专题二十 词汇运用—2023年中考英语一轮复习专题练习（含解析）

专题二十 词汇运用
一、语篇型词语运用
1、阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,在下面的空格中填入与文章意思最符合的单词,并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上,每空一词。
The bright light of city living almost covers the starlight shining overhead. It makes most people fail to notice the fascinating natural beauty. Let's take a look at how the universe may appear if all the lights on the Earth are turned off.
Every year, Earth Hour is celebrated on the last Saturday of March when millions of people across the world choose to turn off their lights from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm. It has become an international event since 2007. Although that effort may seem small, it has provided strong support for drawing the world's attention to the threats(威胁) we are creating for ourselves.
100 times less efficient(有效率的) than the modern light bulbs, candles would be the only choice for lights left. However, they produce CO2, too. Because of their weak light, it's quite possible that you would need to light one more, increasing CO2, once again.
The coal-driven power stations would, no doubt, produce less CO2 during that dark hour. However, when everyone turns their lights back on after the dark hour and you have "done your part", the power stations would actually feel the heat. The sudden increase in the demand for electricity would force them to burn more coal to meet people's needs.
Even more CO2 will be put into the air in both cases , which would begin producing more heat in the lower reaches people around the world to understand the importance of environmental protection , it's necessary for us to realize how important it is to apply an educational way to every step we take. Moreover, a better approach(方法) to this situation is to use such products carefully at all times.
Background
The bright light of city living makes us fail to notice the beautiful ①_______.
Introduction
It is held on the last Saturday of March. People are encouraged to turn off the lights for one hour. It has greatly helped to ②_______ the world's attention to the threats people are creating. Facts Candles produce CO2 as well. When you use the candles with weak light, you'll ③_______ need to light one more, which will increase CO2 once again. Though less CO2 would be produced during the dark hour, there is a sudden increase in the demand for electricity. ④_______ that, coal-driven power station have to burn more coals meet people 's needs.
Conclusion
Although Earth Hour is helpful for people to understand how ⑤_______ environmental protection is, we should realize how important it is to apply an educational way to every step we take.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
One day the sun and the wind had a quarrel (争吵). The sun said he was ① s______ than the wind. And the wind said he was stronger than the sun. Just then they saw a man walking down below, ② w______ a hat and a coat on. The sun said, "Let's see who can make the man ③ t______ off his hat and the coat. If you can do that ④ m______ quickly than I, then you are the stronger."
"All right," said the wind, "I'll try ⑤f______." So the wind began to blow. But the ⑥h______ he blew, the tighter the man held his hat and coat. The wind ⑦c______ not make him take them off.
Then the sun ⑧t______. It shone quietly. Soon the man took off his hat and wiped (擦) his forehead (前额). The sun began to ⑨s______ a little more brightly, and the man took off his coat. It shone harder still, and the man began to take off his shirt. Then the wind said to the sun, "That's ⑩e______. You are stronger than I."
3、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
I'm Sandy. I come from the UK. People in my country love ① t_____ about the weather.
When you visit our country, people usually take an ②u_____ with them even on a sunny morning. That's ③b_____ weather in the UK changes very often. We often experience four ④s_____ in just one day. In the morning, the weather is ⑤w_____ just like in spring. Soon black clouds come and it rains ⑥h_____. The weather gets a little cold In the afternoon it will be ⑦s_____ again. The sun will ⑧s_____, and it will be like in summer. We also have summer in winter and have winter in summer. So sometimes we can ⑨s_____ in winter. Sometimes, in summer, we have to wear warm clothes.
Why don't you come to visit our country and experience the interesting ⑩w_____
4、阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Yancheng National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu was ① s_____ up in 1983. More than three million wild birds live there all year ② r_____. People can visit the wetland any time, but they mustn't fish or hunt there. ③ S_____, some people killed wild animals in both Yancheng and ④ o_____ nature reserves in the past years. Once, five young men wanted to kill wild ducks ⑤ w_____ poisonous (有毒的) food and ⑥ s_____ them for money. The police caught two of them when they came back days later ⑦ t_____ pick up the dead ducks. Soon people ⑧ t_____ away all the poisonous food from the reserve. Ten people stayed at that place and ⑨s_____ birds from getting there. ⑩H_____, at last, the poisonous food killed about 200 wild ducks.
5、根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使短文内容完整正确。
in danger, nearly, nature reserves, tries its best, popular
The Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN,国际自然保护联盟) records the world's species(物种) and points out which ones are going to extinct(灭绝).Since 1990s, the giant panda has been ①_____. Now its status(危险等级) has been lowered to vulnerable (脆弱的). Researcher's believe there are now ②_____ 2,000 giant pandas left in the wilds of China. The number of pandas was 1,600 in 2003 and 1,200 in the 1980s.
The number of pandas is becoming larger because China ③_____ to save the cute animals. Since 1958, China has built ④_____ for pandas. There they are safe and enjoy enough fresh bamboo. China has also welcomed other foreign organizations that wish to study pandas. The first such visit was in 1979 by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF,世界自然基金会). Its world-famous logo made the animal ⑤_____ all over the world.
"The recovery of the panda shows that when science, politics and local communities come together, we can save wildlife," WWF Director General Marco Lambertini told CNN.
6、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文内容完整、正确。
The giant panda ①_____ (love) by people all over the world Chinese scientists ②_____ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very ③_____ (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ④_____ (eat). She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked(舔) the baby to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural ⑤_____ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. When it cried, she rocked it and ⑥_____ (give) it little soft pats. The mother continued to care for more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed ⑦_____ (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest Then, two and a half years ⑧_____ (late), the mother ⑨_____ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her ⑩_____ (have) a new baby.
二、句子翻译
7.活跃的孩子一般都有许多狂野的想法。
In general, an active kid has many _____ _____ _____ _____.
8.我不知道如何提高我的阅读速度。
I don't know _____ _____ _____ my reading speed.
9.抱歉, 我错拿了你的雨伞。
Sorry, I took your umbrella ______ ______.
10.老师没有惩罚那些调皮的男孩, 而是耐心地对待他们。
The teacher treated the naughty boys patiently ______ ______ ______ ______.
11.父母应该给青少年自己做决定的机会。
Parents should give teenagers chances to .
12.我的闹钟没有响！我一直在睡觉，当我醒来时已经8点了。
My alarm clock didn’t ! I kept ，and when I up， it was already 8 ： 00 a.m.
13.春节前人们去超市买许多东西,比如食物、衣服和日用品。
People _______ _______ _______ many things before the Spring Festival, such as food, clothes and daily things.
14.必须阻止工厂向江河湖泊排放污水。
_____ must be stopped from pouring _____ water into rivers and lakes.
15.一场大雪阻止了我们出行。
A heavy snow _____ _____ _____ going outside.
答案以及解析
一、语篇型词汇运用
1、答案：①. nature ②. draw ③. possibly/probably ④. After ⑤. important
解析：
本文主要讲述了我们要保护生态环境以及保护环境的方法。
①.【答案】nature【解析】题干意为“The bright light of city living makes us fail to notice the beautiful 。城市生活的明亮灯光使我们无法注意到美丽的 。”根据文章第一段第二句“It makes most people fail to notice the fascinating natural beauty.(这使大多数人无法注意到迷人的自然的美丽。)”可知,城市生活使我们无法注意到美丽的自然,故该空应为名词,答案为nature。
②.【答案】draw【解析】题干意为“It has greatly helped to the world's attention to the threats we are creating.它已经为 世界的注意力于我们制造的威胁上有很大帮助。”根据文章第二段第二句“Although that effort may seem small, it has provided strong support for drawing the world's attention to the threats we are creating for ourselves.(即使那影响看起来很小,但是它会为集中世界的注意于我们正制造的威胁上提供更强的支持。)”可知,该空考察短语“draw one's attention to”意为“集中某人的注意力于……”,由于空前有短语“help to do(帮助做)”,该空应填动词原形,故该题答案为draw。
③.【答案】probably/possibly【解析】题干意为“When you use the candles with weak light, you'll need to light one more, which will increase CO2 once again.当你使用蜡烛微弱的灯光时,你将 需要点亮更多,将会再次增加二氧化碳。”根据文章第三段最后一句“Because of their weak light, it's quite possible that you would need to light one more, increasing CO2 once again.(因为他们微弱的光,有很大可能你需要去点亮更多,再次增加了CO2。)”可知,有很大可能需要点亮更多蜡烛,由于该空前为助动词,故该空答案为副词,答案可以为probably或possibly。
④.【答案】After【解析】题干意为“ that, coal-driven power stations have to burn more coals to meet people's needs. 那,煤驱动动力站需要燃烧更多的煤来满足人们的需求。”根据文章第四段最后一句“The sudden increase in the demand for electricity would force them to burn more coal to meet people's needs.(对电力需求的突然增加会使他们燃烧更多的煤来满足人们的需求。)”可知,在电力需求增加后,他们会燃烧更多煤,故该空应意为……之后,为介词,首字母大写,该空答案为After。
⑤.【答案】important【解析】题干意为“Although Earth Hour is helpful for people to understand how environmental protection is, we should realize how important it is to apply an educational way to every step we take.即使地球小时对人们理解环境保护多 很有帮助,但是我们应该理解我们应用教育方式的每一步有多重要。”根据文章第五段第二句“Although Earth Hour is worth the greatest respect for helping people around the world to understand the importance of environmental protection,(即使地球小时对帮助世界的人们理解环境保护的重要性有很大价值)”可知,地球小时对人们理解环境保护多重要很有帮助,该空应填形容词,意为重要的,故该题答案为important。
2、答案：①stronger ②with ③take ④more ⑤first ⑥harder ⑦could ⑧tried ⑨shine ⑩enough
解析：①考查形容词的用法。根据后文"And the wind said he was stronger than the sun"可知，太阳说他比风更强壮。空缺处后面有than，因此需要填入一个形容词的比较级，表示"更强壮的"，用stronger。故答案为 stronger。
②考查介词的用法。根据句意可知，正当那时他们看到一位男士在下面走，戴着一顶帽子并穿着一件外套。结合空缺处，可知此处需要填入一个介词，with表示"带着，有……的"，故答案为with。
③考查动词的用法。句意：让我们看看谁能让那位男士脱掉他的帽子和外套。 take off是固定搭配，意为"脱掉"。且根据 make sb do sth（让某人做某事）可知填动词原形take。
④考查比较级的用法。句意：如果你可以比我更快做到，那你就更加强壮。空格后面有than，空格处要用比较级。 quickly的比较级需要在它前面加上more。故答案为more。
⑤考查副词的用法。根据" So the wind began to blow"可知，风先来尝试了。空缺处需要填入一个副词，表示"首先"，用 first。故答案为 first。
⑥考查副词的用法。句意：但是他吹得越厉害，那位男士就把他的帽子和外套裹得越紧。固定结构"the+比较级，the+比较级"表示"越……越……"，所以需要填入一个副词的比较级，表示"吹得越厉害"，故答案为 harder。
⑦考查情态动词的用法。句意：风不能让他脱掉它们。此处要填入情态动词can，表示"能"，时态是一般过去时，所以应填过去式could。故答案为 could。
⑧考查动词的用法。句意：然后太阳尝试了，他安静地闪耀着光芒。此空需要填入一个动词，表示"尝试"，用try；时态是一般过去时态，所以用 tried。故答案为 tried。
⑨考查动词的用法。句意：太阳闪耀着更耀眼的光芒，然后这位男士就脱掉了他的外套。此处需要填入一个动词，表示"照耀，闪耀"。且根据" begin to do sth（开始做某事）"可知用原形。故答案为shine。
⑩考查形容词的用法。句意：那就足够了，你比我更强壮。此处需要填入一个形容词，且以e开头，故填 enough，表示"足够的"。故答案为 enough。
3、答案：①talking ②umbrella ③because ④seasons ⑤warm ⑥heavily/hard ⑦sunny ⑧shine ⑨swim⑩weather
解析：①英国人喜欢谈论天气。love后面用动名词。
②由于英国天气变化无常，即使天气晴朗，人们也会带一把雨伞。
③因为天气变化无常，人们才会随时都带着雨伞。
④人们会在一天内经历四个季节。
⑤根据该句后面的 in spring可知，这里是说，像春天那样温暖。
⑥句中的rain用作动词，要用一个副词来修饰。rain heavily/hard表示"下大雨"。
⑦这里是说，雨过天晴。
⑧句意：阳光灿烂，就像来到了夏天。
⑨句意：天气就像来到夏天，夏天是可以游泳的。
⑩句意：为何不来英国经历这有趣的天气
4、答案：①set ②round ③Sadly ④other ⑤with ⑥sell ⑦to ⑧took ⑨stopped ⑩However
解析：①be set up是被动语态，表示"被建设；被设置"。
②all year round是固定短语，意为"全年"。
③人们捕杀鸟儿是一件令人难过的事情。 sadly是副词，意为"悲伤地、遗憾地。"
④不法者不仅仅在盐城国家自然保护区捕杀鸟类，也在其他自然保护区捕杀动物。 other是形容词，意为"其他的"。
⑤有毒的食品是不法捕猎者用来捕杀鸟类的工具。with表示"用……"。故填with。
⑥该句中的" for money"意为"换钱"，故此空填sell(出售)。
⑦当偷猎者几天后回来取死去的野鸭时，其中两个人被警察抓住了。动词不定式to用来表示"目的"。
⑧take sth away from表示"将……从……拿走"。根据前面一句的时态来判断，这里也用一般过去时。
⑨stop sb from doing sth表示"阻止某人做某事"。前面一个谓语动词用的是一般过去时，故stop也用一般过去时。故填stopped。
⑩句意：但是，最后毒药还是杀死了200只野鸭。此处表示转折。且根据此空后的逗号可知填 however，注意句首单词要大写。
5、答案：①in danger ②nearly ③tries its best ④nature reserves ⑤popular
解析：①句意：自从二十世纪九十年代，大熊猫一直处于危险中。in danger意为"处于危险中"。
②根据句子结构来判断，此处要用一个副词。 nearly adv.将近。句意：中国现在仅存将近2000只大熊猫。
③分析句子结构可知，此处要用一个谓语动词。句意：熊猫的数量在增长，是因为中国尽了最大努力来保护它们。
④build是一个及物动词，后面要用一个名词或代词来作宾语。句意：自从1958年，中国为熊猫建造了自然保护区。
⑤ "make sth/sb+adj."是一个固定结构，意为"使……怎么样"。句意：这种图标使熊猫变得流行起来。
6、答案：①is loved ②recently ③careful ④to eat ⑤enemies ⑥gave ⑦its ⑧later ⑨drove ⑩to have
解析：①句意：熊猫被全世界的人喜爱。此处缺少谓语动词，主语是单数名词；讲述的是一般的情况，用一般现在时；主语 panda和love之间是被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动形式 is loved。故答案为is loved。
②句意：中国的科学家最近有机会研究野生雌性大熊猫和新出生的小熊猫。用副词修饰动词had，此处用 recently表示"最近"。故答案为 recently。
③句意：她是一个很细心的妈妈。名词前用形容词修饰，根据下文她对小熊猫无微不至地照顾可知，她是一个很细心的妈妈。careful表示"细心的"。故答案为 careful。
④句意：25天，她从不离开她的宝宝，甚至不找吃的东西。不定代词 something后面用动词不定式 to eat作定语修饰，表示"吃的东西"。故答案为 to eat。
⑤句意：任何气味都可能会引来天敌吃掉小熊猫。形容词natural后面用名词，此处用复数名词 enemies表示"敌人们"。故答案为 enemies。
⑥句意：当它哭泣时，她会摇晃它，并温柔地轻拍它。根据 cried可知此处用一般过去时；give变成过去式gave。故答案为gave。
⑦句意：到那时，熊猫不再需要它的母亲喂食了。名词 mother前用形容词性物主代词its修饰，表示"它的母亲"。故答案为its。
⑧句意：接着，两年半之后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶走。此处表示时间状语，用副词 later表示"两年半之后"。故答案为 later。
⑨句意：接着，两年半之后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶走。此处讲述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，此处用 drove表示"赶走"。故答案为drove。
⑩句意：是她生新生儿的时候了。此次表达"是某人做某事的时候了"，用It's time for sb to do sth句型。此处用动词不定式to have。故答案为 to have。
二、句子翻译
7.答案：wild and crazy thoughts
8.答案：how to increase
9.答案：by mistake
解析：本题考查固定词组by mistake。
10.答案：instead of punishing them
11.答案：1. make 2. their 3. own 4. decisions
12.答案：go off; sleeping; woke
13.答案：go shopping for
14.答案：Factories; polluted
15.答案：stopped us from
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