专题十三 并列句
一、并列句定义
包含两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构的句子叫并列句,分句与分句之间通常用并列连词and,but,yet,or,for,so等或分号来连接。并列句中的几个分句在语法上互不依从,在意义上却有密切的关系。
二、联合关系
常用的连词有and(同,和), when(=and just at this time就在这时,然后), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…(既不……也不……)等。如:
He helps me and I help him.他帮我,我帮他。
He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。
I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开,电话铃响了。
注:when作这种用法时,主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
三、选择关系
常用的连词有or(或者,否则), otherwise(否则), either...or(不是……就是)。如:
Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late. 快点,否则就会迟到了。
You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你得早点走,否则就赶不上公共汽车了。
Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。
四、转折关系
常用的连词有but(但是,可是,只是因为), while(而、却), yet(可是)等。如:
It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。
She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。
此处,还有副词still(仍然),however(然而)也表示转折关系。
He is good-natured; still I don't like him. 他脾气很好,可是我还是不喜欢他。
The book is expensive; however, it's worth it. 这本书很贵;却很值。
注意:but, while不与although连用,但yet, still可与although连用。
Although she felt ill, she still went to work. 她虽然感觉不舒服,但她仍然去上班。
五、因果关系
常用的连词有for(因为)和so(所以,因此)等。如:
I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴,因为天气太热。
The manager was ill so I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。
注意:so不与because连用。
注意:
and和or用于否定句中的区别
1. 当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时,用and连接;当列举成分在否定词之后时,用or构成完全否定。如:
Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese.
露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。
I can't sing or dance.
我不会唱歌,也不会跳舞。
2. 在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and,而不用or。如:
There is no water and no air on the moon.
月球上既没有水,也没有空气。
3. 在否定句中,without之后若有列举成分,则用and连接,构成完全否定;在肯定句中,without之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定。如:
Man can't live without air and water.
=Man will die without air or water.
典例剖析:
1 .A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _________ helps with students' health, _________ improves their social skills.
A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also
2.—What do you think of your English teacher
—I like him very much. He is ____ kind ________ hard-working.
A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, or D. not only, but also
3. Our computer rooms are in the science building ________we go there to have IT.
A. but B. or C.so D. because
4. Jimmy ________ math today. It's difficult ________ interesting.
A. have; so B. has; but C. have; but D. has; or
5. We like Mr. Smith ________ he is fun.
A. or B. and C. but D. because
6. Sweet snacks can give us energy, ________ they are not healthy.
A. but B. or C. and D. then
7. Math is interesting, ________ it's difficult.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
8.—Do you do sports every day
—No, I don't. ________ I watch ping-pong ________ tennis on TV.
A. But; or B. And; but C. And; or D. But; and
9. We got so wet. We had ________ umbrellas ________ raincoats with us!
A. either; or B. both; and C. neither; nor D. not only; but also
10. I'd like to go shopping with you, ________ I'm busy today.
A. so B. but C. and D. because
11. Helen ________ Susan are my friends, ________ Kate isn't.
A. and; and B. and; but C. but; but D. but; and
12. Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
13.—It's a pity that ________ my teachers ________ parents allow me to go abroad alone.
—After all, you are too young and the COVID-19 is very serious.
A. either; or B. not only; but also
C. both; and D. neither; nor
14.—What do you think of the film Frozen
—I like it very much. It's ________ interesting ________ exciting.
A. neither; nor B. not; but
C. not only; but also D. either; or
15. I haven't got any apple juice, ______ I've got some orange juice. Would you like some
A. but B. and C. or D. for
答案以及解析
1.答案:C
解析:句意:对于学生来说,课间休息是做运动和与同班同学交谈的好时机。因此,它不仅有助于学生的健康,而且提高他们的社交技能。either...or..."或者……或者……";neither...nor..."既不……也不……";not only...but also..."不但……而且……"。
2.答案:D
解析:根据语境以及上下文,本题考查的是连词的用法。根据设空处的两个形容词kind和hard-working以及前面一句"I like him very much"可以推断后面一句话表达的意思是"他不仅友好而且工作努力",表示"不仅……而且……"用短语not only, but also,故选:D。
3.答案:C
解析:句意:我们的电脑室在科学大楼里, 因此我们去那里上IT课程。考查连词辨析。but但是, 表转折关系;or或者, 表选择关系;so因此, 表因果关系;because因为, 为前果后因。根据“Our computer rooms are in the science building”, 以及“we go there to have IT”可知这两句是因果关系, 为前因后果, 因此so符合题意, 故选C。
4.答案:B
解析:句意:吉米今天有数学课。它很难但也很有趣。考查动词第三人称单数及连词用法。so所以;but但是;or或者;have动词原形;has第三人称单数形式。根据语境, 第一句时态为一般现在时, 主语“Jimmy”为第三人称单数, 故谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式“has”。difficult意为“困难的”, “interesting”意为“有趣的”, 中间要用“but”连接, 意为“很难但也很有趣”。故选B。
5.答案:D
解析:考查连词词义辨析。or或者,否则;and而且,表示并列关系;but但是,表示转折关系;because因为,后跟原因状语从句。根据We like Mr. Smith可知,指空格处缺少连词连接一个原因状语从句,指因为史密斯先生很有趣,所以我们喜欢他,故选D。
6.答案:A
解析:句意:甜食可以给我们能量,但它们不健康。考查连词辨析。but但是;or或者;and和;then那时。“Sweet snacks can give us energy”与“they are not healthy.”是转折关系,故选A。
7.答案:B
解析:句意:数学是有趣的,但是困难的。A、and,和,B、but,但是,C、so,所以,D、or,或者,前面是interesting,有趣的,后面是difficult,困难的,是转折关系,用but,但是,故选B.
8.答案:D
解析:but但是,or或者,and而且,ping-pong和tennis并列,用and,根据—Do you do sports every day —No, I don't.可知不做运动,判断与在电视上看构成转折。故选:D。
9.答案:C
解析:句意为:我们湿透了。我们既没有带雨伞也没有带雨衣! either...or...意为"或者......或者……";both...and...意为"……和……都";neither...nor...意为"既不……也不……";not only...but also...意为"不但……而且……"。根据设空前一句可知,此处表示"既没有雨伞也没有雨衣",故选C项。
10.答案:B
解析:本题主要考查并列句。A项,so意为“所以”,表因果关系。B项,but 意为“但是”,表转折关系。C项,and 意为“和”,表并列关系。D项,because意为“因为”,表因果关系。结合题意可知,“我”想陪你逛街但是“我”今天很忙。句子前后是转折关系,只有but 符合题意。故正确答案为B。
11.答案:B
解析:and和,表并列关系;but但是,表转折关系。Helen和Susan是并列关系,所以第一空用and,根据isn't(不是)可知,第二句表示转折关系,所以第二空用but,故选B。
12.答案:B
解析:句意:快点,否则你将会上学迟到。or“否则”。
13.答案:D
解析:答句说你年龄太小,疫情也很严重,说明老师和家长都不同意出国。
14.答案:C
解析:考查短语。从I like it very much判断这里说的是:既有趣,又令人兴奋,用not only...but also表示"既……又……",符合题意。故选:C。
15.答案:A
解析:but但是;and和;or或者;for为了。根据I haven't got any apple juice"我没有苹果汁",及I've got some orange juice"我有一些橙汁",可知,表示转折,填but"但是"。故选:A。
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