中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
外研版必修一Unit3单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
I tend to go slowly when I drive in the mountains of my home because the forest scenery is 1． (fantasy) no matter what the season. This morning I was driving 2． (slow) than usual because an early March snow had turned the roads slippery.
3． (amaze) to see a buck deer(公鹿)standing in the middle of the road, I came 4． __a full stop and for a few seconds stared at the deer. His eyes seemed wise and were smiling at me. Finally, I 5． (signal) to him to go on. He then leapt across the road, up the hill and back into the woods.
Most of us rush through this life not knowing the very thing 6． we are missing. The next time you find 7． (you) going too fast, slow down. Take the time to watch the sunrise over the horizon and fill the world with light. Take the time to look your children in their eyes, hug them 8． tell them that you love them. If you do, your life 9． (be) so much better and more beautiful. And you might even end up not 10． (hit) a deer on your way home.
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
A. cases B. attend C. allowing D. accelerateE. alerted F. resulted G. submerging H. personalizedI. prevailing J. revolutionize K. engaging
Better Technology, Better Health
WEARABLE TECH
These days you can tell a lot about your own fitness without having to (11) 11． a doctor's appointment. Many of us are willing to strap monitors and sensors to our bodies in everyday life in the form of smart watches—but these wearable tech trends are set to evolve from fitness trackers to real-time clinical monitors in 2021. For life-threatening cases such as cardiac diseases, medical practitioners could be automatically 12． to any worrying changes.
3D PRINTING
Being able to produce a physical object from a digital file is starting to 13． aspects of the medical industry. From transplanting printed organs to improving an individual's quality of life through prosthetics, the use of 3D printers in medicine will continue to rapidly expand. Surgical tools are also becoming more 14． to aid medical professionals in precise and intricate procedures.
DIGITAL TWINS
With the invention of digital twin technology, the medical world is able to further improve accuracy and 15． research by incorporating it into healthcare. The technology serves to create digital replicas (复制品) and simulations of physical objects, and even people, 16． procedures to be practised without inflicting harm.
Soon digital twins may be used to replicate entire hospitals as well as individual 17． to see how changes within the hospital could impact patients and identify any issues before they arise in real life.
MACHINE LEARNING
Artificial intelligence (AI) is continuing to improve. But what if this 18． in machines replacing doctors and nurses altogether Virtual nursing is one way that AI is 19． in the world of medicine. In some cases, machine learning chatbots are 20． with patients more frequently than human nurses are.
三、翻译
21．I have to go to work by bike .
由于我的汽车正在修理，我得骑自行车上班。
22． you spend on your study, .
你在学习上花的时间越多，你就越有可能成功。
23． the newly discovered medicine can prevent flu effectively.
据报道，新发明的药物能有效预防流感。
24．Their experiment can't continue money.
他们的实验由于缺少资金而无法继续进行。
25．Our Chairman Xi (问候) all the Chinese through live (广播).
26．She always (差来遣去) (好像)I were her servant.
27．纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。
Paper money for over one thousand years.
28．当你把试卷拿回来的时候，要特别注意做了标记的内容。
When you get the paper back, pay special attention to .
29．在过去的几年里，世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。
In the last few years, thousands of films all over the world.
30．你的任务一完成你就可以回家。
You can go home as soon as your task .
四、完形填空
A week ago, my daughter said, "Mom, I don't think I'm very athletic."
I've observed her in various sports, and she is just like me: two left feet. But even knowing it, my first instinct (本能) was to snow her with some 31． "Oh, you're actually good at sports!"
I held back, however, and after thinking twice, I told her the 32． : "No, you're kind of not."
And I could see it hurt a bit. So I 33． : "Dear, everyone may have a natural talent for something. Like you and 34． : You're a 5th grader and read Charles Dickens. But we also have things we are not 35． . If we want to reach a satisfactory level at those things, we have to 36． twice the effort and if we want to 37． we need to try even harder. "
She was nodding. She totally 38． it. Why Because it's the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around telling our kids some rubbish that don't even 39． when they can actually accept the truth. Besides, when they realize we are lying, we 40． our credibility.
I want my kids to have a 41． understanding of themselves so they won't be 42． when things get tough. They can be Olympians, but nobody is going to band it to them and 43． may work against them. They will understand that many things 44． a nearly huge amount of WORK. They can't just expect something to happen. They 45． it happen.
31．A．sense B．advice C．rubbish D．love
32．A．idea B．truth C．news D．lie
33．A．replied B．added C．commented D．repeated
34．A．learning B．speaking C．reading D．writing
35．A．fond of B．amazed at C．good at D．interested in
36．A．put in B．put away C．put up D．put off
37．A．improve B．excel C．pass D．continue
38．A．got B．forgot C．made D．did
39．A．take place B．get around C．come along D．make sense
40．A．develop B．damage C．ignore D．value
41．A．heart-felt B．hot-headed C．right-sized D．good-natured
42．A．tired B．shocked C．excited D．inspired
43．A．nature B．time C．history D．experience
44．A．perform B．increase C．require D．change
45．A．watch B．let C．help D．make
五、阅读理解
A
Imagine reading a story titled "Pursuing Success". That would be an inspiring story, wouldn't it Maybe—but maybe not. It might well be the story of someone whose never ending chase for more and more success leaves them unsatisfied and incapable of happiness. Though it isn't a conventional medical addiction, for many people success has addictive properties.
Obviously, success goes with praise. To a certain extent, praise stimulates the neurotransmitter dopamine (神经递质多巴胺), which contributes to all addictive behaviors.
The desire for success may be born to human nature, but specialness doesn't come cheap. Success is tough work, and it requires bearing the cost of losing. In the 1980s, the physician Robert Goldman famously found that more than half of ambitious athletes would be willing to take a drug that would kill them in five years in exchange for winning every competition they entered.
Unfortunately, success is endless. The goal can't be satisfactory; most people never feel "successful enough". The high only lasts a day or two, and then it's on to the next goal. Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机现象), in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.
People should get off the treadmill. But quitting isn't easy for addicts. For people hooked on substances, withdrawal can be a painful experience, both physically and psychologically. Research finds that depression and anxiety are common among outstanding athletes after their careers end. Olympic athletes, in particular, suffer from the "post-Olympic blues".
Just like wine, success in and of itself is not a bad thing. Both can bring fun and sweetness to life. But both become bossy when they are a substitute for—a instead of a complement (补充物) to—the relationships and love that should be the center of our lives.
46．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．Success doesn't always bring positive results
B．A traditional, medical addiction leads to success
C．The passion for constant success is rarely praised.
D．Success addition has already drawn wide attention.
47．Why did the author mention the research findings of Robert Goldman
A．To stress the key to success lies in efforts.
B．To show success is a tough and cruel job.
C．To argue that athletes deserve more rewards.
D．To describe the routine training of an ordinary athlete.
48．Which of the following is not part of the hedonic treadmill theory
A．Enjoying the beauty and love around you.
B．Being offered a promotion at work.
C．Having the house you want to live in.
D．Eating the food you've been longing for.
49．What can success bring to a success addict according to psychologists
A．Satisfaction and a sense of pride. B．Anxiety and short-lived happiness.
C．Relaxation and endless motivation. D．Confidence and permanent happiness.
50．What does the author suggest people do about pursuing success
A．Stop chasing success. B．Chase success at any cost.
C．Reflect on what matters in life. D．Give up love and relationships.
B
Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang'e. It's a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is s0 popular that people can't hear the word Chang'e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a "frontline soklier in the field of aerospace" that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China's youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role.
In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks "mini", she is called "Big Sister" for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her acrospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of "the Long March 5 rocket goes around" battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
51．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang'e at the beginning of the passage
A．To tell a romantic story. B．To spread Chinese culture.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To give an example.
52．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace
A．Her youth and beauty.
B．Her pictures on the media.
C．Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group.
D．Her performance in the moon-landing program.
53．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．She was the youngest space commander of the Tujia ethnic group.
B．She was called "Big Sister" not because of her physical strength but her central status.
C．To become a commander, she took five challenging and courageous jobs in two and a half years.
D．She worked in severe conditions for 60 days until the Long March 5 rocket was-launched.
54．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media's invitation to interviews
A．Because she was too shy. B．Because she was not available.
C．Because she was devoted to work. D．Because she hated being famous.
55．What can we learn from Ms Zhou's story
A．Attitude is altitude. B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Many hands make light work. D．Diligence makes up for inability.
C
Why did humans evolve to walk upright Perhaps because it's just plain easier. Make that "energetically less costly," in science-speak.
Bipedalism — walking on two feet — is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees to walk on treadmill while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles. That measurement of the energy needed to move round was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week's online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one quarter of the energy that chimpanzees use while knuckle-walking on four limbs. And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.
However, there were differences among chimpanzees in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different gaits and anatomy. One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.
"What we were surprised at was the variation," he said in telephone interview. "That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution."
Walking, on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to manipulating the world, Raichlen said. "We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids down the path to being human."
The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation.
56．The underlined word "Bipedalism" means .
A．moving sideways B．walking upright
C．walking on four legs D．running fast
57．Why did chimpanzees wear masks in the experiment
A．Masks protect chimpanzees from any harm.
B．Masks help chimpanzees walk steadily.
C．There was heavy smoke in the room.
D．Masks helped to measure how much oxygen chimpanzees consumed
58．We can infer that scientists .
A．have no idea on how human walking on two legs came about
B．have had different views on why chimpanzees walk on four legs
C．have had different views on how human walking on two legs came about
D．have had similar views on how human walking on two legs came about
59．What does the fourth paragraph mainly deal with
A．How did chimpanzees save energy
B．Why didn't chimpanzees walk on two legs
C．David Raichlen researched into chimpanzees.
D．Different chimpanzees consume different energy.
60．According to the passage humans walk upright in order to .
A．conserve energy B．differ from other animals.
C．free their brains D．strengthen their legs
D
Sharon Holland and her husband, Jer, are travelling around the world and saving money at the same time by swapping (交换) houses with strangers to keep the bills low. They only have to pay for their flights, meaning they save hundreds of pounds on their holidays each year.
The couple's occupation allows them to enjoy long periods of school holidays. Both work as school Deputy Principals, which allows them to take their children, Cian, 23, Miah, 13, and Faye, 11, abroad up to four times per year. On average, they pay 1,250 per year for flights.
Sharon, from Cork, Ireland, has exchanged her home with a stranger 40 times in the last 13 years and says she's never regret. She said: "I couldn't imagine travelling in any other way now. Swapping our Irish Georgian farmhouse for another house abroad is amazing. There are home-style houses, modern city apartments and beautiful architectural period houses too. Every holiday is different and staying in someone else's house makes our experience more rewarding and enjoyable. We are able to meet more locals and understand the culture more than we would if we were to stay at a hotel. We bring our laptops during the summer weeks as we are both responsible for timetabling and school planning but this can be done at a distance".
Sharon has visited various cities in America, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, the UK and their home country of Ireland. "But our favourite place is Italy. We have been lucky enough to visit there six times. Over the years, every experience has been great—from the architecture to the food. We have made some wonderful happy memories for less", adds she.
61．Why do the couple travel by swapping houses with strangers
A．To avoid taking flights. B．To cut down their travel costs.
C．To improve their living condition. D．To spread local culture.
62．What can we know about Sharon from the text
A．She comes from England and likes Italy.
B．She never lives in a hotel when traveling.
C．She plans to open a school with her husband.
D．She is fond of the way of swapping houses.
63．What does Sharon think of swapping houses with strangers
A．Embarrassing. B．Dangerous. C．Fantastic. D．Traditional.
64．What's the main purpose of the text
A．To introduce ways of exchanging houses.
B．To advise more people to travel worldwide.
C．To share a couple's special way of travelling.
D．To teach us how to save money while traveling,
六、书面表达
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At the age of 12, Lily earned a scholarship to study at a boarding school in Australia. Her father told her to study hard and practice running every day in Australia. She nodded be- cause that was much easier than staying happy in a completely new country. Several days later, she kissed her family and boarded the plane for Australia. As the plane took off, she looked out of the window at the goats and brown rivers of Kenya. She stared down at the green fields where she used to run barefoot(赤脚的), like the wind.
At school, Lily had lots of math problems to solve, essays to write, and books to read. She also joined the school running team. They were preparing for an important running race, in which runners from different schools took part. In order to practice running, her coach gave her a striped shirt, white shorts, shoes with cleats (防滑钉)and another pair with spongy soles(吸水鞋底)for cross-country. Honestly speaking, she had always run barefoot at home, so the shoes felt tight. But all the other runners wore shoes and Lily didn't want to be different.
The team practiced every weekday afternoon. On Saturdays, everyone watched football— everyone but Lily. She would run alone on the country roads barefoot and run over fields thick with mud just as in her hometown. Each day at lunch, she would sit alone in the large dining hall, eating dishes totally strange to her and missing her family.
One Saturday, Lily ran up a hill and found herself in a yard. To her surprise, one of her classmates, Thomas, stood just inside the barn (谷仓) door. After he greeted her, Lily asked, "Why aren't you watching football " "I have to help my father," said Thomas, "but why aren't you wearing your shoes "
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On hearing this question, Lily felt embarrassed
……
On the day of the race, all the runners were wearing professional suits and shoes except Lily.
基础达标
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
外研版必修一Unit3单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
I tend to go slowly when I drive in the mountains of my home because the forest scenery is 1． (fantasy) no matter what the season. This morning I was driving 2． (slow) than usual because an early March snow had turned the roads slippery.
3． (amaze) to see a buck deer(公鹿)standing in the middle of the road, I came 4． __a full stop and for a few seconds stared at the deer. His eyes seemed wise and were smiling at me. Finally, I 5． (signal) to him to go on. He then leapt across the road, up the hill and back into the woods.
Most of us rush through this life not knowing the very thing 6． we are missing. The next time you find 7． (you) going too fast, slow down. Take the time to watch the sunrise over the horizon and fill the world with light. Take the time to look your children in their eyes, hug them 8． tell them that you love them. If you do, your life 9． (be) so much better and more beautiful. And you might even end up not 10． (hit) a deer on your way home.
【答案】1．fantastic；2．slower/more slowly；3．Amazed；4．to；5．signal(l)ed；6．that；7．yourself；8．and；9．will be；10．hitting
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在山里开车时，往往开的很慢。一天早上，和一只鹿的邂逅使作者感悟到应该放慢脚步，更充分地享受生活。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，副词，介词，介词，时态，定语从句，代词，连词，非谓语动词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意： 当我在家乡的山上开车的时候，我总是开得很慢，因为不管什么季节，森林的景色都是那么的美丽。空处在句中作表语，所以用形容词。故填fantastic。
2．句意：今天早上我开得比平时更慢，因为三月初的一场雪把路弄得很滑。结合空后的than可知，此处用形容词比较级slower，作状语；另结合空前动词driving，这里也可应用副词slowly的比较级more slowly，故填slower/more slowly。
3．句意：惊奇地看到一只鹿站在马路中间，我停了下来，盯着那只鹿看了几秒钟。此处形容词作状语，说明主语I的感受，用形容词amazed“惊奇的”，因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Amazed。
4．句意：惊奇地看到一只鹿站在马路中间，我停了下来，盯着那只鹿看了几秒钟。come to a stop固定短语，“停止”，故填to。
5．句意：最后，我示意他继续。此处是谓语动词，结合下文leapt可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，所以用动词signalled，故填signalled。
6．句意：我们大多数人匆匆度过这一生，却不知道自己错过了什么。 we are missing 是限制性定语从句，先行词为thing，其前有very修饰，在从句中作miss的宾语，所以用关系代词that，故填that。
7．句意：下次你发现自己开车太快时，慢下来。当宾语和主语为同一物/人时，宾语使用反身代词。此处指你发现你自己开车太快的时候，所以用反身代词yourself，故填yourself。
8．句意：花点时间看看你的孩子，拥抱他们，并告诉他们你爱他们。分析可知，空处前后动词hug和tell为并列关系，所以用连词and，故填and。
9．句意：如果你这样做了，你的生活就会变得更好、更美好。根据“主将从现”规则，if引导的条件状语从句使用了一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故填will be。
10．句意：你甚至可能在回家的路上不会撞到鹿。end up doing固定短语，“最终成为……”，故填hitting。
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
A. cases B. attend C. allowing D. accelerateE. alerted F. resulted G. submerging H. personalizedI. prevailing J. revolutionize K. engaging
Better Technology, Better Health
WEARABLE TECH
These days you can tell a lot about your own fitness without having to (11) 11． a doctor's appointment. Many of us are willing to strap monitors and sensors to our bodies in everyday life in the form of smart watches—but these wearable tech trends are set to evolve from fitness trackers to real-time clinical monitors in 2021. For life-threatening cases such as cardiac diseases, medical practitioners could be automatically 12． to any worrying changes.
3D PRINTING
Being able to produce a physical object from a digital file is starting to 13． aspects of the medical industry. From transplanting printed organs to improving an individual's quality of life through prosthetics, the use of 3D printers in medicine will continue to rapidly expand. Surgical tools are also becoming more 14． to aid medical professionals in precise and intricate procedures.
DIGITAL TWINS
With the invention of digital twin technology, the medical world is able to further improve accuracy and 15． research by incorporating it into healthcare. The technology serves to create digital replicas (复制品) and simulations of physical objects, and even people, 16． procedures to be practised without inflicting harm.
Soon digital twins may be used to replicate entire hospitals as well as individual 17． to see how changes within the hospital could impact patients and identify any issues before they arise in real life.
MACHINE LEARNING
Artificial intelligence (AI) is continuing to improve. But what if this 18． in machines replacing doctors and nurses altogether Virtual nursing is one way that AI is 19． in the world of medicine. In some cases, machine learning chatbots are 20． with patients more frequently than human nurses are.
【答案】11．B；12．E；13．J；14．H；15．D；16．C；17．A；18．F；19．I；20．K
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了高科技让人们越来越健康。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证
11．句意：这些天，你可以告诉很多关于你自己的健康状况，而不必去看医生。 attend “参加”，have to后接动词原形，故选B。
12．句意：对于心脏病等危及生命的病例，医生可能会自动收到任何令人担忧的变化的警报。 alerted ，“警觉”，与be构成被动语态，故选E。
13．句意：能够从数字文件中生成物理对象正开始彻底改变医疗行业的各个方面。 revolutionize “彻底改变”，此处不定式作宾语，故选J。
14．句意：手术工具也越来越个性化，以帮助医疗专业人员进行精确和复杂的手术。 personalized “个性化”，与more构成比较级，作表语，故选H。
15．句意：随着数字孪生技术的发明，医学界能够通过将其纳入医疗保健来进一步提高准确性和加速研究。 accelerate “加速”，与 further 并列，应用动词原形，故选D。
16．句意：这项技术用于创建物理对象甚至人的数字复制品和模拟，允许在不造成伤害的情况下实施程序。 allowing “允许”，此处现在分词作状语，故选C。
17．句意：不久，数字双胞胎可能会被用于复制整个医院以及单个病例，以了解医院内的变化会如何影响患者，并在实际生活中出现问题之前识别出问题。 cases“病例”，此处作介词宾语，故选A。
18．句意：但如果这导致机器完全取代医生和护士呢？ resulted 与介词in 构成动词短语，“导致”，故选F。
19．句意：虚拟护理是人工智能在医学界盛行的一种方式。 prevailing“盛行”，与is构成现在进行时，故选 I。
20．句意：在某些情况下，机器学习聊天机器人比人类护士更频繁地接触患者。 engaging与be构成短语，故选K。
三、翻译
21．I have to go to work by bike .
由于我的汽车正在修理，我得骑自行车上班。
【答案】because my car is being repaired.
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，空处表示“由于我的汽车正在修理”，为句子的原因状语，我们可以用连词because引导的原因状语从句来表示，又根据句意可知，空处应用现在进行时的被动语态，且要主语主谓一致，所以填because my car is being repaired，其中my car为从句主语，is being repaired时现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被修理”。故填 because my car is being repaired。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在进行时的被动语态以及because引导的原因状语从句。
22． you spend on your study, .
你在学习上花的时间越多，你就越有可能成功。
【答案】The more time；the more likely you are to succeed
【解析】【分析】根据汉语意思，应使用句型the+比较级，the+比较级；“有可能成功”是be likely to succeed。故答案为The more time，the more likely you are to succeed。
【点评】考查翻译，注意联系汉语意思和英语句型的结合。
23． the newly discovered medicine can prevent flu effectively.
据报道，新发明的药物能有效预防流感。
【答案】It is reported that
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“据报道”，；根据句型结构，可知应使用“It is+V-ed+that...”的句型，故答案为It is reported that。
【点评】考查翻译，注意汉语意思和英语句型的结合。
24．Their experiment can't continue money.
他们的实验由于缺少资金而无法继续进行。
【答案】for the lack of
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“由于缺少”；for the lack of是固定短语，意“由于缺少……”，故答案为for the lack of。
【点评】考查翻译，注意结合汉语意思和英语短语。
25．Our Chairman Xi (问候) all the Chinese through live (广播).
【答案】greets；broadcast
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的习主席通过直播向所有中国人致意。分析句子可知，本句描述一般事实，所以第一空的谓语动词应用一般现在时，又根据汉语提示可知，第一空填greets。第二空由形容词live作定语修饰，应填名词形式，结合汉语提示，应填broadcast。故填greets；broadcast。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及greet和broadcast的用法考查。
26．She always (差来遣去) (好像)I were her servant.
【答案】pushes me around；as if
【解析】【分析】句意：她总是对我差来遣去，好像我是她的仆人。由always可知，本句描述的是一般事实，所以第一空谓语动词应用一般现在时形式，且与主语She保持主谓一致，用单数，结合汉语提示可知，应填pushes me around。根据I were her servant可知，第二空应填连词或短语引导一个方式状语从句，应填as if。故填pushes me around；as if。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动词短语push around以及短语as if 的用法。
27．纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。
Paper money for over one thousand years.
【答案】has been used
【解析】【分析】根据中英文提示可知，空处表示“已被使用了”，表示已经完成的动作，谓语动词use“使用”应用现在完成时，且与主语Paper money之间为被动关系，保持主谓一致，所以填现在完成时的被动形式，即has been used。故填has been used。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
28．当你把试卷拿回来的时候，要特别注意做了标记的内容。
When you get the paper back, pay special attention to .
【答案】what has been marked
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，空处表示“做了标记的内容”，结合句子分析，空处可用what引导的宾语从句来表示，即what has been marked，其中关系代词what再从句中充当主语，根据句意可知，从句表示已经完成的动作，应用现在完成时，且谓语动词mark与主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填what has been marked。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句和现在完成时的被动语态。
29．在过去的几年里，世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。
In the last few years, thousands of films all over the world.
【答案】have been produced
【解析】【分析】中举中英文提示可知，空处缺少谓语动词，表示“已经制作了”，谓语动词produce“制作”与主语films之间为被动关系，又根据时间状语In the last few years可知，空处应用现在完成时，且要与主语films保持主谓一致，用复数。故填have been produced。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
30．你的任务一完成你就可以回家。
You can go home as soon as your task .
【答案】has been finished
【解析】【分析】根据中英文提示可知，空处表示“ 完成 ”，应用动词finish，根据句意可知，作业完成才能回家，表示动作完成后对现在的影响应用现在完成时，且谓语动词finish与主语task之间为被动关系，还要保持主谓一致，用单数，所以空处填has been finished。故填has been finished。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
四、完形填空
A week ago, my daughter said, "Mom, I don't think I'm very athletic."
I've observed her in various sports, and she is just like me: two left feet. But even knowing it, my first instinct (本能) was to snow her with some 31． "Oh, you're actually good at sports!"
I held back, however, and after thinking twice, I told her the 32． : "No, you're kind of not."
And I could see it hurt a bit. So I 33． : "Dear, everyone may have a natural talent for something. Like you and 34． : You're a 5th grader and read Charles Dickens. But we also have things we are not 35． . If we want to reach a satisfactory level at those things, we have to 36． twice the effort and if we want to 37． we need to try even harder. "
She was nodding. She totally 38． it. Why Because it's the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around telling our kids some rubbish that don't even 39． when they can actually accept the truth. Besides, when they realize we are lying, we 40． our credibility.
I want my kids to have a 41． understanding of themselves so they won't be 42． when things get tough. They can be Olympians, but nobody is going to band it to them and 43． may work against them. They will understand that many things 44． a nearly huge amount of WORK. They can't just expect something to happen. They 45． it happen.
31．A．sense B．advice C．rubbish D．love
32．A．idea B．truth C．news D．lie
33．A．replied B．added C．commented D．repeated
34．A．learning B．speaking C．reading D．writing
35．A．fond of B．amazed at C．good at D．interested in
36．A．put in B．put away C．put up D．put off
37．A．improve B．excel C．pass D．continue
38．A．got B．forgot C．made D．did
39．A．take place B．get around C．come along D．make sense
40．A．develop B．damage C．ignore D．value
41．A．heart-felt B．hot-headed C．right-sized D．good-natured
42．A．tired B．shocked C．excited D．inspired
43．A．nature B．time C．history D．experience
44．A．perform B．increase C．require D．change
45．A．watch B．let C．help D．make
【答案】31．C；32．B；33．B；34．C；35．C；36．A；37．B；38．A；39．D；40．B；41．C；42．B；43．A；44．C；45．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在女儿表示自己不擅长运动时，告诉了她实情，并同时帮助女儿理解这样一个道理：我们每个人都有自己擅长和不擅长的事情，所以需要加倍努力去实现那些不擅长的事情。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
31．句意：但即使知道这一点，我的本能还是用一些假话骗她，“哦，你真的很擅长运动！”A.sense“感觉，领悟”； B.advice“建议”； C.rubbish “垃圾，废话”；D.love“爱”。根据妈妈说的话可知，尽管知道女儿真的不擅长运动，但还是要用一些善意的谎言骗她。下文“telling our kids some rubbish”中的rubbish是词义复现。故选C。
32．句意：然而，我忍住了，在三思后，我告诉她：“不，你是有点不擅长运动。”A.idea“想法，主意”； B.truth“事实，真相”； C.news“新闻，消息”； D.lie“谎言”。由 however 表转折可知，妈妈虽然直觉是骗女儿，但在思考之后，决定告诉女儿实情。故选B。
33．句意：所以我补充到：“亲爱的，每个人都可能对某件事有天赋。”A.replied“回复”； B.added“加，补充”； C.commented“评论” ； D.repeated“重复”。根据上文“And I could see it hurt a bit.”可知，妈妈意识到说实话女儿受到了伤害，所以补充到，虽然不擅长运动，但在别的方面有天赋。故选B。
34．句意：比如你和阅读：你是一名五年级学生，读过查尔斯·狄更斯。A.learning“学习”； B.speaking“演讲”； C.reading“阅读”； D.writing“写作”。根据空后“read Charles Dickens”可知，这里是指女儿的天赋是阅读，只有五年级，已经开始读查尔斯·狄更斯的作品了。故选C。
35．句意：但我们也有我们不擅长的东西。A.fond of “喜欢”；B.amazed at “惊讶”；C.good at“擅长”； D.interested in“感兴趣”。根据上文，女儿擅长阅读可知，But表示转折，女儿也会有不擅长的东西。故选C。
36．句意：“如果我们想在这些事情上达到令人满意的水平，我们必须投入两倍努力，如果我们想要胜过别人，我们需要更加努力。”A.put in“实行，花费”；B. put away“拿开，收好”；C. put up“提供，举起”； D.put off“摆脱，延期”。根据上文妈妈说也会有不擅长的东西，而对于不擅长的东西就需要付出加倍的努力，才能达到令人满意的水平。故选A。
37．句意：“如果我们想在这些事情上达到令人满意的水平，我们必须投入两倍努力，如果我们想要胜过别人，我们需要更加努力。”A.improve“提高”； B.excel “优于，擅长”；C.pass “超过”；D.continue“继续”。根据空后“even harder”可知，要更加努力才能胜过别人。故选B。
38．句意：她完全理解了。A.got“得到，获得”；B. forgot“忘记”； C.made “使得”；D.did“做”。根据上文“She was nodding”和下文Because it's the truth. 可知，女儿因为理解了妈妈说的话，所以一直在点头表示认可，即她理解了这个道理。get it固定短语，“明白了”。故选A。
39．句意：有时我想知道为什么我们跑来跑去告诉我们的孩子一些压根讲不通的废话，即使他们实际上可以接受事实。A.take place“发生”； B.get around“到处走走，说服”；C.come along“陪伴，一起来”； D.make sense“讲得通，有意义”。根据空前rubbish可知，是讲不通的一些废话，和后文的truth相对。故选D。
40．句意：此外，当他们意识到我们在撒谎时，我们就会破坏我们的可信度。A.develop “发展”；B.damage “损坏，破坏”；C.ignore“忽略，忽视”； D.value“估价”。根据空前“realize we are lying”可知，孩子们得知父母字啊欺骗自己后，信任值就会降低。故选B。
41．句意：我希望我的孩子对自己有准确的了解，这样他们就不会在事情变得艰难时感到震惊。A.heart-felt“衷心的，诚挚的”； B.hot-headed “急躁的，鲁莽的”；C.right-sized“大小合适的”； D.good-natured“和蔼的，和善的”。根据上文妈妈觉得要告诉孩子真相，是希望孩子能正确的认识自己，不要自满也不要自卑。故选C。
42．句意：我希望我的孩子对自己有准确的了解，这样他们就不会在事情变得艰难时感到震惊。A.tired “疲惫的”；B.shocked“吃惊的，震惊的”；C. excited“兴奋地，激动地”；D. inspired“有灵感的，受鼓舞的”。根据下文“but nobody is going to band it to them”可知，让孩子能准确认识自己是为了让他们在遇到困难时有心理准备，不至于震惊然后受到伤害。故选B。
43．句意：他们可以是奥运选手，但没有人会和他们在一起，可能自然也会与他们作对。A.nature“自然”；B. time“时间”；C. history“历史”； D.experience“经验”。根据空前“Olympians”可知，孩子们遇到的困难可能是没人愿意做队友，也可能来自环境，大自然也与他们作对。故选A。
44．句意：他们会明白，很多事情要求大量的工作。A.perform “执行，完成”； B.increase“增加”； C.require“要求”； D.change“改变”。根据上文和常识可知，完成一项事情是需要付出努力的，这就需要花费大量的精力去实现。故选C。
45．句意：他们让它发生。A.watch “看”；B.let“ 让，使”；C.help“帮助”；D. make“做，使得”。根据上文“They can’t just expect something to happen.”可知，不能只期待某事发生，而要用实际行动将其变为现实。make it happen固定短语，“使成为现实”。故选D。
五、阅读理解
A
Imagine reading a story titled "Pursuing Success". That would be an inspiring story, wouldn't it Maybe—but maybe not. It might well be the story of someone whose never ending chase for more and more success leaves them unsatisfied and incapable of happiness. Though it isn't a conventional medical addiction, for many people success has addictive properties.
Obviously, success goes with praise. To a certain extent, praise stimulates the neurotransmitter dopamine (神经递质多巴胺), which contributes to all addictive behaviors.
The desire for success may be born to human nature, but specialness doesn't come cheap. Success is tough work, and it requires bearing the cost of losing. In the 1980s, the physician Robert Goldman famously found that more than half of ambitious athletes would be willing to take a drug that would kill them in five years in exchange for winning every competition they entered.
Unfortunately, success is endless. The goal can't be satisfactory; most people never feel "successful enough". The high only lasts a day or two, and then it's on to the next goal. Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机现象), in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.
People should get off the treadmill. But quitting isn't easy for addicts. For people hooked on substances, withdrawal can be a painful experience, both physically and psychologically. Research finds that depression and anxiety are common among outstanding athletes after their careers end. Olympic athletes, in particular, suffer from the "post-Olympic blues".
Just like wine, success in and of itself is not a bad thing. Both can bring fun and sweetness to life. But both become bossy when they are a substitute for—a instead of a complement (补充物) to—the relationships and love that should be the center of our lives.
46．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．Success doesn't always bring positive results
B．A traditional, medical addiction leads to success
C．The passion for constant success is rarely praised.
D．Success addition has already drawn wide attention.
47．Why did the author mention the research findings of Robert Goldman
A．To stress the key to success lies in efforts.
B．To show success is a tough and cruel job.
C．To argue that athletes deserve more rewards.
D．To describe the routine training of an ordinary athlete.
48．Which of the following is not part of the hedonic treadmill theory
A．Enjoying the beauty and love around you.
B．Being offered a promotion at work.
C．Having the house you want to live in.
D．Eating the food you've been longing for.
49．What can success bring to a success addict according to psychologists
A．Satisfaction and a sense of pride. B．Anxiety and short-lived happiness.
C．Relaxation and endless motivation. D．Confidence and permanent happiness.
50．What does the author suggest people do about pursuing success
A．Stop chasing success. B．Chase success at any cost.
C．Reflect on what matters in life. D．Give up love and relationships.
【答案】46．A
47．B
48．A
49．B
50．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成功对人们的影响，对许多人来说，成功有上瘾的特性，但成功是艰苦的工作，它要求承担失败的代价，而且成功还是无止境的，带来的快乐却很短暂。对此，作者建议人们应该思考自己生活中真正重要的东西是什么。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
46．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"It might well be the story of someone whose never ending chase for more and more success leaves them unsatisfied and incapable of happiness.” 这很可能是一个关于某人的故事，他永无止境地追求越来越多的成功，却得不到满足，无法获得幸福。可推知，成功并不总是带来积极的结果。故选A。
47．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Success is tough work and it requires bearing the cost of losing. In the 1980s, the physician Robert Goldman famously found that more than half of ambitious athletes would be willing to take a drug that would kill them in five years in exchange for winning every competition they entered.”成功是艰苦的工作，它要求承担失败的代价。上世纪80年代，内科医生Robert Goldman有一个著名的发现：超过半数雄心勃勃的运动员为了赢得参加的所有比赛，愿意在五年内服用一种会致其死亡的药物。可推知，作者提到Robert Goldman的研究结果是为了说明成功是一项艰难而残酷的工作。故选B。
48．考查推理判断。根据第四段"Unfortunately, success is endless. The goal can't be satisfactory; most people never feel ‘successful enough'. The high only lasts a day or two, and then it's on to the next goal. Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机现象), in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.”不幸的是，成功是无止境的。目标不能令人满意；大多数人都觉得自己"不够成功"。这种兴奋感只会持续一两天，然后就会转向下一个目标。心理学家称之为"享乐跑步机现象"，在这种情况下，满足感几乎马上就会消失，我们必须奔向下一个奖励，以避免落后的感觉。可知，享乐跑步机现象的特点是：满足感几乎马上就会消失，我们必须奔向下一个奖励，以避免落后的感觉。选项中“享受身边的美和爱"不具备这种特点，不属于"享乐跑步机理论"。其它三项的内容都具备"享乐跑步机理论"的特点。故选A。
49．考查细节理解。根据第四段"Unfortunately, success is endless. The goal can't be satisfactory; most people never feel "successful enough". The high only lasts a day or two, and then it's on to the next goal. Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机现象), in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.”不幸的是，成功是无止境的。目标不能满足；大多数人从未觉得自己"足够成功"。这种兴奋状态只会持续一两天，然后就会进入下一个目标。心理学家称之为"快乐跑步机"效应，满足感几乎会立即消失，我们必须跑向下一个奖励，以避免落下的感觉；以及倒数第二段中的"Research finds that depression and anxiety are common among outstanding athletes after their careers end.”研究发现，杰出的运动员在职业生涯结束后，抑郁和焦虑很常见。可知，心理学家认为，成功会给成功成瘾者带来焦虑和短暂的快乐。故选B。
50．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Just like wine, success in and of itself is not a bad thing. Both can bring fun and sweetness to life. But both become bossy when they are a substitute for—a instead of a complement (补充物) to—the relationships and love that should be the center of our lives.”就像酒一样，成功本身并不是一件坏事。两者都能给生活带来乐趣和甜蜜。但当两者都成为我们生活中心的关系和爱情的替代品而不是补充物时，它们就会变得专横。可推知，关于追求成功，作者建议人们思考生命中什么才是重要的。故选C。
B
Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang'e. It's a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is s0 popular that people can't hear the word Chang'e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a "frontline soklier in the field of aerospace" that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China's youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role.
In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks "mini", she is called "Big Sister" for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her acrospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of "the Long March 5 rocket goes around" battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
51．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang'e at the beginning of the passage
A．To tell a romantic story. B．To spread Chinese culture.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To give an example.
52．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace
A．Her youth and beauty.
B．Her pictures on the media.
C．Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group.
D．Her performance in the moon-landing program.
53．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．She was the youngest space commander of the Tujia ethnic group.
B．She was called "Big Sister" not because of her physical strength but her central status.
C．To become a commander, she took five challenging and courageous jobs in two and a half years.
D．She worked in severe conditions for 60 days until the Long March 5 rocket was-launched.
54．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media's invitation to interviews
A．Because she was too shy. B．Because she was not available.
C．Because she was devoted to work. D．Because she hated being famous.
55．What can we learn from Ms Zhou's story
A．Attitude is altitude. B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Many hands make light work. D．Diligence makes up for inability.
【答案】51．C
52．D
53．A
54．C
55．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国有史以来最年轻的太空指挥官周小姐，包括她的个性经历以及取得的成就。
【点评】题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇任务类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
51．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang'e. It's a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is s0 popular that people can't hear the word Chang'e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.”大多数中国人都知道神话中的嫦娥的故事。这是一个关于一个女人吃了永生药丸飞向月球的故事。这个故事非常流行，以至于人们一听到嫦娥这个词就会想到月亮女神的浪漫形象。可推知，作者在文章的开头提到嫦娥的神话是为了引入主题。故选C。
52．考查细节理解。根据第二段"For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a "frontline soklier in the field of aerospace" that young Chinese can look up to.”因此，中国的登月任务需要一个坚强的女性形象。因此，一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传，因为她在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作，有人评论说她是中国年轻人值得尊敬的"航天领域的一线战士。可知，在登月计划中的表现让人们认为周小姐是航天领域的青年先驱。故选D。
53．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China's youngest ever space commander.”24岁的周小姐来自土家族，是中国有史以来最年轻的太空指挥官。可知，"她是土家族最年轻的太空指挥官"不正确。故选A。
54．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.”据媒体报道，她拒绝了多次采访请求，因为她不想让名声影响她的工作。可知，周小姐拒绝媒体的采访邀请是因为她对工作很投入。故选C。
55．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her acrospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of‘the Long March 5 rocket goes around’ battle.(从高中开始，她就有梦想!作为太空研究团队的一员。在她的努力下，2014年她考上了国内一所大学的飞机系统与工程专业，实现了她的太空梦。为了成长为一名指挥员，她在两年半的时间里换了五个岗位，熟悉了多个岗位和工作类型，每一个岗位都需要很大的勇气和挑战。在一个没有空调、只能容纳三人的狭小工作空间里，她工作了60天，直到完成"长征五号火箭绕行"战役)"可知，周女士坚持自己的梦想，不懈努力，勇于挑战，故可推知，我们能从周女士的故事中学到"态度决定高度"的道理。故选A。
C
Why did humans evolve to walk upright Perhaps because it's just plain easier. Make that "energetically less costly," in science-speak.
Bipedalism — walking on two feet — is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees to walk on treadmill while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles. That measurement of the energy needed to move round was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week's online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one quarter of the energy that chimpanzees use while knuckle-walking on four limbs. And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.
However, there were differences among chimpanzees in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different gaits and anatomy. One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.
"What we were surprised at was the variation," he said in telephone interview. "That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution."
Walking, on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to manipulating the world, Raichlen said. "We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids down the path to being human."
The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation.
56．The underlined word "Bipedalism" means .
A．moving sideways B．walking upright
C．walking on four legs D．running fast
57．Why did chimpanzees wear masks in the experiment
A．Masks protect chimpanzees from any harm.
B．Masks help chimpanzees walk steadily.
C．There was heavy smoke in the room.
D．Masks helped to measure how much oxygen chimpanzees consumed
58．We can infer that scientists .
A．have no idea on how human walking on two legs came about
B．have had different views on why chimpanzees walk on four legs
C．have had different views on how human walking on two legs came about
D．have had similar views on how human walking on two legs came about
59．What does the fourth paragraph mainly deal with
A．How did chimpanzees save energy
B．Why didn't chimpanzees walk on two legs
C．David Raichlen researched into chimpanzees.
D．Different chimpanzees consume different energy.
60．According to the passage humans walk upright in order to .
A．conserve energy B．differ from other animals.
C．free their brains D．strengthen their legs
【答案】56．B
57．D
58．C
59．D
60．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现人类直立行走的原因主要是为了节约能量，同时介绍了相关研究以及研究发现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
56．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Why did humans evolve to walk upright ”为什么人类进化成直立行走？；以及第二段中的"walking on two feet — is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came about"可知，用两只脚走路——是人类的决定性特征之一，科学家们多年来一直在争论它是如何产生的。可推断，划线词 Bipedalism 意思是"直立行走"。故选B。
57．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees to walk on treadmill while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption.”在最新的尝试中，研究人员训练五只黑猩猩戴着面具在跑步机上行走，以测量它们的耗氧量。可知，黑猩猩在实验中戴面具，是因为面具有助于测量黑猩猩消耗了多少氧气。故选D。
58．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Bipedalism — walking on two feet — is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came about.”直立行走——用两只脚走路——是人类的决定性特征之一，科学家们多年来一直在争论它是如何产生的。可推知，科学家们对人类如何用两条腿走路有不同的看法。故选C。
59．考查段落大意。根据第四段"However, there were differences among chimpanzees in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different gaits and anatomy. One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.”然而，黑猩猩在消耗能量方面存在差异，这种差异与它们不同的步态和解剖结构有关。亚利桑那大学人类学助理教授大卫·瑞奇伦说，其中一只黑猩猩用两条腿消耗的能量较少，另一只消耗的能量大致相同，而其他的则消耗得更多。可知，第四段主要讲不同的黑猩猩消耗不同的能量。故选D。
60．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Why did humans evolve to walk upright Perhaps because it's just plain easier. Make that‘energetically less costly,’ in science-speak.”为什么人类进化成直立行走？也许是因为这样更简单。用科学术语来说就是"能量成本更低"；以及第三段"It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one quarter of the energy that chimpanzees use while knuckle-walking on four limbs. And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.”事实证明，人类用两条腿走路所消耗的能量只有黑猩猩用四肢用指关节走路所消耗能量的四分之一。平均而言，黑猩猩使用两条腿消耗的能量与使用四肢消耗的能量相同。可知，人类直立行走是为了节约能量。故选A。
D
Sharon Holland and her husband, Jer, are travelling around the world and saving money at the same time by swapping (交换) houses with strangers to keep the bills low. They only have to pay for their flights, meaning they save hundreds of pounds on their holidays each year.
The couple's occupation allows them to enjoy long periods of school holidays. Both work as school Deputy Principals, which allows them to take their children, Cian, 23, Miah, 13, and Faye, 11, abroad up to four times per year. On average, they pay 1,250 per year for flights.
Sharon, from Cork, Ireland, has exchanged her home with a stranger 40 times in the last 13 years and says she's never regret. She said: "I couldn't imagine travelling in any other way now. Swapping our Irish Georgian farmhouse for another house abroad is amazing. There are home-style houses, modern city apartments and beautiful architectural period houses too. Every holiday is different and staying in someone else's house makes our experience more rewarding and enjoyable. We are able to meet more locals and understand the culture more than we would if we were to stay at a hotel. We bring our laptops during the summer weeks as we are both responsible for timetabling and school planning but this can be done at a distance".
Sharon has visited various cities in America, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, the UK and their home country of Ireland. "But our favourite place is Italy. We have been lucky enough to visit there six times. Over the years, every experience has been great—from the architecture to the food. We have made some wonderful happy memories for less", adds she.
61．Why do the couple travel by swapping houses with strangers
A．To avoid taking flights. B．To cut down their travel costs.
C．To improve their living condition. D．To spread local culture.
62．What can we know about Sharon from the text
A．She comes from England and likes Italy.
B．She never lives in a hotel when traveling.
C．She plans to open a school with her husband.
D．She is fond of the way of swapping houses.
63．What does Sharon think of swapping houses with strangers
A．Embarrassing. B．Dangerous. C．Fantastic. D．Traditional.
64．What's the main purpose of the text
A．To introduce ways of exchanging houses.
B．To advise more people to travel worldwide.
C．To share a couple's special way of travelling.
D．To teach us how to save money while traveling,
【答案】61．B
62．D
63．C
64．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了莎伦·霍兰德和她的丈夫杰里在环游世界的同时，通过与陌生人交换房子来节省开支。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
61．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Sharon Holland and her husband, Jer, are travelling around the world and saving money at the same time by swapping houses with strangers to keep the bills low."莎伦·霍兰德和她的丈夫杰里在环游世界的同时，通过与陌生人交换房子来节省开支。可知，这对夫妇要和陌生人交换房子是因为为了减少他们的旅行费用。故选B。
62．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Sharon, from Cork, Ireland, has exchanged her home with a stranger 40 times in the last 13 years and says she's never regret. She said: ‘I couldn't imagine travelling in any other way now. Swapping our Irish Georgian farmhouse for another house abroad is amazing.’"来自爱尔兰科克的莎伦在过去的13年里和陌生人交换了40次房子，她说她从来没有后悔过。她说："我现在无法想象以其他方式旅行。把我们的爱尔兰乔治亚农舍换成国外的另一栋房子真是太棒了。可知，从课文中我们能了解到莎伦她喜欢交换房子的方式。故选D。
63．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"She said: ‘I couldn't imagine travelling in any other way now. Swapping our Irish Georgian farmhouse for another house abroad is amazing. There are home-style houses, modern city apartments and beautiful architectural period houses too. Every holiday is different and staying in someone else's house makes our experience more rewarding and enjoyable."她说："我现在无法想象以其他方式旅行。把我们的爱尔兰乔治亚农舍换成国外的另一栋房子真是太棒了。有家庭风格的房子，现代的城市公寓和漂亮的建筑时期的房子。每个假期都是不同的，住在别人家里会让我们的经历更有意义、更愉快。”可推知，莎伦对和陌生人交换房子感觉非常棒。故选C。
64．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Sharon Holland and her husband, Jer, are travelling around the world and saving money at the same time by swapping houses with strangers to keep the bills low. They only have to pay for their flights, meaning they save hundreds of pounds on their holidays each year."莎伦·霍兰德和她的丈夫杰里在环游世界的同时，通过与陌生人交换房子来节省开支。他们只需要支付机票费用，这意味着他们每年在度假时可以节省数百英镑。可知，文章主要讲的是莎伦·霍兰德和她的丈夫杰里在环游世界的同时，通过与陌生人交换房子来节省开支。可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是分享一对夫妻的特殊旅行方式。故选C。
六、书面表达
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At the age of 12, Lily earned a scholarship to study at a boarding school in Australia. Her father told her to study hard and practice running every day in Australia. She nodded be- cause that was much easier than staying happy in a completely new country. Several days later, she kissed her family and boarded the plane for Australia. As the plane took off, she looked out of the window at the goats and brown rivers of Kenya. She stared down at the green fields where she used to run barefoot(赤脚的), like the wind.
At school, Lily had lots of math problems to solve, essays to write, and books to read. She also joined the school running team. They were preparing for an important running race, in which runners from different schools took part. In order to practice running, her coach gave her a striped shirt, white shorts, shoes with cleats (防滑钉)and another pair with spongy soles(吸水鞋底)for cross-country. Honestly speaking, she had always run barefoot at home, so the shoes felt tight. But all the other runners wore shoes and Lily didn't want to be different.
The team practiced every weekday afternoon. On Saturdays, everyone watched football— everyone but Lily. She would run alone on the country roads barefoot and run over fields thick with mud just as in her hometown. Each day at lunch, she would sit alone in the large dining hall, eating dishes totally strange to her and missing her family.
One Saturday, Lily ran up a hill and found herself in a yard. To her surprise, one of her classmates, Thomas, stood just inside the barn (谷仓) door. After he greeted her, Lily asked, "Why aren't you watching football " "I have to help my father," said Thomas, "but why aren't you wearing your shoes "
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On hearing this question, Lily felt embarrassed
……
On the day of the race, all the runners were wearing professional suits and shoes except Lily.
【答案】 On hearing this question, Lily felt embarrassed. However, she collected her courage to tell him the truth. "You are used to running barefoot That's amazing," said Thomas. "But everybody has his way to do something, so just run in your own way." Then he expressed his admiration and support to her. Lily was moved to tears the moment she heard what Thomas said. She also felt warm and encouraged. From then on, she devoted herself to practicing running barefoot every day.
On the day of the race, all the runners were wearing professional suits and shoes except Lily. She stood barefoot on the lane. However, she was not feeling ashamed because that was her way to run. "Come on, Lily, you can make it!" It was Thomas who was cheering for her. Suddenly, she felt more confident. At last, she won first prize and brought honor to her school. From then on, she could not only concentrate on studying and running, but also she stayed happy in the new school.
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了12岁的Lily在澳大利亚一所寄宿制学校学习。在学校，她有很多数学问题要解决，有论文要写，书要读。她也加入了学校跑步队，但Lily喜欢光着脚练习跑步。一天跑步时，Lily遇到了Thomas，Thomas问她为何光着脚跑步。1.段落续写: ①根据第一段首句内容"听到这个问题， Lily觉得很尴尬"可知，第一段可描写Raha向Thomas解释自己光着脚跑步的原因，并得到了对方的鼓励。②根据第二段首句内容"比赛当天，除了 Lily，所有的赛跑者都穿着职业套装和鞋子"可知，第二段可描写Raha在Thomas的鼓励下，跑步赢得了第一名，也获得了自信。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如："You are used to running barefoot That's amazing," said Thomas.运用了倒装句；But everybody has his way to do something, so just run in your own way.运用了因果并列句； Lily was moved to tears the moment she heard what Thomas said. 运用了时间状语从句，宾语从句；However, she was not feeling ashamed because that was her way to run. 运用了原因状语从句；Come on, Lily, you can make it!运用了祈使句； It was Thomas who was cheering for her. 运用了强调句；From then on, she could not only concentrate on studying and running, but also she stayed happy in the new school.运用了并列句。
基础达标
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
