参加!除了一些讲座和课堂讨论，学生还将参观各种动物农场，练习动物处理技巧，并了解家畜和人类之间的关系。）可知，我们能从可持续畜牧业项目中了解到你可以更好地了解家畜。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据Biological Research and the Health Professions中You will spend six weeks exploring different aspects of life as a researcher or doctor in this program.Activities include dissecting a chicken with a world-famous zoologist，learning about non-traditional medical therapies，measuring electrical communication signals in living fish，talking with a top cancer researcher，and much，much more.（在这个项目中，你将花六周的时间作为研究人员或医生探索生活的不同方面。活动包括与世界著名的动物学家一起解剖鸡，学习非传统的医学疗法，测量活鱼的电子通信信号，与顶级癌症研究人员交谈等等。）可推知，生物研究和卫生专业课程最适合对医学感兴趣的学生。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists中How Much：＄ 6，600 including tuition and room.（费用：6，600美元，包括学费和住宿。）可知，如果你打算参加数学课程，你应该支付6，600美元。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个大学预科暑期科学项目。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】A、D、C、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段A few years into my father suffering from Alzheimer's，my mother's voice on the phone sounded so upset that I had to tell her， "Just be with yourself for a little while.Be calm and everything can be better."（父亲患上老年痴呆症后的几年里，母亲在电话里的声音听起来很沮丧，我不得不告诉她："自己静一静。冷静下来，一切都会好起来的。"）可推知，作者在第二段对她母亲说的话是为了安慰自己的母亲。因此A．The author comforted her.（作者安慰她。）符合题意。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段I had given in to my annoyance and either turned the volume down or turned it off.But after she told me that it filled in some of the loneliness，I never reached for the remote control again.（我已经屈服于我的烦恼，要么把音量调低，要么把它关掉。但在她告诉我，它填补了一些孤独之后，我再也没有去拿遥控器了）可知，作者再也没有伸手去拿遥控器，因为她知道看电视能够填补母亲的孤独，因此作者不愿意再拿遥控器把电视机关掉或关小。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Over a half-century of memories，now that the journey has ended，I have a choice which ones to study and which ones to turn over in my hands and dust off （抹去）.（超过半个世纪的记忆，现在旅程已经结束，我选择哪些学习，哪些放在手里仔细考虑，抹去）可知，对母亲长达半个世纪的记忆，作者选择忘记一些，分析其他。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段I choose to remember how she looked on my wedding day when she handed me a bracelet （手镯） that had belonged to my grandmother. "Something old，" she said.（我选择回忆我结婚那天，她递给我一只属于我祖母的手镯时的样子。"旧的东西，"她说。）可知，作者的母亲在她结婚的时候送给她一份礼物。因此C．She offered her a present.（她给了她一份礼物。）符合题意。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对母亲的记忆。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】C、A、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A new study suggests that smoke from wildfires can change how clouds store water and could lead to less rainfall.The research comes as western parts of the United States are currently experiencing drought conditions after several years of intense wildfire activity.（一项新的研究表明，野火产生的烟雾会改变云层储存水的方式，并可能导致降雨量减少。这项研究发布之际，美国西部地区在经历了几年的强烈野火活动后，目前正在经历干旱。）可推知，研究人员进行这项研究是因为美国在野火后出现了严重的干旱。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段"Because of their small droplet sizes，these smoky clouds are expected to reflect more light and produce less rain than clouds in clean air，" the study states.（"由于这些烟雾云的液滴很小，预计它们会反射更多的光，比清洁空气中的云产生更少的雨水，"该研究指出）可知，烟云的特征是它们往往会反射更多的光。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段It is that size difference，the researchers say，that could reduce the amount of rainfall.This is because small droplets are less likely to grow and eventually fall to the ground as rain.（研究人员说，正是这种大小差异可能会减少降雨量。这是因为小水滴不太可能长大，最终以雨的形式落在地上）可知，烟雾会导致降雨量减少。A．Less rainfall.降雨量少；B．Much cooler weather.天气凉爽多了；C．Fewer windy days.刮风的日子少了；D．More storms.更多的风暴。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段A new study suggests that smoke from wildfires can change how clouds store water and could lead to less rainfall.（一项新的研究表明，野火产生的烟雾会改变云层储存水的方式，并可能导致降雨量减少）及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了野火烟雾可以使云产生较少的降雨。因此B．Wildfire smoke can make clouds produce less rain.（野火烟雾可以使云产生更少的雨。）是本文的主旨大意。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明野火产生的烟雾可以改变云储存水的方式，并可能导致降雨量减少。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】B、D、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Mayor Eric Adams' administration warned that 10 to 15 busloads of migrants were expected to arrive this week due to the lifting of Title 42，a Trump-era public health rule passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.（市长埃里克 亚当斯（Eric Adams）的政府警告说，由于第42条（Title 42）的取消，预计本周将有10至15辆巴士的移民抵达。第42条是特朗普时代为回应新冠肺炎疫情而通过的公共卫生规则。）和第二段 Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts on Monday temporarily blocked the Biden administration from ending the pandemic-era Title 42 immigration policy，leaving in doubt whether officials will continue to drive off migrants over concerns about public health risks.Title 42 is set to expire（期满）on Wednesday．（最高法院首席大法官约翰 罗伯茨（John Roberts）周一暂时阻止拜登政府结束疫情时代的第42条移民政策，令人怀疑官员们是否会出于对公共健康风险的担忧继续驱逐移民。第42条将于周三到期。）可知这么多移民应该到达纽约市，因为移民政策将不再有效。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段 Seeking to draw the Biden administration's attention to the growing immigrant crisis，Republican governors of border states such as Texas and Arizona have been shipping migrants to Democratic-controlled cities such as New York City，Philadelphia and Washington，DC.（为了吸引拜登政府对日益严重的移民危机的关注，得克萨斯州和亚利桑那州等边境州的共和党州长一直在将移民运往民主党控制的城市，如纽约市、费城和DC的华盛顿。）可知德克萨斯州可能是共和党控制的地方。故选D。
（3）猜测词义题。根据文章倒数第二段 Adams，who declared a state of emergency over the migrant influx in October，said in a statement on Sunday that if nothing changes and the policy expires，the cost of absorbing new migrants was unsustainable and could lead to cuts to existing city programs.（亚当斯在10月份宣布移民涌入进入紧急状态，他在周日的一份声明中表示，如果什么都不改变，政策到期，吸收新移民的成本是不可持续的，可能会导致现有城市项目的削减。）和最后一段Adams accused the federal government of ignoring the city's pleas for aid and accused Republicans and Democrats in Congress of failing to "raise their hand" to help.（亚当斯指责联邦政府无视该市的援助请求，并指责国会中的共和党人和民主党人未能"举手"提供帮助。）可知pleas for的意思是"请求，要求"。A.Supplies of.……的供应；B.Benefits of.……的好处；C.Rewards for.奖励给……；D.Demands for.对……的要求。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段Shortly after 6 am on Monday，buses carrying 200 immigrants rolled into Midtown Manhattan from Texas（周一早上6点过后不久，载有200名移民的巴士从德克萨斯州驶入曼哈顿中城）和最后一段Our shelter system is full，and we are nearly out of money，staff，and space.（我们的避难所系统已经满了，我们几乎没有资金、人员和空间。）可知本文主要讲述了纽约受到移民潮冲击这一问题。因此B.New York City hit by new immigrant flow.（新移民潮冲击纽约市。）是本文的最佳标题。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了纽约受到移民潮冲击这一问题。由于资源缺乏，亚当斯指责联邦政府无视该市的援助请求，并指责国会中的共和党人和民主党人未能"举手"提供帮助。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】G、D、F、A、E
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后文However，there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food，but it is so much sugar（然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致健康不佳的真正原因并不是太多的脂肪食品，而是太多的糖），可知表示"例如，科学家多年来一直坚持认为，健康的大敌是脂肪食品"的选项符合前后的转折关系，not so much fatty food是关键词，故选G。
（2）主题判断题。根据后文The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100 - 150 calories a day from sugar，which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar（普通美国人仅通过甜饮料就能获得1/3的糖。美国心脏协会建议我们每天摄入糖的热量限制在100-150卡路里以下，这比一罐甜饮料或一块糖果中通常含有的热量要少），可知表示"这些额外的糖大部分来自糖果和甜饮料"的选项D可以作为本段的主题，sweet drinks是关键词，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100 - 150 calories a day from sugar，which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar（普通美国人仅通过甜饮料就能获得1/3的糖。美国心脏协会建议我们每天摄入糖的热量限制在100-150卡路里以下，这比一罐甜饮料或一块糖果中通常含有的热量要少），可知表示"换句话说，如果你想保持健康，你必须减少甜点"的选项F可以承接上文并且提出建议，sweet drinks和desserts是关联词，故选F。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文Beyond this，you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods，especially fruit and vegetables，which are full of vitamins and fibre，rather than processed foods（除此之外，你可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康，尤其是富含维生素和纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品）；以及后文They have higher quantities of sugar，salt，and fat than fresh ingredients（它们的糖、盐和脂肪含量比新鲜的原料成分高），可知表示"加工食品通常含有较少的营养"的选项A可以承接上文，processed foods是关键词，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据主题句Finally，a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly（最后，健康饮食的一个基本关键是吃得慢）；以及后文It will also allow you to enjoy your food more（它还可以让你更享受你的食物），可知表示"慢慢吃也能让你的身体更好地消化食物"的选项E符合前后介绍慢慢吃饭的好处的语境，故选E。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了健康饮食的组成成分。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~40.【答案】D、B、A、C、A、D、B、C、A、A、B、D、C、A、B、C、C、A、D、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.interview面试；B.schedule时间表；C.responsibility责任；D.experience经历。根据后文She manages to（6）the war and（7）helps the people around her who are also （8）可知她设法在战争中幸存下来，并乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。说明这是一个关于9岁女孩莉赛尔 梅明格和她1939年在纳粹德国的经历的故事。故答案为D。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.struggles奋斗；B.disappears消失；C.remains仍然是；D.hesitates犹豫。根据下句and never returns and her brother dies.可知她的母亲失踪了，再也没有回来，她的哥哥死了。故答案为B。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.comes across偶然遇到；B.puts away收拾；C.turns over翻转；D.leaves behind落在后面。根据下句which becomes the first book she "steals".可知在路上，她偶然发现了一本名为《掘墓人手册》的书，这也成为她"偷"的第一本书。故答案为A。
（4）考查形容词和名词及语境理解。A.selfish自私的；B.narrow-minded思想狭隘的；C.kind-hearted好心的；D.wealth财富。根据下句who helps Liesel to read，and the 14 books she steals provide her with（5）comfort可知帮助莉赛尔阅读的是她善良的养父汉斯，她偷的14本书给了她无尽的安慰。故答案为C。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.endless无穷的；B.instant瞬间的；C.little小的；D.physical身体上的。帮助莉赛尔阅读的是她善良的养父汉斯，她偷的14本书给了她无尽的安慰。故答案为A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.enter进入；B.forget忘记；C.describe描述；D.survive幸存。根据下句（7）helps the people around her who are also （8）可知乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。说明她设法在战争中幸存了下来，故答案为D。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.sadly伤心地；B.readily准备好地；C.suddenly突然；D.unfortunately不幸地。她设法在战争中幸存下来，并乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。故答案为B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.travelling旅行；B.operating操控；C.suffering遭受；D.recovering恢复。根据空前helps the people around her可知乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。故答案为C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.turned转向，翻转；B.tore撕开；C.covered覆盖；D.struck打击。当我翻开每一页时，我发现自己被作者创造的世界吸引住了。故答案为A。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.world世界；B.house房子；C.street路；D.geld货币。根据常识和空后created by the author可知我发现自己被作者创造的世界吸引住了。故答案为A。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.complaint抱怨；B.sorrow痛苦；C.delight高兴；D.regret后悔。根据下句as if I had the same experience as Liesel.可知淡淡的却挥之不去的悲伤让我屏住呼吸，仿佛我和莉赛尔有着同样的经历。故答案为B。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.position位置；B.record记录；C.view景色；D.breath呼吸。淡淡的却挥之不去的悲伤让我屏住呼吸，仿佛我和莉赛尔有着同样的经历。hold one's breath屏住呼吸。故答案为D。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make room for腾出空间；B.take advantage of利用；C.think back on回想一下；D.get rid of摆脱。根据下句what comes to mind is not the （14）of the Nazis or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation可知每当我回想起这本书，脑海中浮现的不是纳粹的疯狂，也不是面对非常困难和不利的局面时的绝望。故答案为C。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.madness疯狂；B.tiredness疲惫；C.sickness病；D.awareness意识。根据空后or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation可知脑海中浮现的不是纳粹的疯狂，也不是面对非常困难和不利的局面时的绝望。故答案为A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.literature 文学；B.humanity人性，善良；C.competition比赛；D.hardship困难。根据上句All I can think of is the resilience（韧性），sincerity可知我所能想到的，就是在这样一个极其残酷的时期，人类的韧性、真诚和善良。故答案为B。
（16）考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最后；B.initially最初地；C.extremely极其；D.slightly轻微地。根据前文It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger and her （1）in Nazi Germany in 1939可知这是一个关于9岁女孩莉赛尔 梅明格和她1939年在纳粹德国的经历的故事。说明这是一个极其残酷的时期。故答案为C。
（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.tolerate忍受；B.represent代表；C.support支持，养育；D.treat对待。根据前文Then she is sent to a foster family（寄养家庭） in a poor area of Munich可知然后她被送到慕尼黑一个贫困地区的寄养家庭。说明养父母养活自己不容易。故答案为C。
（18）考查动词及语境理解。A.abandoned放弃；B.observed观察；C.controlled控制；D.trained训练。根据前文Then she is sent to a foster family（寄养家庭） in a poor area of Munich可知然后她被送到慕尼黑一个贫困地区的寄养家庭。说明她被抛弃了。故答案为A。
（19）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.for fear that害怕；B.in order that为了；C.even if即使；D.as long as只要。这些细节都让我觉得，只要我们把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望中，我们依然有能力走向眼前最光明的未来。故答案为D。
（20）考查形容词及语境理解。A.similar相似的；B.precious珍贵的；C.serious严重的；D.natural自然的。根据下句we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us.可知只要我们把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望中，我们依然有能力走向眼前最光明的未来。故答案为B。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者通过读《The Book Thief》这本书，学会了一个道理：只要我们把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望中，我们依然有能力走向眼前最光明的未来。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
41.【答案】【小题1】kept/being kept
【小题2】announcement
【小题3】approaches
【小题4】Presently
【小题5】making
【小题6】were donated
【小题7】talented
【小题8】which
【小题9】in
【小题10】the
【解析】（1）考查过去分词或现在分词的被动语态。句意：在出土一个多世纪后，保存在江苏省一所顶尖大学的数百块甲骨文现在有机会被破解，这要归功于一个新的学术项目。此处为非谓语动词作定语，hundreds of pieces of oracle bones与keep之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语；也看作目前动作正在进行，用现在分词的被动语态形式作后置定语。故填kept/being kept。
（2）考查可数名词的单数。句意：11月初，位于省会的南京大学宣布启动对商朝晚期（公元前16世纪至公元前11世纪）遗骨的全面研究和分类工作。结合句意和an可知，此处用名词的单数形式，故填announcement。
（3）考查可数名词的复数。句意：通过传统的墨迹拓片和数字化方法，系统的记录这些作品也将开始。approach表示"方式，方法"，为可数名词，与ink rubbings并列作宾语，用其复数形式。故填approaches。
（4）考查副词。句意：目前，南京大学博物馆收藏了约600件甲骨文，是中国高校中仅次于北京大学和清华大学的第三大甲骨文馆藏。此处用副词作状语修饰句子，首字母需大写。故填Presently。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：目前，南京大学博物馆收藏了约600件甲骨文，是中国高校中仅次于北京大学和清华大学的第三大甲骨文馆藏。此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与make之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填making。
（6）考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：一些甲骨是由美国汉学家、南京大学的校长John Calvin Ferguson捐赠的，Nanking大学是南京大学的前身，成立于1952年。结合句意可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，主语为Some of the bones，谓语动词用复数形式，且与donate之间为被动关系，故填were donated。
（7）考查形容词。句意："然而，由于缺乏足够多的有才华的学者，对这些骨头的详细研究很长一段时间都没有开始。"史说。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词scholars，故填talented。
（8）考查定语从句。句意：这些发现大多来自河南省安阳殷墟遗址，不仅证明了商代的历史不仅仅是神话，而且还表明了中国语言的起源，因为今天的书面文字可以追溯到铭文。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为findings，在从句中作主语，故填which。
（9）考查介词。句意：由于甲骨文的重要地位，对甲骨文文字解码的相关研究受到了很大的要求。in high demand表示"需求量很大"，固定搭配。故填in。
（10）考查冠词。句意：散落的甲骨文碎片于19世纪90年代末首次出现在安阳附近。表示"在19世纪90年代"应用in the1890s。故填the。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是在出土一个多世纪后，保存在江苏省一所顶尖大学的数百块甲骨文现在有机会被破解，这要归功于一个新的学术项目。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】Last Friday was the day where I watched the event of the Textbook Drama Performances held in the hall of our school in the evening.The wholly school watched the performances.During the event，the students from 15 classes acted out those famous story from the textbooks，was including Romeo and Juliet，As You Like It and so on.After the performances，all the students sing high praise for the actors and actresses but said that they learnt a lot from the event.
My favorite performance is Romeo and Juliet.I am touched by the beautiful love between themselves.I think this event is ∧great significance to us.It lets us knowing more about the famous works of the world and increases our interested in English literature.
【详解】
1.考查定语从句。句意：上周五是我晚上在学校大厅观看教科书戏剧表演的日子。此处为定语从句，先行词为the day，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故将where改为when。
2.考查形容词。句意：全校师生都观看了表演。修饰名词school应用形容词whole。故将wholly改为whole。
3.考查可数名词的复数。句意：在活动中，来自15个班的学生表演了教科书中的著名故事，包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《皆大欢喜》等。结合句意此处的story应用复数形式stories。故将story改为stories。
4.考查介词。句意：在活动中，来自15个班的学生表演了教科书中的著名故事，包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《皆大欢喜》等。including为介词，所以was多余。故将was删掉。
5.考查动词时态。句意：表演结束后，所有的学生都对男女演员给予了高度赞扬，并表示他们从这次活动中学到了很多东西。结合句意动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故将sing改为sang。
6.考查连词。句意：表演结束后，所有的学生都对男女演员给予了高度赞扬，并表示他们从这次活动中学到了很多东西。结合句意前后两句句意为顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故将but改为and。
7.考查代词。句意：我最喜欢的表演是《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。我被他们之间美丽的爱情所感动。结合句意及句中介词between可知应将themselves改为them。故将themselves改为them。
8.考查介词。句意：我认为这件事对我们意义重大。be of great significance 意为"非常有意义"，固定搭配。故在great之前加of。
9.考查固定搭配。句意：它让我们更多地了解世界名著，增加了我们对英国文学的兴趣。let sb do意为"让某人做某事"，故将knowing该为know。
10.考查不可数名词。句意：它让我们更多地了解世界名著，增加了我们对英国文学的兴趣。increase one's interest 意为"增加某人的兴趣"，interest为不可数名词。故将interested改为interest。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者上周在学校大厅观看教科书戏剧表演的经历。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。
43.【答案】A conflict between people is common in everyday life.During the football game，Tom and I tried to catch the ball and then there was a horible quarrel. （事情是如何发生的）To be honest，we both were to blame.We were not calm enough and both said something really mean.Besides，I think that we care too much about winning and losing，leaving friendship and unity aside.【高分句型一】（为什么会发生冲突）
Facing such conflicts，we should be kind，which is essential to enjoy a harmonious campus life. 【高分句型二】It is also a virtue to forgive and forget.Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and try to be considerate to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.（如何能够避免冲突）
【解析】高分句型一：Besides，I think that we care too much about winning and losing，leaving friendship and unity aside.
译文：此外，我认为我们太在乎输赢，把友谊和团结抛在一边。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语leaving friendship and unity aside作状语。
高分句型二：Facing such conflicts，we should be kind，which is essential to enjoy a harmonious campus life.
译文：面对这样的冲突，我们应该友善，这对于享受和谐的校园生活至关重要。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语Facing such conflicts作状语；which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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A
Four Pre-College Summer Science Programs
Sustainable Animal Husbandry（畜牧业）
This 3-week program is worth attending!In addition to some lectures discussions，students will also tour a variety of animal farms，practice animal techniques，and learn about the relationships between domestic animals and humans.
Where：Cornell University，Ithaca，New York
How Much：﹩6，310 including tuition and room &.board
Biological Research and the Health Professions
You will spend six weeks exploring different aspects of life as a researcher or d this program.Activities include dissecting（解剖）a chicken with a world-famous zoo learning about non-traditional medical therapies，measuring electrical communication in living fish，talking with atop cancer researcher，and much，much more.
Where：Cornell University，Ithaca，New York
How Much：﹩ 12，825 including tuition and room &board
Clark Scholars Program
The seven-week summer research program offers students an opportunity for ha practical research with leading researchers and members of Texas Tech University.unique opportunity，which includes weekly discussions and field trips，also pays stud ＄750 tax-free stipend（生活津贴）and provides room and board.
Where：Texas Tech University，Lubbock，Texas
How Much：Students receive a ﹩750 tax-free stipend
Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists
Mathematics is an important part of science，and this 6-week program is the perfect summer program for ambitious and motivated students to improve their math skills.They'll team up with other students，research mathematicians，and professors，and visit scientists for a typical day of number theory（数论）lectures，seminars，independent and group work and research，hands-on experiments，and plenty of fun activities.
Where：Boston University，Boston，Massachusetts
How Much：﹩6，600 including tuition and room &board
1. What can we learn about the program-Sustainable Animal Husbandry？
A. You can learn about non-traditional medical therapies.
B. You can have a better understanding of domestic animals.
C. It takes place in Boston University，Boston，Massachusetts.
D. You can visit scientists for a typical day of number theory lectures.
2. Which program best suits a student who shows interest in medicine？
A. Clark Scholars Program.
B. Sustainable Animal Husbandry.
C. Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists.
D. Biological Research and the Health Profession.
3. How much should you pay if you intend to take part in the program in mathematics？
A. ﹩750. B. ﹩6，310. C. ﹩6，600. D. ﹩12，825.
B
My grandfather was a rigid （刻板的） perfectionist.Everything had to be orderly，precise and punctual.I was frightened of him until the day he died.Growing up，my mother desperately wanted to please him.She probably thought he might leave if she didn't.
In fact，I now think the fear of being left alone，abandoned，was a current throughout much of her life.A few years into my father suffering from Alzheimer's，my mother's voice on the phone sounded so upset that I had to tell her， "Just be with yourself for a little while.Be calm and everything can be better."
"No，I can't do that.I don't want to do that，" she said suddenly，closing the door on the subject.A while after my father died，she told me that she kept the television on all the time because it made her feel less lonely. "It makes the house seem to have more people living in it，" she said.I had given in to my annoyance and either turned the volume down or turned it off.But after she told me that it filled in some of the loneliness，I never reached for the remote control again.
We have had a long journey together，she and I.Over a half-century of memories，now that the journey has ended，I have a choice which ones to study and which ones to turn over in my hands and dust off （抹去）.
I choose to look at the ones that ache with a sweet truth not told often enough.There was love between us.It was just hard to find sometimes.I choose to remember her face on that winter day in Manhattan，when I came to her with a broken heart.I choose to remember walking on the shore with her in summers when we rented a beach house.Somehow the sea always changed us.I choose to remember how she looked on my wedding day when she handed me a bracelet （手镯） that had belonged to my grandmother. "Something old，" she said.
4. What can we infer from the author's words said to her mother in paragraph 2？
A. The author comforted her. B. The author praised her.
C. The author apologized to her. D. The author blamed her.
5. Why did the author never reach for the remote control again？
A. She would not turn the TV set on.
B. The remote control had broken down.
C. The remote control was hidden by her mother.
D. She would not turn the TV set off or turn it down.
6. How does the author deal with her half-century of memories of her mother？
A. Ignore most of them.
B. Keep all of them in mind.
C. Forget some and analyze others.
D. Write things from her memories often.
7. What did the author's mother do for her marriage？
A. She took her to see her grandmother.
B. She arranged a tour in Manhattan.
C. She offered her a present.
D. She rented a beach house.
C
A new study suggests that smoke from wildfires can change how clouds store water and could lead to less rainfall.The research comes as western parts of the United States are currently experiencing drought conditions after several years of intense wildfire activity.
Clouds contain a collection of water droplets （微滴） that form from vapor in the atmosphere.When these droplets condense （凝结） onto each other within a cloud，they become heavier and eventually fall as rain.But the water condensation process requires a solid substance for the vapor to attach to.Different kinds of particles rising up from the Earth's surface can reach clouds and make this process possible.
The new study found that smoke from wildfires contains small particles that affect the way droplets form in clouds.The main effect was the number of water droplets formed.The team reported that smoky clouds contained about five times the number of droplets as non-smoky clouds.But data also showed that the droplets in smoky clouds were much smaller，about half the size of those in the clouds without wildfire smoke.
It is that size difference，the researchers say，that could reduce the amount of rainfall.This is because small droplets are less likely to grow and eventually fall to the ground as rain. "Because of their small droplet sizes，these smoky clouds are expected to reflect more light and produce less rain than clouds in clean air，" the study states.
The findings could mean that active wildfire seasons in the western U.S.may in fact lead to less rain and more drought，the researchers said. "We were surprised at how effective these primarily organic particles were at forming cloud droplets and what large impacts they had on the microphysics （微观物理） of the clouds，" said Cynthia Twohy，leader of the new study.
Twohy also noted that different kinds of clouds behave differently.The current study examined changes in small cumulus clouds.Other kinds that sit much higher in the atmosphere can cause heavy storms，she said.Twohy added， "I am hoping these results will lead to detailed regional modeling studies that will help us understand the actual impact of smoke on clouds and climate."
8. Why did the researchers conduct the study？
A. They aren't sure how water droplets form from vapor.
B. There is a great climate change in America.
C. The US has serious drought after wildfires.
D. They wonder how smoky clouds appear.
9. What is a characteristic of smoky clouds？
A. They tend to reflect more light.
B. They often have lower temperatures than others.
C. They contain more droplets which are larger in size.
D. They have fewer particles for the vapor to attach to.
10. What could smoky clouds lead to according to the text？
A. Less rainfall. B. Much cooler weather.
C. Fewer windy days. D. More storms.
11. What is the main idea of the text？
A. There are many reasons for the US drought.
B. Wildfire smoke can make clouds produce less rain.
C. Organic particles play an important role in forming clouds.
D. Humans have to face the serious consequences of wildfires.
D
Shortly after 6 am on Monday，buses carrying 200 immigrants rolled into Midtown Manhattan from Texas，Most of them，including young children，wore lightweight sweaters or blankets to keep out the cold.Mayor Eric Adams' administration warned that 10 to 15 busloads of migrants were expected to arrive this week due to the lifting of Title 42，a Trump-era public health rule passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts on Monday temporarily blocked the Biden administration from ending the pandemic-era Title 42 immigration policy，leaving in doubt whether officials will continue to drive off migrants over concerns about public health risks.Title 42 is set to expire（期满）on Wednesday.
"We have been told in no uncertain terms that，beginning today，we should expect an influx（流入）of buses coming from the border and that more than 1，000 additional asylum（政治避难）seekers will arrive in New York City every week，" Adams said in a statement released on Sunday. "We need help from Washington."
Seeking to draw the Biden administration's attention to the growing immigrant crisis，Republican governors of border states such as Texas and Arizona have been shipping migrants to Democratic-controlled cities such as New York City，Philadelphia and Washington，DC.
New York has received more than 31，000 migrants and has opened 60 emergency shelters，mostly in hotels，as well as six other centers.New York City's school chancellor（校监）said in October that the school system has enrolled more than 5，500 new migrant students，most of whom came from Latin America.
Adams，who declared a state of emergency over the migrant influx in October，said in a statement on Sunday that if nothing changes and the policy expires，the cost of absorbing new migrants was unsustainable and could lead to cuts to existing city programs.
"Our shelter system is full，and we are nearly out of money，staff，and space.To be honest，if corrective measures are not taken soon，we may very well be forced to cut programs New Yorkers rely on， "he said.Adams accused the federal government of ignoring the city's pleas for aid and accused Republicans and Democrats in Congress of failing to "raise their hand" to help.
12. Why are so many migrants supposed to arrive in New York City？
A. New York City faces a major labor shortage.
B. The immigration policy is to be no longer valid.
C. Washington has announced a new immigration rule.
D. New York City provides them with better living conditions.
13. Which might be a Republican-controlled place？
A. Washington，DC. B. Philadelphia.
C. New York City. D. Texas.
14. What does the underlined phrase "pleas for" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Supplies of. B. Benefits of. C. Rewards for. D. Demands for.
15. What is the most suitable title for the news report？
A. New York opens 60 emergency shelters.
B. New York City hit by new immigrant flow.
C. New York City needs help from Washington.
D. New York City's school system enrolls many migrant students.
There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet.（1） However，there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food，but it is so much sugar.Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans.And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day（Journal of the American Medical Association，2021）.This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.Put it more simply，while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous，we already know that sugar is a killer.
（2） The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar，which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.（3） You have to stop having sweet drinks altogether.
Beyond this，you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods，especially fruit and vegetables，which are full of vitamins and fibre，rather than processed foods.（4） They have higher quantities of sugar，salt，and fat than fresh ingredients（原料）.Besides this，it is also important to have some meat，beans，or dairy products in your diet，as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.As with everything in life，moderation（适度）is key.The ideal diet is a balanced one，without too much or too little of any one thing.
Finally，a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly.It takes about twenty minutes from the time when you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.（5） It will also allow you to enjoy your food more.
A.Processed foods often contain less nutrition.
B.Don't let food become the centre of your life.
C.Eating a large amount of food each time is not necessary.
D.Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks.
E.Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better.
F.In other words，if you want to be healthy，you have to cut down on desserts.
G.For example，scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Last term，I read the book The Book Thief.It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger and her （1） in Nazi Germany in 1939.In this book，Liesel's father is taken away by the Nazis.Her mother（2） and never returns and her brother dies.Then she is sent to a foster family（寄养家庭） in a poor area of Munich.On the way，she （3） a book named The Grave Digger's Handbook，which becomes the first book she "steals".It's her（4） foster father Hans who helps Liesel to read，and the 14 books she steals provide her with（5） comfort.She manages to（6） the war and（7） helps the people around her who are also （8）
As I （9） each page，I found myself absorbed in the（10） created by the author.The light but lingering（绵长的）（11） made me hold my （12） ，as if I had the same experience as Liesel.
Every time I （13） this book，what comes to mind is not the （14） of the Nazis or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation.All I can think of is the resilience（韧性），sincerity and kindness of（15） in such a（n）（16） cruel period.Despite the fact that it is not easy for foster parents to （17） themselves，they still choose to foster Liesel when she is（18） .They also save and hide a Jewish girl in their basement when the Nazis start to kill the Jews.
All these details make me feel that （19） we keep the most （20） thing inside our hearts，even in despair，we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us.
21. A. interview B. schedule C. responsibility D. experience
22. A. struggles B. disappears C. remains D. hesitates
23. A. comes across B. puts away C. turns over D. leaves behind
24. A. selfish B. narrow-minded C. kind-hearted D. wealth
25. A. endless B. instant C. little D. physical
26. A. enter B. forget C. describe D. survive
27. A. sadly B. readily C. suddenly D. unfortunately
28. A. travelling B. operating C. suffering D. recovering
29. A. turned B. tore C. covered D. struck
30. A. world B. house C. street D. field
31. A. complaint B. sorrow C. delight D. regret
32. A. position B. record C. view D. breath
33. A. make room for B. take advantage of
C. think back on D. get rid of
34. A. madness B. tiredness C. sickness D. awareness
35. A. literature B. humanity C. competition D. hardship
36. A. eventually B. initially C. extremely D. slightly
37. A. tolerate B. represent C. support D. treat
38. A. abandoned B. observed C. controlled D. trained
39. A. for fear that B. in order that C. even if D. as long as
40. A. similar B. precious C. serious D. natural
41. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More than one century after being unearthed，hundreds of pieces of oracle bones （甲骨） （1） （keep） in a top university in Jiangsu province now have the chance to be decoded （破解），thanks to a new academic project.In early November，Nanjing University in the provincial capital made an（2） （announce） of the launch of a comprehensive study and categorization of the bones that date back to the late Shang Dynasty （ 16th century-11th century BC）.Systematic recordings of these pieces through traditional ink rubbings （拓片） and digitized （3） （approach） will also begin.
（4） （present），about 600 pieces of oracle bones are now housed at Nanjing University Museum， （5） （make） it the third-largest collection of its kind among Chinese colleges after Peking University and Tsinghua University.
According to Shi Mei，director of the museum and host of the academic program，the about 3，300-year-old bones were owned by some well-known collectors around 1900.Some of the bones （6） （donate） by John Calvin Ferguson，an American Sinologist，who was president of the University of Nanking，a predecessor of Nanjing University that was formed in 1952. "However，due to the lack of enough （7） （talent） scholars，detailed studies on the bones hadn't started for a long time，" Shi says.
Oracle bone inscriptions （铭文） compose the oldest-known Chinese writing system.The findings， （8） are mostly from the Yinxu site in Anyang，Henan province，not only prove that Shang Dynasty history is more than myth，but also indicate the beginning of Chinese language，as present-day written characters can trace their history to the inscriptions.Owing to the high status of oracle bones，relevant studies to decode the writings were（9） high demand.
Scattered fragments of oracle bones first began to emerge around Anyang in （10） late 1890s.In 1924，the University of Nanking became the first Chinese university to include a course on oracle bone inscriptions in its subjects.Four years later，the first linguistics （语言学） essays on the inscriptions was also published in Nanjing.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Friday was the day where I watched the event of the Textbook Drama Performances held in the hall of our school in the evening.The wholly school watched the performances.During the event，the students from 15 classes acted out those famous story from the textbooks，was including Romeo and Juliet，As You Like It and so on.After the performances，all the students sing high praise for the actors and actresses but said that they learnt a lot from the event.
My favorite performance is Romeo and Juliet.I am touched by the beautiful love between themselves.I think this event is great significance to us.It lets us knowing more about the famous works of the world and increases our interested in English literature.
43. 假如你是李华，你和同班同学Tom在踢足球时发生矛盾。请你根据此事给你班英语角写一篇短文。内容包括：
1.事情是如何发生的：踢足球因为碰撞导致争执等；
2.为什么会发生冲突：①遇事不够理智和冷静；②……；
3.如何能够避免冲突：提出两种或以上的做法。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：碰撞bump into。
A conflict between people is common in everyday life.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Sustainable Animal Husbandry（畜牧业）中This 3-week program is worth attending!In addition to some lectures and class discussions，students will also tour a variety of animal farms，practice animal handling techniques，and learn about the relationships between domestic animals and humans.（这个为期三周的课程值得参加!除了一些讲座和课堂讨论，学生还将参观各种动物农场，练习动物处理技巧，并了解家畜和人类之间的关系。）可知，我们能从可持续畜牧业项目中了解到你可以更好地了解家畜。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据Biological Research and the Health Professions中You will spend six weeks exploring different aspects of life as a researcher or doctor in this program.Activities include dissecting a chicken with a world-famous zoologist，learning about non-traditional medical therapies，measuring electrical communication signals in living fish，talking with a top cancer researcher，and much，much more.（在这个项目中，你将花六周的时间作为研究人员或医生探索生活的不同方面。活动包括与世界著名的动物学家一起解剖鸡，学习非传统的医学疗法，测量活鱼的电子通信信号，与顶级癌症研究人员交谈等等。）可推知，生物研究和卫生专业课程最适合对医学感兴趣的学生。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists中How Much：＄ 6，600 including tuition and room.（费用：6，600美元，包括学费和住宿。）可知，如果你打算参加数学课程，你应该支付6，600美元。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个大学预科暑期科学项目。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】A、D、C、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段A few years into my father suffering from Alzheimer's，my mother's voice on the phone sounded so upset that I had to tell her， "Just be with yourself for a little while.Be calm and everything can be better."（父亲患上老年痴呆症后的几年里，母亲在电话里的声音听起来很沮丧，我不得不告诉她："自己静一静。冷静下来，一切都会好起来的。"）可推知，作者在第二段对她母亲说的话是为了安慰自己的母亲。因此A．The author comforted her.（作者安慰她。）符合题意。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段I had given in to my annoyance and either turned the volume down or turned it off.But after she told me that it filled in some of the loneliness，I never reached for the remote control again.（我已经屈服于我的烦恼，要么把音量调低，要么把它关掉。但在她告诉我，它填补了一些孤独之后，我再也没有去拿遥控器了）可知，作者再也没有伸手去拿遥控器，因为她知道看电视能够填补母亲的孤独，因此作者不愿意再拿遥控器把电视机关掉或关小。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Over a half-century of memories，now that the journey has ended，I have a choice which ones to study and which ones to turn over in my hands and dust off （抹去）.（超过半个世纪的记忆，现在旅程已经结束，我选择哪些学习，哪些放在手里仔细考虑，抹去）可知，对母亲长达半个世纪的记忆，作者选择忘记一些，分析其他。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段I choose to remember how she looked on my wedding day when she handed me a bracelet （手镯） that had belonged to my grandmother. "Something old，" she said.（我选择回忆我结婚那天，她递给我一只属于我祖母的手镯时的样子。"旧的东西，"她说。）可知，作者的母亲在她结婚的时候送给她一份礼物。因此C．She offered her a present.（她给了她一份礼物。）符合题意。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对母亲的记忆。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】C、A、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A new study suggests that smoke from wildfires can change how clouds store water and could lead to less rainfall.The research comes as western parts of the United States are currently experiencing drought conditions after several years of intense wildfire activity.（一项新的研究表明，野火产生的烟雾会改变云层储存水的方式，并可能导致降雨量减少。这项研究发布之际，美国西部地区在经历了几年的强烈野火活动后，目前正在经历干旱。）可推知，研究人员进行这项研究是因为美国在野火后出现了严重的干旱。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段"Because of their small droplet sizes，these smoky clouds are expected to reflect more light and produce less rain than clouds in clean air，" the study states.（"由于这些烟雾云的液滴很小，预计它们会反射更多的光，比清洁空气中的云产生更少的雨水，"该研究指出）可知，烟云的特征是它们往往会反射更多的光。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段It is that size difference，the researchers say，that could reduce the amount of rainfall.This is because small droplets are less likely to grow and eventually fall to the ground as rain.（研究人员说，正是这种大小差异可能会减少降雨量。这是因为小水滴不太可能长大，最终以雨的形式落在地上）可知，烟雾会导致降雨量减少。A．Less rainfall.降雨量少；B．Much cooler weather.天气凉爽多了；C．Fewer windy days.刮风的日子少了；D．More storms.更多的风暴。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段A new study suggests that smoke from wildfires can change how clouds store water and could lead to less rainfall.（一项新的研究表明，野火产生的烟雾会改变云层储存水的方式，并可能导致降雨量减少）及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了野火烟雾可以使云产生较少的降雨。因此B．Wildfire smoke can make clouds produce less rain.（野火烟雾可以使云产生更少的雨。）是本文的主旨大意。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明野火产生的烟雾可以改变云储存水的方式，并可能导致降雨量减少。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】B、D、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Mayor Eric Adams' administration warned that 10 to 15 busloads of migrants were expected to arrive this week due to the lifting of Title 42，a Trump-era public health rule passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.（市长埃里克 亚当斯（Eric Adams）的政府警告说，由于第42条（Title 42）的取消，预计本周将有10至15辆巴士的移民抵达。第42条是特朗普时代为回应新冠肺炎疫情而通过的公共卫生规则。）和第二段 Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts on Monday temporarily blocked the Biden administration from ending the pandemic-era Title 42 immigration policy，leaving in doubt whether officials will continue to drive off migrants over concerns about public health risks.Title 42 is set to expire（期满）on Wednesday．（最高法院首席大法官约翰 罗伯茨（John Roberts）周一暂时阻止拜登政府结束疫情时代的第42条移民政策，令人怀疑官员们是否会出于对公共健康风险的担忧继续驱逐移民。第42条将于周三到期。）可知这么多移民应该到达纽约市，因为移民政策将不再有效。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段 Seeking to draw the Biden administration's attention to the growing immigrant crisis，Republican governors of border states such as Texas and Arizona have been shipping migrants to Democratic-controlled cities such as New York City，Philadelphia and Washington，DC.（为了吸引拜登政府对日益严重的移民危机的关注，得克萨斯州和亚利桑那州等边境州的共和党州长一直在将移民运往民主党控制的城市，如纽约市、费城和DC的华盛顿。）可知德克萨斯州可能是共和党控制的地方。故选D。
（3）猜测词义题。根据文章倒数第二段 Adams，who declared a state of emergency over the migrant influx in October，said in a statement on Sunday that if nothing changes and the policy expires，the cost of absorbing new migrants was unsustainable and could lead to cuts to existing city programs.（亚当斯在10月份宣布移民涌入进入紧急状态，他在周日的一份声明中表示，如果什么都不改变，政策到期，吸收新移民的成本是不可持续的，可能会导致现有城市项目的削减。）和最后一段Adams accused the federal government of ignoring the city's pleas for aid and accused Republicans and Democrats in Congress of failing to "raise their hand" to help.（亚当斯指责联邦政府无视该市的援助请求，并指责国会中的共和党人和民主党人未能"举手"提供帮助。）可知pleas for的意思是"请求，要求"。A.Supplies of.……的供应；B.Benefits of.……的好处；C.Rewards for.奖励给……；D.Demands for.对……的要求。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段Shortly after 6 am on Monday，buses carrying 200 immigrants rolled into Midtown Manhattan from Texas（周一早上6点过后不久，载有200名移民的巴士从德克萨斯州驶入曼哈顿中城）和最后一段Our shelter system is full，and we are nearly out of money，staff，and space.（我们的避难所系统已经满了，我们几乎没有资金、人员和空间。）可知本文主要讲述了纽约受到移民潮冲击这一问题。因此B.New York City hit by new immigrant flow.（新移民潮冲击纽约市。）是本文的最佳标题。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了纽约受到移民潮冲击这一问题。由于资源缺乏，亚当斯指责联邦政府无视该市的援助请求，并指责国会中的共和党人和民主党人未能"举手"提供帮助。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】G、D、F、A、E
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后文However，there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food，but it is so much sugar（然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致健康不佳的真正原因并不是太多的脂肪食品，而是太多的糖），可知表示"例如，科学家多年来一直坚持认为，健康的大敌是脂肪食品"的选项符合前后的转折关系，not so much fatty food是关键词，故选G。
（2）主题判断题。根据后文The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100 - 150 calories a day from sugar，which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar（普通美国人仅通过甜饮料就能获得1/3的糖。美国心脏协会建议我们每天摄入糖的热量限制在100-150卡路里以下，这比一罐甜饮料或一块糖果中通常含有的热量要少），可知表示"这些额外的糖大部分来自糖果和甜饮料"的选项D可以作为本段的主题，sweet drinks是关键词，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100 - 150 calories a day from sugar，which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar（普通美国人仅通过甜饮料就能获得1/3的糖。美国心脏协会建议我们每天摄入糖的热量限制在100-150卡路里以下，这比一罐甜饮料或一块糖果中通常含有的热量要少），可知表示"换句话说，如果你想保持健康，你必须减少甜点"的选项F可以承接上文并且提出建议，sweet drinks和desserts是关联词，故选F。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文Beyond this，you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods，especially fruit and vegetables，which are full of vitamins and fibre，rather than processed foods（除此之外，你可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康，尤其是富含维生素和纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品）；以及后文They have higher quantities of sugar，salt，and fat than fresh ingredients（它们的糖、盐和脂肪含量比新鲜的原料成分高），可知表示"加工食品通常含有较少的营养"的选项A可以承接上文，processed foods是关键词，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据主题句Finally，a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly（最后，健康饮食的一个基本关键是吃得慢）；以及后文It will also allow you to enjoy your food more（它还可以让你更享受你的食物），可知表示"慢慢吃也能让你的身体更好地消化食物"的选项E符合前后介绍慢慢吃饭的好处的语境，故选E。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了健康饮食的组成成分。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~40.【答案】D、B、A、C、A、D、B、C、A、A、B、D、C、A、B、C、C、A、D、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.interview面试；B.schedule时间表；C.responsibility责任；D.experience经历。根据后文She manages to（6）the war and（7）helps the people around her who are also （8）可知她设法在战争中幸存下来，并乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。说明这是一个关于9岁女孩莉赛尔 梅明格和她1939年在纳粹德国的经历的故事。故答案为D。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.struggles奋斗；B.disappears消失；C.remains仍然是；D.hesitates犹豫。根据下句and never returns and her brother dies.可知她的母亲失踪了，再也没有回来，她的哥哥死了。故答案为B。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.comes across偶然遇到；B.puts away收拾；C.turns over翻转；D.leaves behind落在后面。根据下句which becomes the first book she "steals".可知在路上，她偶然发现了一本名为《掘墓人手册》的书，这也成为她"偷"的第一本书。故答案为A。
（4）考查形容词和名词及语境理解。A.selfish自私的；B.narrow-minded思想狭隘的；C.kind-hearted好心的；D.wealth财富。根据下句who helps Liesel to read，and the 14 books she steals provide her with（5）comfort可知帮助莉赛尔阅读的是她善良的养父汉斯，她偷的14本书给了她无尽的安慰。故答案为C。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.endless无穷的；B.instant瞬间的；C.little小的；D.physical身体上的。帮助莉赛尔阅读的是她善良的养父汉斯，她偷的14本书给了她无尽的安慰。故答案为A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.enter进入；B.forget忘记；C.describe描述；D.survive幸存。根据下句（7）helps the people around her who are also （8）可知乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。说明她设法在战争中幸存了下来，故答案为D。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.sadly伤心地；B.readily准备好地；C.suddenly突然；D.unfortunately不幸地。她设法在战争中幸存下来，并乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。故答案为B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.travelling旅行；B.operating操控；C.suffering遭受；D.recovering恢复。根据空前helps the people around her可知乐于帮助她周围也在受苦的人们。故答案为C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.turned转向，翻转；B.tore撕开；C.covered覆盖；D.struck打击。当我翻开每一页时，我发现自己被作者创造的世界吸引住了。故答案为A。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.world世界；B.house房子；C.street路；D.geld货币。根据常识和空后created by the author可知我发现自己被作者创造的世界吸引住了。故答案为A。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.complaint抱怨；B.sorrow痛苦；C.delight高兴；D.regret后悔。根据下句as if I had the same experience as Liesel.可知淡淡的却挥之不去的悲伤让我屏住呼吸，仿佛我和莉赛尔有着同样的经历。故答案为B。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.position位置；B.record记录；C.view景色；D.breath呼吸。淡淡的却挥之不去的悲伤让我屏住呼吸，仿佛我和莉赛尔有着同样的经历。hold one's breath屏住呼吸。故答案为D。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make room for腾出空间；B.take advantage of利用；C.think back on回想一下；D.get rid of摆脱。根据下句what comes to mind is not the （14）of the Nazis or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation可知每当我回想起这本书，脑海中浮现的不是纳粹的疯狂，也不是面对非常困难和不利的局面时的绝望。故答案为C。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.madness疯狂；B.tiredness疲惫；C.sickness病；D.awareness意识。根据空后or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation可知脑海中浮现的不是纳粹的疯狂，也不是面对非常困难和不利的局面时的绝望。故答案为A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.literature 文学；B.humanity人性，善良；C.competition比赛；D.hardship困难。根据上句All I can think of is the resilience（韧性），sincerity可知我所能想到的，就是在这样一个极其残酷的时期，人类的韧性、真诚和善良。故答案为B。
（16）考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最后；B.initially最初地；C.extremely极其；D.slightly轻微地。根据前文It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger and her （1）in Nazi Germany in 1939可知这是一个关于9岁女孩莉赛尔 梅明格和她1939年在纳粹德国的经历的故事。说明这是一个极其残酷的时期。故答案为C。
（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.tolerate忍受；B.represent代表；C.support支持，养育；D.treat对待。根据前文Then she is sent to a foster family（寄养家庭） in a poor area of Munich可知然后她被送到慕尼黑一个贫困地区的寄养家庭。说明养父母养活自己不容易。故答案为C。
（18）考查动词及语境理解。A.abandoned放弃；B.observed观察；C.controlled控制；D.trained训练。根据前文Then she is sent to a foster family（寄养家庭） in a poor area of Munich可知然后她被送到慕尼黑一个贫困地区的寄养家庭。说明她被抛弃了。故答案为A。
（19）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.for fear that害怕；B.in order that为了；C.even if即使；D.as long as只要。这些细节都让我觉得，只要我们把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望中，我们依然有能力走向眼前最光明的未来。故答案为D。
（20）考查形容词及语境理解。A.similar相似的；B.precious珍贵的；C.serious严重的；D.natural自然的。根据下句we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us.可知只要我们把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望中，我们依然有能力走向眼前最光明的未来。故答案为B。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者通过读《The Book Thief》这本书，学会了一个道理：只要我们把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望中，我们依然有能力走向眼前最光明的未来。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
41.【答案】【小题1】kept/being kept
【小题2】announcement
【小题3】approaches
【小题4】Presently
【小题5】making
【小题6】were donated
【小题7】talented
【小题8】which
【小题9】in
【小题10】the
【解析】（1）考查过去分词或现在分词的被动语态。句意：在出土一个多世纪后，保存在江苏省一所顶尖大学的数百块甲骨文现在有机会被破解，这要归功于一个新的学术项目。此处为非谓语动词作定语，hundreds of pieces of oracle bones与keep之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语；也看作目前动作正在进行，用现在分词的被动语态形式作后置定语。故填kept/being kept。
（2）考查可数名词的单数。句意：11月初，位于省会的南京大学宣布启动对商朝晚期（公元前16世纪至公元前11世纪）遗骨的全面研究和分类工作。结合句意和an可知，此处用名词的单数形式，故填announcement。
（3）考查可数名词的复数。句意：通过传统的墨迹拓片和数字化方法，系统的记录这些作品也将开始。approach表示"方式，方法"，为可数名词，与ink rubbings并列作宾语，用其复数形式。故填approaches。
（4）考查副词。句意：目前，南京大学博物馆收藏了约600件甲骨文，是中国高校中仅次于北京大学和清华大学的第三大甲骨文馆藏。此处用副词作状语修饰句子，首字母需大写。故填Presently。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：目前，南京大学博物馆收藏了约600件甲骨文，是中国高校中仅次于北京大学和清华大学的第三大甲骨文馆藏。此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与make之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填making。
（6）考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：一些甲骨是由美国汉学家、南京大学的校长John Calvin Ferguson捐赠的，Nanking大学是南京大学的前身，成立于1952年。结合句意可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，主语为Some of the bones，谓语动词用复数形式，且与donate之间为被动关系，故填were donated。
（7）考查形容词。句意："然而，由于缺乏足够多的有才华的学者，对这些骨头的详细研究很长一段时间都没有开始。"史说。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词scholars，故填talented。
（8）考查定语从句。句意：这些发现大多来自河南省安阳殷墟遗址，不仅证明了商代的历史不仅仅是神话，而且还表明了中国语言的起源，因为今天的书面文字可以追溯到铭文。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为findings，在从句中作主语，故填which。
（9）考查介词。句意：由于甲骨文的重要地位，对甲骨文文字解码的相关研究受到了很大的要求。in high demand表示"需求量很大"，固定搭配。故填in。
（10）考查冠词。句意：散落的甲骨文碎片于19世纪90年代末首次出现在安阳附近。表示"在19世纪90年代"应用in the1890s。故填the。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是在出土一个多世纪后，保存在江苏省一所顶尖大学的数百块甲骨文现在有机会被破解，这要归功于一个新的学术项目。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】Last Friday was the day where I watched the event of the Textbook Drama Performances held in the hall of our school in the evening.The wholly school watched the performances.During the event，the students from 15 classes acted out those famous story from the textbooks，was including Romeo and Juliet，As You Like It and so on.After the performances，all the students sing high praise for the actors and actresses but said that they learnt a lot from the event.
My favorite performance is Romeo and Juliet.I am touched by the beautiful love between themselves.I think this event is ∧great significance to us.It lets us knowing more about the famous works of the world and increases our interested in English literature.
【详解】
1.考查定语从句。句意：上周五是我晚上在学校大厅观看教科书戏剧表演的日子。此处为定语从句，先行词为the day，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故将where改为when。
2.考查形容词。句意：全校师生都观看了表演。修饰名词school应用形容词whole。故将wholly改为whole。
3.考查可数名词的复数。句意：在活动中，来自15个班的学生表演了教科书中的著名故事，包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《皆大欢喜》等。结合句意此处的story应用复数形式stories。故将story改为stories。
4.考查介词。句意：在活动中，来自15个班的学生表演了教科书中的著名故事，包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《皆大欢喜》等。including为介词，所以was多余。故将was删掉。
5.考查动词时态。句意：表演结束后，所有的学生都对男女演员给予了高度赞扬，并表示他们从这次活动中学到了很多东西。结合句意动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故将sing改为sang。
6.考查连词。句意：表演结束后，所有的学生都对男女演员给予了高度赞扬，并表示他们从这次活动中学到了很多东西。结合句意前后两句句意为顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故将but改为and。
7.考查代词。句意：我最喜欢的表演是《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。我被他们之间美丽的爱情所感动。结合句意及句中介词between可知应将themselves改为them。故将themselves改为them。
8.考查介词。句意：我认为这件事对我们意义重大。be of great significance 意为"非常有意义"，固定搭配。故在great之前加of。
9.考查固定搭配。句意：它让我们更多地了解世界名著，增加了我们对英国文学的兴趣。let sb do意为"让某人做某事"，故将knowing该为know。
10.考查不可数名词。句意：它让我们更多地了解世界名著，增加了我们对英国文学的兴趣。increase one's interest 意为"增加某人的兴趣"，interest为不可数名词。故将interested改为interest。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者上周在学校大厅观看教科书戏剧表演的经历。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。
43.【答案】A conflict between people is common in everyday life.During the football game，Tom and I tried to catch the ball and then there was a horible quarrel. （事情是如何发生的）To be honest，we both were to blame.We were not calm enough and both said something really mean.Besides，I think that we care too much about winning and losing，leaving friendship and unity aside.【高分句型一】（为什么会发生冲突）
Facing such conflicts，we should be kind，which is essential to enjoy a harmonious campus life. 【高分句型二】It is also a virtue to forgive and forget.Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and try to be considerate to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.（如何能够避免冲突）
【解析】高分句型一：Besides，I think that we care too much about winning and losing，leaving friendship and unity aside.
译文：此外，我认为我们太在乎输赢，把友谊和团结抛在一边。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语leaving friendship and unity aside作状语。
高分句型二：Facing such conflicts，we should be kind，which is essential to enjoy a harmonious campus life.
译文：面对这样的冲突，我们应该友善，这对于享受和谐的校园生活至关重要。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语Facing such conflicts作状语；which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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