(共31张PPT)
2023年春中考英语二轮复习
（一）名词
中考对于名词的考查主要侧重以下几点：
1.可数名词的复数。
2.不可数名词的量。
3.名词所有格的用法。
4.名词的句法作用。
5.词义辨析。
考查形式主要有：
单项选择、词形转换、词语辨析、翻译句子等题型。
。
名词 意 义 例 词
专有名词 表示特定的人.物.机构或场所等等的名词（首字母必须要大写） the Great Wall,London,Bill Gates
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示同类的人或物中的个体 apple,pupil,lion,desk
集体名词 表示若干人与物的总称 family,people,police,
committee
不可数名词 物质名词 表示物质与材料的总称 paper,water,air,cotton
抽象名词 表示动作.性质.状态或情感抽象概念的名称 birth,happiness,health,
technology
复合名词 由两个或两个以上的词构成的意义相对稳定的名词 bookshelf,highway,
passer-by
一、名词的分类
（1）单个专有名词的第一个字母要大写:在以普通名词和形容词等构成的专有名词里,除冠词、介词、连词外，其他词的第一个字母必须大写。
（2）有些名词既可做可数名词，又可做不可数名词,但意义不同。如glass“玻璃"(不可数),“玻璃杯”(可数).
注意
二、名词的数
构成方法 读 音 举 例
一般情况加s 清辅音后读/s/浊辅音读 /z/元音后读 /z/ map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加es 读/iz/ bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y 为i再加es 读/z/ baby---babies city-citiescountry-countries
以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。 读/z/ the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
以o结尾的名词有生命的加es 读/iz/ potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
以o结尾的名词无生命的加s 读/z/ photo---photos piano---pianos
以f或fe 结尾的名词,加s 读/s/ belief---beliefs roof---roofs gulf---gulfs
以f或fe 结尾的名词,改为v加es 读/iz/ half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
可数名词的规则变化
zero---zeros / zeroes
注意
但是以下单词有两种变化方法：
zero---zeros
zero---zeroes
handkerchief--- handkerchiefs
handkerchief---handkerchieves
。
可数名词的
不
规则变化
（1）元音发生变化（6个） 汉语
1. foot feet 脚
2. man men 男人
3. mouse mice 老鼠
4. woman women 女人
5. goose geese 鹅
6. tooth teeth 牙
（2）词尾发生变化（1个） 汉语
1. child children 孩子
可数名词的
不
规则变化
（3）单数.复数形式不变（7个） 汉语
1. deer deer 鹿
2. fish fish 鱼
3. sheep sheep 绵羊
4. Chinese Chinese 中国人；汉语
5. Japanese Japanese 日本人；日语
6. Vietnamese Vietnamese n.越南人；adj.越南的.越南人
7. swiss swiss 瑞典人
注：以ese结尾的表示国籍的名词，单数、复数一样；其它表示国籍的名词都按正常规划变化。
可数名词的
不
规则变化
（4）只有复数的名词（8个） 汉语
1. clothes clothes 衣服
2. compasses compasses 圆规
3. glasses glasses 眼镜
4. pants pants 裤子（内裤）
5. scissors scissors 剪子
6. trousers trousers 裤子
7. spectacles spectacles 老花镜
8. shorts shorts 短裤
可数名词的
不
规则变化
（5）构成合成词的第一个或最后一个词变成复数（7个） 汉语
1. girl friend girl friends 女朋友
2. boy friend boy friends 男朋友
3. grown-up grown-ups 成年人
4. highway highways 公路
5. passer-by passers-by 过路人
6. son-in-law sons-in-law 女婿
7. daughter-in-law daughters-in-law 儿媳
可数名词的
不
规则变化
（6）构成合成名词的两个词都要变为复数(8个） 汉语
1. man doctor men doctors 男医生
2. woman doctor women doctors 女医生
3. man servant men servants 男仆人
4. woman servant women servants 女仆人
5. man teacher men teachers 男老师
6. woman teacher women teachers 女老师
7. man driver men drivers 男司机
8. woman driver women drivers 女司机
可数名词的
不
规则变化
名称 总称(谓语用复数） 一个人 两个人
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 the Germans a German two Germans
英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
1.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，
不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说
a person，a policeman，a head of cattle.
当people翻译为人们时，为集体名词。
若出现peoples时 就应翻译为民族或部落。
例：two peoples 两个民族（两个部落）
注意
2.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词。
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，
为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.
联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
The Arabian Nights"is a very interesting story-book.
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
注意
3.表示由两部分构成的东西。如：glasses （眼镜） trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
4. 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思。如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。
注意
1）物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）
These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：
This factory produces steel. （不可数）
We need various steels. （可数）
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
二、名词的数
不
可数名词量的表示
2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。
four freedoms 四大自由
the four modernizations四个现代化
3) 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如: a glass of water
a piece of advice
a pile of coal
a flash of lightening
a burst of laughter
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
二、名词的数
不
可数名词量的表示
注意：有些名词有两个或两个以上不同的意思，其中一个
意思表示不可数名词，另外一个表示可数名词。如：
room 空间，余地，地方—a room 一间房间
paper 纸—a paper 一份试卷/一篇论文
glass 玻璃—a glass 一个玻璃杯—glasses 眼镜
orange 橙子汁—an orange 一个橙子
chicken 鸡肉—a chicken 一只小鸡
drink 饮料—a drink 一份饮料
fish 鱼(肉)—fishes 鱼的种类
time 时间—times 时代，次数
名词考点：
可数名词和不可数名词
以及可数名词的单、复数形式
解题思路：
1. 判断是可数名词还是不可数名词
2. 不可数名词只有单数形式
3. 可数名词要注意单、复数形式变化
4. 注意大小写
1. That is one of the longest__________ (河流) in the world.
2. China is a great c________ with a long history.
1. We usually do our ____________ (作业) in the evening.
2. There is lots of w___________ in the bottle.
homework
rivers
ountry
You can find much information on the ________ (因特网).
Internet
不可数名词只有单数形式
可数名词要注意单、复数形式
注意大小写
ater
例题分析:
三、名词所有格
分类 规 则 例 词
’s 所 有 格 单数名词在末尾加’s the girl’s mother 那个女孩的妈妈
Wang Mei’s ruler 王梅的尺子
以s结尾的可数名词复数,在末尾加’s Teachers’ Day 教师节
the students’ books 学生们的书
以s结尾的人名，在末尾加’s Dickens’s novels 狄更斯的小说
表示各自有各自加 Lucy’s and Lily’s bikes
露西和莉莉的自行车（两辆）
表示共有最后加 luck and Lily's bedroom
露西和莉莉的卧室（一间）
表示“某人家”、“某店铺”所有格后的名词省略末尾加's my uncle's 我叔叔家
the butcher's 肉店
of 所 有格 “名词+of+名词”构成 the window of the room 这个房间的窗户
the life of the rich 有钱人的生活
双重所有格 在同一名词词组中同时具备's以及of两种所有格 a friend of my father' s
我爸爸的一个朋友
四、名词句法功能
1.表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours/Two days/Two years ________(be)enough for us to get there.
Three millions________(be)enough to run a company.
2.量词短语“数字+量词+of+...”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。
A pair of shoes___________(be)under the bed.
Two pieces of paper ___________(be)on the desk.
3.名词+介词（with/except/along with...）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。
The teacher with the students _______(be)planting trees on the hill.
The mother with her son _____ (be)walking on the road.
4."neither...nor...、either...nor...、not only...but also..."连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。
Neither he nor I___________(be) a Frenchman.
Not only the mother but also her children ___________(be) sick.
名词作主语
is
is
is
are
am
is
is
are
1.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。
an apple tree
a story book
the kitchen window
2.用复数作定语。
sports meeting 运动会
students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌
the foreign languages department 外语系
3.man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
4.有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。
goods train （货车） arms produce 武器生产
customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷
5.数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。
two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
名词作定语
根据所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. Different people may have different _____. (idea)
2. I often go to work on . (foot)
3. I know one of the . (boy)
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)
5. Please give them their . (photo)
6. Are there any in the box (watch)
7. There are twelve in a year. (month)
8. Would you like some (tomato)
9. Look at those in the boats! (people)
10. Look! The are singing. (woman)
11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)
12. Jim has some . (knife)
13. How much are these (vegetable)
14. My school is twenty ________ walk from here. (minute)
15. The girl under the tree is a friend of________. (Lucy)
ideas
foot
boys
glasses
photos
watches
months
tomatoes
people
women
Teachers’
knives
vegetables
minutes’
Lucy’s
词形变换
五、名词词义辨析
名词词义辨析是各地市中考的常见命题点之一，主要在单项选择题和完形填空中考查，旨在检测考生在具体且有意义的语境中运用目标词汇的能力。
解题方法：
读懂语境，理解词义。
1.For my homework I have to write a(n) ________about the wonders of the world.
A．music B．picture C．composition D．exam
2.—I have great ________ in learning math and I'm so worried.Could you help me
—Sure.I'd be glad to.
A．trouble B．interest C．joy D．fun
3.—Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter
—With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal ________.
A．value B．style C．effect D．mood
4.—I'm going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit.
—OK.Thanks for your ________.
A．offer B．information C．message D．order
C
A
B
A
正式文体
5.These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the ________immediately.
A．amusement B．development C．environment D．government
6.—Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.
—She said she would never forget some pleasant ________ while working there.
A．experiments B．expressions C．experiences D．emotions
7.—Excuse me, where can I exchange ________？
—There's a bank on the second floor.
A．books B．food C．money D．stamps
8.—I'm sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.
—There's no ________ for this while you are at work.
A．cause B．excuse C．matter D．choice
C
C
C
B
经历
9.John wants to be a ________， so he often helps sick people in the hospital.
A．reporter B．doctor C．scientist D．cook
10.The two cities have reached an ________to develop science and technology.
A．education B．excitement C．agreement D．invention
11.—Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now
—Sorry, I know nothing about him.We are________.
A．friends B．neighbors C．classmates D．strangers
12.I don't think looking after children is just ________ work.
A．woman B．woman's C．women D．women's
13.—I'm not sure about the meaning of the word.
—You'd better look it up in a ________.
A．letter B．dictionary C．postcard D．notice
B
C
D
B
D
开启新征程中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考二轮复习（一）名词
一、单项选择（共20小题；共20分）
1. are made of .
A. Glass; glasses B. Glasses; glasses
C. A glass; glasses D. Glasses; glass
2. --- Oh! There isn't enough for us in the bus.
--- No hurry. Let's wait for the next.
A. place B. land C. room D. floor
3. She has been in Jinan for eight years. Jinan has become her second .
A. station B. house C. home D. family
4. --- I always forget what I want to buy when I go to the market.
--- Well, you can make a of things you want to buy.
A. habit B. list C. backpack D. wish
5. As a , he tries to give the firsthand information to the public as soon as possible.
A. secretary B. passenger C. professor D. reporter
6. --- I don't know how to use the machine.
--- It doesn't matter. Here are the .
A. instructions B. competitions
C. messages D. advertisements
7. As soon as the kid hit me, I lost my and fell down.
A. energy B. decision C. difference D. balance
8. --- You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are
--- Oh, sorry. It's a(n) .
A. instruction B. secret C. problem D. information
9. Jenny's shoes are worn out. She wants to buy a new .
A. shoes B. shoe C. one D. pair
10. --- You look worried. What's your
--- I have trouble learning English.
A. name B. question C. problem D. job
11. The customers are pleased with the of the restaurant.
A. education B. experience C. surface D. service
12. --- What makes you so upset
--- I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didn't give me a(n) .
A. way B. chance C. idea D. excuse
13. Let's get some about tourism on the Internet.
A. information B. message C. invention D. agreement
14. --- It's said that you have moved into a new house.
--- Yeah, and we need to buy some in the mall nearby.
A. food B. furniture C. hamburger D. milk
15. --- Good morning, madam. Can I help you
--- Sure, I'd like for cooking vegetables.
A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread
C. one bowl of dumplings D. five kilos of oil
16. At the foot of the mountain, you can hear the of running water.
A. sound B. noise C. voice D. silence
17. All the teachers enjoy themselves on March 8th, because it is their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
18. --- How far is your cousin's home from here
--- It's about two drive.
A. hour's B. hours C. hours' D. hour
19. --- You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon
--- I did Christmas shopping.
A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of
20. --- Hello! May I speak to David
--- Sorry! He isn't here at the moment. He doesn't feel well. He has gone to .
A. the doctors B. the doctor's C. the doctors' D. doctors
二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)（共10小题；共10分）
1. Quite a few students haven't realized the (important) of learning English.
2. Altogether, the meeting was a (succeed).
3. Could you please (give) me some (suggest) for vacation spots
4. We were surprised at the (beautiful) of nature.
5. Many (visitor) from Australia came to our school last Friday.
6. They are (German). They aren't (Englishman).
7.Computers can work out difficult problems more quickly than (human).
8. After six hours of heavy rain, the river rose two (foot).
9. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast (develop) in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.
10. Last term I took the teacher's (advise) and made great progress.
三、补全短文（共10小题；共10分）
Each year, we celebrate many holidays here in America. On January, we welcome the coming of a new year like many people in other 1. . And we have another four holidays on the first days of four 2. : April Fools' Day, May Day, Friendship Day(Aug.1) and Grandparents Day(Sept.1). The most important holiday for the young people comes in 3. . It is Valentine's Day. Lots of boys give red roses to girls as a 4. . People celebrate some holidays for their family members. We say 5. to our mothers in May and celebrate 6. Day in the following month. In November many people return home for Thanks-giving Day, so the whole 7. can stay together. There are also some interesting holidays for 8. . For example, Halloween comes at the end of October. Children often play with pumpkin lanterns and put on all kinds of masks(面具). Of course, the most important 9. is Christmas. After a year of 10. and study, people can enjoy a long holiday, eat big meals, and visit families and friends.
答案
一、单项选择
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D
6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B
二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
1. importance
2. success
3. give; suggestions
4. beauty
5. visitors
6. Germans; Englishmen
7. humans
8. feet
9. development
10. advice
三、补全短文
1. countries
2. months
3. February
4. present/gift
5. thanks
6. Father's
7. family
8. children
9. festival
10. work
