(共66张PPT)
Lesson 1
新北师大选择性必修Book 4
Unit 12 INNOVATION
Scientific Breakthroughs
What is a discovery
A discovery is recognizing something that already exists for the first time, that nobody has found before.
What is an invention
An invention is creating something totally new with one's own ideas and development.
Revision
1. What significant inventions or
discoveries do you know
2. Why do you think they are
significant
Warm-up
1
Pre-reading
What do you think are the most important inventions or discoveries of the 20th century
Can you name a few inventors What makes them great
premier scientist
pioneers of the 20th century
to be committed to
to be inspired by
to be proposed by
to improve the quality of human life
① premier scientist
He is one of the premier scientists in the 20th century.
② pioneers of the 20th century
The old man is well known as one of the pioneers of the 20th century in Chinese film industry.
③ to be committed to
You should be committed to taking care of your grandmother.
Guess the meanings of the phrases according to the sentences.
④ to be inspired by
I hope you’ll be inspired by these creative apps.
⑤ to be proposed by
The plan must be proposed by the engineer at once.
⑥ to improve the quality of human life
The new technology plays a significant role in improving the quality of human life.
2
While-reading
Read the text about some of the pioneers in science during the 20th century.
Read and locate
Creating “E=mc2 ” and theory of relativity
Discovering “Nature made penicillin”
Inventing the world’s first computer
Inventing the World Wide Web
Albert Einstein
Alexander Fleming
Eckert and Mauchly
Tim Berners-Lee
1. What technique of writing is mainly used in the text
Giving examples.
2. How did the writer connect the paragraphs Circle the signal words or phrases.
Read and answer
3. What discoveries are mentioned Who made them
E=mc2 theory
The world’s first computer
World Wide Web
penicillin
Alexander Fleming
Albert Einstein
Eckert and Mauchly
Tim Berners-Lee
3
Match the discoveries or inventions (1-4) with how they came about (a-d).
1. E=mc2
d. a scientist was inspired
2. penicillin
b. there was a lucky accident
3. the first computer
a. scientists worked together as a team
4. the Internet
c. different scientists worked on it for many years
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
In the summer of 1905, Albert Einstein was ________ his one-year-old baby when he thought of the equation “E=mc2” , which showed how a small piece of ________
could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. His “theory of relativity” showed that time, mass, or length are _________.
In 1929, Alexander Fleming, a ________, discovered penicillin quite by accident, which could be used to kill _________, thus saving millions of lives.
Careful reading
rocking
mass
constant
biologist
bacteria
During World War Ⅱ, they were asked by the US Navy to produce a machine to improve the __________
_______________ and in _________ they invented the world’s first computer which was very large and used a lot of __________.
In _______, he invented the World Wide Web, which enabled computers all over the world to ___________
________ each other.
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
accuracy
of the missiles
1946
energy
1990
communicate
with
4
Draw a mind map about how the following things were invented/ discovered. Organise the information in your own way. Then describe the process in groups.
E=mc2
Who
Significance
How
…
Albert Einstein
inspired while rocking his baby
showing how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy
theory of relativity
penicillin
Who
Significance
How
…
Alexander Fleming
a lucky accident
helping to save the millions of lives
remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery
computer
Who
Significance
How
…
Eckert and Mauchly
working together as a team
the world’s first computer
using so much energy …
the Internet
Who
Significance
How
…
Tim Berners-Lee
different scientists working on it for many years
enabling computers all over the world to communicate with each other
without the Internet, life is unimaginable
5
Read the text again and write T (true), F (false) or NI (no information) in brackets.
( ) 1. It is not easy to choose the single most
important discoveries of the 20th century.
( ) 2. An atom is the smallest particle of matter.
( ) 3. Einstein was at work when he thought of
the question “E=mc2”.
( ) 4. Einstein participated in the programme
that developed the nuclear bomb.
T
F
F
NI
( ) 5. Einstein observed changes in time, size and mass.
( ) 6. Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.
( ) 7. Fleming developed the process of making penicillin.
( ) 8. The first computer project failed to meet its original goal.
( ) 9. The first computer was extremely difficult to programme.
( ) puters could not connect to each other before 1990.
F
NI
T
NI
F
T
6
Group Work. Think and share.
Post-reading
1. Which discovery or invention mentioned in the text has been the most important so far Why
2. Which discovery or invention will most influence the future Why
7
Group Work. Each member writes a short summary about one of the discoveries or inventions from the following aspects.
inventor
purpose
Inventions
process
8
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words below.
orbit, missile, enable, launch, accuracy, scientific, microscope, inventor, biologist
I really don’t know what I want to do when I leave school. My dad is a computer engineer working on the improvement of the 1________ of the Navy’s 2________. I would like to follow in his footsteps, but then I’d have to sit in front of a computer all day. My mum is a 3_________, but it seems to me that all she
accuracy
missiles
biologist
does is looking at bacteria through a 4____________.
All that stuff about 5___________ finding that save people’s lives is pretty interesting, but I think I might be more interested in studying medicine. But then again, my uncle is a scientist and he is always talking about 6____________ satellites into 7________. I find this very exciting. I know what I want to be! I could be an 8_________! I could come up with hundreds of inventions that will 9_________ people to live better lives. But … I don’t think there’s a university course for inventors. Maybe I should just find out what I really like first.
microscope
scientific
launching
orbit
inventor
enable
新北师大选择性必修Book 4
Language points P52-53
Unit 12 INNOVATION
课文回顾：
1. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
句意：医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，施行手术，到用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
donate vi.&vt. 捐赠，捐献
donate ... to ... 向……捐赠……
donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物
make a donation/donations to 向……捐赠
donor n. 捐赠者
例句：
1). They used to donate a large sum of money to the Red Cross every year.
他们过去每年都向红十字会捐赠一大笔钱。
2). The wealthy businessman has made an outstanding donation to our school.
这位富商给我们学校捐了一笔可观的捐款。
3). The heart transplant will take place as soon as a suitable donor can be found.
一旦找到合适的供体，心脏移植将立即进行。
2. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
句意：电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
correspond vi. 通信；相符合，相一致
correspond with 与……通信
correspond to/with 与……相符合/相一致
correspondence n. 通信，联系；相似，关联
in correspondence with 与……相符合/相一致
例句：
1). She still corresponds with American friends she met in China nine years ago.
她仍然和9年前在中国结识的美国朋友通信。
2). The written record of the conversation didn’t correspond to/with what was actually said.
谈话的笔录与实际所说的不相符。
3). Alexander has kept up a correspondence with his friend for over a year now.
亚历山大与他的朋友保持通信至今已有一年多了。
4). The theoretical analyses are in correspondence with the experimental data closely. 理论分析与实验数据相吻合。
3. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
句意：电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
instant adj. 立刻的，马上的 n. 瞬间，片刻
in an instant 立即，马上
for an instant 片刻，一瞬间
instantly adv. 立即，马上
the instant/instantly... 一……就……
例句：
1). The whole city was burned to the ground by the terrible fire in an instant.
整个城市在一瞬间被可怕的大火夷为平地。
2). He stood for an instant with his hand raised.
他举起手站了一会儿。
3). You are protected instantly if a thief misuses your credit card.
如果小偷误用你的信用卡，你会立即得到保护。4). I knew his words didn’t correspond with his action the instant/instantly I heard what he said.
我一听到他说的话，就知道他言行不一致。
4. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.
句意：这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。
perceive vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉
perceive... as/to be... 将……视为；认为
perceive that... 发觉/意识到……
例句：
1). Don’t perceive yourself to be a failure even if you do badly in school tests.
即使你在学校考试中表现不好，也不要认为自己是一个失败者。
2). She perceived in an instant that something was unusual.
她立刻觉得有什么不寻常的事。
3). A key task is to get pupils to perceive the relationship between success and effort.
一个关键的任务是让学生认识到成功和努力之间的关系。
5. During the Cold War, a "huge network" of computers was proposed by two American scientists.
句意：冷战期间，美国的两位科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。
propose vt. 提出（某观点、方法等）
propose doing sth. 提议做某事
propose that sb. (should)do sth. 建议做某事
It is proposed that... (should)do sth. 有人建议
proposal n. 建议，提议
例句：
1). The engineer proposed building a dam on the upper reach of the river.
那位工程师建议在河的上游筑坝。
2). She proposed that the book (should) be banned.
她提议查禁这本书。
3). It is proposed that a committee (should) be set up to investigate the accident.
有人建议成立一个委员会来调查这次事故。
4). His proposal that the system (should) be changed was rejected.
他提的关于改变制度的建议被拒绝了。
6. We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
句意：我们开始坐飞机周游世界，将人造卫星发射到轨道上。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前人们认为原子是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
作定语修饰 atom, 相当于which was previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe
例句：
1). China is thought to be a country with the greatest petential for development.
中国被认为是最具发展潜力的国家。
2). Such a diet is widely believed to offer protection against a number of cancers.
这种饮食结构被广泛认为可以预防多种癌症。
3). He is said to have read this novel before.
据说他以前读过这部小说。
在“sb./sth.+is/was+过去分词+不定式”结构中，不定式可以是一般式，也可以是完成式。
新北师大选择性必修Book 4
Grammar P55
Unit 12 INNOVATION
Adjectives
形容词
一、概念
表示人或事物的属性、特征或状态的词。形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词，它的主要用法就是为被修饰词提供更多的信息。
二、分类
分类 特点 例词
性质形容词 表示人或事物的性质，多数有比较级和最高级，可以用very, quite, rather, too, extremely等副词修饰 productive;
healthy;
fantastic;
humble
类别形容词 说明人或事物的特定类别，没有比较级和最高级，一般不用程度副词very, quite, extremely等修饰 financial;
cultural;
mental;
scientific
分类 特点 例词
颜色形容词 表示事物的颜色，没有比较级和最高级 white;
purple;
yellow;
black
强调形容词 用于对所叙述的事物进行强调 true;
complete
分词形容词 一些表示情感、态度的使役动词如excite, surprise等，其现在和过去分词可形容词化 fascinating;
worried;
合成形容词 由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词 labor-saving;
middle-aged
例句：
1). It was a very frightening experience and they were courageous.
这是一次非常可怕的经历，他们很勇敢。
2). It is traditional in China to eat dumplings on New Year’s Eve.
除夕吃饺子是中国的传统。
3). The newly issued regulations are beneficial to people with lower incomes.
新颁布的规定对低收入者有用。
三、构成
1. 词尾加后缀构成的形容词
后缀 例词
-able comfortable; acceptable
-ible accessible; terrible
-al natural; cultural
-cial beneficial; racial
-ish childish; selfish
-ive active; impressive
-ant abundant; significant
后缀 例词
-en wooden; woolen
-ent dependent; excellent
-ary necessary; ordinary
-ful wonderful; beautiful
-less selfless; helpless
-ly likely; friendly
-ous courageous; adventurous
-ious ambitious; conscious
-some troublesome; tiresome
-y funny; cloudy
例句：
1). The company makes wearable, beautifully cut clothes at affordable prices.
该公司生产可穿戴、剪裁精美、价格适中的服装。
2). Teachers should aim to build a creative environment for students to learn.
教师的目标应该是为学生建立一个有创造性的学习环境。
3). The government has been cautious in its response to the report.
政府对该报告的回应一直很谨慎。
2. 合成形容词
构成方式 例词
数词+名词 two-hour; one-child
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old;
five-metre-long
形容词+名词 high-class; final-term
形容词/副词+现在分词 good-looking; hard-working
形容词/副词+过去分词 ready-made; newly-built
构成方式 例词
形容词/副词+形容词 dark-blue; light-green
名词+现在分词 time-saving; English-speaking
名词+过去分词 man-made; hand-made
名词+形容词 world-wide; ice-cold
名词+名词 second-hand; part-time
其他构成方式 face-to-face; out-of-date
例句：
1). The workers have built an eight-hundred-meter-long bridge over the river.
工人们在河上建了一座800米长的桥。
2). He is an easy-going, friendly young man with a causual sort of attitude towards money.
他是个随和、友好的年轻人，不太在意金钱。
3). Traditionally, paper cuttings are made of red paper, and they are all hand-made.
按传统习惯，剪纸用的是红纸，并且都是手工制作的。
四、句法作用
1. 作定语
例句：
1). The company is in a difficult situation.
这家公司处境艰难。
2). China has made amazing achievements in the past few decades.
中国在过去几十年里取得了惊人的成就。
2. 作表语
例句：
1). You’ll just have to be patient and wait till I’m finished.
你只要耐心等我说完就行了。
2). She remained silent when the teacher asked her a question.
老师问她问题时，她保持沉默。
3. 作主语补足语
例句：
1). His room was painted orange.
他的房间被漆成了橙色。
2). The wolf was founded dead in the woods.
那只狼被发现死在了树林里。
4. 作宾语补足语
例句：
1). We should work hard to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
我们应该努力使我们的国家更强大、更美丽。
2). We found the film quite instructive.
我们发现这部电影很有教育意义。
5. 作状语
例句：
1). He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.
他又冷又饿，在风雪中过了七天。
2). Surprised and happy, Tony stoop up and accepted the prize.
托尼又惊又喜，站起来领奖。
6. 作主语或宾语
这种情况有一定的限制，主要是指“定冠词+某些形容词”，表示一类人或事物。
例句：
1). The young should show respect for the old.
年轻人应该尊敬老人。
2). The good is what people like.
人们总是喜欢美好的东西。
9
Complete the sentences with adjectives from the text.
World Builder Adjectives
1. If you had to choose _____ most important discovery of the 20th century...
2. ... the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending ________ messages.
3. ... it is _________ to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
single
instant
possible
4. ... this _________ young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.
5. In 1929, another ___________ finding was made by ...
6. ... the world as we know it today would be a completely _______ place.
outspoken
important
different
10
Study the sentences in Activity 9. Answer the questions.
1. If there is more than one adjective before a noun, what is the order of the adjectives
Opinion objectives usually go before fact adjectives. (e.g. single most important discovery)
2. What words can be used to modify adjectives
Adverbs can modify adjectives.
3. Find some compound adjectives How are they formed
One-year-old, strong-willed.
They are formed when two or more adjectives are joined together by a hyphen.
4. Which of the adjectives are comparable adjectives Which are non-comparable adjectives
Adjectives that show quality, opinion, size, shape, or colour are comparable. Adjectives that show quantity, number, nationality or material are non-comparable.
10
Search online to find the major discoveries and inventions of the 21th century. Which do you think is the most important Why
一、Fill in the blanks.
1. The visitors ________ (perceive) that they were unwelcome and soon left.
2. Then next big _________ (donate) of musical instruments came from Germany.
3. They have arrived at a solution through ___________ (science) investigation.
4. A dog that barks __________ (constant) can be a source of annoyance to the neighbours.
perceived
donation
scientific
constantly
Exercises
5. The worker oiled the machine to operate it more __________ (efficient).
6. Though still a young man, he is a leading _________ (biology) in the country.
7. They began to work ________ (instant) they arrived there.
efficiently
biologist
instantly
二、Translate the sentences.
1. 有人认为是小明打坏了窗户。(be thought to)
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. 昨天她买了一条昂贵的紫色的棉裙子。
(形容词作定语的排列顺序)
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. 考试结束了，我们开始度假。(with复合结构)
____________________________________________________________________________________
Xiao Ming was thought to have broken the window.
She bought an expensive purple cotton dress yesterday.
With the test finished, we began our holiday.
4. 长途旅行后他回到家，又饿又累。
(形容词作状语)
____________________________________________________________________________________5. 毫无疑问，她适合做这个工作。
(There is no doubt about)
____________________________________________________________________________________
She arrived home after a long trip, hungry and tired.
There is no doubt about her suitability for the job.
Thank you！
