专题十八 阅读理解—2023年中考英语一轮复习专题练习（含解析）

专题十八 阅读理解
一、
I have a neighbor we call "Happy". I have never seen her angry at anything and never heard her say a harsh word to anyone or about anyone.
Happy and her husband Ben, 70, have a huge garden. They spent many happy hours together working on it. Most of the neighbors watched interestingly as Ben doubled the size of their garden. As the cost of food climbed faster than Ben's beans, we all wished we also had such a large garden. As the rest of us spent our dollars at the market, Happy could be seen picking beans in her back yard.
Last month, Happy and Ben invited most of the neighborhood over for an "all-day food festival". We were told to bring gloves and arrive very early in the morning. We didn't know what was about to take place.
By 9:00 am, there were nine of us in the garden picking tomatoes, beans, okra, and squash. By 10:00 am, there was lots of laughter. We shared a lot of stories. By five o'clock, everyone was a little drunk from the wine and beer. After dinner, we played games. As we were leaving, Happy and Ben handed each of us a shopping bag filled with the bounty of the day, already packaged and frozen. What a delightful gift!
Well, the point wasn't so much about the food. The true gift was a day of friends enjoying one another's company. None of it would have happened if it had been for Happy and Ben's garden. Now they have a blog about gardening in case we decided to plant a garden. And I am so proud of my tomato plants!
1.According to paragraph 2, people wished they also had a garden so that ______.
A.they could grow vegetables and sell at the market
B.they could invite their neighbors and hold parties in it
C.they didn't have to spend so much money on food
2.Which of the following is the same as the underlined word "bounty"
A.Present. B.Kindness. C.Happiness.
3.For what purpose did Happy and Ben invite the neighbors to their garden
A.To ask them to attend a birthday party
B.To help them to sell vegetables.
C.To let them enjoy what they grew in the garden.
4.What did the writer most probably think of the time he spent in the garden
A.He thought it was too short but enjoyable.
B.He thought it was wonderful.
C.He thought it was not as good as he thought.
5.We can infer that _______.
A.Happy and her husband Ben sometimes quarrel with each other
B.Happy and her husband Ben are a generous and warm-hearted couple
C.Happy and her husband Ben live on the food they grow in their garden
二、
Culture UK: Bristol
Chocolate!
The first chocolate bar in the world was created in Fry's, a company in Bristol. Joseph Fry invented the delicious treat around the year 1720.Fry's also produced the first chocolate Easter egg in the UK in 1873. The company continues to produce chocolates and sweets to this day.
The Balloon Festival
The Bristol Belle was the first modem hot-air balloon in Western Europe and was developed and built in 1967. The Bristol International Balloon Festival is held every summer in the city, and is Europe's biggest hot-air balloon event.
Music
According to a new study, Bristol is the UK's most musical place, with the largest number of musicians among the population. It's well known for giving birth to the trip hop scene in the 1990s. The multicultural (多元文化的) society has really influenced the sounds of the Bristol music scene.
Famous people
J.K. Rowling
J.K. Rowling was born and brought up in Chipping Sodbury, just outside Bristol. It is said that she invented her famous character Harry Potter after meeting a young boy named Ian Potter in the village where she grew up.
Banksy
Banksy is a graffiti artist born in Bristol. He is famous all over the world for his street art. Some of his pieces have been sold for hundreds of thousands of pounds. Many Hollywood pop stars and famous people love to collect his work.
1.What does Fry's produce
__________________________
2.What can people see every summer in the sky of Bristol
__________________________
3.When was the trip hop scene born
__________________________
4.Is Ian Potter a fictional character or a real person
__________________________
5.What is Banksy well-known for
__________________________
三、
Talking to yourself doesn't mean you're crazy. It's probable that you are talking to yourself throughout the day whether you're aware of it or not—like "I'm going to be late!''. If you speak such sentences, you're doing something great—there are actually lots of benefits of talking to yourself.
It's confirmed that expressing some inner thoughts openly can actually lead to greater self-awareness and is something we should start doing. Lisa Ferentz, a social worker and psychotherapist, employs this practice most often when it comes to helping her patients develop a positive outlook on themselves and the day ahead. "There's nothing more important than the way we talk to ourselves because inner monologues (独白) inform all our thoughts, emotional states and behavioral choices," she says. If you're always critical, judgmental, or facing everything with a negative attitude, you're making it pretty hard for yourself to see positive things.
A good way to be in a healthy mental state is to think about something that you're grateful for, your own strengths, and positive affirmations to cheer yourself up; then stand in front of a mirror and say those things out loud. If you feel silly, don't give up. Once you begin to practice, you will find it's quite easy. It is guiding us whether we're aware of it or not. In fact, one study by the University of Lethbridge showed that students who were taught how to conduct positive self-talk were able to change their perspectives, attitudes and reactions. Sure enough, talking to yourself is one of the signs that you're actually smarter than you think.
It doesn't mean you can't express your frustration. There's a place for positive self-talk. Similarly, there's a place for negative self-talk if you do it the right way. "There's definitely value of understanding what you're feeling whether it's positive or negative," says Ferentz. "Bringing the negative thing you're thinking about it to the surface then gives you the opportunity to re-evaluate it." Once you voice what's worrying you, try asking yourself if it's helpful to keep thinking about it or if it's something you can let go of.
So next time you hold a small conversation with yourself, don't worry. It's perfectly OK. In fact, science approves of it!
1. Ferentz often asks her patients to _____.
A. share their thoughts with others B. say something critical
C. develop a positive outlook D. choose the way they talk
2. The underlined words "positive affirmations" mentioned in Paragraph 3 are probably "_____".
A. natural behaviors B. encouraging words
C. strong belief D. lasting support
3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. The types of self-talk. B. The ways to talk to yourself.
C. The influence of negative thoughts. D. The benefit of expressing negative thoughts.
4. What might be the best title for the passage
A. Talking to Yourself Is Actually a Different Thing
B. Expressing Your Unhappiness Is Truly a Helpful Thing
C. Voicing Your Opinions Is Really a Courageous Thing
D. Having Conversations with Yourself Is Indeed a Good Thing
四、
A whooping crane is a large white North American crane famous for its loud call.
You may weigh more than a whooping crane, but maybe you aren't taller than one! Whooping cranes can grow up to five feet tall. It makes them the tallest birds in North America. But even as tall as they are, whooping cranes weigh only about 15 pounds, because of their hollow(空心的) bones.
WHAT'S FOR DINNER
Whooping cranes live in wetlands, wet prairies, and fields. They're not picky(挑剔的) about their meals— they have a mixed diet and eat small fish, and insects, as well as grains and marsh plants.
CALL OF THE WILD
Whooping cranes really like to "whoop it up" when they want to attract a mate (伙伴). They call loudly and do what might look like a crazy dance to be eye-catching. They flap their wings, and move their heads from side to side quickly, jumping up and down.
A SPECIAL TRICK
These cranes are in danger, but scientists have used some very interesting tricks to help them stay alive. At first, they moved one group of cranes to Florida, but the cranes never learned to migrate(迁徙). When they got to Florida, they didn't know how to fly back home. Scientists did all they could do to make the number of the cranes larger, so they used a special trick with another Florida group of cranes. Scientists "taught" the younger cranes to migrate by having them follow a very light airplane from Florida to Wisconsin. After the cranes gave birth to their babies in Florida, they'd follow the plane back to Wisconsin!
Some whooping cranes stay in Florida all year round, some fly from Florida to Wisconsin, and others fly from Texas to Canada and back again each year.
Whooping Cranes
① ______ areas A whooping crane is from North America.
Looks ▲Whooping cranes can be five feet in ②______. ▲They weigh only about 15 pounds ③______ their bones are hollow.
Food They ④______ on small fishes, insects, grains and plants.
Qualities To catch a mate's eyes, whooping cranes use a ⑤______ voice, they also flap their wings and ⑥______ their heads quickly.
Fun facts ▲ Scientists moved one group of cranes to Florida, but they were not ⑦______ to fly back. ▲ Scientists wanted to have ⑧______ cranes through hard work. ▲ Scientists used a plane to ⑨______ the younger birds from Florida to Wisconsin. ▲ Some whooping cranes stay in Florida all year round, while ⑩______ migrate each year.
五、
Xu Yuanchong was born on April 18, 1921 in Jiangxi, China. He is best known for translating Chinese poems into English and French. He majored in English at university. In 1948, he went abroad to study at University of Paris, where he mastered French. He has been a professor at Peking University since 1983.
Xu's mother was well-educated and good at painting. She had a great influence on Xu in his pursuit (追求) of beauty and literature. His uncle Xiong Shiyi was a translator, who translated the play Wang Baochuan and Xue Pinggui into English, which was a hit in the UK. Xiong's achievement made Xu interested in learning English. In 1939, he translated his first work, Lin Huiyin's poem Don't Cast Away, which was published in the Literary Translation News.
Thirty poems translated by Xu were selected as teaching materials by foreign universities. In 1994, British publishing company Penguin published Xu Yuanchong's 300 China's Immortal Poems(《中国不朽诗三百首》).It was the first time the company had published an English translation by a Chinese translator. Besides translating Chinese poems into foreign languages, Xu Yuanchong also translated many of the English and French classics into Chinese. Xu won the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation in 2010.
Now, at the age of 96, Xu is still working hard on translating. He said, "I start my work at 3: 30 in the morning because I like doing what I like."
1.What is Xu Yuanchong famous for
_________________________
2.Who had a great influence on Xu Yuanchong
_________________________
3.When did Xu Yuanchong translate his first work
_________________________
4.What were selected as teaching materials by foreign universities
_________________________
5.Why is Xu Yuanchong still working hard on translating
_________________________
六、
根据内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever seen a squid(乌贼) before Maybe you have seen one on television. ①_____ There are a lot of fantastic things to know about squids. Let's take a closer look together!
Squids belong to a group of ocean animals called "mollusks(软体动物)". ②_____ Their bodies are very soft. Squids' bodies are long, but their heads are very short. Around its mouth, there are eight arms and two long tentacles(触须).
Do you know where squids live Well, squids live in both water and fresh water. They like to live quite deep in the ocean. Some can be found more than 13,000 feet (3,962 metres) deep. ③_____
Do you know what squids eat Squids are carnivores (肉食动物). ④_____ They eat lots of fish. Sometimes they even eat smaller squids.
⑤_____ No matter what their size is or what they eat, the average lifespan(平均寿命) of a squid is only about three to five years.
Scientists have discovered more than 300 types of squids. There could be as many as 200 more types that we still have to discover.
A.That means they only eat meat.
B.Or you may have seen it in a big forest.
C.That's because squids do not have bones.
D.They eat hundreds of tons of fish except squids.
E.You may have even seen one in the ocean on a family vacation.
F.You might be surprised to know that squids do not live a very long life.
G.But sometimes they like to swim in shallow waters, or even along the coast.
七、
Mr. Black is from England. He and his wife(妻子) are teachers. They teach English in Shanghai. They have a boy and a girl. They are John and Lucy. John is a middle school student, but Lucy is not. She is only six.
They have two bikes. One is big, and the other(另一个) is small. The big one is for John. The small one is for Lucy. On Sundays(周日), sometimes(有时) they are at home, sometimes they go to the parks. They like China. They have some Chinese friends.
根据短文内容,判断句子正(T)、误(F)。
1.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black are English teachers.
2.They have a son and a daughter.
3.John isn’t a student because he is only six years old.
4.The small bike is for John, and the big one is for his sister.
5.They have no friends in China.
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B; 5.B
解析：1.根据第二段As the cost of food climbed faster than Ben’s beans, we all wished we also had such a large garden. As the rest of us spent our dollars at the market, Happy could be seen picking beans in her back yard.描述,可知人们主要是想节约买食物的钱,故选C。
2.联系前文描述,可知这个购物袋里面装有给我们的礼物,故选A,礼物。
3.根据短文第四段描述,可知他们主要是让邻居来分享他们在花园中种植的东西,故选C。
4.根据最后一段Well, the point wasn’t so much about the food. The true gift was a day of friends enjoying one another’s company. None of it would have happened if it had been for Happy and Ben’s garden.描述,可知他认为在这个花园里面度过的时光好极了。故选B。
5.根据短文第四段描述,可知这对夫妇是慷慨热心的人,故选B。
二、
答案：1.Chocolates and sweets.
2.Hot-air balloons.
3.In the 1990s.
4.A real person./He is a real person.
5.His street art.
解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段中“The company continues to produce chocolates and sweets to this day.”知, Fry's公司生产巧克力糖和糖果。
2.细节理解题。由第二段中“The Bristol International Balloon Festival is held every summer in the city, and is Europe's biggest hot-air balloon event.”可知每年夏天布里斯托尔的天空中有热气球。
3.细节理解题。由第三段中“It's well known for giving birth to the trip hop scene in the 1990s.”知,二十世纪九十年代神游舞曲诞生了。
4.细节理解题。由第四段中“It is said that she invented her famous character Harry Potter after meeting a young boy named Ian Potter in the village where she grew up.”知, Ian Potter是实实在在的人。
5.细节理解题。由第五段中“Banksy...is famous all over the world for his street art.”知, Banksy 以其街头艺术而出名。
三、
答案：1-4 CBDD
解析：1.细节理解题。从第二段“Lisa Ferentz, a social worker and psychotherapist, employs this practice most often when it comes to helping her patients develop a positive outlook on themselves and the day ahead.”知, Ferentz在帮助她的病人形成对自身和未来的积极看法时,最常使用这种方法(与自己对话)。由此可推知, Ferentz经常要病人培养积极的态度。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。养成健康精神状态的好方法是去想那些你心存感激的东西、你的长处和令你振奋的正面认可。故选B。
3.主旨大意题。阅读第四段知,本段说的是表达并审视负面想法的好处。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是“与自己对话”的好处。故选D。
四、
答案：①Living ②height ③because ④live/feed ⑤loud ⑥move ⑦able ⑧more ⑨lead ⑩others
解析：①考查形容词。结合表格右面的信息阐述"鸣鹤来自北美"以及短文信息"A whooping crane is a large white North American crane famous for its loud call"可知，北美洲是鸣鹤的生息之地，结合空格后面的名词area，可知应填入形容词 living。living area表示"生活区域"。故答案为 Living。
②考查名词。根据短文信息"Whooping cranes can grow up to five feet tall"可知，五英尺是鸣鹤的高度；在介词in后应该填入名词。 in height表示"在高度方面"。故答案为height。
③考查连词。根据"But even as tall as they are, whooping cranes weigh only about 15 pounds, because of their hollow (空心的) bones"可知此句关键短语为"because of"，因为此空后为一个句子，故答案为 because。
④考查动词。根据题干可知需要填入谓语动词；根据短文"Whooping cranes live in wetlands, wet prairies, and fields. They're not picky (挑别的) about their meals—they have a mixed diet and eat small fish, and insects, as well as grains and marsh plants"可知小鱼、昆虫、谷物和植物都是鸣鹤的食物；所以，结合后面介词推知此空可填feed/live。live on和 feed on都表示"以……为生/为食"。故答案为live/feed。
⑤考查形容词。根据题干句意"为了引起伙伴的注意，鸣鹤用一种_______ 的声音鸣叫"可知，此处需要填入形容词，来说明声音；根据文中"They call loudly and do what might look like a crazy dance to be eye-catching"可知，它们要大声地叫。此处填 loudly的形容词形式loud。
⑥考查动词。根据短文"They flap their wings, and move their heads from side to side quickly, jump up and down"可知，应该填入动词move。故答案为move。
⑦考查形容词根据短文"When they got to Florida, they didn't know how to fly back home"可知，它们不知道怎么飞回去；此处didn't转化为了 were not able to。故答案为able。
⑧考查形容词。根据文章第五段中"Scientists did all they could do to make the number of the cranes larger..."可知，科学家们竭尽全力扩大鸣鹤的数量。根据空后的" cranes"可知，此处要填一个形容词。故填more。
⑨考查动词。根据 use sth to do sth.可知，此处需要填入动词原形。根据短文中"After the cranes gave birth to their babies in Florida, they'd follow the plane back to Wisconsin"可知，科学家用飞机作引导，让它们飞回去。lead表示"引导"，故答案为 lead。
⑩考查代词。根据短文中"some fly from Florida to Wisconsin, and others fly from Texas to Canada and back again each year"可知答案为 others。
五、
5.答案：1.Translating Chinese poems into English and French.
2.His mother.
3.In 1939.
4.Thirty poems translated by Xu Yuanchong.
5.Because he likes doing what he likes.
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He is best known for translating Chinese poems into English and French.”可知,许渊冲以翻译中国诗文而出名。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Xu's mother...She had a great influence on Xu in his pursuit of beauty and literature.”可知,许渊冲的母亲对其产生了很大的影响。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 1939, he translated his first work, Lin Huiyin's poem...”可知,1939年许渊冲翻译了林徽因的诗《别丢掉》。这是他最早的译作。
4.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thirty poems translated by Xu were selected as teaching materials by foreign universities.”可知,许渊冲的30首译诗被国外大学选为教学材料。
5.细节理解题。根据最后一句中“I start my work at 3:30 in the morning because I like doing what I like”可知,许渊冲每天早早地开始翻译工作是因为翻译是他喜欢做的事情。
六、
答案：ECGAF
解析：①上文问的是"你见过乌贼吗？"，然后提到"或许你在电视上见过"，那么E项"你可能在家庭度假的时间在海里见过"符合题意。
②上文谈到乌贼属于软体动物那么C项"那是因为乌贼没有骨头"是对上文提到的"软体动物"的解释。
③本段谈到乌贼的生活环境，故本空选择G项"但是有时它们喜欢在浅水里甚至沿着海边游泳"，与上文的" live quite deep in the ocean"相呼应。
④本段谈到乌贼都吃什么。A项"那意味着它们只吃肉"呼应上句中的"carnivores（肉食动物）"，故选A。
⑤根据下文的"the average lifespan（平均寿命）"可知，F项内容"你也许会对乌贼的寿命不长很惊讶"与其呼应。
七、
答案：TTFFF
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