中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
冀教版必修一Unit5单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
Tu Youyou Nominated for The Greatest Person of the 20th Century
Chinese female chemist Tu Youyou was nominated for BBC Two's" Icons: The Greatest Person of the 20th Century" in the science category, together with three other great scientists—Marie Curie, Albert Einstein and Alan Turing.
Icons, launched on January 8, is an epic new history series 1． gives a description of great people from seven different fields of human achievements—leaders, explorers, scientists, entertainers, activists, sports stars, and artists & writers.
Tu Youyou, 88, is the only living nominee 2． (represent) the field of science as well as the only Asian face among the 28 nominees.
Tu is China's first female Nobel prize winner, credited with the discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), a new treatment 3． malaria (疟疾). Artemisinin-based combination treatments are now the best treatments recommended by the World Health Organization. Tu's significant breakthrough in tropical medicine is definitely 4． (pioneer), as the health of millions of people gets greatly 5． (improve) and many people's lives are thus saved.
"Not often in the history of clinical medicine 6． we celebrate a discovery that has eased the pain and sufferings of hundreds of millions of people and saved the lives of countless numbers of people, particularly children, in over 100 countries, "Stanford University professor Lucy Shapiro said 7． she was describing Tu's discovery.
8． her extraordinary work, Tu won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015, the top prize ever obtained by the Chinese medical community.
Tu said the discovery of artemisinin is a small step in the mankind's efforts in conquering malaria and a gift from traditional Chinese medicine to the world. Still, solid work 9． (require) in the research of profound mechanism of artemisinin-based medicine.
10． (influential) person of the 20th century will be announced live in a grand finale on February 5 following a final public vote.
【答案】1．which；2．to represent；3．for；4．pioneering；5．improved；6．can；7．while；8．Thanks to；9．is required；10．The most influential
【解析】【分析】文章大意：屠呦呦因为发现青蒿素被BBC偶像栏目20世纪最具影响力的人提名。
【点评】考查语法填空。答题时要跳过空格通读全文，了解大意，然后根据语境以及所给单词的提示对所缺部分逐一解答，注意要考虑句型，语法，搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍，并逐一验证。
1．句意：偶像栏目，开始于1月8日，是新的历史史诗系列，这个系列给与来自7个不同人类成就领域的伟人描述。根据空前为history series，空后是对history series的描述，可知该句为定语从句，用关系词which来替代前面所叙述的历史系列，故答案为which。
2．句意：屠呦呦是唯一的代表科学领域的在世被提名人，也是28个被提名人中唯一的亚洲面孔。根据空前有living nominee，提示词是动词，可知用to do 不定式做后置定语来修饰前面名词，故填to represent。
3．句意：屠呦呦是中国第一位女性诺贝尔奖获得者，归功于发现青蒿素，青蒿素是一种新的对待疟疾的治疗方法。a treatment for + 疾病名词，表示治疗……病的方法，故填介词for。
4．句意：屠呦呦在热带医学上的重大突破肯定是开拓性的。pioneer，动词，开拓，做先锋；空前句子有be动词，把动词变为形容词pioneering，有开拓性的，故答案为pioneering。
5．句意：随着数百万人的健康状况得到极大的改善，许多人的生命因此被拯救。get improved得到改善，被改善，表被动，be/get+过去分词，improve的过去分词为improved，故答案为improved。
6．句意：在临床医学史上，我们很少能庆祝这样一个发现。此处为not+状语引导的部分倒装句，需要把be动词，助动词，情态动词提前，空前为状语，缺少提前的助动词，结合语境此处是能够庆祝，故答案为can。
7．句意：斯坦福大学教授Lucy Shapiro说，然而她正在描述屠呦呦的发现。结合前文，医学史上很少有这样的发现，此处为转折，while表示然而，故答案为while。
8．句意：_____她的卓越的工作，屠呦呦赢得了2015年的诺贝尔生理医学奖。结合语境，可知此处缺少一个介词短语，由于她的卓越的工作，由于，多亏了为介词短语thanks to，故答案为Thanks to。
9．句意：在青蒿素类药物深远的研究进程中，扎实的工作仍然被需要。require，动词，要求，空前主语为solid work，是事物，需变为被动语态，结构为be+过去分词，故答案为is required。
10．句意：20世纪最有影响力的人将被现场宣布。influential，形容词，有影响力的，根据标题屠呦呦被“20世纪最伟大人物”提名，可知此处是20世纪最具影响力的人，将形容词变为最高级，在前加the most，故答案为The most influential。
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
根据句意，用所给词组的正确形式填空。
turn to, take part in, in ruins, make up one's mind,as a matter of fact, set up, go through
11．The police the whole building but didn't t find anything valuable.
12．—I'm afraid she won't come to help me as she promised.
—Don't worry. Nothing will change her mind if she has .
13．The strong earthquake left the city merely in several seconds.
14．He his own business after he graduated from university.
15．It goes without saying that social activities can broaden our horizons.
【答案】11．went through
12．made up her mind
13．in ruins
14．set up
15．taking part in
【解析】【分析】turn to动词短语，“转向，面向”； take part in动词短语，“参加”； in ruins介词短语，“成为废墟”； make up one's mind动词短语，“下决心”；as a matter of fact介词短语，“实际上”； set up动词短语，“建立”； go through动词短语，“经历，搜查”。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的短语，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
11．句意：警察搜查了整栋大楼，但没有发现任何有价值的东西。go through动词短语，“经历，搜查”，此处是谓语动词，根据but didn't t find anything valuable ，可知应用一般过去时，故填 went through 。
12．句意：——我担心她不会像她承诺的那样来帮助我。——别担心。如果她下定决心，什么都不会改变她的主意。make up one's mind动词短语，“下决心”，结合语境和助动词has，应用现在完成时，故填made up her mind 。
13．句意：强烈的地震只在几秒钟内就把这座城市夷为废墟。 in ruins介词短语，“成为废墟”，此处介词短语作宾补，故填in ruins 。
14．句意：他大学毕业后创办了自己的企业。set up动词短语，“建立”，此处是谓语动词，结合 after he graduated from university ，可知应用一般过去时，故填 set up 。
15．句意：不用说，参加社交活动可以拓宽我们的视野。take part in动词短语，“参加”，此处是动名词作主语，故填taking part in 。
三、翻译
16．He is the eldest child in the family, so the belief that he should assume more responsibility (扎根) his mind.
【答案】is rooted in
【解析】【分析】句意：他是家里最大的孩子，所以他应该承担更多责任的信念根植于他的心中。“ 扎根 ”应用动词短语be rooted in，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，主语是 more responsibility ，故填 is rooted in 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定短语be rooted in 。
17．How would you feel if moving to a new town meant (不了解……的情况) your friends （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】losing；track；of
【解析】【分析】句意：如果搬到一个新城市意味着和朋友失去联系，你会作何感想 根据句意和汉语提示，句中"不了解……的情况"可理解为"失去……的消息；失去联系"，可用动词短语lose track of表示，作宾语；从句谓语动词meant表示"意味着"，跟动名词作宾语。故填 losing；track；of。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动名词作宾语以及动词短语lose track of。
18．It's not surprising that you're tired. (毕竟), you were up until three last night! （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】After；all
【解析】【分析】句意：你累了，这并不奇怪。毕竟，你昨晚熬夜到三点。根据汉语提示，可知为after all；设空处在句中作状语，结合句意。故填After all。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语after all。
19．Many young people came to Australia in the 19th century to (发财). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】make a fortune/ make their fortune
【解析】【分析】句意：19世纪，许多年轻人来到澳大利亚发财。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应用动词原形，再根据所给中文提示词，应是make one's fortune或者make a fortune意为"发财"。故填make a fortune/make their fortune。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作目的状语以及动词短语make one's fortune/make a fortune。
20．The thief ran away before I (意识到) what had happened—my wallet was stolen. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】was aware of
【解析】【分析】句意：小偷在我意识到发生了什么事之前就跑了——我的钱包被偷了。分析句子，设空处是谓语动词，同时描述的是过去发生的事实应该使用一般过去时。根据汉语提示"意识到"应该用be aware of，故填was aware of。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语be aware of。
21．He gave the description without (参考) his notes. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】referring；to
【解析】【分析】句意：他在没有参考笔记的情况下进行了描述。根据汉语提示，without介词，接动名词作宾语，refer to"参考"，refer的动名词形式是referring，故填referring to。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动名词作介词宾语以固定短语refer to。
22．After fighting with and (恢复) a serious disease, Selena Gomez is sharing her struggle through her new song. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】recovering from
【解析】【分析】句意：赛琳娜·戈麦斯在与重病抗争并康复后，通过她的新歌分享了她的挣扎。分析句子结构可知，空处和空前的fighting with并列，位于介词后，也用动名词形式，再根据句意和所给中文提示词，应该是recover from意为"恢复"。故填recovering from。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作介词宾语。
23．无论我们在哪里旅行，减少负面影响都将有助于使许多子孙后代享受相同的景点成为可能。
Reducing the negative impact, we travel, will help make possible for many future generations to enjoy the same sites.
【答案】wherever；it
【解析】【分析】结合句意可知，we travel为让步状语从句，且表示“无论在哪旅行”，所以需要用wherever引导；make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth.为固定短语表示“使某人做某事很……样”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式to enjoy the same sites。故填wherever；it。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及让步状语从句和it作形式主语。
24．我敢保证你很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样子，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同。
I bet you'd love to know daily life is like up in space and how it _ (different) from that on the Earth.
【答案】what；differs
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，“know”后为“and”连接的两个并列宾语从句，所以空①为宾语从句连接词，问“……是什么样子”为固定句型what...be like，故用连接代词what。空②在以“how”引导的宾语从句中作谓语，所以应用动词形式differ；根据句中“is”可知，应用一般现在时；主语是“it”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式differs。故答案为：① what ② differs。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句，一般现在时的第三人称单数形式和主谓一致。
25．她想不出儿童节该送孩子们什么礼物，这使她很焦虑。(连接代词/副词+不定式)
She couldn't think of for Children's Day, which made her anxious.
【答案】what to give children as presents
【解析】【分析】根据英汉对照，可知缺少“该送孩子什么礼物”；分析句子结构并根据提示可知，这里用“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语；根据句意，可知要用连接代词what，故填what to give children as presents。
【点评】考查汉译英。注意宾语从句的特殊形式——连接代词/副词+不定式。
四、完形填空
Returning home from a fortnight's holiday, we noticed there had been a lot of rain in our area. As I was checking out some pole holes that my husband, Peter, had 26． , I noticed that they were a quarter 27． with rain. I was surprised to see that a little hedgehog (刺猬) had 28． into one of them.
I am still amazed that he did not 29． . Peter put some gloves on, reached in and pulled the 30． thing out. It was quite 31． in the evening so we put him on a 32． to keep warm and gave him some vegetables. The next morning when Peter went out to 33． the hedgehog, he was nowhere to be seen.
We didn't see him again until six months later. It was about 8 p. m. when I heard a (n) 34． sound and light knocking at the front door. I opened the door, and to my 35． , there was the hedgehog.
I had read somewhere that hedgehogs carry worms so I tried to 36． him out. I didn't want him to 37． on my carpet. The children, on the other hand, were quite 38． because the hedgehogs rolled up into a 39． when they touched him. After sticking around for a few minutes, he slipped off. I came to the 40． that he had come in to thank us for saving him.
26．A．dug B．found C．torn D．cut
27．A．low B．high C．wide D．full
28．A．slept B．swum C．fallen D．hidden
29．A．float B．drown C．escape D．fear
30．A．poor B．heavy C．dirty D．terrible
31．A．hot B．cold C．frightening D．comfortable
32．A．wood B．table C．blanket D．bag
33．A．pick up B．check on C．take out D．send away
34．A．unusual B．rude C．impossible D．sharp
35．A．confusion B．comfort C．surprise D．disappointment
36．A．carry B．lead C．show D．drive
37．A．lie B．walk C．jump D．stand
38．A．excited B．nervous C．calm D．concerned
39．A．pile B．box C．ball D．pole
40．A．condition B．argument C．question D．conclusion
【答案】26．A；27．D；28．C；29．B；30．A；31．B；32．C；33．B；34．A；35．C；36．D；37．B；38．A；39．C；40．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只被拯救的刺猬回来向施救者表示感谢的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
26．句意：当我检查一些我丈夫彼得之前挖的洞时，我注意到它们装满了四分之一的雨水。A. dug“挖”；B. found“发现”；C. torn“撕开”；D. cut“切，割”。根据空前“pole holes”杆子洞，可知，此处指挖洞。故选A。
27．句意：当我检查一些我丈夫彼得之前挖的洞时，我注意到它们装满了四分之一的雨水。A. low“低的”；B. high“高的”；C. wide“宽的”；D. full“满的”。根据上文“we noticed there had been a lot of rain in our area”我们注意到我们这块儿有很多的雨水，可知，作者注意到洞里充满雨水。故选D。
28．句意：我惊讶地看到一只小刺猬掉到它们中的一个洞。A. slept“睡觉”；B. swum“游”；C. fallen“掉落”；D. hidden“躲，藏”。根据上文“As I was checking out some pole holes”当我检查一些杆子洞时；以及空前“I was surprised to see that a little hedgehog…”我惊讶地看到一只小刺猬。可知，作者在检查杆子洞时，发现一只小刺猬掉进了洞里。故选C。
29．句意：我还很惊讶，它没有淹死。A. float“漂浮”；B. drown“溺水，淹死”；C. escape“逃跑”；D. fear“害怕”。根据空前“amazed ”可知，这个小刺猬没有被淹死，这让作者感到惊讶。故选B。
30．句意：彼得戴上手套，伸进去把这个可怜的家伙拿了出来。A. poor“可怜的”；B. heavy“重的”；C. dirty“脏的”；D. terrible“可怕的”。根据上文刺猬掉进有水的洞里面可知，这是一个可怜的家伙。故选A。
31．句意：晚上的天气相当的冷，所以我们把它放到一个毯子上来保暖。A. hot“热的”；B. cold“冷的”；C. frightening“令人害怕的”；D. comfortable“舒适的”。根据空后“to keep warm”可知，天气是比较冷的，我们把刺猬放到毛毯上保暖。故选B。
32．句意：晚上的天气相当的冷，所以我们把它放到一个毯子上来保暖。A. wood“木头”；B. table“桌子”；C. blanket“毯子”；D. bag“包”。根据句意可知，天气是比较冷的，我们把刺猬放到毛毯上保暖。故选C。
33．句意：第二天，当彼得去检查这只刺猬时，哪儿都找不到它了。A. pick up“拾起，学到”；B. check on“检查，查看”；C. take out“带走”；D. send away“送走”。根据空后“he was nowhere to be seen”哪儿都找不到它，可知，这个小刺猬已经不见了，因此说明彼得出去查看了刺猬。故选B。
34．句意：大约晚上8点，我听到不寻常的声音，灯光照在前门。A. unusual“不寻常的”；B. rude“粗鲁的”；C. impossible“不可能的”；D. sharp“锋利的”。根据空后“sound and light knocking at the front door”前门有声响和灯光，可知，说明前门有东西在，可得出作者听到不寻常的声音。故选A。
35．句意：我打开门，令我惊讶的是，门口是这只刺猬。A. confusion“困惑”；B. comfort“安慰，舒适”；C. surprise“惊讶”；D. disappointment“失望”。根据上文语境和空后“there was the hedgehog”是那只刺猬，可知，上文讲小刺猬不见了，但开门后作者发现是那只小刺猬，这让作者感到惊讶。故选C。
36．句意：我之前在哪儿读到过刺猬携带寄生虫，所以我试图赶走它。A. carry“扛，携带”；B. lead“带路”；C. show“展现”；D. drive“开车，驱赶”。根据空前“I had read somewhere that hedgehogs carry worms”我之前在哪儿读到过刺猬携带寄生虫，可知，作者听说过刺猬会携带寄生虫，因此想赶它走。故选D。
37．句意：我不想它走到我的毯子上。A. lie“说谎”；B. walk“走路”；C. jump“跳”；D. stand“站”。根据空后“on my carpet”在毯子上，可知，作者不想让（也许携带寄生虫的）刺猬在地毯上走。故选B。
38．句意：另一方面，孩子们相当的兴奋，因为当他们摸它时，刺猬滚成了一个球。A. excited“兴奋的”；B. nervous“焦虑的”；C. calm“平静的”；D. concerned“担心的”。根据空后“because the hedgehogs rolled up into a...”刺猬滚成了一个……，可知，另一方面，孩子们非常开心，因为他们一碰刺猬，它就会卷成一个球。故选A。
39．句意：另一方面，孩子们相当的兴奋，因为当他们摸它时，刺猬滚成了一个球。A. pile“堆”；B. box“盒子”；C. ball“球”；D. pole“杆，柱”。根据常识和空前“because the hedgehogs rolled up into a…”可知，孩子们一碰刺猬，它就会卷成一个球。故选C。
40．句意：我得出结论，它是来感谢我们救了它。A. condition“条件”；B. argument“争论”；C. question“问题”；D. conclusion“结论”。根据空后“that he had come in to thank us for saving him”它是来感谢我们救了它，可知，作者得出结论，刺猬是来感谢他们救了它。故选D。
五、阅读理解
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
City's icons celebrate milestones
Happy birthday to these big apple attractions
150TH
The Met isn't the only New York City institution celebrating an anniversary in 2020 - 2021.
130TH
April 2021 marks the 130th year of Carnegie Hall, the prestigious landmark that has delighted audiences with performers from around the world, including Frank Sinatra, the Beatles and Gustav Mahler.
125TH
Another NYC mainstay with a recent anniversary is the New York Public Library. Established in 1895, the main branch in midtown Manhattan, with its entrance famously flanked by lion statues named Patience and Fortitude, is a must-visit landmark that turned 125 in May 2020.
90TH
Almost a hundred years ago, competing skyscrapers shot into the atmosphere in a race to become the world's tallest building. At 1,046 feet, the Chrysler Building — which celebrated its 90th anniversary in May 2020 - was the first to hold the title, but only briefly.
90 TH
One year after the Chrysler Building was built, the Empire State Building was completed, topping off at 1,250 feet (or 1,454 if you count the antennae and spire) and remained the world's tallest building for a respectable 40 years. The iconic skyscraper — synonymous with the Big Apple itself — turns 90 in May 2021.
41．What is Carnegie Hall usually used for
A．Reading. B．Exhibition. C．Performance. D．Overlooking.
42．What do we know about the New York Public Library
A．It was founded in 1895.
B．April 2021 marks its 125th year.
C．It has become the world's tallest building.
D．It was completed after the Chrysler Building was built.
43．Which of the following wins a longer title of "the world's tallest building"
A．The Met. B．The Empire State Building.
C．The New York Public Library. D．The Chrysler Building.
【答案】41．C
42．A
43．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国纽约城5个标志性建筑物的周年纪念日。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
41．考查细节理解。根据130TH部分中的“Carnegie Hall, the prestigious landmark that has delighted audiences with performers from around the world.”卡内基音乐厅这座著名的音乐厅曾经吸引了来自世界各地的音乐家，带给观众愉快体验。可知，卡耐基音乐厅通常是用于表演的。故选C。
42．考查细节理解。根据125TH部分中的“Established in 1895, the main branch in midtown Manhattan, with its entrance famously flanked by lion statues named Patience and Fortitude, is a must-visit landmark that turned 125 in May 2020.”建立于1895年，是曼哈顿中城的主要分支，入口处有一对著名的狮子雕像，名为“耐心”和“坚韧”，是一个必去的地标，2020年5月满125周岁。可知，纽约公共图书馆成立于1895年。故选A。
43．考查细节理解。通读文章可知，文中the Chrysler Building和the Empire State Building都成为过世界最高建筑物。根据“the Chrysler Building — which celebrated its 90th anniversary in May 2020 — was the first to hold the title, but only briefly.”海拔1046英尺的Chrysler大厦——在2020年5月庆祝了它的90周年纪念——是第一个拥有这个头衔的，但只是短暂的；以及“the Empire State Building was completed, top-ping off at 1 ,250 feet (or 1 ,454 if you count the antennae and spire) and remained the world's tallest building for a respectable 40 years.”帝国大厦竣工，最高达1250英尺(如果算上天线和尖顶的话，达到1454英尺) ，在令人尊敬的40年里一直是世界上最高的建筑。可知，the Empire State Building 享有更久的“世界最高建筑物”之称，长达40年。故选B。
B
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At eleven, I decided to learn to swim. There was a pool at the Y. M. C. A. offering exactly the opportunity. Mother continually warned against it, and kept fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the Y. M. C. A. pool was safe.
I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.
The pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, "Hi, Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked " With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly.
When I came to consciousness, I found myself lying on the bed in the hospital.
I never went back to the pool. I avoided water whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would return.
This went on until July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me "
I had conquered my fear of water.
44．The author's original fear of water was caused by__________.
A．his poor skill in swimming
B．his mother's warning of drowning
C．an outing to the beach with his father
D．an unpleasant memory of the pool
45．Why was the author not scared to death when he was thrown into the water
A．He knew how to swim in the pool.
B．He felt that the Y. M. C. A. pool was safe.
C．He was waiting for others to save him.
D．He came up with an idea to go upwards.
46．By "but I was not" in paragraph 5, the author probably means"
A．he was still a poor swimmer
B．he had not overcome the fear yet
C．he was not afraid of drowning any more
D．he was not satisfied with the swimming training
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Goodbye, Mr. Terror B．Hello, Childhood Fear
C．A Swimming Adventure D．My Passion for Swimming
【答案】44．C
45．D
46．B
47．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候和父亲去海滩的遭遇使作者开始害怕水，直到自己游过温特沃思湖时，才克服对水的恐惧的经历。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
44．考查细节理解。根据第二段“I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.” 我从小就害怕水。从我三岁开始，父亲带我去海滩。 巨浪把我击倒，席卷了我。可知，我是小时候和父亲一起去海滩的遭遇使我开始害怕水，故选C。
45．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards.” 但我并没有被吓得惊慌失措——当我的脚碰到地的时候，我会做一个大的跳跃，跳出水面。好像有很长一段路要走。当我着陆时，我聚集了我所有的力量，做了一个我认为是一个巨大的向上的跳跃。可推断出作者认为自己找到了向上跳出水面的方法，所以他没有害怕，故选D。
46．考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的“Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished,” 最后，我决定找个教练员。 他一个接一个地造就了游泳运动员。 几个月后，教练指导完成了， but I was not表示转折，再根据“Sometimes the terror would return. ”有时恐怖还会重来，由此推断but I was not意为我还没有克服恐惧。故选B。
47．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said,‘Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me ’I had conquered my fear of water.” 当我在湖中央时，我把脸放在下面，只看到无底的水。 我笑着说：“好吧，恐怖先生，你认为你能对我做什么？” 我克服了对水的恐惧。再结合文章，可知作者主要对自己从小害怕水又到克服水的经历的描述。主题应该是克服对水的恐惧。“再见，恐怖先生”符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选A。
C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The Neurosurgical Simulation (神经外科模拟) and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre hired 70 medical students to perform virtual brain tumor removals.
Researchers randomly assigned students to receive instruction and feedback by either an AI tutor or a remote expert instructor, with a third control group receiving no instruction. An AI-powered tutor called the Virtual Operative Assistant (VOA) used a machine learning algorithm to teach safe and efficient surgical technique and provided personalized feedback, while a deep learning system and a team of experts assessed student performance. In the other group, remote instructors watched a live feed of the surgical simulations and provided feedback based on the student's performance.
The researchers found that students who received VOA instruction and feedback learned surgical skills 2.6 times faster and achieved 36% better performance compared to those who received instruction and feedback from remote instructors. Surgical skill plays an important role in patient outcomes both during and after brain surgery. VOA may be an effective way to increase neurosurgeon performance, improving patient safety while reducing the burden on human instructors. "Artificially intelligent tutors like the VOA may become a valuable tool in the training of the next generation of neurosurgeons," says Rolando Del Maestro, senior author of the study in JAMA Network Open. "The VOA significantly improved expertise while fostering an excellent learning environment. Ongoing studies are assessing how in-person instructors and AI-powered intelligent tutors can most effectively be used together to improve the mastery of neurosurgical skills."
"Intelligent tutoring systems can use a variety of simulation platforms to provide almost unlimited chances for repetitive practice without the constraints imposed by the availability of supervision," says Ali Fazlollahi, the study's first author. "With continued research, increased development, and dissemination (宣传) of intelligent tutoring systems, we can be better prepared for ever-evolving future challenges."
48．What can we learn about VOA
A．It is a kind of Al-powered tutor.
B．It will gradually replace in-person instructors.
C．It definitely improves patients' safety and reduces their burden.
D．It has successfully helped students remove patients' brain tumor.
49．What's the author's attitude towards VOA
A．Critical. B．Ambiguous. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.
50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Ali Fazlollahi is the only author of the study.
B．Traditional tutoring systems need fewer observations.
C．Intelligent tutoring systems have largely been used in medical education.
D．Intelligent tutoring systems still need more time to develop and broadcast.
51．What's the best title for the text
A．AI Helps Medical Education
B．AI Develops Well in Medicine
C．AI Replaces Human Instructors
D．A New Study Improves People's Life
【答案】48．A
49．C
50．D
51．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种由人工智能驱导的医学导师，它可以指导医学科的学生们进行模拟脑瘤摘除手术，这比接受远程指导和反馈的学生学习手术技能的速度快了2.6倍，而且成绩提高了36%。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
48．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“An AI-powered tutor called the Virtual Operative Assistant (VOA) used a machine learning algorithm to teach safe and efficient surgical technique and provided personalized feedback ”一名名为虚拟手术助理(VOA)的人工智能导师使用机器学习算法教授安全高效的手术技术，并提供个性化反馈。可知，VOA这是一种由人工智能驱动的导师。故选A。
49．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The researchers found that students who received VOA instruction and feedback learned surgical skills 2.6 times faster and achieved 36% better performance compared to those who received instruction and feedback from remote instructors.”研究人员发现，与接受远程指导和反馈的学生相比，接受VOA指导和反馈的学生学习手术技能的速度快2.6倍，成绩提高了36%。介绍的研究成果；以及最后一段中的“With continued research, increased development, and dissemination (宣传) of intelligent tutoring systems, we can be better prepared for ever-evolving future challenges. ”随着智能辅导系统的持续研究、开发和传播，我们可以更好地应对未来不断变化的挑战。可推知，作者认为虚拟手术助理是有用的，他对VOA持支持的态度。故选C。
50．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“With continued research, increased development, and dissemination (宣传) of intelligent tutoring systems, we can be better prepared for ever-evolving future challenges.”随着智能辅导系统的持续研究、开发和传播，我们可以更好地应对未来不断变化的挑战。可推知，智能辅导系统还需要更多的时间来开发和推广，才能更好地应对未来不断变化的挑战。故选D。
51．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一种由人工智能驱导的医学导师，指导医学科的学生们进行模拟脑瘤摘除手术，这比接受远程指导和反馈的学生学习手术技能的速度快了2.6倍，成绩提高了36%，“人工智能助力医学教育”适合做文章标题。故选A。
D
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The climate change may lead humans to shrink in size. Steve Brusatte, a researcher at the University of Edinburgh, believed that the way that other mammals (哺乳动物) have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans' future. He compared the possible difficult situation of people to that of early horses. Those horses became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago.
In his book, Brusatte mentions that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas. "Becoming smaller was a common way that mammals deal with climate change." Brusatte told The Guardian, "That's not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures rise very quickly."
In a recent study, researchers studying human remains over the past million years have also suggested that temperature is a main predictor of body size change, while scientists studying red deer have said that warmer winters in northern Europe and Scandinavia may lead to the body size of these animals becoming smaller.
However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Adrian Lister, an expert from the Natural History Museum in London, said, "The relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak. I prefer to believe that the strong connections between temperature and mammal body size may often depend on the availability of food and resources."
Lister has also expressed doubts about the idea that humans will shrink as the climate heats. "We are not really controlled by natural selection," he said. "We wear clothes. We have got heating. We have got air conditioning if it is too hot."
52．What is Steve Brusatte's belief expressed in his book
A．Humans are responsible for climate change.
B．Humans and horses share similar qualities.
C．Animals are wiser than humans when responding to climate change.
D．Mammals may become smaller when experiencing warmer climate.
53．Which of the following might Steve agree with
A．Smaller-sized animals in warmer winters in northern Europe.
B．Smaller-sized animals in periods when it is hard to get food.
C．Bigger-sized animals in colder winters in areas of Scandinavia.
D．Bigger-sized animals in periods when it is hard to find shelter.
54．What can we infer from Adrian Lister's words
A．Natural selection doesn't have an effect on human beings.
B．Use of air conditioning contributes to humans becoming smaller.
C．Humans take measures to reduce the control of hot temperature.
D．Study about recent human remains differs from that in the distant past.
55．In which part of a newspaper can you probably find the text
A．History. B．Science. C．Education. D．Lifestyles.
【答案】52．D
53．A
54．C
55．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家Steve认为人类体型可能会因为气温升高而缩小，并提供了很多科学依据。但也有科学家不赞同，认为食物和资源才是影响动物体型的主要因素。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
52．考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段可知Steve在书中说道，证据表明气温高会导致哺乳动物体型缩小，故选D。
53．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ while scientists studying red deer have said that warmer winters in northern Europe and Scandinavia may lead to the body size of these animals becoming smaller. ”而研究马鹿的科学家则表示，北欧和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的冬季变暖可能会导致这些动物的体型变小。可知，在北欧和斯堪的纳维亚地区的暖冬，动物的体型偏小，这符合前文Steve的观点，故选A。
54．考查推理判断。根据最后两段可知，科学家Lister不赞同气温升高会导致人类体型缩小，一方面因为体型和食物资源的获得有关，另一方面，就算高温有影响，人类会采取措施应对高温，所以会减少其影响。故选C。
55．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了一种观点，即随着全球气温升高，人类的体型很可能会随之变小。当然，也有人对此观点持怀疑态度。可推知，本文可能出自科学栏目，故选B。
六、书面表达
56．假定你是李华，你的笔友Jack为了让父母感受中国春节的氛围，就如何装饰家里更有“年”味征求你的意见。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1）感谢喜欢中国年；
2）如何装饰(不少于两点)；
3）你的祝福。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文述贯。
【答案】Dear Jack,
Thanks so much for your affection for the Spring Festival! And I am too willing to offer you some advice on decorating your home.
To create the joyous atmosphere, you'd better integrate "red" into your decoration as it means "happiness". Firstly, paste the red couplets on the doors and affix the red paper-cuttings to the windows. Sticking the character of fu is also a custom. Besides, after the cleaning, you can hang up the red lanterns to illuminate the inside and outside of the house.
May you have a pleasant Chinese New Year and remember me to your parents!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文邮件，要求考生以李华的名义，用英文给你的笔友Jack写一封电子邮件， 就如何装饰家里更有“年”味征求你的意见 ，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）感谢喜欢中国年；2）如何装饰(不少于两点)；3）你的祝福。写这篇文章时，要注意文中给出的细节都要包括，不要遗漏。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力，需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇个固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：To create the joyous atmosphere, you'd better integrate "red" into your decoration as it means "happiness"运用了动词不定式作目的状语；Sticking the character of fu is also a custom运用了V-ing短语作主语，May you have a pleasant Chinese New Year and remember me to your parents!运用了表示祝愿的句型。
基础达标
能力提升
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冀教版必修一Unit5单元分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
Tu Youyou Nominated for The Greatest Person of the 20th Century
Chinese female chemist Tu Youyou was nominated for BBC Two's" Icons: The Greatest Person of the 20th Century" in the science category, together with three other great scientists—Marie Curie, Albert Einstein and Alan Turing.
Icons, launched on January 8, is an epic new history series 1． gives a description of great people from seven different fields of human achievements—leaders, explorers, scientists, entertainers, activists, sports stars, and artists & writers.
Tu Youyou, 88, is the only living nominee 2． (represent) the field of science as well as the only Asian face among the 28 nominees.
Tu is China's first female Nobel prize winner, credited with the discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), a new treatment 3． malaria (疟疾). Artemisinin-based combination treatments are now the best treatments recommended by the World Health Organization. Tu's significant breakthrough in tropical medicine is definitely 4． (pioneer), as the health of millions of people gets greatly 5． (improve) and many people's lives are thus saved.
"Not often in the history of clinical medicine 6． we celebrate a discovery that has eased the pain and sufferings of hundreds of millions of people and saved the lives of countless numbers of people, particularly children, in over 100 countries, "Stanford University professor Lucy Shapiro said 7． she was describing Tu's discovery.
8． her extraordinary work, Tu won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015, the top prize ever obtained by the Chinese medical community.
Tu said the discovery of artemisinin is a small step in the mankind's efforts in conquering malaria and a gift from traditional Chinese medicine to the world. Still, solid work 9． (require) in the research of profound mechanism of artemisinin-based medicine.
10． (influential) person of the 20th century will be announced live in a grand finale on February 5 following a final public vote.
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
根据句意，用所给词组的正确形式填空。
turn to, take part in, in ruins, make up one's mind,as a matter of fact, set up, go through
11．The police the whole building but didn't t find anything valuable.
12．—I'm afraid she won't come to help me as she promised.
—Don't worry. Nothing will change her mind if she has .
13．The strong earthquake left the city merely in several seconds.
14．He his own business after he graduated from university.
15．It goes without saying that social activities can broaden our horizons.
三、翻译
16．He is the eldest child in the family, so the belief that he should assume more responsibility (扎根) his mind.
17．How would you feel if moving to a new town meant (不了解……的情况) your friends （根据汉语提示完成句子）
18．It's not surprising that you're tired. (毕竟), you were up until three last night! （根据汉语提示完成句子）
19．Many young people came to Australia in the 19th century to (发财). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
20．The thief ran away before I (意识到) what had happened—my wallet was stolen. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
21．He gave the description without (参考) his notes. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
22．After fighting with and (恢复) a serious disease, Selena Gomez is sharing her struggle through her new song. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
23．无论我们在哪里旅行，减少负面影响都将有助于使许多子孙后代享受相同的景点成为可能。
Reducing the negative impact, we travel, will help make possible for many future generations to enjoy the same sites.
24．我敢保证你很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样子，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同。
I bet you'd love to know daily life is like up in space and how it _ (different) from that on the Earth.
25．她想不出儿童节该送孩子们什么礼物，这使她很焦虑。(连接代词/副词+不定式)
She couldn't think of for Children's Day, which made her anxious.
四、完形填空
Returning home from a fortnight's holiday, we noticed there had been a lot of rain in our area. As I was checking out some pole holes that my husband, Peter, had 26． , I noticed that they were a quarter 27． with rain. I was surprised to see that a little hedgehog (刺猬) had 28． into one of them.
I am still amazed that he did not 29． . Peter put some gloves on, reached in and pulled the 30． thing out. It was quite 31． in the evening so we put him on a 32． to keep warm and gave him some vegetables. The next morning when Peter went out to 33． the hedgehog, he was nowhere to be seen.
We didn't see him again until six months later. It was about 8 p. m. when I heard a (n) 34． sound and light knocking at the front door. I opened the door, and to my 35． , there was the hedgehog.
I had read somewhere that hedgehogs carry worms so I tried to 36． him out. I didn't want him to 37． on my carpet. The children, on the other hand, were quite 38． because the hedgehogs rolled up into a 39． when they touched him. After sticking around for a few minutes, he slipped off. I came to the 40． that he had come in to thank us for saving him.
26．A．dug B．found C．torn D．cut
27．A．low B．high C．wide D．full
28．A．slept B．swum C．fallen D．hidden
29．A．float B．drown C．escape D．fear
30．A．poor B．heavy C．dirty D．terrible
31．A．hot B．cold C．frightening D．comfortable
32．A．wood B．table C．blanket D．bag
33．A．pick up B．check on C．take out D．send away
34．A．unusual B．rude C．impossible D．sharp
35．A．confusion B．comfort C．surprise D．disappointment
36．A．carry B．lead C．show D．drive
37．A．lie B．walk C．jump D．stand
38．A．excited B．nervous C．calm D．concerned
39．A．pile B．box C．ball D．pole
40．A．condition B．argument C．question D．conclusion
五、阅读理解
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
City's icons celebrate milestones
Happy birthday to these big apple attractions
150TH
The Met isn't the only New York City institution celebrating an anniversary in 2020 - 2021.
130TH
April 2021 marks the 130th year of Carnegie Hall, the prestigious landmark that has delighted audiences with performers from around the world, including Frank Sinatra, the Beatles and Gustav Mahler.
125TH
Another NYC mainstay with a recent anniversary is the New York Public Library. Established in 1895, the main branch in midtown Manhattan, with its entrance famously flanked by lion statues named Patience and Fortitude, is a must-visit landmark that turned 125 in May 2020.
90TH
Almost a hundred years ago, competing skyscrapers shot into the atmosphere in a race to become the world's tallest building. At 1,046 feet, the Chrysler Building — which celebrated its 90th anniversary in May 2020 - was the first to hold the title, but only briefly.
90 TH
One year after the Chrysler Building was built, the Empire State Building was completed, topping off at 1,250 feet (or 1,454 if you count the antennae and spire) and remained the world's tallest building for a respectable 40 years. The iconic skyscraper — synonymous with the Big Apple itself — turns 90 in May 2021.
41．What is Carnegie Hall usually used for
A．Reading. B．Exhibition. C．Performance. D．Overlooking.
42．What do we know about the New York Public Library
A．It was founded in 1895.
B．April 2021 marks its 125th year.
C．It has become the world's tallest building.
D．It was completed after the Chrysler Building was built.
43．Which of the following wins a longer title of "the world's tallest building"
A．The Met. B．The Empire State Building.
C．The New York Public Library. D．The Chrysler Building.
B
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At eleven, I decided to learn to swim. There was a pool at the Y. M. C. A. offering exactly the opportunity. Mother continually warned against it, and kept fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the Y. M. C. A. pool was safe.
I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.
The pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, "Hi, Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked " With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly.
When I came to consciousness, I found myself lying on the bed in the hospital.
I never went back to the pool. I avoided water whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would return.
This went on until July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me "
I had conquered my fear of water.
44．The author's original fear of water was caused by__________.
A．his poor skill in swimming
B．his mother's warning of drowning
C．an outing to the beach with his father
D．an unpleasant memory of the pool
45．Why was the author not scared to death when he was thrown into the water
A．He knew how to swim in the pool.
B．He felt that the Y. M. C. A. pool was safe.
C．He was waiting for others to save him.
D．He came up with an idea to go upwards.
46．By "but I was not" in paragraph 5, the author probably means"
A．he was still a poor swimmer
B．he had not overcome the fear yet
C．he was not afraid of drowning any more
D．he was not satisfied with the swimming training
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Goodbye, Mr. Terror B．Hello, Childhood Fear
C．A Swimming Adventure D．My Passion for Swimming
C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The Neurosurgical Simulation (神经外科模拟) and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre hired 70 medical students to perform virtual brain tumor removals.
Researchers randomly assigned students to receive instruction and feedback by either an AI tutor or a remote expert instructor, with a third control group receiving no instruction. An AI-powered tutor called the Virtual Operative Assistant (VOA) used a machine learning algorithm to teach safe and efficient surgical technique and provided personalized feedback, while a deep learning system and a team of experts assessed student performance. In the other group, remote instructors watched a live feed of the surgical simulations and provided feedback based on the student's performance.
The researchers found that students who received VOA instruction and feedback learned surgical skills 2.6 times faster and achieved 36% better performance compared to those who received instruction and feedback from remote instructors. Surgical skill plays an important role in patient outcomes both during and after brain surgery. VOA may be an effective way to increase neurosurgeon performance, improving patient safety while reducing the burden on human instructors. "Artificially intelligent tutors like the VOA may become a valuable tool in the training of the next generation of neurosurgeons," says Rolando Del Maestro, senior author of the study in JAMA Network Open. "The VOA significantly improved expertise while fostering an excellent learning environment. Ongoing studies are assessing how in-person instructors and AI-powered intelligent tutors can most effectively be used together to improve the mastery of neurosurgical skills."
"Intelligent tutoring systems can use a variety of simulation platforms to provide almost unlimited chances for repetitive practice without the constraints imposed by the availability of supervision," says Ali Fazlollahi, the study's first author. "With continued research, increased development, and dissemination (宣传) of intelligent tutoring systems, we can be better prepared for ever-evolving future challenges."
48．What can we learn about VOA
A．It is a kind of Al-powered tutor.
B．It will gradually replace in-person instructors.
C．It definitely improves patients' safety and reduces their burden.
D．It has successfully helped students remove patients' brain tumor.
49．What's the author's attitude towards VOA
A．Critical. B．Ambiguous. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.
50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Ali Fazlollahi is the only author of the study.
B．Traditional tutoring systems need fewer observations.
C．Intelligent tutoring systems have largely been used in medical education.
D．Intelligent tutoring systems still need more time to develop and broadcast.
51．What's the best title for the text
A．AI Helps Medical Education
B．AI Develops Well in Medicine
C．AI Replaces Human Instructors
D．A New Study Improves People's Life
D
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The climate change may lead humans to shrink in size. Steve Brusatte, a researcher at the University of Edinburgh, believed that the way that other mammals (哺乳动物) have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans' future. He compared the possible difficult situation of people to that of early horses. Those horses became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago.
In his book, Brusatte mentions that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas. "Becoming smaller was a common way that mammals deal with climate change." Brusatte told The Guardian, "That's not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures rise very quickly."
In a recent study, researchers studying human remains over the past million years have also suggested that temperature is a main predictor of body size change, while scientists studying red deer have said that warmer winters in northern Europe and Scandinavia may lead to the body size of these animals becoming smaller.
However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Adrian Lister, an expert from the Natural History Museum in London, said, "The relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak. I prefer to believe that the strong connections between temperature and mammal body size may often depend on the availability of food and resources."
Lister has also expressed doubts about the idea that humans will shrink as the climate heats. "We are not really controlled by natural selection," he said. "We wear clothes. We have got heating. We have got air conditioning if it is too hot."
52．What is Steve Brusatte's belief expressed in his book
A．Humans are responsible for climate change.
B．Humans and horses share similar qualities.
C．Animals are wiser than humans when responding to climate change.
D．Mammals may become smaller when experiencing warmer climate.
53．Which of the following might Steve agree with
A．Smaller-sized animals in warmer winters in northern Europe.
B．Smaller-sized animals in periods when it is hard to get food.
C．Bigger-sized animals in colder winters in areas of Scandinavia.
D．Bigger-sized animals in periods when it is hard to find shelter.
54．What can we infer from Adrian Lister's words
A．Natural selection doesn't have an effect on human beings.
B．Use of air conditioning contributes to humans becoming smaller.
C．Humans take measures to reduce the control of hot temperature.
D．Study about recent human remains differs from that in the distant past.
55．In which part of a newspaper can you probably find the text
A．History. B．Science. C．Education. D．Lifestyles.
六、书面表达
56．假定你是李华，你的笔友Jack为了让父母感受中国春节的氛围，就如何装饰家里更有“年”味征求你的意见。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1）感谢喜欢中国年；
2）如何装饰(不少于两点)；
3）你的祝福。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文述贯。
基础达标
能力提升
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