专题十四 宾语从句-2023届中考英语一轮复习专题讲义 (含答案)

专题十四 宾语从句
一、宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。如：
He asked what you were doing last night.
用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如：
He asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。
I didn't know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。
Can you explain why he didn't come to the party last Sunday
你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗？
二、分类：
1.动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
2.介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
例如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
3.形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
例如：I am afraid that I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。
三、宾语从句的语序
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管充当宾语从句的句子原来是什么语序，构成宾语从句时一定要用陈述语序。
I don't know where she comes from. 我不知道她来自哪里。
四、注意：
1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省；并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：
I didn't know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。
2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：
The boy has made it clear that they can't play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等词的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o'clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。
The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。
4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。
1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：
He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。
2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：
He didn't tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。
He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。
3) 但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。
典例剖析
1.—I don't know _____ for the party.
—You look so good now. I think the pink T-shirt _____ the grey jeans very _____.
A. what to wear; matches; well B. how to wear it; matches; good
C. what to wear; fits; much D. how to wear; fits; well
2.—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________
—Of course. There's an underground parking lot over there.
A. where should I park my car B. where I should park my car
C. how should I park my car D. how I should park my car
3.—Do you know Leo I wonder ________
—He is an actor.
A. what is Leo B. what Leo is C. where Leo is
4.—Do you know _______
—Yes, in two days.
A. when will Mr. Li come back B. how long Mr. Li will come
C. what time will Mr. Li come back D. how soon Mr. Li will come back
5.—Dear friends, do you know ________
—At three this afternoon.
A. when the performance will start
B. where the performance will start
C. when will the performance start
6.—Julia. I want to know ______.
—The people and the food.
A. whether you like China B. When you came to China
C. what you like about China
7.—Recently millions of people followed the soap opera A Lifelong Journey. I wonder ________.
—Besides the story was real and touching, the actors played their roles well.
A. how they made the TV show
B. why it became so popular
C. where they watched the show
8.—Linda, could you tell me _____ the notebook
—Oh, I bought it in the supermarket near our school.
A. where did you buy B. where will you buy
C. where you bought D. where you will buy
9. Tell me ________, or I can't help with your problem.
A. why you couldn't fall asleep B. that Lily is going to Shanghai
C. how I can learn English well D. what chores my sister does at home
10.—Scott, have you decided ________
—Not yet. Maybe this Sunday.
A. how will you get to Shanghai B. when will you leave for Shanghai
C. when you will leave for Shanghai D. how you will get to Shanghai
11.—Could you please tell me _________
—You can take the No. 19 bus over there.
A. when can we get to the Palace Museum B. when we can get to the Palace Museum
C. how can we get to the Palace Museum D. how we can get to the Palace Museum
12. People around the world can't imagine ________ in the desert.
A. where can Chinese people plant trees B. where Chinese people can plant trees
C. how can Chinese people plant trees D. how Chinese people can plant trees
13.—Can you tell me ________
—For three days.
A. how often they go to the museum
B. how long they have been in Beijing
C. how soon they they’ll go to see the children
D. what time they attended the meeting
14.—Could you tell me ________ now
—Yes. I live in Manzhouli city.
A. where do you live B. where did you live
C. where you lived D. where you live
15.—Could you tell me ________ this morning
—I am sorry, Mrs. Lin. I got up so late that I couldn't catch the first bus.
A. why were you late for class B. how did you go to school
C. why you were late for class D. how you went to school
答案以及解析
1. 答案：A
解析：考查"疑问句+不定式"和动词。根据"我不知道聚会穿什么"可知，用 what to wear来表示。根据"我认为这件粉红的T恤和这条灰色的牛仔很相配"，可知"与某物相配"用 match，同时副词修饰动词，所以用well。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：根据宾语从句陈述句语序的要求排除A和C,根据"There's an underground parking lot over there."那边有个地下停车场,可知引导词应该用where,故答案选B。故选:B。
3.答案：B
解析：根据"I wonder..."可知本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句需要用陈述语序,A选项是疑问语序,所以排除;再根据答语"He is an actor."可知,此处是在询问职业,因此应用what引导宾语从句,排除C选项。故选:B。
4.答案：D
解析：根据语序是陈述句语序,排除A,C.结合下文in two days上文用how soon多久之后,作为连接词。故选:D。
5.答案：A
解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句，遵循陈述语序，可排除C选项：根据答语"At three this afternoon."可知，此处是询问时间。故选A.
6.答案：C
解析：根据The people and the food.可知问的是喜欢中国的什么。what引导宾语从句。故选:C。
7.答案：B
解析：句意:—最近,数百万人观看了肥皂剧《人世间》。我想知道它为什么会这么受欢迎。—除了故事真实感人之外,演员们也把角色演得很好。考查宾语从句。how they made the TV show他们如何制作这个电视节目;why it became so popular它为什么这么受欢迎;where they watched the show他们在哪里观看这个节目。根据"Besides the story was real and touching, the actors played their roles well."可知,此处询问它受欢迎的原因,故选B。
8.答案：C
解析：根据Could you please tell me可知,考查宾语从句,宾语从句中一般为陈述语序,选项AB是疑问语序,故排除;又因为答句I bought it in the bookshop near our school,所以宾语从句应该是一般过去时态,D选项时态不对,故选C。
9.答案：A
解析：考查宾语从句。why you couldn't fall asleep你为什么睡不着；that Lily is going to Shanghai莉莉要去上海；how I can learn English well我如何能学好英语；what chores my sister does at home我妹妹在家做什么家务。根据"I can't help with your problem."可知，此处应是描述“你”存在的一个问题，A选项符合语境，故选A。
10.答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句用陈述语序，可排除AB；根据下文"Maybe this Sunday"说的是时间，可知由when引导宾从，故选C。
11.答案：D
解析：根据"Could you please tell me... "可知本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句需要用陈述句语序,A、C选项是疑问语序,所以排除;再根据答语"You can take the No.19 bus over there."可知上文应是问怎样才能到达故宫博物院,而B选项询问的是时间,所以排除。故选:D。
12.答案：D
解析：句意:全世界的人都无法想象中国人是如何在沙漠中植树的。考查宾语从句。此处含宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除AC;根据"in the desert"可知,知道地点,所以是无法想象方式,故选D。
13.答案：B
解析：How often多久一次,是对频率进行的提问;How long多长,是对长度或一段时间的提问;How soon多快、多久以后,其后用in加一段时间来回答;what time几点,是对时间进行的提问。根据答语"For three days."可知上文是问你能告诉我他们来北京多长时间了吗,对时间段提问用疑问词how long。故选:B。
14.答案：D
解析：根据live in Manzhouli city.可知问句中询问的应该是住在哪里.再根据now,可知问句中宾语从句的时态应该用一般现在时,语序应该是陈述句语序,故选D。
15.答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。why were you late for class你为什么上课迟到;if you were late for class是否你上课迟到了;why you were late for class你为什么上课迟到;how you went to school你怎么上学的;根据句意理解及后句的回答I got up so late that I couldn't catch the first bus.可知,这里表达的是“为什么迟到”,所以应该用why引导,而宾语从句要用陈述句语序,所以排除A选项,故选:C。
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