中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
上教版必修一Unit4单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
Earthquakes are quite common. In fact, thousands of earthquakes are happening almost at every moment. However, most of 1． (they) are too weak to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a big noise first. Then the earth shakes
2． (terrible) and many houses fall down. As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, the earthquake often result 3． many people being injured or killed. In 2008, a terrible earthquake 4． (strike) China's Sichuan Province, causing severe casualties.
Besides the great damage and deaths 5． (cause) by the earthquake, other accidents such as fires often follow. More buildings may be damaged and more injuries may be caused. For 6． (century), people have been making studies of earthquakes. About 2, 000 years ago, for example, 7． Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng invented a machine 8． could find out the direction where, the earthquake waves came.
With the rapid 9． (develop) of modern science and technology, we now know a lot more about earthquakes. However, it is still difficult for scientists 10． (predict) exactly when and where the earthquake will happen, and can't stop it from happening.
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
用方框内短语的适当形式填空
cut down; sound the alarm; be alive with; play a significant role; with an area of; be home to; feed on; in turn break down; breathe life into due to; take…away build up
11．We can consider each aspect of a development environment .
12．The pool goldfish.
13．Just as spring awakens nature, it can be a great time the creative process.
14． the significant progress made in Chinese education. China has become one of the most favored places for overseas students.
15．The collection over the last seventeen years.
16．The area 1, 600 threatened species including grizzly bears, elk and so on.
17．Women's sports are the barriers in previously male-dominated domains.
18．Ride a bicycle. This will on carbon emissions and the money you spend on a car.
19．Press the button to in case of fire.
20．Two men claiming to be police officers went to the pastor' s house and him .
21．Confidence also in a game.
22．We know that eagles usually small animals.
23．The park about 3. 5 square miles is located in Maryland.
三、翻译
24．A lot of .
许多有趣的实验正在进行。
25．What you do than what you say.
你所做的似乎比你所说的重要得多。
26．Some people usually waste energy and resources .
有些人往往浪费能源和资源，好像它们是取之不尽的一样。
27．The Belt and Road Initiative .
一带一路倡议被认为是刺激一些国家发展的有效措施。
28．He one of the great painters in this century.
他被认为是本世纪伟大的画家之一。
29．He is an outgoing boy who .
他是一个喜欢和他人交朋友的外向男孩。
30．Your experiment report and it will be finished soon.
你的实验报告现在正在打印，一会儿就可以完成。
31．How many modern schools
在这个城市有多少现代化学校正在修建？
32．这本书我越读越喜欢。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
I read the book, I like it.
33．据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。
a. a report about wildlife protection the other day.
b. a report about wildlife protection the other day.
四、完形填空
For the country that invented railways, Britain has shown remarkably little interest in them lately. New networks have been built around Europe in the past few decades, but the only significant stretch of 34． laid in Britain in a century is the 67-mile HS1 railway that links London to the Channel Tunnel. 35． , the country has half as much track as it had in 1963. Yet while Britain has an almost American 36． to invest in railways, its commuting patterns are European; 10% of journeys are by rail, compared with 9% in Germany and less than 1% in America.
Britain's big 37． is that, because it has built no new high-speed lines, it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones. Long 38． have to be left between slow and express trains. The need to make way for high-speed trains thus 39． the number of commuter services, and vice versa.
Eight years ago, the government decided to change this by building a new 345-mile railway from London to the north of England. Though branded as High Speed 2, its principal job was to boost capacity rather than 40． .
Rail is an increasingly significant part of the transport mix. Climate change is making carbon-efficiency even more important. At the same time, passenger numbers have gone beyond 41． . The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17%- 21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years and are expected to go on 42． at a similar rate.
The benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) calculated for HS2, at around one, is hardly acknowledged. But just as the costs of big transport projects are often 43． , so are their long-term benefits. The extension to London's Jubilee tube line, 44． , was approved with a BCR of less than one, but recent analysis suggests that it has been more like 1.75. And that includes only the profits that go directly to the railway, not the 45． consequences of the recovery of London's Docklands area, which the tube line made possible.
The main point of HS2, similarly, is its impact on the cities and towns along its 46． and beyond. Boris Johnson, the prime minister, is on a mission to boost growth in northern and western areas 47． by the country's London-centred pattern of growth. On its own HS2 won't make that happen, but doing so without a new railway would be 48． . The success of the "Northern Powerhouse" rail scheme, to link the north's big towns, depends on it.
34．A．land B．track C．highway D．water
35．A．Besides B．Indeed C．Fortunately D．Likewise
36．A．qualification B．eagerness C．reluctance D．potential
37．A．theory B．ambition C．problem D．solution
38．A．gaps B．lists C．lines D．days
39．A．highlights B．increases C．counts D．limits
40．A．speed B．length C．quantity D．quality
41．A．records B．forecasts C．averages D．scopes
42．A．varying B．declining C．growing D．remaining
43．A．shared B．underestimated C．overlooked D．realized
44．A．for instance B．as a result
C．in addition D．out of problem
45．A．political B．cultural C．economic D．historic
46．A．back B．border C．surface D．route
47．A．settled down B．put forward C．taken over D．left behind
48．A．tough B．flexible C．innovative D．vacant
五、阅读理解
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
We all put our hands in the middle, ready for the "TIGERS!" shout. Andrew looked up, his face wrinkled in confusion, and then loosed in relief he said, "Whoa, for a second I forgot there was a girl on this team. I was wondering why there was one hand with painted pink nails!" The guys laughed, and I smiled, once again reminded how cool it was that I was different. "1, 2, 3, TIGERS!" and we were off to the field.
My adventures as the only girl on my all-boys middle school football team were always interesting. Football is known as being predominantly male. But I love football. Ever since I could walk, I would get around the fields. My dad is a huge football fan, and we spend many Saturday afternoons playing football in the yard or watching games. Football is in my blood. So when signups came for the 7th- and 8th-grade team, I signed up. Who says a girl can't do it
Back to Grade 7. Though it was strange for the guys to have me there, and a few felt embarrassed when they heard they'd be tackling a girl, they got used to it. The coach treated me like anyone else, and the boys learned to also. I did the drills, I tackled people, and I got tackled. By the time I got home every night, my body literally crumbled into my bed. But it was all worth it. Game days were everyone's favorite. Football is a team sport of passion, pride and love. The coach would always tell us, "We win as a team: we lose as a team!"
To play well we needed to work as a team. Different as I was being the only girl, it didn't matter. One person, one girl, is not a big thing. I was a part of the team. The coach got us all together, and we'd once again shout "TIGERS!"
49．What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 1
A．To introduce members of her team.
B．To stress the distinctiveness of her team.
C．To show the routine before a football game.
D．To describe the tension before a football game.
50．What pushed the author to sign up for the 7th- and 8th-grade team
A．Her love for football. B．Her father's encouragement.
C．Her desire to show off her skills. D．Her dream to be a football coach.
51．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 show
A．The author was really excited.
B．The author was extremely tired.
C．The author had difficulty falling asleep.
D．The author kept practicing even before sleep.
52．What plays a key role in winning a football game according to the author
A．The coach. B．The team leader.
C．Fighting spirit. D．Teamwork.
B
阅读短文，回答问题
I start my workday early, parking myself in front of my home computer and often forgetting to get up for hours. But one thing I try to do every day is take a ten-minute walk around midday.
Walking at lunchtime is a smart thing to do, a new study finds. This doesn't seem like news. After all, we've known forever that doing exercise is good for us. But as The New York Times points out, those fitness studies typically looked at the effects of exercise plans in the long run. This new study looks at changes that happen more quickly, from one day to the next or even from this hour to the next hour.
For the study, researchers gathered a group of mostly sedentary(久坐的) office workers in the UK. All were out of shape, but otherwise emotionally and physically healthy. Researchers asked them to take 30-minute lunchtime walks, three days a week for 10 weeks. The volunteers were also asked to install apps on their phones, so that the researchers could send the volunteers questions after they walked. Then the researchers used those answers to judge how the volunteers were feeling about life and work, and to measure their feelings about everything from stress and tension to motivation.
When the researchers compared the volunteers' answers on the afternoons when they walked to those on the afternoons they didn't walk, there was quite a difference. On the days when they had a lunchtime walk, the volunteers said they felt less stressed, more energetic and more relaxed compared with the days when they didn't walk.
Unfortunately, the researchers said many of the volunteers didn't believe they'd be able to continue walking once the study ended, mainly because they were expected to work through their lunch breaks. It's an understandable response, but a sad one.
53．How does the new study differ from other fitness studies
A．It calls on people to have a walk after lunch.
B．It focuses on the short-term effects of walking.
C．It mainly pays attention to sedentary office workers.
D．It aims at studying the relationship between exercise and health.
54．Why were the volunteers required to install apps on their phones
A．To record their time spent online.
B．To know how long they walked.
C．To prevent them from getting lost.
D．To respond to the researchers' questions.
55．What is the finding of the new study
A．Lunchtime walks can soon improve people's mood.
B．Office workers usually have little time to go for a walk.
C．A sedentary lifestyle is linked to an increased risk of disease.
D．Walking brings more advantages to people than other exercise.
56．What can we infer about the volunteers from the last paragraph
A．They will spend more time walking.
B．Some of them tend to be more outgoing.
C．Most of them will perform better at work.
D．They may stop lunchtime walks due to work pressure.
C
阅读短文，回答问题
Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations relies on kindness. As parents and teachers, we also teach children from a young age to "be kind to one another" and "treat others the way you want to be treated."
In addition to being helpful to our interpersonal relationships, research has shown that kindness can even contribute to our well-being. According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone(激素) .Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person. There can be a positive contagion(扩散) effect, where other people are motivated to be nice if they receive a random act of kindness. The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.
You are the new person on the team and you want to be well-liked and respected by your colleagues. You are a kind person and tell your team, "Let me know how I can help you; I'm always available to help." Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let's fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. In fact, the only time they communicate with you is when they need something. You have been so helpful to your colleagues and there has rarely been any return from them.
In a very broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid forward. However, you need to be willing to say "no". Recognize when your plate is already too full. When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying "no" to others and saying "yes" to yourself.
57．What has the Mayo Clinic found concerning kindness
A．It does good to our mind.
B．It reduces hormone levels.
C．It adds years to people's life.
D．It leads to the success of civilizations.
58．What might the new person mentioned in paragraph3 feel one year later
A．Grateful. B．Satisfied. C．Disappointed. D．Energetic.
59．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A．When you're too full to eat anything.
B．When your kind acts get appreciated.
C．When you should ask others a favor.
D．When you're physically and mentally tired.
60．What can be the best title for the text
A．Your kindness counts for your well-being!
B．Are we tiring ourselves with kindness
C．Why are random acts of kindness important
D．Never underestimate the power of kindness at work!
D
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The time to form a new habit depends on the person, the habit itself, the environment, and the motivation. Generally speaking, 60 days is good enough for getting a new habit formed, but some habits could take twice as long. Some habits will never be formed no matter how much time passes. Even a habit that takes months or years to form can still be broken eventually.
Becoming an early riser was really challenging. I struggled with this habit for years to manage to form it. I do break this habit now and then, usually by choice to experience something different for a while. In the past 90 days, I have stayed in bed past 5 am perhaps only two or three times. It takes me less than a week to be back with it. Remembering the benefits surely helps.
In my 20s I was too impatient with many habits. If I couldn't get something working in a few weeks, I'd often drop it and try something else. Now that I'm in my late 40s, I have learned to think in a more practical way. I know that even if it takes many months or years to form a new habit, I am sure the habit could bring advantages for many years. It doesn't take me too long to think of carrying out the new habit, I just get it started. When you think about a habit that you have stuck to for many years, who cares if it took a few weeks or six months to form it
Don't worry so much about how long it takes to form a habit. Instead, consider which habits could improve the quality of your life so that they are worthy of six months to get them formed. When a habit forms at last, it feels uncomfortable not to do it, and your day doesn't feel complete without it.
61．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．We have to keep the habits once formed.
B．Most habits can be formed quickly.
C．We need sixty days to form a new habit.
D．The time to form habits varies greatly.
62．Why does the writer break the habit of getting up early sometimes
A．He likes sleeping in bed for a while.
B．He wants to try something different.
C．He prepares breakfast for the family.
D．He is afraid to wake up his family.
63．What does the writer think more about the habit when he is in his forties
A．The development of the habit. B．The expense of the habit.
C．The benefits of the habit. D．The limitation of the habit.
64．In which part of a magazine is this text most probably taken from
A．Education. B．Technology. C．Tourism. D．Literature.
六、书面表达
65．假如你是李华，你校将举办以"人工智能与生活"为主题的科技创新大赛（the Science and Technology Innovation Contest）。请你用英语为本次活动写一则宣传稿，内容包括：
1）比赛目的；2）主题与内容；3）参赛方式。
注意：
1）词数80词左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
基础达标
能力提升
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上教版必修一Unit4单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
Earthquakes are quite common. In fact, thousands of earthquakes are happening almost at every moment. However, most of 1． (they) are too weak to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a big noise first. Then the earth shakes
2． (terrible) and many houses fall down. As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, the earthquake often result 3． many people being injured or killed. In 2008, a terrible earthquake 4． (strike) China's Sichuan Province, causing severe casualties.
Besides the great damage and deaths 5． (cause) by the earthquake, other accidents such as fires often follow. More buildings may be damaged and more injuries may be caused. For 6． (century), people have been making studies of earthquakes. About 2, 000 years ago, for example, 7． Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng invented a machine 8． could find out the direction where, the earthquake waves came.
With the rapid 9． (develop) of modern science and technology, we now know a lot more about earthquakes. However, it is still difficult for scientists 10． (predict) exactly when and where the earthquake will happen, and can't stop it from happening.
【答案】1．them；2．terribly；3．in；4．struck；5．caused；6．centuries；7．a；8．which/that；9．development；10．to predict
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍世界上最致命的自然灾害之一——地震，和它给人们带来的灾难以及为预防地震科学家所付出的努力。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，副词，介词，时态，非谓语动词，名词，冠词，定语从句，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：然而，他们中的大多数人太弱了，感觉不到。介词of后面用代词宾格，此处指“他们中的大多数”，在句中作主语。故填them。
2．句意：然后，大地可怕地震动，许多房屋倒塌。句中shakes是谓语动词，由副词修饰，所给词terrible是形容词，其副词是terribly。故填terribly
3．句意：作为世界上最致命的自然灾害之一，地震经常导致许多人受伤或死亡。result in固定短语，“导致，结果是”。故填in。
4．句意：在2008年，一场可怕的地震袭击了中国四川省，造成严重的人员伤亡。此处谓语动词，根据In 2008,可知，应用一般过去时，故填struck。
5．句意：除了地震造成的巨大破坏和死亡，其他事故如火灾经常随之而来。句中the great damage and deaths和动词cause之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
6．句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究地震。所给词century是可数名词，这里指“几个世纪”，所以用名词复数。故填centuries。
7．例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家发明了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。这里表示泛指，Chinese是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a表示“一位名叫张衡的中国科学家”。故填a。
8．句意：例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家发明了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。此处machine作先行词，指物，在后面的限定性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
9．句意：随着现代科学技术的快速发展，我们现在对地震有了更多的了解。句中rapid是形容词，修饰名词，所给词develop是动词，其名词是development。故填development。
10．句意：然而，对科学家来说，准确预测地震发生的时间和地点，并不能阻止它的发生仍然是困难的。句中it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正在的主语。故填to predict。
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
用方框内短语的适当形式填空
cut down; sound the alarm; be alive with; play a significant role; with an area of; be home to; feed on; in turn break down; breathe life into due to; take…away build up
11．We can consider each aspect of a development environment .
12．The pool goldfish.
13．Just as spring awakens nature, it can be a great time the creative process.
14． the significant progress made in Chinese education. China has become one of the most favored places for overseas students.
15．The collection over the last seventeen years.
16．The area 1, 600 threatened species including grizzly bears, elk and so on.
17．Women's sports are the barriers in previously male-dominated domains.
18．Ride a bicycle. This will on carbon emissions and the money you spend on a car.
19．Press the button to in case of fire.
20．Two men claiming to be police officers went to the pastor' s house and him .
21．Confidence also in a game.
22．We know that eagles usually small animals.
23．The park about 3. 5 square miles is located in Maryland.
【答案】11．in turn
12．is alive with
13．to breathe life into
14．Due to
15．has been built up
16．is home to
17．breaking down
18．cut down
19．sound the alarm
20．took；away
21．plays a significant role
22．feed on
23．with an area of
【解析】【分析】cut down动词短语，“消减”; sound the alarm动词短语，“发出警报”； be alive with动词短语，“充满”； play a significant role动词短语，“扮演重要的角色，起重要的作用”； with an area of介词短语，“面积为.....”； be home to动词短语，“.....的栖息地，.....的发源地”； feed on动词短语，“以.....为主食”； in turn介词短语“ 反过来 ”； break down动词短语，“崩溃，打破”; breathe life into 动词短语，“给…...注入生命”；due to固定短语，“由于”； take…away动词短语“带走”； build up动词短语，“积累，建立”。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的短语，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
11．句意：我们可以依次考虑开发环境的各个方面。 in turn介词短语“ 反过来 ”，此处作状语，故填in turn 。
12．句意：水池里养满了金鱼。 be alive with动词短语，“充满”，此处是谓语动词，陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填is alive with 。
13．句意： 正如春天唤醒大自然一样，这是一个让创造过程充满活力的好时机。 breathe life into 动词短语，“给…...注入生命”，此处不定式作主语，故填to breathe life into 。
14．句意：由于中国教育取得了重大进展。中国已经成为海外学生最青睐的地方之一。due to固定短语，“由于”，表原因，故填Due to 。
15．句意：这批藏品是在过去17年中积累起来的。build up动词短语，“积累，建立”，是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，结合时间状语over the last seventeen years ，应用现在完成时，故填 has been built up 。
16．句意：该地区有1600种濒危物种，包括灰熊、麋鹿等。 be home to动词短语，“.....的栖息地，.....的发源地”是谓语动词，陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填is home to 。
17．句意：女性运动正在打破以前男性主导的领域的障碍。break down动词短语，“崩溃，打破”，是谓语动词，根据句意和助动词are，可知应用现在进行时，故填breaking down 。
18．句意：骑自行车。这将减少碳排放和你在汽车上的花费。cut down动词短语，“消减”，此处是谓语动词，will后接动词原形，故填cut down 。
19．句意：发生火灾时，按下按钮发出警报。sound the alarm动词短语，“发出警报”，此处不定式作目的状语，故填sound the alarm 。
20．句意：两名自称警察的男子来到牧师家，将他带走。 take…away动词短语“带走”，此处与 went 并列，应用一般过去时，故填took；away。
21．句意：自信在比赛中也起着重要作用。play a significant role动词短语，“扮演重要的角色，起重要的作用”，此处是谓语动词，陈述的是客观事实应用一般现在时，主语是Confidence ，不可数名词，故填 plays a significant role 。
22．句意：我们知道鹰通常以小动物为食。feed on动词短语，“以......为主食”，是宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填feed on 。
23．句意：公园面积约为3.5平方英里，位于马里兰州。 with an area of介词短语，“面积为.....”，此处作定语，故填with an area of 。
三、翻译
24．A lot of .
许多有趣的实验正在进行。
【答案】interesting experiments are being carried out
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“有趣的实验正在进行”；“有趣的实验”是interesting experiments；“进行”是carry out；分析句意，可知“实验正在被进行”，应用现在进行时态的被动语态，故答案为interesting experiments are being carried out。
【点评】考查翻译，注意翻译时的英汉差异性表达。
25．What you do than what you say.
你所做的似乎比你所说的重要得多。
【答案】seems to matter much more
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“似乎重要得多”；“似乎”用seem，作谓语动词，因为主语由what听到的主语从句充当，所以谓语动词用单三形式；结合空格后的than，“重要的多”用matter much more；故答案为seems to matter much more。
【点评】考查翻译，注意翻译时的主谓一致。
26．Some people usually waste energy and resources .
有些人往往浪费能源和资源，好像它们是取之不尽的一样。
【答案】as if they were unlimited
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“好像它们是取之不尽的一样”；“好像……一样”是as if；“它们是取之不尽的”是they were unlimited；as if引导状语从句，如果从句是不存在的事情，则应该使用虚拟语气——与过去事实相反，从句用一般过去时态；从句“它们是取之不尽的”是不存在的事情，应该用虚拟语气，与现在的事实相反，所以应用一般过去时态，故答案为as if they were unlimited。
【点评】考查翻译，注意虚拟语气中的时态选择。
27．The Belt and Road Initiative .
一带一路倡议被认为是刺激一些国家发展的有效措施。
【答案】is regarded as an effective method to stimulate the development of some countries
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“被认为是刺激一些国家发展的有效措施”；“被认为是……”是be regarded as，根据句意，可知该句所描述的动作是习惯性、一般性动作，应使用一般现在时态；“刺激一些国家发展”是stimulate the development of some countries；“有效措施”是an effective method；分析句意，可知“刺激一些国家发展的有效措施”是动词不定式短语to stimulate the development of some countries修饰名词短语“有效措施”an effective method。故答案为is regarded as an effective method to stimulate the development of some countries。
【点评】考查翻译，注意翻译时汉语意思与英语句型结合相结合。
28．He one of the great painters in this century.
他被认为是本世纪伟大的画家之一。
【答案】is regarded as
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“ 被认为是 ”；be regarded as是固定短语，意“ 被认为是 ”；根据句意，可知此句所描述的是一般性、经常性的动作，所以应使用一般现在时态，故答案为 is regarded as。
【点评】考查翻译，注意时态的选择。
29．He is an outgoing boy who .
他是一个喜欢和他人交朋友的外向男孩。
【答案】is fond of making friends with others
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“喜欢和他人交朋友”；“喜欢”用be fond of；“和他人交朋友”用make friends with others；定语从句中关系代词who指代an outgoing boy，所以be fond of 应使用单三形式is fond of；和他人交朋友”作介词of的宾语，应使用V-ing短语，所以应是making friends with others，故答案为is fond of making friends with others。
【点评】考查翻译，注意定语从句中的主谓一致。
30．Your experiment report and it will be finished soon.
你的实验报告现在正在打印，一会儿就可以完成。
【答案】is being typed now
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，结合句意，可知空格处缺少“正在被打印”，所以空格处应使用现在进行时态的被动语态，“打印”是type，故填is being typed now。
【点评】考查翻译，注意翻译时的英汉差异性表达。
31．How many modern schools
在这个城市有多少现代化学校正在修建？
【答案】are being built in the city
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照结合句子分析可知，空处表示“在这个城市正在修建”，表示地点状语“在这个城市”应用介词短语in the city，表示谓语“正在修建”应用现在进行时的被动语态are being built in the city，are与主语modern schools保持主谓一致，用复数。故填are being built in the city。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在进行时的被动语态的考查。
32．这本书我越读越喜欢。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
I read the book, I like it.
【答案】The more；the better
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，此句是“the +比较级，the+比较级”固定句式，表示“越......越......”，修饰动词read应用副词much的比较级more，修饰liked应用副词well的比较级better，故填；The more；the better 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定句式“the +比较级，the+比较级”。
33．据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。
a. a report about wildlife protection the other day.
b. a report about wildlife protection the other day.
【答案】It is said that she wrote；She is said to have written
【解析】【分析】固定句式It is said that...，意为“据说……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，结合句意，所以此处应用It is said that，故填It is said that she wrote ；当表示“某人被说……”常用句式sb. be said to do，结合句意可知，此处表示现在的事实情况，所以时态用一般现在时；表示“写报告”用write a report；写报告的动作发生在说之前，所以此处的不定式要用完成式。所以此处应填 She is said to have written 。故答案为： It is said that she wrote ； She is said to have written
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及固定句式It is said that...和sb. be said to do。
四、完形填空
For the country that invented railways, Britain has shown remarkably little interest in them lately. New networks have been built around Europe in the past few decades, but the only significant stretch of 34． laid in Britain in a century is the 67-mile HS1 railway that links London to the Channel Tunnel. 35． , the country has half as much track as it had in 1963. Yet while Britain has an almost American 36． to invest in railways, its commuting patterns are European; 10% of journeys are by rail, compared with 9% in Germany and less than 1% in America.
Britain's big 37． is that, because it has built no new high-speed lines, it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones. Long 38． have to be left between slow and express trains. The need to make way for high-speed trains thus 39． the number of commuter services, and vice versa.
Eight years ago, the government decided to change this by building a new 345-mile railway from London to the north of England. Though branded as High Speed 2, its principal job was to boost capacity rather than 40． .
Rail is an increasingly significant part of the transport mix. Climate change is making carbon-efficiency even more important. At the same time, passenger numbers have gone beyond 41． . The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17%- 21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years and are expected to go on 42． at a similar rate.
The benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) calculated for HS2, at around one, is hardly acknowledged. But just as the costs of big transport projects are often 43． , so are their long-term benefits. The extension to London's Jubilee tube line, 44． , was approved with a BCR of less than one, but recent analysis suggests that it has been more like 1.75. And that includes only the profits that go directly to the railway, not the 45． consequences of the recovery of London's Docklands area, which the tube line made possible.
The main point of HS2, similarly, is its impact on the cities and towns along its 46． and beyond. Boris Johnson, the prime minister, is on a mission to boost growth in northern and western areas 47． by the country's London-centred pattern of growth. On its own HS2 won't make that happen, but doing so without a new railway would be 48． . The success of the "Northern Powerhouse" rail scheme, to link the north's big towns, depends on it.
34．A．land B．track C．highway D．water
35．A．Besides B．Indeed C．Fortunately D．Likewise
36．A．qualification B．eagerness C．reluctance D．potential
37．A．theory B．ambition C．problem D．solution
38．A．gaps B．lists C．lines D．days
39．A．highlights B．increases C．counts D．limits
40．A．speed B．length C．quantity D．quality
41．A．records B．forecasts C．averages D．scopes
42．A．varying B．declining C．growing D．remaining
43．A．shared B．underestimated C．overlooked D．realized
44．A．for instance B．as a result
C．in addition D．out of problem
45．A．political B．cultural C．economic D．historic
46．A．back B．border C．surface D．route
47．A．settled down B．put forward C．taken over D．left behind
48．A．tough B．flexible C．innovative D．vacant
【答案】34．B；35．B；36．A；37．C；38．A；39．D；40．A；41．B；42．C；43．B；44．A；45．C；46．D；47．D；48．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了英国为什么要实施HS2计划的原因。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
34．句意：在过去的几十年里，欧洲各地都修建了新的铁路网络，但英国在一个世纪里铺设的唯一一段重要的铁轨是连接伦敦和英吉利海峡隧道的67英里长的HS1铁路。A. land“陆地”；B. track“轨道”；C. highway“公路”；D. water“水”。根据空后“the 67-mile HS1 railway”可知此处指英国在一个世纪里铺设的唯一一段重要的铁轨是连接伦敦和英吉利海峡隧道的67英里长的HS1铁路。故选B。
35．句意：事实上，这个国家现在的铁轨只有1963年的一半。A. Besides“此外”；B. Indeed|“确实，事实上”；C. Fortunately“幸运地”；D. Likewise“同样地”。根据空后“the country has half as much track as it had in 1963”是在陈述英国铁轨长度的事实。故选B。
36．句意：然而，尽管英国像美国人一样不愿投资铁路，但其通勤模式却是欧洲人的：10%的出行是乘火车，相比之下，德国是9%，美国是不到1%。A. qualification“资格”；B. eagerness“渴望”；C. reluctance“不情愿”；D. potential“潜能”。根据上文“the country has half as much track as it had in 1963”可知英国现在的铁轨只有1963年的一半，说明不愿意投资铁路建设。故选C。
37．句意：英国的大问题是，由于没有修建新的高速铁路，它在高速城际列车和慢速通勤列车的同一轨道上运行。A. theory“理论”；B. ambition“抱负”；C. problem“问题”；D. solution“解决方案”。根据空后“it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones”是在描述英国铁路的问题。故选C。
38．句意：慢车和快车之间必须有很长的间隔。A. gaps“缺口，间隔”；B. lists“清单”；C. lines“队伍”；D. periods“时期”。根据上文“it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones”以及后文“The need to make way for high-speed trains”可知，慢车和快车之间必须有很长的间隔。故选A。
39．句意：为高速列车让路的需要限制了通勤服务的数量，反之亦然。A. highlights“强调”；B. increases“增加”；C. counts“计数”；D. limits“限制”。根据空前“The need to make way for high-speed trains”可知，为高速列车让路的需要限制了通勤服务的数量。故选D。
40．句意：尽管被冠以“高速2号”的称号，但它的主要工作是提高容量，而不是速度。A. speed“速度”；B. length“长度”；C. quantity“数量”；D. quality“质量”。根据空前“its principal job was to improve capacity rather than”可知“高速2号”铁路的主要工作是提高容量，而不是速度。故选A。
41．句意：与此同时，乘客数量也超出了预期。A. records“记录”；B. forecasts“预言”；C. averages“平均”；D. scopes“范围”。根据下文“The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17-21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years”可知乘客数量在增加，超出了预期。故选B。
42．句意：政府曾预计，在2011年之后的十年里，客运量将增长17到21%；实际上，在短短7年时间里，他们增长了24%，并预计将继续以类似的速度增长。A. varying“变化”；B. declining“下降”；C. growing“成长”；D. remaining“保持”。根据空前“The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17-21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years”可知乘客数量在增加，并且预计将继续以类似的速度增长。故选C。
43．句意：但是，正如大型运输项目的成本经常被低估一样，它们的长期利益也是如此。A. shared“分享”；B. underestimated“低估”；C. overlooked“忽略”；D. realized “认识到，实现”。根据空前“The benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) calculated for HS2, at around one, is hardly acknowledged. But just as the costs of big transport projects are often”可知，HS2的效益成本比率约为1，这几乎不为人知，说明成本经常被低估。故选B。
44．句意：例如，伦敦朱比里地铁线的扩建工程获得批准时，BCR低于1，但最近的分析显示，BCR更接近1.75。A. for instance“例如”；B. as a result“结果”；C. in addition“此外”；D. out of problem“毫无疑问”。此处是在就上文提到的大型运输项目长期利益被低估而进行举例，故选A。
45．句意：而且，这只包括直接流向铁路的利润，而不包括伦敦码头区复苏的经济后果，而这正是地铁线路所带来的。A. political“政治的”；B. cultural“文化的”；C. economic“经济的”；D. historic“历史的”。根据空后“consequences of the recovery of London's Docklands area”指地铁线路为伦敦码头区的经济带来复苏。故选C。
46．句意：同样，HS2项目的重点在于其对沿线及周边城镇的影响。A. back “后面，后背”；B. border“边界”；C. surface“表面”；D. route“路线”。根据空前“towns along its”指铁路沿线，应用route。故选D。
47．句意：英国首相鲍里斯 约翰逊的使命是促进北部和西部地区的增长，这两个地区被英国以伦敦为中心的增长模式抛在了后面。A. settled down“定居”；B. put forward“提出”；C. taken over“接管”；D. left behind“遗留”。根据空前“Boris Johnson, the prime minister, is on a mission to promote growth in northern and western areas”可知，促进北部和西部地区是被英国以伦敦为中心的增长模式抛在后面的区域，故选D。
48．句意：HS2单靠自己无法实现这一点，但如果没有一条新的铁路，实现这一目标将会非常困难。A. tough“艰难的”；B. flexible“灵活的”；C. innovative“革新的”；D. vacant“空着的”。根据空前“On its own HS2 won't make that happen, but doing so without a new railway would be”可知，HS2单靠自己无法实现这一点，但如果没有一条新的铁路，实现这一目标将会非常困难。故选A。
五、阅读理解
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
We all put our hands in the middle, ready for the "TIGERS!" shout. Andrew looked up, his face wrinkled in confusion, and then loosed in relief he said, "Whoa, for a second I forgot there was a girl on this team. I was wondering why there was one hand with painted pink nails!" The guys laughed, and I smiled, once again reminded how cool it was that I was different. "1, 2, 3, TIGERS!" and we were off to the field.
My adventures as the only girl on my all-boys middle school football team were always interesting. Football is known as being predominantly male. But I love football. Ever since I could walk, I would get around the fields. My dad is a huge football fan, and we spend many Saturday afternoons playing football in the yard or watching games. Football is in my blood. So when signups came for the 7th- and 8th-grade team, I signed up. Who says a girl can't do it
Back to Grade 7. Though it was strange for the guys to have me there, and a few felt embarrassed when they heard they'd be tackling a girl, they got used to it. The coach treated me like anyone else, and the boys learned to also. I did the drills, I tackled people, and I got tackled. By the time I got home every night, my body literally crumbled into my bed. But it was all worth it. Game days were everyone's favorite. Football is a team sport of passion, pride and love. The coach would always tell us, "We win as a team: we lose as a team!"
To play well we needed to work as a team. Different as I was being the only girl, it didn't matter. One person, one girl, is not a big thing. I was a part of the team. The coach got us all together, and we'd once again shout "TIGERS!"
49．What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 1
A．To introduce members of her team.
B．To stress the distinctiveness of her team.
C．To show the routine before a football game.
D．To describe the tension before a football game.
50．What pushed the author to sign up for the 7th- and 8th-grade team
A．Her love for football. B．Her father's encouragement.
C．Her desire to show off her skills. D．Her dream to be a football coach.
51．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 show
A．The author was really excited.
B．The author was extremely tired.
C．The author had difficulty falling asleep.
D．The author kept practicing even before sleep.
52．What plays a key role in winning a football game according to the author
A．The coach. B．The team leader.
C．Fighting spirit. D．Teamwork.
【答案】49．B
50．A
51．B
52．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者作为一名女生在足球比赛中的表现。
【点评】考查阅读理解。考生可以先把文章通读一遍，掌握其中心思想，然后认真审题，依据题型的特点，做出正确的判断。
49．推理判断。根据文章第一段的“We all put our hands in themiddle, ready for the "TIGERS!" shout. Andrew looked up, his facewrinkled in confusion, and then loosed in relief he said, "Whoa, for asecond I forgot there was a girl on this team. I was wondering why there wasone hand with painted pink nails!" The guys laughed, and I smiled, onceagain reminded how cool it was that I was different. "1, 2, 3, TIGERS!"and we were off to the field.（我们都把手放在中间，准备听“老虎”的喊声。安德鲁抬起头，困惑地皱起了脸，然后松了一口气，说:“哇，有那么一瞬间，我忘了这队还有个女孩。我还在想为什么有一只手的指甲涂成了粉红色呢!”他们笑了，我笑了，再一次提醒我，我是多么的与众不同。" 1,2,3，老虎!"然后我们就出发了。）”可知，作者写第一段的目的是描述足球比赛前的紧张气氛。故选D。
50．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Ever since could walk, I would get around the fields. My dad is a huge football fan, andwe spend many Saturday afternoons playing football in the yard or watchinggames. Football is in my blood. So when signups came for the 7th- and 8th-gradeteam, I signed up. Who says a girl can't do it （自从我能走路，我就会在田野里走动。我爸爸是个超级足球迷，我们经常在周六下午在院子里踢足球或看比赛。足球融入了我的血液。所以当七年级和八年级的队伍报名时，我也报名了。谁说女孩不能做 ）”可知她对足球的热爱促使提交人报名参加了7年级和8年级的球队。故选A。
51．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“The coach treated me likeanyone else, and the boys learned to also. I did the drills, I tackled people,and I got tackled. （教练像对待其他人一样对待我，男孩们也学会了这样做。我做训练，擒抱别人，也被擒抱。）”可知教练对待作者像对待其他人一样，男孩的训练量也是挺大的；再根据“By the time I got home every night（等我每晚回家的时候）”以及“But it was all worth it.（但这一切都是值得的。）”可知，作者训练完以后很累，但是值得。所以划线部分“my body literally crumbled into my bed（我的身体真的瘫倒在床上了）”的意思就是作者累极了。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“To play well we needed towork as a team. Different as I was being the only girl, it didn't matter. Oneperson, one girl, is not a big thing. I was a part of the team. The coach gotus all together, and we'd once again shout "TIGERS!"（为了踢得好，我们需要团队合作。虽然我是唯一的女孩，但这并不重要。一个人，一个女孩，不是什么大事。我是团队的一员。教练把我们聚在一起，我们又一次喊“老虎队!”）”可知，根据作者的观点，团队合作在赢得比赛中起着关键的作用。故选D。
B
阅读短文，回答问题
I start my workday early, parking myself in front of my home computer and often forgetting to get up for hours. But one thing I try to do every day is take a ten-minute walk around midday.
Walking at lunchtime is a smart thing to do, a new study finds. This doesn't seem like news. After all, we've known forever that doing exercise is good for us. But as The New York Times points out, those fitness studies typically looked at the effects of exercise plans in the long run. This new study looks at changes that happen more quickly, from one day to the next or even from this hour to the next hour.
For the study, researchers gathered a group of mostly sedentary(久坐的) office workers in the UK. All were out of shape, but otherwise emotionally and physically healthy. Researchers asked them to take 30-minute lunchtime walks, three days a week for 10 weeks. The volunteers were also asked to install apps on their phones, so that the researchers could send the volunteers questions after they walked. Then the researchers used those answers to judge how the volunteers were feeling about life and work, and to measure their feelings about everything from stress and tension to motivation.
When the researchers compared the volunteers' answers on the afternoons when they walked to those on the afternoons they didn't walk, there was quite a difference. On the days when they had a lunchtime walk, the volunteers said they felt less stressed, more energetic and more relaxed compared with the days when they didn't walk.
Unfortunately, the researchers said many of the volunteers didn't believe they'd be able to continue walking once the study ended, mainly because they were expected to work through their lunch breaks. It's an understandable response, but a sad one.
53．How does the new study differ from other fitness studies
A．It calls on people to have a walk after lunch.
B．It focuses on the short-term effects of walking.
C．It mainly pays attention to sedentary office workers.
D．It aims at studying the relationship between exercise and health.
54．Why were the volunteers required to install apps on their phones
A．To record their time spent online.
B．To know how long they walked.
C．To prevent them from getting lost.
D．To respond to the researchers' questions.
55．What is the finding of the new study
A．Lunchtime walks can soon improve people's mood.
B．Office workers usually have little time to go for a walk.
C．A sedentary lifestyle is linked to an increased risk of disease.
D．Walking brings more advantages to people than other exercise.
56．What can we infer about the volunteers from the last paragraph
A．They will spend more time walking.
B．Some of them tend to be more outgoing.
C．Most of them will perform better at work.
D．They may stop lunchtime walks due to work pressure.
【答案】53．B
54．D
55．A
56．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现在午餐后，短暂的散步是一件明智的事情，这能快速改善你的情绪。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
53．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But as The New York Times points out, those fitness studies typically looked at the effects of exercise plans in the long run.”但正如《纽约时报》指出的那样，这些健身研究通常着眼于长期锻炼计划的影响；以及“This new study looks at changes that happen more quickly, from one day to the next or even from this hour to the next hour.”这项新研究着眼于发生得更快的变化，从一天到第二天，甚至从这个小时到下一个小时。可知，该研究主要是关注的是散步对一个人在每天之间甚至是每个小时间的发生的变化，也就是对人们的短期影响。故选B。
54．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The volunteers were also asked to install apps on their phones, so that the researchers could send the volunteers questions after they walked. Then the researchers used those answers to judge how the volunteers were feeling about life and work, and to measure their feelings about everything from stress and tension to motivation.”志愿者还被要求在手机上安装应用程序，以便研究人员可以在志愿者走路后向他们发送问题。然后，研究人员使用这些答案来判断志愿者对生活和工作的感受，并衡量他们对从压力和紧张到动机等一切事物的感受。可知，志愿者要求安装app是为了在散步后发送问题给志愿者，让他们回答，然后根据他们的回答做出分析和判断。故选D。
55．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“On the days when they had a lunchtime walk, the volunteers said they felt less stressed, more energetic and more relaxed versus(与………相对) on the days when they didn't walk. ”在午餐时间散步的日子里，志愿者们说，与不走路的日子相比，他们感到压力更小，更有活力，更放松。可知，午餐时间散步与不散步的日子进行比较发现，午餐后散步可以让他们感觉压力变小，精力更充沛，更轻松，所以说，午餐散步能改变人的情绪。故选A。
56．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Unfortunately, the researchers said many of the volunteers didn’t believe they’d be able to continue walking once the study ended, mainly because they were expected to work through their lunch breaks.”不幸的是，研究人员表示，许多志愿者认为一旦研究结束，他们就不能继续餐后散步，主要是因为他们需要在午休时间工作。可知，志愿者认为在研究结束后，他们可能在午餐休息时间去工作，而不是继续餐后散步，可推断，志愿者很可能由于工作原因而停止午餐后散步。故选D。
C
阅读短文，回答问题
Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations relies on kindness. As parents and teachers, we also teach children from a young age to "be kind to one another" and "treat others the way you want to be treated."
In addition to being helpful to our interpersonal relationships, research has shown that kindness can even contribute to our well-being. According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone(激素) .Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person. There can be a positive contagion(扩散) effect, where other people are motivated to be nice if they receive a random act of kindness. The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.
You are the new person on the team and you want to be well-liked and respected by your colleagues. You are a kind person and tell your team, "Let me know how I can help you; I'm always available to help." Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let's fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. In fact, the only time they communicate with you is when they need something. You have been so helpful to your colleagues and there has rarely been any return from them.
In a very broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid forward. However, you need to be willing to say "no". Recognize when your plate is already too full. When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying "no" to others and saying "yes" to yourself.
57．What has the Mayo Clinic found concerning kindness
A．It does good to our mind.
B．It reduces hormone levels.
C．It adds years to people's life.
D．It leads to the success of civilizations.
58．What might the new person mentioned in paragraph3 feel one year later
A．Grateful. B．Satisfied. C．Disappointed. D．Energetic.
59．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A．When you're too full to eat anything.
B．When your kind acts get appreciated.
C．When you should ask others a favor.
D．When you're physically and mentally tired.
60．What can be the best title for the text
A．Your kindness counts for your well-being!
B．Are we tiring ourselves with kindness
C．Why are random acts of kindness important
D．Never underestimate the power of kindness at work!
【答案】57．A
58．C
59．D
60．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了善良被视为一种真正的力量，父母和老师教导我们善待他人，善意有如此明显的好处，它会对我们有害吗？当人们要求帮忙时，要评估自己是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
57．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person.”根据梅奥诊所的说法，当我们进行善举时，我们大脑中的快乐中心被激活，释放减压激素定期志愿服务的人报告更高的生活满意度。更重要的是，善良很少只停留在一个人身上。可知，实行善举可以激活大脑中的快乐，释放压力和提高生活满意度，即对我们的大脑是有好处的。故选A。
58．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.”虽然你可能真的是这个意思，但不幸的是，这个世界上有些人可以将你的善良视为一种弱点。这可能会导致你被别人利用；以及第四段中的“Let's fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. ”让我们快进一年。你现在已经在你的职位上工作了一年，你正在与同一个团队合作。你注意到你的同事一遍又一遍地向你寻求帮助。可知，新人一年后可能会被别人利用，会受到伤害，即会失望。故选C。
59．考查句义猜测。根据最后一段中的“When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying ‘no’ to others and saying ‘yes’ to yourself.”当人们要求你帮忙时，评估你是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要真正善良，有时你需要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”，可知，在决定是否帮助别人时，要看自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，以此推测划线句子指的是要意识到自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，即要意识到自己是否身心疲惫。故选D。
60．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.”那么问题来了：当善良有如此明显的好处时，它会对我们有害吗？让我们在工作场所或组织中考虑这个问题；以及全文可知，本文主要在讲做善事对我们是否有坏处，“我们是不是因为善良而累了？”最适合做本文的标题。故选B。
D
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The time to form a new habit depends on the person, the habit itself, the environment, and the motivation. Generally speaking, 60 days is good enough for getting a new habit formed, but some habits could take twice as long. Some habits will never be formed no matter how much time passes. Even a habit that takes months or years to form can still be broken eventually.
Becoming an early riser was really challenging. I struggled with this habit for years to manage to form it. I do break this habit now and then, usually by choice to experience something different for a while. In the past 90 days, I have stayed in bed past 5 am perhaps only two or three times. It takes me less than a week to be back with it. Remembering the benefits surely helps.
In my 20s I was too impatient with many habits. If I couldn't get something working in a few weeks, I'd often drop it and try something else. Now that I'm in my late 40s, I have learned to think in a more practical way. I know that even if it takes many months or years to form a new habit, I am sure the habit could bring advantages for many years. It doesn't take me too long to think of carrying out the new habit, I just get it started. When you think about a habit that you have stuck to for many years, who cares if it took a few weeks or six months to form it
Don't worry so much about how long it takes to form a habit. Instead, consider which habits could improve the quality of your life so that they are worthy of six months to get them formed. When a habit forms at last, it feels uncomfortable not to do it, and your day doesn't feel complete without it.
61．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．We have to keep the habits once formed.
B．Most habits can be formed quickly.
C．We need sixty days to form a new habit.
D．The time to form habits varies greatly.
62．Why does the writer break the habit of getting up early sometimes
A．He likes sleeping in bed for a while.
B．He wants to try something different.
C．He prepares breakfast for the family.
D．He is afraid to wake up his family.
63．What does the writer think more about the habit when he is in his forties
A．The development of the habit. B．The expense of the habit.
C．The benefits of the habit. D．The limitation of the habit.
64．In which part of a magazine is this text most probably taken from
A．Education. B．Technology. C．Tourism. D．Literature.
【答案】61．D
62．B
63．C
64．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。养成一个新的好习惯所需要的时间取决于个人、习惯本身、环境和动机。不要太关注养成一种新习惯所需要的时间长短，而要关注养成这种习惯可能会带来的好处。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
61．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The time to form a new habit depends on the person, the habit itself, the environment, and the motivation.”可知，养成新习惯所需的时间取决于个人、习惯本身、环境和动机。由此可推知，养成不同习惯的时间差别很大，故选D。
62．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I do break this habit now and then, usually by choice to experience something different for a while."我确实会时不时地打破这个习惯，通常是选择暂时体验一些不同的东西。可知，作者偶尔打破早起的习惯，通常是为了体验一些不一 样的事情。故选B。
63．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now that I'm in my late 40s, I have learned to think in a more practical way. I know that even if it takes many months or years to form a new habit, I am sure the habit could bring advantages for many years."现在我已经40多岁了，我已经学会了用更实际的方式思考问题。我知道，即使养成一个新习惯需要几个月或几年的时间，但我相信这个习惯会带来很多年的好处。故选C。
64．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文围绕习惯展开，介绍了影响一个新习惯养成的几点因素及养成好习惯可能带来的好处，应属于杂志教育版块的范畴。故选A。
六、书面表达
65．假如你是李华，你校将举办以"人工智能与生活"为主题的科技创新大赛（the Science and Technology Innovation Contest）。请你用英语为本次活动写一则宣传稿，内容包括：
1）比赛目的；2）主题与内容；3）参赛方式。
注意：
1）词数80词左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】 Aimed at enriching our life and inspire our creativity, the Science and Technology Innovation Contest will be held by our school next week.
With the theme of artificial intelligence and life, the contest will attract competitors from different grades to exhibit their works, which is bound to impress whoever participates in it. In addition, not only will some famous scientists and inventors be invited to give lectures and act as judges, but also some foreign students will join in the contest. On the whole, the contest is a feast for those who have a passion for science and technology.
If interested, please sign up at the school office before this Friday. Come and explore your rich imagination!
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份用英语为本次活动写一则宣传稿。写作背景：你校将举办以"人工智能与生活"为主题的科技创新大赛 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1）比赛目的；2）主题与内容；3）参赛方式。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Aimed at enriching our life and inspire our creativity, the Science and Technology Innovation Contest will be held by our school next week.运用了过去分词作状语，被动语态；With the theme of artificial intelligence and life, the contest will attract competitors from different grades to exhibit their works, which is bound to impress whoever participates in it.运用了非限制性定语从句； In addition, not only will some famous scientists and inventors be invited to give lectures and act as judges, but also some foreign students will join in the contest. 运用了并列句，倒装句；On the whole, the contest is a feast for those who have a passion for science and technology.运用了限制性定语从句；If interested, please sign up at the school office before this Friday. 运用了条件状语从句的省略；Come and explore your rich imagination!运用了祈使句。
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