中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
牛津译林版必修一Unit4单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（原卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
In Ning'er county, Pu'er city, Yunnan province, when the spring tea crop is about to be picked, a favorable sunny day is chosen to worship the god of tea. People show their gratitude to the god for providing them with the ideal weather conditions 1． (make) a living by making Pu'er, a variety of fermented (发酵) tea in Yunnan.
China boasts more than 2, 000 tea products, 2． (main) divided into the following categories-green, yellow, dark, white, oolong, and black and reprocessed teas such as those with a floral scent. Pu'er 3． (fall) under the dark tea category. But debate has arisen over 4． this tea should be placed in 5． new category as it is different in many ways compared with dark tea.
Li Xingchang, 68, is the 6． (eight) inheritor in his family. They make quality Pu'er tea, which once 7． (supply) to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) court 8． a tribute tea, namely, gong cha. In 2009, to fulfill his promise to pass this craft on, Li established a training center for 9． (local) . "Nine local people have since won prizes in 10． (nation) tea-making competitions, "said Li, adding that more than 2000 people have been trained to make Pu'er tea at the center and elsewhere over the years.
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
A. practice B. melt C. recycled D. underway E. last F. predictsG. reliable H. filtration I. challenges J. spots K. realistic
More than 90% of the warming created by humans since the 1970s has been absorbed by the oceans. And just as on land, there is a shift 11． in the sea that will affect the global oceans of 2050, says David Hutchins, a USC Dornsife professor of marine and environmental biology. "The ocean is warming, acidifying, losing oxygen and being overfished and choked with pollutants ranging from nutrients to plastic," he says. "Nearly the entire marine environment is in flux right now."
People will have to deal with rising sea levels as polar ice continues to 12． . Some of the world's most valuable coastal real estate may go underwater later this century.
There are other 13． too. First, it is water distribution across the planet: By 2050, more parts of the world will go through droughts, while others will be deluged with floods. People can't wait until 2050 to figure out a sustainable plan for water supply; they need to plan now.
Then there's the water people need to drink.
In the future, more people will depend on drinking water that's been 14． . The idea of drinking water that's "secondhand "from wastewater or other human uses is off-putting to many, maybe because the public prefers to think it should come from a pristine mountain stream, Childress says. That's not 15． , even today." "Typically, our drinking water comes from a source that was used upstream by others and is being reused by us," she says. "We have regulations in place to ensure that this 16． is safe."
In addition to recycled water, Californians of 2050 will rely more on desalinated seawater, she 17． _. Desalinating seawater is usually the 18． choice for a region's water supply because the process is so energy intensive, but it is a rather 19． supply that will become more useful in the years to come. Right now, 12 desalination plants operate in California, but ocean 20． systems operate in more than 120 countries and are especially critical in countries in the Middle East and the Mediterranean.
三、翻译
21．尽管近来他一直在学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
22．有些业余爱好者表现得非常好，甚至那些专业人士都对他们大加称赞。(praise)
Some amateurs can perform at such a high level that even professionals .
23．运动不仅有利于我们的健康，还有利于我们的情绪。(not only...but also...)
Taking exercise is .
24．我很荣幸来到这里，与你们分享这一刻。
（1） (honour)
（2） (honoured)
25．—Tell me your secret.
— . It wouldn't be a secret if I told you.
——告诉我你的秘密。
——我不会。如果我告诉你，那就不是秘密了。
26．因此，为了我们的社会，也为了我们自己，我们每个人都有责任与伪劣产品作斗争。
So, every one of us has the duty to fake commodities for our society and for ourselves.
27．要成为一名宇航员，你必须身体和心理都要健康。（astronaut; physically; mentally）
28．我们已经发射了许多可以逃离地球引力的火箭，并把多颗卫星送入了太空。（launch; rocket; escape; gravity; satellite; space）
29．I am a success and . 我是一个成功者，这是因为我已经失败了许多次。
30．她决心成为一个独立而聪明的女孩。（be determined to \ determine to; independent; intelligent）
四、完形填空
I have always considered myself an optimist, trying to find the best in every situation. I've recently become 31． of how two little words have had a tremendous impact on people.
My recently divorced daughter 32． to tell me about a house she was 33． in. I held the line and listened. I 34． her for moving forward with her life, and I said, "Honey, I am glad you've found something you like, 35． don't you think, with the gas prices, you might need to buy one 36． to your work " As she told me all 37． the house, I could hear the 38． and joy in her voice. The moment I spoke the word, BUT, it was 39． I had stuck a needle into a balloon. I could hear her 40． deflate (泄气). I wish I'd used the word AND. "Honey, I'm glad you found a house in your price 41． , AND I'm happy for you." I 42． that if I had held my tongue, her 43． wouldn't have changed, and we'd have both 44． feeling better.
Since then, I've been doing some 45． . And I am going to 46． myself from using the BUT word. I think I can 47． it, and I am going to give it my best shot. If I 48． , I will try again, and again to 49． that naughty little word from my vocabulary. I intend to 50． it with the word AND. This is a decision I plan to keep!
31．A．ignorant B．aware C．capable D．sceptical
32．A．phoned B．attempted C．came D．decided
33．A．involved B．trapped C．occupied D．absorbed
34．A．rewarded B．thanked C．qualified D．applauded
35．A．or B．so C．but D．and
36．A．accessible B．available C．beneficial D．close
37．A．in regard to B．on account of C．apart from D．along with
38．A．amazement B．hesitation C．excitement D．confusion
39．A．in case B．because C．whether D．as if
40．A．suddenly B．slowly C．occasionally D．randomly
41．A．expectation B．range C．measurement D．planning
42．A．admit B．recall C．suspect D．promise
43．A．emotions B．struggles C．burdens D．destinations
44．A．come over B．gone off C．set apart D．hung up
45．A．self-reflection B．self-promotion
C．self-support D．self-sacrifice
46．A．excuse B．prevent C．spare D．protect
47．A．improve B．overlook C．monitor D．manage
48．A．keep up B．turn up C．mess up D．give up
49．A．remove B．dismiss C．separate D．distinguish
50．A．connect B．compare C．substitute D．exchange
五、阅读理解
A
There's nothing quite like putting down roots and tending a garden. But what happens if you don't have a backyard Or you're suddenly uprooted Or you decide to go on a road trip and can't get anyone to watch your plants
Just whip up a portable container garden. Sure, it's not the same thing as a plot of land, but it's easy to build and you can move it on demand. In this design, created by researchers at the University of Maryland Extension, a water reservoir helps keep the plants healthy and watered-even if you forget to water them while you're traveling.
Tools & Materials
●Two five-gallon food-grade buckets
●Drill with 1/2-inch hole saw and 1/36-inch bit
●Sandpaper
●Cloth strips
●PVC pipe, 3/ 4 - to 1-inch wide, 18 inches long
●Saw
●1b quarts of soil
●Seedlings or plants
Instructions
⒈Trace the mouth of the pipe on the bottom of one bucket, less than an inch from the edge. Drill and sand out that circle.
⒉Drill the additional 1/2-inch holes—one in the center and four evenly spaced around the edge. For drainage, add eight smaller holes spread around the bottom.
⒊Tie a knot(结) at one end of each cloth strip. Feed the strips through the 1/2-inch holes so the knots sits on the inside and the cloth hangs down.
⒋Put the holey bucket into the second one, mark a spot on the outer bucket where the holey base hits, and separate them. Drill a small overflow hole at the mark and restack the buckets.
⒌Cut one end of the pipe at a 45-degree angle. Push that end through the pipe-size hole in the inner bucket.
⒍Fill the inner bucket with damp soil and plants, and keep them hydrated by pouring water down the pipe. Stop adding water when the overflow hole starts to leak.
TIME 2 hours
COST $50DIFFICULTY...
51．The passage is most likely to appear in ____.
A．a domestic travel magazine B．a popular science journal
C．a fitness magazine D．a fashion journal
52．Which of the following tools or materials is labeled with "B" in the picture
A．Sandpaper. B．PVC pipe.
C．Cloth strips. D．Seedlings.
53．Which of the following functions like a reservoir
A．The outer bucket. B．The 1/2-inch holes.
C．The damp soil. D．The inner bucket.
B
Shining just 12 light-years from Earth, the star Tau Ceti so resembles the sun that it has appeared in numerous science-fiction stories and was the first star astronomers ever searched for signs of intelligent life, half a century ago. In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits(围绕) the sun—one of which is in the star's habitable zone. Newly released images taken by the Herschel Space Observatory provide even more insight about Tau Ceti's solar system: greater detail about its dust belt.
Dust arises when asteroids and comets(小行星和彗星)crash into one another, so its location reveals where these dust-creating objects—which are too small to be seen directly—orbit a star. In Tau Ceti's case," it's quite a wide dust belt, "says Samantha Lawler of the University of Victoria in British Columbia. As her team reported in November, the belt's inner edge is roughly two to three astronomical units (AUs) from the star, which is the position of our own sun's asteroid belt. (An AU is the distance from Earth to the sun.) Tau Ceti's dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system's main Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. Presumably full of asteroids and comets, Tau Ceti's dust belt most likely lacks a planet as large as Jupiter, Lawler says. The gravity of such a massive planet would have driven away most small space rocks.
Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star's five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets' hypothesized(假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust.
lf those planets do exist, however, Lawler's team suggests that Tau Ceti's planetary system may resemble what our solar system would have looked like had the four giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune--never formed: small planets orbiting close to the star, and nothing but asteroids, comets and dust beyond.
54．Astronomers held that the five possible planets of Tau Ceti ____.
A．resembled Earth in size
B．functioned like a solar system
C．were located in Tau Ceti's habitable zone
D．were nearer to Tau Ceti than Mars to the sun
55．Which of the following is true of Tau Ceti's dust belt
A．It is narrower than the asteroid belt in our system.
B．The bodies inside it are all smaller than Jupiter.
C．The gravity of Tau Ceti makes it get denser.
D．It is over 58 astronomical units in width.
56．According to the passage, the five planets are most likely to exist if ____.
A．they don't move into the dust belt while orbiting Tau Ceti
B．they have kept away most asteroids and comets
C．they don't crash into any asteroid or comet
D．they can be seen clearly by ALMA
57．It can be inferred from the passage that Tau Ceti's dust belt ____.
A．is useful because it stops asteroids or comets falling onto the star
B．makes Tau Ceti different from our sun because it extends farther
C．is interesting because it keeps other planets away from Tau Ceti
D．plays a role in helping decide whether the five planets are real
C
Have you ever left a cinema shaking your head after seeing a film with an ending that you could see coming from ten kilometres away Most of us have. A film can have many stars and beautiful locations, but if the screenplay is poor, it's unlikely that it will be a hit with audiences.
Being a screenwriter can be a profitable career and there is no shortage of candidates for the job. However, although the major studios receive thousands of scripts every year, only a few make it to the silver screen. The studios have very set ideas about what makes a good screenplay and if a script doesn't match them, it hasn't got a chance.
The art of screenwriting is greatly influenced by Poetics, the book on the theory of literature written by Aristotle in about 350 BC. Aristotle proposed that a storyline should consist of three parts: a beginning in which we meet the characters and the place where the action occurs, a middle in which a problem that has to be overcome is introduced and finally an end, where the problem, at least in Hollywood films, is solved. It may surprise you to discover that the ancient Greek philosopher's ideas should have so much influence on such a modern art form. It will surprise you even more to learn that his ideas are more popular than ever.
In the seventies, Hollywood scriptwriter, Syd Field, discovered that films that followed Aristotle's plan did much better at the box office than those that didn't. Field studied the most successful films and came up with a more rigorous version of Aristotle's theory. The beginning of the film should last no longer than half an hour, at the end of which a turning point must occur. Field even suggested that the perfect moment for this turning point is the twenty-seventh minute! Then, for the following sixty minutes the main character is involved in facing the challenge that has been set. At the midpoint of this period, the writer may introduce another turning point which must be a reversal in the character's fortunes. The final quarter of the film is for the climax of the story, as the character fights to achieve his aims.
Does it sound familiar It should do, because virtually all Hollywood films follow this scheme. So the next time you accuse a film of being unoriginal, you'll know who to blame!
58．If scripts ____, they have a greater chance to be chosen.
A．are written by a well-known screenwriter
B．match the audience's set idea of a good story
C．agree with studios' standards of a good screenplay
D．are considered to be a good screenplay by the public
59．In the book Poetics, what did Aristotle propose about a storyline
A．The setting should be revealed at the beginning.
B．A problem should be introduced at the beginning.
C．The solution doesn't necessarily appear at the end.
D．More time should be devoted to the end than to the middle.
60．The word "rigorous" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.
A．modern and relaxed B．thorough and strict
C．simple but efficient D．complex but understandable
61．Which of the following questions has been answered in the passage
A．Why many Hollywood films look similar to each other.
B．How a storyline can be improved based on Aristotle's theory.
C．What kinds of Hollywood films appeal more to the audience.
D．Who should be to blame for the decline of the quality of films.
D
Physicists concern themselves with problems that are profound. The origins of the universe, the nature of time, the composition of matter. And then, there's spaghetti. A spaghetti problem has puzzled physicists as famous as Richard Feynman, and he has even been awarded an Ig Nobel Prize. At issue—"Why spaghetti doesn't break into two pieces. Why it breaks into three pieces or more. "
Ronald Heisser, now a graduate student at Cornell, decided to explore the misbehavior of spaghetti for an undergraduate math course he took at MIT.
Now, you may never have noticed it, but it's nearly impossible to break a single, dry piece of spaghetti in half. It is claimed that Feynman noodled with the puzzle. And Heisser became similarly possessed.
"I'm a little bit of a contrarian person. So I thought it would be fun to try and break it into two. No one said you couldn't do that. They just said why it doesn't break into two. "
In fact, the French researchers who were awarded the Ig Nobel prize in 2006 found that when spaghetti is bent evenly from both ends it will crack near the center, where the stick is most curved. But this initial break sets up a vibrational wave(震动波) that quickly breaks the stick further. So you get multiple fragments (碎片).
What Heisser wondered was whether he could somehow get around this vibrational" snapback" effect. And he found you have to do the twist. Heisser built a device for torqueing(转矩) his spaghetti with precision and he observed the resulting fragmentation with a high-speed camera. He discovered that introducing a twist of around 360 degrees to the long strand allowed him to produce the desired single pair of spaghetti pieces.
Although the project was a bit of fun I think it's quite nice when you can find interesting physics and maths hiding behind everyday, sort of boring objects, " said Ronald Heisser.
62．The writer mentions Richard Feynman and the Ig Nobel Prize in paragraph 1 to ____.
A．show that the spaghetti problem is worth exploring
B．provide evidence for the significance of physics
C．introduce a physicist and an important prize
D．justify the necessity of learning physics
63．"A contrarian person" (in paragraph 4) most probably refers to someone ____.
A．who respects those well-known scientists
B．who is always questioning established theories
C．who likes looking for fun from some boring tasks
D．who deliberately behaves in a different way from others
64．Ronald Heisser's project differs from the French researchers' in that it is intended to find out ____.
A．what is the most efficient way to break dry spaghetti
B．why it is important to solve the spaghetti puzzle
C．why a piece of spaghetti cannot break into two
D．how to break a piece of spaghetti into two
65．By the last sentence of the passage, Ronald Heisser implies that ____.
A．daily objects have been inspiring many physicists
B．physics and maths are closely related to our daily life
C．our daily life would be boring without physics or maths
D．the project wasn't expected to deal with everyday objects at first
六、书面表达
假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友Peter发邮件说他正在学汉语，但感觉很吃力，请求你给予帮助。请给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1）举例说明汉语学习的特点；
2）提供一些可行的建议。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【写作要点】
第一段说明写作的目的；
第二段提出建议；
第三段表达愿望。
Dear Peter,
……
Yours,
Li Hua
基础达标
能力提升
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牛津译林版必修一Unit4单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
In Ning'er county, Pu'er city, Yunnan province, when the spring tea crop is about to be picked, a favorable sunny day is chosen to worship the god of tea. People show their gratitude to the god for providing them with the ideal weather conditions 1． (make) a living by making Pu'er, a variety of fermented (发酵) tea in Yunnan.
China boasts more than 2, 000 tea products, 2． (main) divided into the following categories-green, yellow, dark, white, oolong, and black and reprocessed teas such as those with a floral scent. Pu'er 3． (fall) under the dark tea category. But debate has arisen over 4． this tea should be placed in 5． new category as it is different in many ways compared with dark tea.
Li Xingchang, 68, is the 6． (eight) inheritor in his family. They make quality Pu'er tea, which once 7． (supply) to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) court 8． a tribute tea, namely, gong cha. In 2009, to fulfill his promise to pass this craft on, Li established a training center for 9． (local) . "Nine local people have since won prizes in 10． (nation) tea-making competitions, "said Li, adding that more than 2000 people have been trained to make Pu'er tea at the center and elsewhere over the years.
【答案】1．to make；2．mainly；3．falls；4．whether；5．a；6．eighth；7．was supplied；8．as；9．locals；10．national
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了普洱茶的相关知识。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，时态，主谓一致，宾语从句，冠词，数词，时态语态，介词，名词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：人们感谢上帝为他们提供了理想的天气条件，让他们通过制作普洱来谋生，普洱是云南的一种发酵茶。此处不定式作目的状语，故填 to make 。
2．句意：中国拥有2000多种茶产品，主要分为以下几类：绿色、黄色、深色、白色、乌龙茶和红茶，以及带有花香的再加工茶。此处副词修饰过去分词 divided ，作状语，故填 mainly 。
3．句意：普洱属于红茶类。此处是谓语动词，陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语 Pu'er 属于单数名词，故填 falls 。
4．句意：但人们对这种茶是否应该被归入一个新的类别产生了争论，因为它与红茶在很多方面都不同。结合句意可知，此处是whether引导的宾语从句，故填 whether 。
5．句意：但人们对这种茶是否应该被归入一个新的类别产生了争论，因为它与红茶在很多方面都不同。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，故填a。
6．句意：68岁的李兴昌是家里的第八位继承人。此处序数词修饰名词 inheritor ，作定语，故填 eighth。
7．句意：他们生产优质的普洱茶，曾作为贡茶供应给清朝（1644-1911）宫廷，即贡茶。此处是谓语动词，与主语 which 是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合语境应用一般过去时，故填 was supplied 。
8．句意：他们生产优质的普洱茶，曾作为贡茶供应给清朝（1644-1911）宫廷，即贡茶。supplu to ...as...固定短语，“作为......供应给......”，故填as。
9．句意：2009年，为了兑现将这门技艺传承下去的承诺，李为当地人建立了一个培训中心。此处名词作介词宾语，是泛指，应用复数形式，故填 locals 。
10．句意：自那以后，已有9名当地人在全国制茶比赛中获奖。此处形容词作定语，修饰名词 tea-making competitions ，故填 national 。
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
A. practice B. melt C. recycled D. underway E. last F. predictsG. reliable H. filtration I. challenges J. spots K. realistic
More than 90% of the warming created by humans since the 1970s has been absorbed by the oceans. And just as on land, there is a shift 11． in the sea that will affect the global oceans of 2050, says David Hutchins, a USC Dornsife professor of marine and environmental biology. "The ocean is warming, acidifying, losing oxygen and being overfished and choked with pollutants ranging from nutrients to plastic," he says. "Nearly the entire marine environment is in flux right now."
People will have to deal with rising sea levels as polar ice continues to 12． . Some of the world's most valuable coastal real estate may go underwater later this century.
There are other 13． too. First, it is water distribution across the planet: By 2050, more parts of the world will go through droughts, while others will be deluged with floods. People can't wait until 2050 to figure out a sustainable plan for water supply; they need to plan now.
Then there's the water people need to drink.
In the future, more people will depend on drinking water that's been 14． . The idea of drinking water that's "secondhand "from wastewater or other human uses is off-putting to many, maybe because the public prefers to think it should come from a pristine mountain stream, Childress says. That's not 15． , even today." "Typically, our drinking water comes from a source that was used upstream by others and is being reused by us," she says. "We have regulations in place to ensure that this 16． is safe."
In addition to recycled water, Californians of 2050 will rely more on desalinated seawater, she 17． _. Desalinating seawater is usually the 18． choice for a region's water supply because the process is so energy intensive, but it is a rather 19． supply that will become more useful in the years to come. Right now, 12 desalination plants operate in California, but ocean 20． systems operate in more than 120 countries and are especially critical in countries in the Middle East and the Mediterranean.
【答案】11．D；12．B；13．I；14．C；15．K；16．A；17．F；18．E；19．G；20．H
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球变暖对海洋造成的影响。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：南加州大学多恩西夫分校海洋与环境生物学教授大卫·哈钦斯表示，与陆地一样，海洋正在发生变化，这将影响到2050年的全球海洋。 underway 形容词，“正在进行的”，此处作后置定语，故选D。
12．句意：随着极地冰层继续融化，人们将不得不应对海平面的上升。 melt动词， “融化”，此处不定式作宾语，故选B。
13．句意：还有其他挑战。 challenges 名词，“挑战”，此处名词作主语，故选 I 。
14．句意：在未来，更多的人将依赖于回收的饮用水。 recycled 动词，“循环”，与助动词has been构成现在完成时的被动语态，故选C。
15．句意：甚至在今天，这也不现实。 realistic 形容词，“现实的”，此处形容词作表语，故选K。
16．句意：我们制定了相关规定，以确保这种做法是安全的。 practice 名词，“惯例，规定”，此处作主语，故选A。
17．句意：她预测，除了循环水，到2050年，加州人将更加依赖淡化海水。 predicts 动词，“预测”，此处作谓语，故选F。
18．句意：海水淡化通常是一个地区供水的最后选择，因为这一过程非常耗能，但它是一种相当可靠的供应，在未来几年将变得更加有用。 last 形容词，“最后的”，此处修饰名词 choice ，作定语，故选E。
19．句意：海水淡化通常是一个地区供水的最后选择，因为这一过程非常耗能，但它是一种相当可靠的供应，在未来几年将变得更加有用。 reliable 形容词，“可靠的”，此处修饰名词 supply ，作定语，故选G。
20．句意：目前，加利福尼亚州有12家海水淡化厂，但海洋过滤系统在120多个国家运行，在中东和地中海国家尤为重要。 filtration 名词，“过滤”，此处修饰名词 systems ，作定语，故选H。
三、翻译
21．尽管近来他一直在学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
【答案】Although doing his best
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分 “尽管尽力学” ， 应用连词although，以及动词短语do one's best，且与主语he是主动关系，应用现在分词，与although构成让步状语从句的省略，故答案为： Although doing his best 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及让步状语从句的省略以及固定短语do one's best。
22．有些业余爱好者表现得非常好，甚至那些专业人士都对他们大加称赞。(praise)
Some amateurs can perform at such a high level that even professionals .
【答案】sing high praises for them
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“ 对他们大加称赞 ”， 应用动词短语sing high praises for sb. “高度赞扬某人”，结合 Some amateurs can perform at such a high level 的时态，应用一般现在时，故答案为： sing high praises for them 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定短语 sing high praises for sb.
23．运动不仅有利于我们的健康，还有利于我们的情绪。(not only...but also...)
Taking exercise is .
【答案】not only good for our health but also for our mood
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“ 不仅有利于我们的健康，还有利于我们的情绪 ”， 结合题目要求，应用 not only...but also... 结构，“有利于”应用动词短语be good for，“我们的健康”用 our health 表达，“ 我们的情绪 ”用 our mood 表达，故答案为： not only good for our health but also for our mood 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语 not only...but also... 和be good for。
24．我很荣幸来到这里，与你们分享这一刻。
（1） (honour)
（2） (honoured)
【答案】（1）It's my honour to be here, sharing the moment with you.
（2）I feel honored to be here ,sharing the moment with you.
【解析】【分析】（1）根据提示应用 honour ，可知应用固定句式It is one's honour to do，“ 我很荣幸来到这里 ”译为： It's my honour to be here ；“ 与你们分享这一刻 ”应用动词短语share ...with...“与....分享....”，译为： share the moment with you，现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为：It's my honour to be here, sharing the moment with you.
（2）根据提示应用honoured ，可知应用固定句式sb. be/feel honored to do ,“ 我很荣幸来到这里 ”译为： I am/feel honored to be here ；“ 与你们分享这一刻 ”应用动词短语share ...with...“与....分享....”，译为： share the moment with you，现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为：I am/feel honored to be here ,sharing the moment with you.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，现在分词作状语，以及固定句式It is one's honour to do，sb. be/feel honored to do和固定短语share ...with...。
25．—Tell me your secret.
— . It wouldn't be a secret if I told you.
——告诉我你的秘密。
——我不会。如果我告诉你，那就不是秘密了。
【答案】I won't
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“ 我不会。 ”，“ 告诉我你的秘密。 ”这件事是将要发生的事情，因此此处应用一般将来时的否定，故答案为： I won't 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般将来时。
26．因此，为了我们的社会，也为了我们自己，我们每个人都有责任与伪劣产品作斗争。
So, every one of us has the duty to fake commodities for our society and for ourselves.
【答案】fight against
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“ 与......作斗争 ”， 应用动词短语 fight against ，此处不定式作定语，故答案为： fight against 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作定语以及固定短语 fight against 。
27．要成为一名宇航员，你必须身体和心理都要健康。（astronaut; physically; mentally）
【答案】To be an astronaut, you must he both physically and mentally healthy.
【解析】【分析】“要成为一名宇航员”用不定式to be an astronaut作目的状语，位于句首，首字母要大写，"必须"用must，其后用动词原形，"都"用并列连词both...and...，“身体和心理都要健康” 用be both physically and mentally healthy表达，故答案为：To be an astronaut, you must be both physically and mentally healthy.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作目的状语以及固定短语both...and...。
28．我们已经发射了许多可以逃离地球引力的火箭，并把多颗卫星送入了太空。（launch; rocket; escape; gravity; satellite; space）
【答案】We have launched many rockets that can escape the Earth's gravity and sent many satellites into space.
【解析】【分析】"我们已经发射了许多火箭"，是主谓宾结构，结合汉语提示应用现在完成时，译为：We have launched many rockets，"可以逃离地球引力的"是限制性定语从句，先行词是 many rockets，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that引导，可以逃离地球引力的翻译为that can escape the Earth's gravity，并把多颗卫星送入了太空and sent many satellites into space作定语从句中escape的并列谓语。故答案为：We have launched many rockets which/that can escape the Earth's gravity and sent many satellites into space.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时以及限制性定语从句。
29．I am a success and . 我是一个成功者，这是因为我已经失败了许多次。
【答案】that's because
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“ 这是因为 ” ， 应用固定句式“ that's because ...”，because引导表语从句，结合I am a success 可知应用一般现在时，故答案为： that's because 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及because引导的表语从句和一般现在时。
30．她决心成为一个独立而聪明的女孩。（be determined to \ determine to; independent; intelligent）
【答案】She is determined to be an independent and intelligent girl.
【解析】【分析】此句指的是现在的事情，要用一般现在时；“决心（做某事）”应用动词短语be determined to do，后接动词原形；"一个独立而聪明的女孩"用an independent and intelligent girl表达，故答案为：She is determined to be an independent and intelligent girl.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定短语be determined to do。
四、完形填空
I have always considered myself an optimist, trying to find the best in every situation. I've recently become 31． of how two little words have had a tremendous impact on people.
My recently divorced daughter 32． to tell me about a house she was 33． in. I held the line and listened. I 34． her for moving forward with her life, and I said, "Honey, I am glad you've found something you like, 35． don't you think, with the gas prices, you might need to buy one 36． to your work " As she told me all 37． the house, I could hear the 38． and joy in her voice. The moment I spoke the word, BUT, it was 39． I had stuck a needle into a balloon. I could hear her 40． deflate (泄气). I wish I'd used the word AND. "Honey, I'm glad you found a house in your price 41． , AND I'm happy for you." I 42． that if I had held my tongue, her 43． wouldn't have changed, and we'd have both 44． feeling better.
Since then, I've been doing some 45． . And I am going to 46． myself from using the BUT word. I think I can 47． it, and I am going to give it my best shot. If I 48． , I will try again, and again to 49． that naughty little word from my vocabulary. I intend to 50． it with the word AND. This is a decision I plan to keep!
31．A．ignorant B．aware C．capable D．sceptical
32．A．phoned B．attempted C．came D．decided
33．A．involved B．trapped C．occupied D．absorbed
34．A．rewarded B．thanked C．qualified D．applauded
35．A．or B．so C．but D．and
36．A．accessible B．available C．beneficial D．close
37．A．in regard to B．on account of C．apart from D．along with
38．A．amazement B．hesitation C．excitement D．confusion
39．A．in case B．because C．whether D．as if
40．A．suddenly B．slowly C．occasionally D．randomly
41．A．expectation B．range C．measurement D．planning
42．A．admit B．recall C．suspect D．promise
43．A．emotions B．struggles C．burdens D．destinations
44．A．come over B．gone off C．set apart D．hung up
45．A．self-reflection B．self-promotion
C．self-support D．self-sacrifice
46．A．excuse B．prevent C．spare D．protect
47．A．improve B．overlook C．monitor D．manage
48．A．keep up B．turn up C．mess up D．give up
49．A．remove B．dismiss C．separate D．distinguish
50．A．connect B．compare C．substitute D．exchange
【答案】31．B；32．A；33．D；34．D；35．C；36．D；37．A；38．C；39．D；40．B；41．B；42．C；43．D；44．A；45．B；46．B；47．D；48．C；49．A；50．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过女儿买房这件事领悟到对别人应该少说"BUT"，多说"AND"。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，连词，状语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
31．句意：最近，我意识到两个小词是如何对人们产生巨大影响的。A：ignorant"愚昧的，无知的"；B：awaree"知道的，明白的，意识到的"；C：capable"有能力的"；D：sceptical "表示怀疑的"。根据下文可知，此处指作者最近意识到两个小小的单词对人的影响有多么巨大。故选B。
32．句意：我刚离婚的女儿打电话给我，告诉我她正全神贯注于一所房子。A：phoned“打电话”；B：attempted"企图，试图"；C：came“来”；D：decided "决定"。根据下文"I held the line and listened"可知，此处指作者最近离婚的女儿打电话告诉作者她感兴趣的一所房子。故选A。
33．句意：我刚离婚的女儿打电话给我，告诉我她正全神贯注于一所房子。A：involved“参与”；B：trapped“困住”；C：occupied“占用”；D：absorbed “吸收”。根据下文"I am glad you've found something you like"。我很高兴你找到了你喜欢的东西，可知此处指全神贯注于一所房子。be absorbed in固定短语，"被……吸引住"，故选D。
34．句意：我为她继续她的生活而鼓掌，我说：“亲爱的，我很高兴你找到了你喜欢的东西，但你不认为，考虑到汽油价格，你可能需要在工作附近买一个吗？”A：rewarded"奖励，奖赏"；B：thanked“感谢”；C：qualified"(使)有权利"；D：applauded "称赞，赞赏"。根据空后"her for moving forward with her life"及上文提到作者的女儿最近离婚了的内容可知，此处作者称赞了女儿。故选D。
35．句意：我为她继续她的生活而鼓掌，我说：“亲爱的，我很高兴你找到了你喜欢的东西，但你不认为，考虑到汽油价格，你可能需要在工作附近买一个吗？”A：or“或者，否则”；B：so“所以”；C：but“但是”；D：and“并且”。 此处表示"亲爱的，我很高兴你找到了你喜欢的东西，但是，考虑到油价，难道你不觉得你可能需要买一所靠近你工作的地方的房子吗？"前后句之间存在转折关系，故选C。
36．句意：我为她继续她的生活而鼓掌，我说：“亲爱的，我很高兴你找到了你喜欢的东西，但你不认为，考虑到汽油价格，你可能需要在工作附近买一个吗？”A：accessible"易进入的，易使用的"；B：available"可获得的，有空的"；C：beneficial"有利的，有用的"；D：close "接近的，靠近的"。根据语境可知此处指靠近工作的地方，故选D。
37．句意：当她告诉我关于房子的一切时，我能从她的声音中听到兴奋和喜悦。A：in regard to"关于，至于"；B：on account of "因为，由于"；C：apart from"除了……外"；D：along with"连同，与……一道"。根据语境可知，此处指所有关于那所房子的事情，故选A。
38．句意：当她告诉我关于房子的一切时，我能从她的声音中听到兴奋和喜悦。A：amazement"惊奇，吃惊"；B：hesitation"犹豫"；C：excitement"兴奋，激动"；D：confusion "困惑，不确定"。根据空后的"and joy"，可推知此处指声音中带着兴奋，故选C。
39．句意：我说出这个词的那一刻，就好像我把一根针扎进了气球。A：in case“以防”；B：because“因为”；C：whether“是否”；D：as if "似乎，好像，仿佛"。根据语境可知，此处指这就好像作者用针扎了气球一样。as if引导表语从句，故选D。
40．句意：我能听到她慢慢放气的声音。A：suddenly“突然”；B：slowly“慢慢地”；C：occasionally“偶然”；D：randomly “"任意地"”。根据空前"stuck a needle into a balloon"并结合常识可知，用针扎了气球后，气球会慢慢地变瘪，此处意在突出女儿逐渐变得失落。故选B。
41．句意：亲爱的，我很高兴你在你的价格范围内找到了一套房子，我为你感到高兴。A：expectation"期望，期待"；B：range“范围”；C：measurement"测量，度量"；D：planning "计划"。作者希望自己之前用的是 AND 这个词，并对女儿说："亲爱的，我很高兴你在你的价格(承受)范围内找到了一所房子，而且我为你感到高兴。in one's price range固定短语，“在某人的价格范围以内"。故选B。
42．句意：我怀疑如果我保持沉默，她的目的地就不会改变，我们来的时候会感觉更好。A：admit"承认”；B：recall"回忆起"；C：suspect"怀疑，觉得(尤指坏事可能真实或发生)"；D：promise"承诺"。 作者觉得如果自己忍住不说(这句话)，那么女儿的情绪可能就不会改变，而且在挂断电话的时候双方都会感觉更好。故选C。
43．句意：我怀疑如果我保持沉默，她的目的地就不会改变，我们来的时候会感觉更好。A：emotions"情感，情绪"；B：struggles“挣扎，努力”；C：burdens“负担”；D：destinations “目的地”。根据语境可知，此处指女儿的情绪可能就不会改变，故选A。
44．句意：我怀疑如果我保持沉默，她的目的地就不会改变，我们来的时候会感觉更好。A：come over“短暂造访，改变立场”；B：gone off"继续下去"；C：set apart"使显得与众不同，留出"；D：hung up "挂断(电话)"。根据语境可知，此处指来的时候，故选A。
45．句意：从那以后，我一直在做一些自我推销。A：self-reflection“自省”；B：self-promotion"自抬身价"；C：self-support“自给，自立”；D：self-sacrifice“自我牺牲”。根据下文的内容可知，此处指作者在自我推销，故选B。
46．句意：我要防止自己使用“但是”这个词。A：excuse"准许……离开，同意免除"；B：prevent“阻止”；C：spare“抽出”；D：protect“保护”。 根据语境可知此处作者将自己使用 BUT 这个词。故选B。
47．句意：我想我能应付，我会全力以赴。A：improve"提高，改善"；B：overlook"忽略，不予理会"；C：monitor"监视，检查"；D：manage "完成(困难的事)，应付(困难局面等)"。根据语境可知作者认为自己能做到。故选D。
48．句意：如果我搞砸了，我会再试一次，一次又一次地把那个顽皮的小单词从我的词汇表中删除。A：keep up"继续"；B：turn up"出现，露面"；C：mess up"把……弄糟，胡乱地做"；D: give up“放弃” 。如果作者搞砸了，作者会再次进行尝试。故选C。
49．句意：如果我搞砸了，我会再试一次，一次又一次地把那个顽皮的小单词从我的词汇表中删除。A：remove"移开，拿开，去掉"；B：dismiss"解雇，摒除(思想、感情等)"；C：separate"使分开，分离"；D：distinguish "区分，辨别"。作者将会一次又一次地尝试把那个淘气的小单词从自己的词汇表中移出去。 故选A。
50．句意：我打算用AND这个词来交换。A：connect"连接"；B：compare"对比，比较"；C：substitute"(用……)代替，取代"；D：exchange“交流”。 作者打算用 AND 来代替它(指 BUT)。exchange sth. with sb.固定短语，"与某人交流某事"，故选D。
五、阅读理解
A
There's nothing quite like putting down roots and tending a garden. But what happens if you don't have a backyard Or you're suddenly uprooted Or you decide to go on a road trip and can't get anyone to watch your plants
Just whip up a portable container garden. Sure, it's not the same thing as a plot of land, but it's easy to build and you can move it on demand. In this design, created by researchers at the University of Maryland Extension, a water reservoir helps keep the plants healthy and watered-even if you forget to water them while you're traveling.
Tools & Materials
●Two five-gallon food-grade buckets
●Drill with 1/2-inch hole saw and 1/36-inch bit
●Sandpaper
●Cloth strips
●PVC pipe, 3/ 4 - to 1-inch wide, 18 inches long
●Saw
●1b quarts of soil
●Seedlings or plants
Instructions
⒈Trace the mouth of the pipe on the bottom of one bucket, less than an inch from the edge. Drill and sand out that circle.
⒉Drill the additional 1/2-inch holes—one in the center and four evenly spaced around the edge. For drainage, add eight smaller holes spread around the bottom.
⒊Tie a knot(结) at one end of each cloth strip. Feed the strips through the 1/2-inch holes so the knots sits on the inside and the cloth hangs down.
⒋Put the holey bucket into the second one, mark a spot on the outer bucket where the holey base hits, and separate them. Drill a small overflow hole at the mark and restack the buckets.
⒌Cut one end of the pipe at a 45-degree angle. Push that end through the pipe-size hole in the inner bucket.
⒍Fill the inner bucket with damp soil and plants, and keep them hydrated by pouring water down the pipe. Stop adding water when the overflow hole starts to leak.
TIME 2 hours
COST $50DIFFICULTY...
51．The passage is most likely to appear in ____.
A．a domestic travel magazine B．a popular science journal
C．a fitness magazine D．a fashion journal
52．Which of the following tools or materials is labeled with "B" in the picture
A．Sandpaper. B．PVC pipe.
C．Cloth strips. D．Seedlings.
53．Which of the following functions like a reservoir
A．The outer bucket. B．The 1/2-inch holes.
C．The damp soil. D．The inner bucket.
【答案】51．B
52．C
53．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了如何建造一个便携式集装箱花园。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
51．考查推理判断。根据短文内容可知，本文介绍了介绍了如何建造一个便携式集装箱花园。可推知可能出现在流行的科学杂志上，故选B。
52．考查细节理解。根据图片内容可知指的是“ Tie a knot(结) at one end of each cloth strip. Feed the strips through the 1/2-inch holes so the knots sits on the inside and the cloth hangs down. ”打个结(结) 在每个布条的一端。将条带穿过1/2英寸的孔，使结位于内侧，布料垂下。故选C。
53．考查细节理解。根据空后“Put the holey bucket into the second one, mark a spot on the outer bucket where the holey base hits, and separate them. Drill a small overflow hole at the mark and restack the buckets. ”将多孔桶放入第二 个桶中， 在外桶上标记多孔底座撞击 的位置， 并将它们分开。 在标记处钻一个小溢流孔，然后重新装上铲斗。可推知外筒相当于蓄水池，故选A。
B
Shining just 12 light-years from Earth, the star Tau Ceti so resembles the sun that it has appeared in numerous science-fiction stories and was the first star astronomers ever searched for signs of intelligent life, half a century ago. In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits(围绕) the sun—one of which is in the star's habitable zone. Newly released images taken by the Herschel Space Observatory provide even more insight about Tau Ceti's solar system: greater detail about its dust belt.
Dust arises when asteroids and comets(小行星和彗星)crash into one another, so its location reveals where these dust-creating objects—which are too small to be seen directly—orbit a star. In Tau Ceti's case," it's quite a wide dust belt, "says Samantha Lawler of the University of Victoria in British Columbia. As her team reported in November, the belt's inner edge is roughly two to three astronomical units (AUs) from the star, which is the position of our own sun's asteroid belt. (An AU is the distance from Earth to the sun.) Tau Ceti's dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system's main Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. Presumably full of asteroids and comets, Tau Ceti's dust belt most likely lacks a planet as large as Jupiter, Lawler says. The gravity of such a massive planet would have driven away most small space rocks.
Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star's five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets' hypothesized(假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust.
lf those planets do exist, however, Lawler's team suggests that Tau Ceti's planetary system may resemble what our solar system would have looked like had the four giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune--never formed: small planets orbiting close to the star, and nothing but asteroids, comets and dust beyond.
54．Astronomers held that the five possible planets of Tau Ceti ____.
A．resembled Earth in size
B．functioned like a solar system
C．were located in Tau Ceti's habitable zone
D．were nearer to Tau Ceti than Mars to the sun
55．Which of the following is true of Tau Ceti's dust belt
A．It is narrower than the asteroid belt in our system.
B．The bodies inside it are all smaller than Jupiter.
C．The gravity of Tau Ceti makes it get denser.
D．It is over 58 astronomical units in width.
56．According to the passage, the five planets are most likely to exist if ____.
A．they don't move into the dust belt while orbiting Tau Ceti
B．they have kept away most asteroids and comets
C．they don't crash into any asteroid or comet
D．they can be seen clearly by ALMA
57．It can be inferred from the passage that Tau Ceti's dust belt ____.
A．is useful because it stops asteroids or comets falling onto the star
B．makes Tau Ceti different from our sun because it extends farther
C．is interesting because it keeps other planets away from Tau Ceti
D．plays a role in helping decide whether the five planets are real
【答案】54．D
55．D
56．A
57．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了恒星天仓五的尘埃带的一些情况，以及在决定天仓五的五颗可能的行星是否真实存在方面的作用。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
54．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits (围绕……运动) the sun—one of which is in the star's habitable zone.”2012年，天文学家们报道了五颗可能比地球大一些的行星，它们围绕着恒星天仓五运行，比火星绕太阳运行的距离更近，其中一颗位于恒星的可居住区，这使得天仓五变得更加有趣)”可知，天仓五的五颗可能的行星离天仓五的距离比火星离太阳的距离更近，故选D。
55．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Tau Ceti's dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system's main Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. ”天仓五的尘埃带延伸到55个天文单位，刚好在我们系统的主要埃奇沃斯-柯伊伯带之外，这个小天体带的最大成员可能是冥王星。可知，天仓五的尘埃带延伸到55个天文单位，也就是说天仓五的尘埃带的宽度超过55个天文单位。故选D。
56．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust.”如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源。可知，如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么这五颗行星很可能不存在，也就意味着如果它们在绕天仓五运行时轨道没有和尘埃盘重叠，也就是没有进入尘埃带，那么它们可能是存在的，故选A。
57．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star's five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust.”一年内，位于智利的一系列名为ALMA的新射电望远镜将提供更清晰的圆盘图像，特别是其内缘。ALMA的图像将帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在。如果圆盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源。可知，根据天仓五尘埃带是否和假设的行星轨道重叠，能帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在，所以天仓五的尘埃带在决定五颗行星是否真实存在方面起着重要作用，故选D。
C
Have you ever left a cinema shaking your head after seeing a film with an ending that you could see coming from ten kilometres away Most of us have. A film can have many stars and beautiful locations, but if the screenplay is poor, it's unlikely that it will be a hit with audiences.
Being a screenwriter can be a profitable career and there is no shortage of candidates for the job. However, although the major studios receive thousands of scripts every year, only a few make it to the silver screen. The studios have very set ideas about what makes a good screenplay and if a script doesn't match them, it hasn't got a chance.
The art of screenwriting is greatly influenced by Poetics, the book on the theory of literature written by Aristotle in about 350 BC. Aristotle proposed that a storyline should consist of three parts: a beginning in which we meet the characters and the place where the action occurs, a middle in which a problem that has to be overcome is introduced and finally an end, where the problem, at least in Hollywood films, is solved. It may surprise you to discover that the ancient Greek philosopher's ideas should have so much influence on such a modern art form. It will surprise you even more to learn that his ideas are more popular than ever.
In the seventies, Hollywood scriptwriter, Syd Field, discovered that films that followed Aristotle's plan did much better at the box office than those that didn't. Field studied the most successful films and came up with a more rigorous version of Aristotle's theory. The beginning of the film should last no longer than half an hour, at the end of which a turning point must occur. Field even suggested that the perfect moment for this turning point is the twenty-seventh minute! Then, for the following sixty minutes the main character is involved in facing the challenge that has been set. At the midpoint of this period, the writer may introduce another turning point which must be a reversal in the character's fortunes. The final quarter of the film is for the climax of the story, as the character fights to achieve his aims.
Does it sound familiar It should do, because virtually all Hollywood films follow this scheme. So the next time you accuse a film of being unoriginal, you'll know who to blame!
58．If scripts ____, they have a greater chance to be chosen.
A．are written by a well-known screenwriter
B．match the audience's set idea of a good story
C．agree with studios' standards of a good screenplay
D．are considered to be a good screenplay by the public
59．In the book Poetics, what did Aristotle propose about a storyline
A．The setting should be revealed at the beginning.
B．A problem should be introduced at the beginning.
C．The solution doesn't necessarily appear at the end.
D．More time should be devoted to the end than to the middle.
60．The word "rigorous" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.
A．modern and relaxed B．thorough and strict
C．simple but efficient D．complex but understandable
61．Which of the following questions has been answered in the passage
A．Why many Hollywood films look similar to each other.
B．How a storyline can be improved based on Aristotle's theory.
C．What kinds of Hollywood films appeal more to the audience.
D．Who should be to blame for the decline of the quality of films.
【答案】58．C
59．A
60．B
61．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了亚里士多德提出的故事情节理论对现代的电影剧本的影响，而好莱坞编剧西德·菲尔德更是在此基础上提出了更全面、更严格的理论，导致好莱坞电影看上去都是差不多套路。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
58．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The studios have very set ideas about what makes a good screenplay and if a script doesn’t match them, it hasn’t got a chance. ”电影公司对于怎样才能写出好剧本有非常固定的想法，如果一个剧本与他们不匹配，它就没有机会。可知，电影公司对于好剧本有着自己的标准，符合这个标准的就是好的剧本，很有可能会被电影公司选中。故选C。
59．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Aristotle proposed that a storyline should consist of three parts: a beginning in which we meet the characters and the place where the action occurs, a middle in which a problem that has to be overcome is introduced and finally an end, where the problem, at least in Hollywood films, is solved. ”亚里士多德提出，故事情节应该包括三个部分：故事的开始，在这里我们遇到了角色和故事发生的地方；中间部分，在这里介绍一个要克服的问题；最后结束，在这里，这个问题，至少在好莱坞电影，被解决。可知，里士多德对故事情节的建议中，在故事开始时，要有人物和地点等故事背景。故选A。
60．考查词义猜测。根据第四段“In the seventies, Hollywood scriptwriter, Syd Field, discovered that films that followed Aristotle's plan did much better at the box office than those that didn’t. Field studied the most successful films and came up with a more rigorous version of Aristotle's theory. The beginning of the film should last no longer than half an hour, at the end of which a turning point must occur. Field even suggested that the perfect moment for this turning point is the twenty-seventh minute! Then, for the following sixty minutes the main character is involved in facing the challenge that has been set. At the midpoint of this period, the writer may introduce another turning point which must be a reversal in the character's fortunes. The final quarter of the film is for the climax of the story, as the character fights to achieve their aims. ”七十年代，好莱坞编剧西德·菲尔德发现，遵循亚里士多德计划的电影票房要比那些不遵循亚里士多德计划的电影好得多。菲尔德研究了最成功的电影，并提出了一个更rigorous的亚里士多德理论版本。影片的开头不应超过半小时，在结尾必须出现一个转折点。菲尔德甚至认为27分钟是这个转折点的完美时刻！然后，在接下来的60分钟里，主角要面对已经设定好的挑战。在这个时期中，作者可能会引入另一个转折点，这一定是人物命运的逆转。影片的最后四分之一是故事的高潮，因为角色为了实现他们的目标而战斗。可知，根据最成功的电影中对亚里士多德计划的运用，菲尔德提出了比亚里士多德计划更加全面的，严格的理论版本，把电影的开头、中间过程、结束的时间段明确化。rigorous与B项“thorough and strict”意思相近。故选B。
61．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Does it sound familiar It should do, because virtually all Hollywood films follow this scheme.”听起来耳熟吗？应该是的，因为几乎所有的好莱坞电影都遵循这个方案。可知，好莱坞电影看着大同小异，因为都遵循菲尔德提出的理论。故选A。
D
Physicists concern themselves with problems that are profound. The origins of the universe, the nature of time, the composition of matter. And then, there's spaghetti. A spaghetti problem has puzzled physicists as famous as Richard Feynman, and he has even been awarded an Ig Nobel Prize. At issue—"Why spaghetti doesn't break into two pieces. Why it breaks into three pieces or more. "
Ronald Heisser, now a graduate student at Cornell, decided to explore the misbehavior of spaghetti for an undergraduate math course he took at MIT.
Now, you may never have noticed it, but it's nearly impossible to break a single, dry piece of spaghetti in half. It is claimed that Feynman noodled with the puzzle. And Heisser became similarly possessed.
"I'm a little bit of a contrarian person. So I thought it would be fun to try and break it into two. No one said you couldn't do that. They just said why it doesn't break into two. "
In fact, the French researchers who were awarded the Ig Nobel prize in 2006 found that when spaghetti is bent evenly from both ends it will crack near the center, where the stick is most curved. But this initial break sets up a vibrational wave(震动波) that quickly breaks the stick further. So you get multiple fragments (碎片).
What Heisser wondered was whether he could somehow get around this vibrational" snapback" effect. And he found you have to do the twist. Heisser built a device for torqueing(转矩) his spaghetti with precision and he observed the resulting fragmentation with a high-speed camera. He discovered that introducing a twist of around 360 degrees to the long strand allowed him to produce the desired single pair of spaghetti pieces.
Although the project was a bit of fun I think it's quite nice when you can find interesting physics and maths hiding behind everyday, sort of boring objects, " said Ronald Heisser.
62．The writer mentions Richard Feynman and the Ig Nobel Prize in paragraph 1 to ____.
A．show that the spaghetti problem is worth exploring
B．provide evidence for the significance of physics
C．introduce a physicist and an important prize
D．justify the necessity of learning physics
63．"A contrarian person" (in paragraph 4) most probably refers to someone ____.
A．who respects those well-known scientists
B．who is always questioning established theories
C．who likes looking for fun from some boring tasks
D．who deliberately behaves in a different way from others
64．Ronald Heisser's project differs from the French researchers' in that it is intended to find out ____.
A．what is the most efficient way to break dry spaghetti
B．why it is important to solve the spaghetti puzzle
C．why a piece of spaghetti cannot break into two
D．how to break a piece of spaghetti into two
65．By the last sentence of the passage, Ronald Heisser implies that ____.
A．daily objects have been inspiring many physicists
B．physics and maths are closely related to our daily life
C．our daily life would be boring without physics or maths
D．the project wasn't expected to deal with everyday objects at first
【答案】62．A
63．D
64．D
65．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家对意大利面的研究。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
62．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A spaghetti problem has puzzled physicists as famous as Richard Feynman, and he has even been awarded an Ig Nobel Prize. ”意大利面问题困扰着像Richard Feynman一样著名的物理学家，他甚至获得了搞笑诺贝尔奖。可推知其目的是说明意大利面仍然值得探索，故选A。
63．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“ So I thought it would be fun to try and break it into two. ”所以我觉得把它一分为二会很有趣。可知 A contrarian person 是指以不同的方式处理问题的人们，故选D。
64．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ They just said why it doesn't break into two. ”他们只是说为什么它不能一分为二。可推知塔讨论的是如何将面分成两部分，故选D。
65．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Although the project was a bit of fun I think it's quite nice when you can find interesting physics and maths hiding behind everyday, sort of boring objects" 虽然这个项目有点有趣，但我认为如果你能发现有趣的物理和数学隐藏在日常无聊的物体后面，那就太好了。可推知物理与数学有很大的关系，故选B。
六、书面表达
假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友Peter发邮件说他正在学汉语，但感觉很吃力，请求你给予帮助。请给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1）举例说明汉语学习的特点；
2）提供一些可行的建议。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【写作要点】
第一段说明写作的目的；
第二段提出建议；
第三段表达愿望。
Dear Peter,
……
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
Last time in your letter you said you were learning Chinese but ran into some difficulties. It's unavoidable because English emphasizes the structure, while Chinese focuses on the meaning. ①I am writing to offer some personal advice on how to learn Chinese. My suggestions are as follows：
Firstly, I would recommend you to find a native speaker as a language partner, and meet with him on a regular basis, which will help you speak and understand Chinese more easily. ②Besides, watching Chinese movies and listening to Chinese songs③ can make the learning process much more interesting. Last but not least, you should communicate more with them in Chinese if you make some Chinese friends④.
I do hope you will find these proposals practical.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份回封邮件。写作背景：你的留学生朋友Peter发邮件说他正在学汉语，但感觉很吃力，请求你给予帮助。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）举例说明汉语学习的特点；2）提供一些可行的建议。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Last time in your letter you said you were learning Chinese but ran into some difficulties. 运用了宾语从句；It's unavoidable because English emphasizes the structure, while Chinese focuses on the meaning. 运用了原因状语从句，对比并列句；I am writing to offer some personal advice on how to learn Chinese.运用了“疑问词+不定式”作宾语；Firstly, I would recommend you to find a native speaker as a language partner, and meet with him on a regular basis, which will help you speak and understand Chinese more easily.运用了非限制性定语从句；Besides, watching Chinese movies and listening to Chinese songs can make the learning process much more interesting. 运用了动名词短语作主语；Last but not least, you should communicate more with them in Chinese if you make some Chinese friends.运用了条件状语从句；I do hope you will find these proposals practical.运用了强调句，宾语从句。
基础达标
能力提升
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