(共30张PPT)
专题十三 并列句
2023届中考英语
一轮复习学考全掌握
2
知识讲解
3
典例剖析
1
考情分析
目
录
CONTENTS
考情分析
根据对全国各地中考试题的分析可以看出,并列句是考查重点点之一,在解决此类题型时要求学生对各类并列连词用法掌握熟练,并且仔细审题,多思考,多理解。考查题型主要有句型转换、完成句子、单项选择、补全对话等。
知识讲解
一、并列句定义
包含两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构的句子叫并列句,分句与分句之间通常用并列连词and,but,yet,or,for,so等或分号来连接。并列句中的几个分句在语法上互不依从,在意义上却有密切的关系。
二、联合关系
常用的连词有and(同,和), when(=and just at this time就在这时,然后), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…(既不……也不……)等。如:
He helps me and I help him.他帮我,我帮他。
He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。
I was just leaving when the telephone rang.
我正要离开,电话铃响了。
注:when作这种用法时,主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did;
was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did
等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
四、转折关系
常用的连词有but(但是,可是,只是因为), while(而、却), yet(可是)等。如:
It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。
I like tea while she likes coffee.
我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。
She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。
此处,还有副词still(仍然),however(然而)也表示转折关系。
He is good-natured; still I don't like him. 他脾气很好,可是我还是不喜欢他。
The book is expensive; however, it's worth it.
这本书很贵;却很值。
注意:but, while不与although连用,但yet, still可与although连用。
Although she felt ill, she still went to work.
她虽然感觉不舒服,但她仍然去上班。
五、因果关系
常用的连词有for(因为)和so(所以,因此)等。如:
I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴,因为天气太热。
The manager was ill so I went in her place.
经理病了所以我代她去。
注意:so不与because连用。
注意:
and和or用于否定句中的区别
1. 当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时,用and连接;当列举成分在否定词之后时,用or构成完全否定。如:
Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese.
露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。
I can't sing or dance.
我不会唱歌,也不会跳舞。
2. 在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and,而不用or。如:
There is no water and no air on the moon.
月球上既没有水,也没有空气。
3. 在否定句中,without之后若有列举成分,则用and连接,构成完全否定;在肯定句中,without之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定。如:
Man can't live without air and water.
=Man will die without air or water.
典例剖析
1 .A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _________ helps with students' health, _________ improves their social skills.
A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also
答案:C
解析:句意:对于学生来说,课间休息是做运动和与同班同学交谈的好时机。因此,它不仅有助于学生的健康,而且提高他们的社交技能。either...or..."或者……或者……";neither...nor..."既不……也不……";not only...but also..."不但……而且……"。
2.—What do you think of your English teacher
—I like him very much. He is ____ kind ________ hard-working.
either, or B. neither, nor
C. not, or D. not only, but also
答案:D
解析:根据语境以及上下文,本题考查的是连词的用法。根据设空处的两个形容词kind和hard-working以及前面一句"I like him very much"可以推断后面一句话表达的意思是"他不仅友好而且工作努力",表示"不仅……而且……"用短语not only, but also,故选:D。
3. Our computer rooms are in the science building ________we go there to have IT.
A. but B. or C.so D. because
答案:C
解析:句意:我们的电脑室在科学大楼里, 因此我们去那里上IT课程。考查连词辨析。but但是, 表转折关系;or或者, 表选择关系;so因此, 表因果关系;because因为, 为前果后因。根据“Our computer rooms are in the science building”, 以及“we go there to have IT”可知这两句是因果关系, 为前因后果, 因此so符合题意, 故选C。
4. Jimmy ________ math today. It's difficult ________ interesting.
A. have; so B. has; but C. have; but D. has; or
答案:B
解析:句意:吉米今天有数学课。它很难但也很有趣。考查动词第三人称单数及连词用法。so所以;but但是;or或者;have动词原形;has第三人称单数形式。根据语境, 第一句时态为一般现在时, 主语“Jimmy”为第三人称单数, 故谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式“has”。difficult意为“困难的”, “interesting”意为“有趣的”, 中间要用“but”连接, 意为“很难但也很有趣”。故选B。
5. We like Mr. Smith ________ he is fun.
A. or B. and C. but D. because
答案:D
解析:考查连词词义辨析。or或者,否则;and而且,表示并列关系;but但是,表示转折关系;because因为,后跟原因状语从句。根据We like Mr. Smith可知,指空格处缺少连词连接一个原因状语从句,指因为史密斯先生很有趣,所以我们喜欢他,故选D。
6. Sweet snacks can give us energy, ________ they are not healthy.
A. but B. or C. and D. then
答案:A
解析:句意:甜食可以给我们能量,但它们不健康。考查连词辨析。but但是;or或者;and和;then那时。“Sweet snacks can give us energy”与“they are not healthy.”是转折关系,故选A。
7. Math is interesting, ________ it's difficult.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
答案:B
解析:句意:数学是有趣的,但是困难的。A、and,和,B、but,但是,C、so,所以,D、or,或者,前面是interesting,有趣的,后面是difficult,困难的,是转折关系,用but,但是,故选B.
8.—Do you do sports every day
—No, I don't. ________ I watch ping-pong ________ tennis on TV.
A. But; or B. And; but C. And; or D. But; and
答案:D
解析:but但是,or或者,and而且,ping-pong和tennis并列,用and,根据—Do you do sports every day —No, I don't.可知不做运动,判断与在电视上看构成转折。故选:D。
9. We got so wet. We had ________ umbrellas ________ raincoats with us!
either; or B. both; and
C. neither; nor D. not only; but also
答案:C
解析:句意为:我们湿透了。我们既没有带雨伞也没有带雨衣! either...or...意为"或者......或者……";both...and...意为"……和……都";neither...nor...意为"既不……也不……";not only...but also...意为"不但……而且……"。根据设空前一句可知,此处表示"既没有雨伞也没有雨衣",故选C项。
10. I'd like to go shopping with you, ________ I'm busy today.
A. so B. but C. and D. because
答案:B
解析:本题主要考查并列句。A项,so意为“所以”,表因果关系。B项,but 意为“但是”,表转折关系。C项,and 意为“和”,表并列关系。D项,because意为“因为”,表因果关系。结合题意可知,“我”想陪你逛街但是“我”今天很忙。句子前后是转折关系,只有but 符合题意。故正确答案为B。
11. Helen ________ Susan are my friends, ________ Kate isn't.
A. and; and B. and; but C. but; but D. but; and
答案:B
解析:and和,表并列关系;but但是,表转折关系。Helen和Susan是并列关系,所以第一空用and,根据isn't(不是)可知,第二句表示转折关系,所以第二空用but,故选B。
12. Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案:B
解析:句意:快点,否则你将会上学迟到。or“否则”。
13.—It's a pity that ________ my teachers ________ parents allow me to go abroad alone.
—After all, you are too young and the COVID-19 is very serious.
A. either; or B. not only; but also
C. both; and D. neither; nor
答案:D
解析:答句说你年龄太小,疫情也很严重,说明老师和家长都不同意出国。
14.—What do you think of the film Frozen
—I like it very much. It's ________ interesting ________ exciting.
A. neither; nor B. not; but
C. not only; but also D. either; or
答案:C
解析:考查短语。从I like it very much判断这里说的是:既有趣,又令人兴奋,用not only...but also表示"既……又……",符合题意。故选:C。
15. I haven't got any apple juice, ______ I've got some orange juice. Would you like some
A. but B. and C. or D. for
答案:A
解析:but但是;and和;or或者;for为了。根据I haven't got any apple juice"我没有苹果汁",及I've got some orange juice"我有一些橙汁",可知,表示转折,填but"但是"。故选:A。
感谢聆听