课件35张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Grammar
被动语态(复习)和by +v. -ing的用法 【探究寻规】
用所给动词或短语的适当时态和语态完成句子。
1. Rice ________(grow) in many Asian and some European
countries.
2. Yuan Longping ______________(bring up) in China.
3. The new hybrid rice _________________(develop) by the
Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China. is grownwas brought uphas been developed【语法精点】
Ⅰ. 被动语态
一、基础点拨
1.被动语态的概念。
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
2.被动语态的构成。
被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成，动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 各种时态的被动语态的谓语动词形式如下： *A lot of books are kept in our school library.
我们学校图书馆有许多藏书。
*They were asked to speak at the meeting.
他们被邀请在会议上讲话。
*The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.
班会将会在下周六下午召开。
*They said the work would be finished the next day.
他们说这项工作第二天就能完成。
*A new library is being put up in their school now.
他们学校正在建新图书馆。 *The equipment was being examined at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时间正在检查设备。
*Many stamps have been collected by me since last year.
从去年开始我收集了许多邮票。
*She said this airport had never been used.
她说这个机场没有使用过。
*The project will have been completed before July.
七月份之前就会完成这项工程。
*He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
他告诉我他的新衣服将很快做好。 3. 被动语态的特殊结构形式。
(1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
*The question needn’t be discussed.
这个问题不必讨论。
*The classroom must be cleaned at once.
这个教室必须立即打扫。 (2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to。
*He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题。
*A new MP4 was given to him as a birthday present/gift.
他收到了一个新MP4作为生日礼物。 (3)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
We heard him sing in his room just now.
→He was heard to sing in his room just now.
刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。
(4)由动词短语形成的被动语态。有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，就可以形成被动语态。
*My sister is taken care of by grandma.
我姐姐由我奶奶照顾。【名师点津】相当于及物动词的动词词组，形成被动语态时要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例如：The meeting is to be put off till next Friday.
会议将被推迟到下周五。 二、难点突破
在下列情况中，谓语形式是主动的，但具有被动的含义。
(1)“系动词look, sound, feel, taste, smell, prove, appear+形容词”构成的系表结构，主动形式表示被动意义。
*The food tastes delicious.
这种食物尝起来很可口。
*The idea sounds good.
这个主意听起来不错。 (2) 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，常用主动表被动。常见的有：cut, lock, open, read, sell, shut, wash，wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物，而且这些动词常和表示行为的状语，如well, easily或与否定词连用构成否定句。
*The apples sell well.
这些苹果很好卖。
*The door won’t shut.
这门关不上。 (3)动词want, need, require, deserve后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意思，这时动名词和句中的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
*The room needs cleaning.
= The room needs to be cleaned.
这间房屋需要打扫。
(4)be worth doing sth. 动名词和句中的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
*The film is well worth seeing.
这部电影很值得一看。Ⅱ. by＋v. -ing的用法
by＋v. -ing表示“以某种方式进行”，引导的成分作为方式状语。
*I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep.
我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。
*Switch it on by pressing the button.
按下这个开关启动它
* You can get in touch with her by sending an e-mail.
你可以发电子邮件和她取得联系。 【高考体验】
掌握被动语态的答题技巧:
1. 判断主语与谓语之间的逻辑关系。
2. 注意动词是及物的，还是不及物的。
3. 要熟记没有被动语态形式的常见的动词。1. (2013·福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, ______to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited
C. have been invited D. has been invited
解题关键： 确定真正的主语为The famous musician，且与invite之间是被动关系。思路分析：选B。考查主谓一致。句意：这位著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上表演。as well as连接两个并列的名词作主语，谓语动词应和前面的名词一致，故排除A、C两项。本题只是陈述在过去的时间发生的事，故用一般过去时，由于the famous musician和invite之间是被动关系，故选B。
易错误区：学生易误选选项A。as well as, with, along with, together with等连接的两个名词短语作主语，谓语动词应和前面的名词一致，故排除A项。2. (2013·辽宁高考)We are confident that the environment ______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A. had been improved
B. will be improved
C. is improved
D. was improved
解题关键： 根据句意确定应该选用一般将来时，而且environment与improve之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
思路分析：选B。考查时态和语态。句意：通过在减少污染方面的进一步努力，我们相信环境将会有所改善。根据句意此处应用一般将来时且为被动语态，故选B。3. (2012·四川高考)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house______.
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
思路分析：选A。考查动词时态和语态。句意：他们现在和他们的父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，此处强调现在正在发生的动作，故应用现在进行时，且房子与重建之间为动宾关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动式。4. (2012·安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it______ .
A. was decorated
B. had decorated
C. had been decorating
D. was being decorated思路分析：选D。考查动词时态和语态。句意：放学后我们去阅览室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动词went可知，动作发生在过去，而装修正在进行，故需要使用过去进行时；it指代the reading-room，与动词decorate是动宾关系，故需要使用被动语态，所以应该使用过去进行时的被动语态，故选D项。 Ⅰ. 句型转换
把下列句子改为被动结构。
1. Can they fulfill the plan in time?
→____ the plan __________in time?
2. They often made fun of her in school.
→She was often ___________in school.
3. We are going to develop the city into an industrial centre.
→The city _____________________into an industrial centre. Canbe fulfilledmade fun ofis going to be developed4. The boss made them work fourteen hours a day.
→They _________________fourteen hours a day.
5. We elected him our monitor.
→He __________our monitor by us. were made to workwas electedⅡ. 单项填空
1. (2013·望江高一检测)I hope her health ______greatly by the time we come back next year.
A. improves B. improved
C. will be improved D. will have improved
【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意：我希望等我们明年回来的时候，她的健康状况已经好转。根据时间状语by the time we come back next year可知主句谓语应该用将来完成时。improve表示“好转”时，为不及物动词。2. (2013·建瓯高一检测)A new cinema ______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意：这里正在修建一家新的电影院，他们希望下个月竣工。主语cinema与谓语build之间是被动关系；根据finish it next month“下个月竣工”可知电影院正在建造中，故应该选现在进行时的被动语态形式。3. The way the guests ______ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
A. treated B. were treated
C. would treat D. would be treated
【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。由句意可知treat的动作与influenced的动作具有同时性，故用一般过去时。客人是“被对待”，故用被动语态。4. His sister left home in 1998,and ______ ever since.
A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of D. has not heard of
【解析】选B。考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他妹妹于1998年离开了家，之后再也没有听到她的消息。根据时间状语ever since可知，应该使用现在完成时；句子的主语His sister与谓语hear of之间是动宾关系，故应该使用被动语态，故选择B项。5. The woman told the workers that her house ______ .
A. required to paint B. required painting
C. requires paint D. requires being painted
【解析】选B。考查动词require后动词的形式。句意：那位女士告诉工人们她的房子需要粉刷。require意为“需要，要求”，其后应该使用v. -ing形式表示被动含义或to be done结构，故选择B项。6. —What’s that noise?
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.
A. was tested B. will be tested
C. is being tested D. has been tested
【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。根据一对一的问答可知，“机器正在被检测”，故选C。7. (2013·济宁高一检测)Every possible means______ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still gray.
A. is used B. are used
C. has been used D. have been used
【解析】选C。考查被动语态和主谓一致。means是单复数同形的名词，此处被every修饰，应该按单数对待。根据后句天空依旧是灰白的，用的是一般现在时，所以前句应是“已经用了每一种可能的方法”，故选用现在完成时。8. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ______ to the well-educated.
A. belongs B. is belonged
C. is belonging D. will be belonged
【解析】选A。考查belong的用法及被动语态。句意：威廉姆斯教授一直告诫他的学生们说未来是属于受过良好教育的人。belong to属于，此词组在使用时要注意，不能用进行时态，也不能用被动语态。故排除B、C、D项。9. She will stop showing off if no notice ______ of her.
A. is taken B. takes
C. will be taken D. has taken
【解析】选A。考查被动语态。take notice of意为“注意”， notice与take之间是被动关系，B、D两项是主动结构，可排除。从时态上看，主句是将来时，从句应用现在时，因此可排除C项，故选A。10. Miss Johnson is an able writer，whose first novel ______ when she was still at college.
A. is published B. was published
C. has been published D. had published
【解析】选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：约翰逊小姐是一位很有才能的作家，她在上大学时就出版了第一部小说。根据句中的时间状语when she was still at college可知用一般过去时，novel应是被出版，故用被动语态。 课件90张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Integrating SkillsⅠ. 单词拼写
1．I’m busy now. Please make a _____(简短的)speech.
2. He was _________(诊断)with cancer so he was filled with
despair.
3. It is reported that the terrorists ________(爆炸) a bomb in
a store, causing five deaths and twenty injuries.
4．All the _______ (受害者)of the floods were well cared for by
the local governments. briefdiagnosedexplodedvictims5．No one can ______ (逃避)being punished if he breaks the
law.
6. ________ (个人的) cleanliness is important to health as well
as to appearance.
7. Go _______(径直地)along this road and turn left at the
traffic lights.
8. A _________(畅销书)is a popular product, especially a book,
which many people buy. escapePersonalstraightbest-sellerⅡ. 词汇拓展
1. diagnose (vt. )诊断→________ (n. )诊断；判断
2. ________ (adj. )聪颖的；才华横溢的→brilliantly (adv. )聪颖
地；灿烂地→ brilliance (n. )才华；鲜艳
3. brief (adj. )简短的；简洁的→______ (adv. )短暂地；简洁
地，简要地
4. ______(adv. )部分地；在一定程度上→part (n. )部分
5. physical (adj. )身体的→_________ (adv. )身体上地diagnosisbrilliantbrieflypartlyphysically6. graduate (vi. )毕业→__________ (n. )毕业
7. personal (adj. )个人的→_________ (adv. )在自己看来
8. explosion (n. )爆炸→_______ (v. )爆炸graduationpersonallyexplodeⅢ．短语互译
1. ____________ 因……而出名/闻名
2. _______________ 谋生
3. _____________ 掌权
4. _____________ 与……作战
5. ________________ 被诊断出，患有
6. by accident _____
7. well done _______
8. be attached to _____________
9. instead of _____
10. be used for ___________be known forearn one’s livingcome to powerbe at war withbe diagnosed with偶然做得好被绑在……上代替被用来……Ⅳ. 完成句子
1. 就斯蒂芬·霍金的情况而言，人们认为他是一位杰出的科学
家。
In Stephen Hawking’s case _______________that he was a
brilliant scientist. (It be+过去分词+ that )
2. 带火药的竹筒被绑在长长的箭杆上，以帮助使火箭直线运
行。
The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped ________
_____________in a straight direction.
(keep+复合宾语结构)it was discoveredkeep therocket moving3. 不久蒙古人学会了自己如何制造火箭，并且可能由此把它
们介绍到了欧洲。
Soon the Mongols learned ___________rockets themselves
and _______________they introduced them to Europe. (how
to do 结构作宾语和it is possible that 从句)
4. 但是并非所有的人都想在战争中使用火箭。
But ________________________________in battles. (部分否定)
5. 或者他被带到数英里外的太空,成为世界上第一个宇航员？
Or was he carried miles into space, _______________________
_________? (v. -ing短语作结果状语) how to makeit is possible thatnot everybody wanted to use rocketsbecoming the world’s firstastronaut1. brief adj. 简短的;简洁的;短暂的
【语境领悟】
①His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best-seller.
他的书《时间简史》于1988年出版, 而且现在还是畅销书。
②His remarks were brief and to the point.
他的话简洁, 而且说到了点子上。【归纳拓展】
(1)in brief 简单地说
to be brief 简单地说,一句话(用作插入语)
(2)类似的表达: in short
in a word
in a nutshell
③In brief, we should invest heavily in digital system.
简而言之,我们应该对数字化系统大量投资。【易混辨析】 【即学活用】
He stood up and made a ______speech, short but to the point.
A. simple B. brief C. easy D. dull
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他站起来,进行了简短的演讲，简洁但切题。根据句中的short but to the point可知应用 brief表示“简短的”。 2. graduate vi. 毕业
【语境领悟】
①He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University.
他于1942年出生在牛津，后来毕业于牛津大学。
②They graduated from high school last year.
他们去年高中毕业。
③He graduated in law from Beijing University.
他毕业于北京大学法律系。【归纳拓展】
(1)graduate from 从某所学校毕业
graduate in 毕业于(某专业)
(2)graduate n. 毕业生
graduation n. 毕业
④He’s a graduate of Harvard in medicine.
他是哈佛大学的医学毕业生。
⑤After graduation from college，he devotes himself to scientific research.
大学毕业后，他致力于科学研究事业。 【即学活用】
(2011·辽宁高考)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _______ from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated
C. had been graduating D. had graduated
【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。句意：杰克从英国回国的时候，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。by +过去时间作时间状语，主句要用过去完成时；by+将来时间作状语，主句要用将来完成时will have done。故选D。3. escape vi. 逃跑；逃避
【语境领悟】
①The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
中国人发现从竹筒里漏出的气体可以使其飞向空中。
②There’s gas escaping somewhere. Can you smell it?
有什么地方漏煤气了, 你闻到了吗？
③The dog escaped from the back window of the bus.
狗从公共汽车的后窗逃走了。【归纳拓展】
(1)escape from /out of. . . 从……漏出(溢出)；
从……逃跑
escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事
escape one’s attention /notice 逃过某人的注意，
被某人忽视
(2) escape n. 逃跑;逃脱;逃避
have a narrow escape 九死一生
make one’s escape 逃跑④He escaped being killed by lying down.
他因为躺下了所以没有被杀害。
⑤His name escaped me for the moment.
我一时想不起他的名字来了。 【即学活用】英译汉。
①It was reported that five prisoners escaped from prison
yesterday.
_________________________________
②Computer games offer him an escape from the reality.
_________________________据报道，昨天有五名罪犯越狱逃跑。网络游戏帮助他逃避现实。③Henry escaped ______by admitting his mistake.
A. being punished B. having been punished
C. having punished D. punishing
【解析】选A。考查动词escape的用法。句意：亨利承认了错误，没有受到惩罚。escape doing sth. 意为“逃避/避免做某事”。Henry与punish之间是被动关系，故用被动形式。 4. clear vi. (烟雾)消散
【语境领悟】
①When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
烟雾消散后，万虎和他的椅子已消失得无影无踪了。
②It was a fine day once the mist had cleared.
雾消散后是个晴天。【归纳拓展】
(1)clear v. 使清楚，扫清；变清澈；
(天)变晴
clear away 把……收拾走，清除掉
clear up (天气)转晴
clear sth. up 整理，使……整洁
(2)clear adj. 清澈的；清晰的；畅通的
make. . . clear 清楚表明，讲清楚③They cleared up the misunderstanding and made up.
他们消除误会和好了。
④To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.
不借助面部表情就能清楚地表达自己的观点会很难。【易混辨析】【即学活用】The mystery was ______ when he admitted he had been there all the time.
A. cleared off B. cleared away
C. cleared up D. cleared out
【解析】选C。考查动词词组。clear off“离开”；clear away“散去；消失；(烟、雾等)消散”；clear up“把……弄清楚;澄清”；clear out“清除;整理”。由此可知C项符合题意。5. be known for因……而出名/闻名
【语境领悟】
①What is Einstein known for?
爱因斯坦因什么而出名？
②He is internationally known for his novels.
他因他的小说而世界闻名。【易混辨析】
③She was well-known as an excellent singer.
她作为一名出色的歌手而出名。【即学活用】用for，as，to填空。
①Lu Xun is well known __ a fighter as well as a writer.
②Hangzhou is known ___ the West Lake.
③As is known __ us all, China is becoming stronger and
stronger. asforto6. come to power掌权
【语境领悟】
①Albert Einstein left Germany and went to work in the US when Hitler came to power.
当希特勒上台后,爱因斯坦离开德国到美国工作。
②Do you know when the first Chinese empress came to power?
你知道中国第一位女皇帝什么时候开始执政的吗？【归纳拓展】
in power 当权的，掌权的
beyond one’s power 不能胜任，力所不能及
in /within one’s power 有能力；力所能及
put. . . . into power 使…… 执政/上台
③The situation is beyond our power to control.
这种情形是我们所不能控制的。【名师点津】 be in power“当权的，掌权的”，指状态；come to/into power指动作。
④The government has been in power (执政)for two years.
⑤A newly-elected party came to /into power(执政)last year. 【即学活用】What political party ______in France now?
A. came to power B. comes into power
C. is in power D. was put into power
【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意：现在法国什么党派在执政？所以应用一般现在时态表示目前的状态，come into power“上台，执政”为短暂性动词短语，be in power“掌权，执政”表状态。 7. In Stephen Hawking’s case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist. 就斯蒂芬·霍金的情况而言，人们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。
【句式分析】
(1)It is discovered that. . . 是常见句式，意为“据发现……”。
(2)该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。that不可以省略。(3)下列两种句型可以互换。
It +be+过去分词+that
=Sb. /Sth. + be+过去分词+不定式
①It is estimated that 300 people will attend the meeting.
据估计有300人要参加这个会议。
②It is agreed that the meeting would be held next Sunday.
大家一致同意会议将于下周日举行。
③It is said that they have got to the village.
据说他们已经到了那个村子。【想一想】
It is discovered that. . . “人们发现……”。属于“It is/was+过去分词+that”结构，你还知道常见的类似结构吗？【参考答案】It is/was+过去分词+that
It is said that. . . 据说……
It is reported that. . . 据报道……
It is believed that. . . 人们相信……
It is known that. . . 众所周知……
It is supposed that. . . 大家推测……
It is thought that. . . 大家认为……
It is considered that. . . 人们认为……
It is suggested that. . . 人们建议……【即学活用】完成句子。
①_____________(人们希望)the wounded policeman will come
to himself at once.
②________________(据报道)over 90% of what we worry never
happens.
③____________(据说) more than 1. 5 million of America’s
children are home schooled. It is hoped thatIt is reported thatIt is said that8. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
带火药的竹筒被绑在长长的箭杆上，以帮助使火箭直线运行。
【句式分析】
(1)which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction是定语从句，修饰先行词stick。
(2)keep sb. /sth. doing sth. 使……一直做某事
①I’m very sorry to keep you waiting.
对不起，让你久等了。
②Don’t keep the water running all the time. Turn it off.
不要让水老是不停地流，把它关上。【归纳拓展】
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(强调动作的延续)
keep on doing sth. 反复做某事(强调动作的反复)
③I wish you wouldn’t keep on interrupting me.
希望你别老打断我。
④The church bells keep me from sleeping.
教堂的钟声使我不能入睡。 【即学活用】He kept the light in his room ______the whole night.
A. burnt B. burning C. burn D. to burn
【解析】选B。句意：他让他房间里的灯亮了一整夜。keep sth. doing 使某动作持续进行。 9. Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world’s first astronaut?或者他被带到数英里外的太空,成为世界上第一个宇航员？
【句式分析】
(1)句中的becoming the world’s first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。
(2)句子的主语与分词表示的动作存在逻辑上的主谓关系，选用现在分词短语。如果存在逻辑上的动宾关系则选用过去分词。(3)现在分词短语作状语常表示一种自然结果或意料之中的结果。
①He beat all the other players, winning the first award.
他击败了所有其他的选手,获得了一等奖。
②The fire lasted nearly a week, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一周,没剩下什么值钱的东西。
③Tom met an old friend in the street, thus causing the delay.
汤姆在街上偶然遇到一位老朋友，因而(把时间给)耽误了。 【即学活用】(2013·湖南高考)The sun began to rise in the sky, ______the mountain in golden light.
A. bathed B. bathing
C. to have bathed D. have bathed
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：天空中太阳开始升起，使山脉沐浴在金色的阳光中。The sun与 bathe构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用v. -ing形式作状语。bathe沐浴，使沐浴。 1. diagnose vt. 诊断
【语境领悟】
①In the 1960s he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease.
20世纪60年代他被诊断出患了神经机能疾病。
【归纳拓展】
be diagnosed as/with 被诊断有……病
diagnosis n．诊断；判断(复数形式：diagnoses)
②The doctor diagnosed my illness as a rare bone disease.
医生诊断出我的病是一种罕见的骨病。 【即学活用】完成句子。
①I _________________measles.
我被诊断出麻疹。
②An exact ________ can only be made by a blood sample.
只有通过血样才能做出准确的诊断。was diagnosed withdiagnosis2. straight adj. 直的； 连续的；
adv. 直地； 直接地； 坦率地;连续地
【语境领悟】
①The road to success is not straight. It needs your hard work. 成功的道路不是笔直的，需要你付出艰辛的努力。
②This dessert can be served straight from the refrigerator. 这甜点从冰箱里拿出后即可食用。
③Stand straight and stretch the left hand to the right foot.
站直身体，伸左手够右脚。 【即学活用】
His leg has been injured in an accident and now he can’t walk______ .
A. straight B. straightly C. steady D. direct
【解析】选A。句意：他的腿在一次事故中受过伤，现在走路都走不直了。句中需要使用副词形式修饰动词walk，A项为副词，符合题意；C项和D项是形容词，分别意为“稳步的”、“直接的”，不符合题意；B项在英语中没有此副词形式。 3. earn one’s living 谋生
【语境领悟】
①Albert Einstein got a job in an office to earn his living. 爱因斯坦在一家办公室里找到了一份工作来谋生。
【归纳拓展】
(1)下列短语都可以表示“谋生”：
earn a living
make a living
make one’s living
(2)do sth. for a living 做……以维持生计 ②He made his living by selling newspapers.
他靠卖报纸谋生。
③It’s hard to make a living as a musician.
作为一名音乐家谋生很困难。 【即学活用】
①他靠教书为生。(汉译英)
_________________________________________
②The way he thought of ______a living is to work for them.
A. make B. making C. to make D．made
【解析】选C。考查固定结构。句意：他想起来的谋生的方法是为他们工作。定语从句he thought of修饰先行词the way,横线上所填部分与a living一起作为定语修饰the way，构成the way to do sth做某事的方式，故C项正确。He earned his living/ made a living by teaching.4. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.
不久蒙古人学会了自己如何制造火箭，并且可能由此把它们介绍到了欧洲。
【句式分析】
(1)how to make rockets是“疑问句＋动词不定式”作宾语。这一结构，除作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语。(2)It is possible that. . . 可能……。it作形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。
①I don’t know what to do now.
我不知道现在该做什么。
②When and where to build the factory hasn’t been decided yet.
何时何地建这个工厂还没有决定。
③The question is how to start it.
问题是这件事该怎么开始呢。
④It is possible that there is life elsewhere in the universe. 宇宙中的某个其他地方可能还有生命存在。 【即学活用】
①他有可能迟到。(一句多译)
____________________________
___________________________
___________________It is possible that he will be late.It is possible for him to be late.He is likely to be late.②—It’s no use having ideas only.
—Don’t worry. Peter can show you ______to turn an idea into an act.
A. how B. who C. what D. where
【解析】选A。考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，句意： ——只有想法没用。——不要担心，彼得会教给你怎样把想法变为行动。根据句意，A项正确。
Ⅰ. 完成句子
1. 被称为“泉城”的济南因它的72泉而为我们所熟知。
Ji’nan __________us __“Springs City” ___ its 72 springs.
2. 如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。
If the weather ________, we can go out for a walk.
3. 由于碰上了交通堵塞，所以他们耽搁了。
They were caught in the traffic jam, thus _______________. is known toasforclears upcausing the delay4. 画家靠画画谋生,而教师以教学为生。
Painters ______________by painting while teachers by
teaching.
5. 这个政党一执政就采取了许多强硬措施制止污染。
The party took some strong measures to prevent pollution
after ________________.
6. 并非所有的朋友都能同甘共苦。
_____________can share in sorrows as well as joys. earn their livingcoming into powerNot all friends7. 这只鸟很幸运没有被抓住。
The bird was lucky and ___________________.
8. 直着往前走，你会找到那个地方的。
________________and you’ll find that place.Go straight aheadescaped being caughtⅡ. 单项填空
1. (2013·福州高一检测)The friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Smith without hurting the feelings of______, but failed.
A. none B. either C. all D. neither
【解析】选B。考查全部否定。not either构成两者之间的全部否定。句意：朋友们试图在不伤害双方感情的情况下，解决史密斯先生和史密斯太太之间的争吵，但是失败了。2. (2013·建瓯高一检测)Many people trust Jack and think highly of him, but ______,I think he is actually dishonest.
A. personally B. generally
C. especially D. specially
【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。许多人信任杰克，给他以高度评价，但是就我个人而言，我认为实际上他并不诚实。personally 就个人来说；generally一般情况下； especially尤其；specially特别地。3. (2013·望江高一检测)Nature has provided with endless natural treasures, ______the land a happy home for the local people.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
【解析】选A。考查现在分词作状语。句意：大自然提供了无尽的天然宝藏，使得此地成为当地人的幸福家园。句中making the land. . . 为非谓语动词短语作结果状语，且动词make与前面所表达的含义为主动关系，故选择现在分词短语作状语。【知识拓展】是“自然而然”还是“出乎意料”
不定式充当结果状语,往往指意料之外的或偶然的结果。有时为了强调，可以在不定式短语前加only。
作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby(因而、因此)。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起了石头,结果砸了自己的脚。I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到达商店却发现钱全落在家里了。
His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve.
他一反对反而坚定了我们的决心。
She ran to the station only to find that the train had left.
她跑到火车站，但却发现火车开走了。
He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.
他立刻切断了电源，阻止了一次事故。4. In the great fire, he was lucky to escape______.
A. to be killing B. killing
C. killed D. being killed
【解析】选D。句意：在这次大火中，他幸运地逃过了一劫。escape作“逃脱”时，后跟doing；又由于kill与主语he之间为被动关系，故选D。5. Mr. Wang has written some short plays, but he is better known ______his paintings.
A. for B. as C. to D. with
【解析】选A。be known for以……而出名,为固定搭配。be known as作为……而出名,as后常接表示职业的名词。【变式训练】
Madam Curie was known ______a great scientist ______her discovery of radium.
A. to; by B. for; as C. as; for D. by; to
【解析】选C。考查介词。句意：居里夫人作为一名伟大的科学家因为发现了镭而闻名。be known as. . . 作为……而著称；be known for. . . 因为……而出名。6. It has been snowing for several days. I hope it______.
A. to be cleaned up B. to clean up
C. will clear up D. will clean up
【解析】选C。hope后面不能跟不定式作宾语补足语，排除A、B；clear up在此处表示“(天)放晴”，符合题意。clean up“清理掉”。【变式训练】
Let’s hope the rainy weather______ for Saturday’s tennis match.
A. keeps up B. picks up
C. closes up D. clears up
【解析】选D。考查动词短语。句意：希望雨天的天气快快放晴，好让我们周六举办网球比赛。A项意为“保持，持续”；B项意为“拿起，捡起”；C项意为“停业,关闭”；D项意为“(天气)放晴”。根据句意和词义选择D项。7. You are old enough to ______your own living.
A. win B. gain C. take D. earn
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析，句意：你年纪足够大能自己谋生了。win赢得；gain获得；take带走；earn/make one’s living谋生，构成固定短语。8. —Is my work OK?
—______You are always doing a good job.
A. Well done! B. Never mind.
C. It depends. D. Good luck!
【解析】选A。问句句意为“我的工作还行吗？”根据答语后句“你总是干得很出色！”可知是对对方所做工作表示肯定和鼓励，故选A。well done“干得不错”；never mind“不介意”；it depends“视情况而定”；good luck“祝你好运”。9. It has been two years since this party ______. Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
A. has been in power B. has come to power
C. took office D. came to power
【解析】选D。come to power“掌权，执政”，为短暂性动词短语，因第一个句子中的主句用了现在完成时，由since引导的从句往往用一般过去时，故D项符合。10. We will have studied English for seven years by the time we ______from senior high school.
A. will graduate B. are graduated
C. will be graduated D. graduate
【解析】选D。考查由by the time引导的时间状语从句。如果主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。11. The direction ______which the president would go was kept secret ______safety concern.
A. for; over B. from; about
C. in; for D. at; as
【解析】选C。句意：为了安全起见，总统的去向需保守秘密。第一个空要用in，构成in the direction搭配。第二个是目的状语，for safety concern为了安全的问题。12. We volunteered to collect money to help the ______of the flood.
A. victims B. folks C. fellows D. villagers
【解析】选A。句意：我们自愿捐款帮助洪水中的受害者。victim受害者，符合题意。folk人们，亲属；fellow同伴；villager村民。13. Time was too limited so the host could only give a______ introduction to the high-tech exhibits.
A. slight B. main C. formal D. brief
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：时间很有限，所以主办者只能对那些高科技展品作简短的介绍。A项意为“轻微的，稍微的”，表示程度；B项意为“主要的，大部分的”；C项意为“正式的”；D项意为“简短的，简洁的”。根据句意和词义选择D项。14. It is often ______that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said
【解析】选A。句意：据说，人天生具有语言能力。“It is/was+过去分词+ that”是固定句式。15. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run B. run
C. to run D. running
【解析】选D。句意：他们利用计算机保持交通通畅。keep sth. doing 使某动作持续进行。 人物传记
【互动导学】
◎学生：什么是人物传记？
◎老师：传记是记载人物生平事迹的一种文体。传或小传是记叙他人生平的文章；自传是自述生平的文章。
◎学生：人物传记的内容包含哪几部分呢？
◎老师：人物传记一般包含三部分内容：人物概括介绍——主要事迹——总体评价。
◎学生：人物传记通常按照什么顺序写呢？ ◎老师：一般按时间顺序来写。
◎学生：写人物传记需要注意什么？
◎老师：语言要不饰美，不隐恶，实事求是。【典题示例】
根据提示信息，写一篇Steve Jobs(史蒂夫·乔布斯)的人物传记，100个词左右。
姓名：史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)。
出生日期：1955年2月24日。
主要经历：
(1)1976年，成立苹果公司(Apple Inc)；
(2)1985年，乔布斯离开苹果公司；
(3)1997年，回到苹果公司担任行政总裁(CEO)职位； (4)2011年8月24日，辞去苹果公司行政总裁职务;
(5)2011年10月5日逝世。
主要成就：乔布斯被视作iPad、iPhone等知名电子产品的缔造者，这些电子产品改变了现代通讯、娱乐乃至人们的生活方式。【审题谋篇】记叙文人物传记一般过去式为主第三人称【词句推敲】
1. 词汇：
①出生于： _____________
②担任： _______________
③在……岁时： ___________
④电子产品： ______________
⑤通讯： ______________
⑥娱乐： _____________ be born on / inserve as /work asat the age ofdigital productscommunicationentertainment 2. 句式：
(1) 一句多译。
①在2011年，他宣布不再担任(苹果公司)行政总裁职务。
In 2011, he ________ he would _________serve as the CEO.
In 2011, he ________ he would ___ serve as the CEO __________.
In 2011, he ____________that he would _________serve as the
CEO. declaredno longerdeclarednotany longermade it clearno longer②史蒂夫·乔布斯被视作iPad、iPhone等知名电子产品的缔造
者。
Steve Jobs ____________the founder of iPad, iPhone and
some other famous digital products.
Steve Jobs _____________the founder of iPad, iPhone and
some other famous digital products. is regarded asis thought of as(2)不同层次句式表达法。
①In 1976, he was 21 years old.
At that time he set up Apple Inc. (用状语从句合并句子)
_______________________________________________
②In 1985，Steve Jobs left Apple Inc.
In 1997 he returned.
He served as the CEO of Apple Inc. (合并成一个句子)
Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 ___________________, in
1997 he ____________________the CEO of Apple Inc. In 1976, when he was 21 years old, he set up Apple Inc.and twelve years laterreturned and served as③These products have changed the way of modern
communication. They changed the way of entertainment, and
the way of the lifestyle of people. (用并列成分简化句子)
These products have changed ________________
___________________________________the lifestyle of people. the way of moderncommunication and entertainment, even【妙笔成篇】
Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955. In 1976, when he was 21 years old, he set up Apple Inc. Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 and twelve years later, in 1997 he returned and served as the CEO of Apple Inc. In 2011, he declared he would no longer serve as the CEO. On 5th, October, 2011, he died at the age of 56. Steve Jobs is regarded as the founder of iPad, iPhone and some other famous digital products. These products have changed the way of modern communication and entertainment, even the lifestyle of people. 课件94张PPT。 Module 4 Great Scientists
Introduction ＆ Reading and Vocabulary Ⅰ. 速记单词
1. 音意记忆。
(1) ______ (adj. )主要的；重要的
(2) ______ (n. )人物
(3) _______ (vt. ) 出版
(4) ____________ (n. ) 突破
(5) _______ (vt. )取代，以……代替
(6) ________ (n. )数量
(7) _______ (n. )质量staplefigurepublishbreakthroughreplacequantityquality2. 形意记忆。
(1)producer(n. )生产者→ ________ (v. )生产→ __________ (n. )
产量
(2)leading(adj. )主要的→____ (v. )带领；率领
(3)_______ (vt. )教育→education (n. )教育
(4)__________(n. )农业→agricultural (adj. )农业的
(5)_______ (adj. )原来的；最初的→originally (adv. )最初，原
先→______ (n. )起源，开端；出身，血统produceproductionleadeducateagricultureoriginalorigin(6)________(vt. )支持→supporter (n. )支持者
(7)_______ (vt. )改变；转换→conversion (n. )转变；转换
(8)______ (vt. )出口→import (vt. )进口support convertexportⅡ. 短语互译
1. bring up _______________________
2. convert to/into _______
3. search for ___________
4. 赚钱，带进，进入 _______
5. 由于……的结果 ___________
6. 用……实验 ______________
7. 增加了 ______
8. 对……感兴趣 ______________培养，养育；呕吐；提出转变为搜寻，寻找bring inas a result ofexperiment withrise bybe interested inⅢ．完成句子
1. 他认为解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并
且能更快地生产出来。
He thought that ________________people was to have more
rice and to produce it more quickly.
( the key to doing sth. 做某事的关键 )the key to feeding2. 他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的
水稻，然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原
先的任何一种产量更高。
He thought there was only one way ________—__________
different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a
new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the
original plants. (a way to do sth. /of doing sth. 做……的方法/
方式； by doing sth. 通过做某事)to do thisby crossing3. 它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他水稻的产量都要高很多。
Its yield is ________________the yield of other types of rice
grown in Pakistan. (much修饰比较级)
4．世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。
_________________________regularly eat rice.
(分数修饰的名词作主语)much greater than2/3 of the world’s populationⅣ．语篇填空
根据对文章的理解，试着将下面表格补充完整。(所填词数不限) was educatedan early ageagriculturea young teacherwerepublishedwasdiscoveredrose byother cash cropswas exported to50【读而后思】
What should we learn from Yuan Longping?
_________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
________________________Yuan Longping is a person who likes to ask questions. Byasking questions he has learned a lot, which helps him muchin becoming a great scientist. Also he is devoted to what he isinterested in and has made great contributions to Chineseagriculture, even the world.1. figure n. 人物
【语境领悟】
①In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国的科学家袁隆平是一位领军人物。
②The central figure in the painting is the artist’s daughter.
画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。
③I could see a tall figure near the door.
我可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。【归纳拓展】
(1)figure n. 数字；人物；体态，身材；
图(形)；(雕塑或画出的)形象
vt. 计算；想象，认为
(2) figure out 计算出;想出;弄明白
(3)keep one’s figure 保持体态苗条
④Can you figure out how to do it?
你能想出怎么做吗？ 【巧学助记】
小图细品figure
【即学活用】写出句中figure的意思。
①Tom is an important figure in the small town. ( )
②The figure on Page 15 shows the changing of the rainfall in
this area. ( )
③I will exercise more to keep my figure. ( )
④Add all the figures, and you’ll get a larger one. ( )
⑤I saw a lonely figure on the beach. ( )
⑥We must figure out how to solve the problem. ( ) 人物图表身材，体型数字身影弄明白2. support v. 支持；支撑；养活，赡养
n. 支撑物;支持
【语境领悟】
①The research was supported by the government.
研究得到了政府的支持。
②The bridge is strong enough to support heavy trucks.
这座桥经得起重型卡车通过。 【归纳拓展】
(1)support sb. in sth. 在……方面支持某人
support one’s family 养活家人
support one’s opinion 支持某人的观点
(2)in support of sb. /sth. 支援某人/某事
supporter n. 支持者；抚养者；支撑物
③Thank you for your support at the difficult time.
感谢你在我困难之时对我的支持。
④A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory.
科学家必须提供证据以支持其理论。【即学活用】英译汉。
①That bench won’t support four people.
________________________
②I will support myself after graduation from college.
_________________________
③Mr. Wang spoke in support of the proposal.
_________________________那张长椅承受不了4个人。我大学毕业后要自食其力。王先生发言支持该项提议。④(2013·济宁高一检测)As a laid-off worker, it is hard for her father to ________ the family, let alone send his children to key schools.
A．bring up B．raise C．support D．supply
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名下岗工人，她父亲养家很难，更别说供孩子上重点学校了。bring up 和 raise都有“喂养，养育”的意思，后跟人作宾语；support a family 养家糊口，符合句意；supply供应，提供。根据句意选C。 3. convert v．改变；转换
【语境领悟】
①50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
5万平方千米的稻田被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。
②I want to convert some RMB into US dollars.
我想把一些人民币换成美元。【归纳拓展】
(1)convert (sth. ) to /into sth. 把……转变成
convert sb. from. . . to 把某人由……改变为……
convert to Christianity 改信基督教
(2)conversion n．转变，变换
③She succeeded in converting me to her point of view.
她成功地让我认同了她的观点。
④Using this software, you can convert the sound file to an MP3 file.
使用这个软件，你可将该声音文件转化成MP3格式的文件。【即学活用】根据提示完成下列句子。
①The solar cell can _______ the energy of sunlight ____ electric
energy.
太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
②All the bank bill _________________cash.
所有的银行票据都兑换成了现金。 convertintowas converted into4. replace vt. 取代，以……代替；放回原处
【语境领悟】
①The new rice replaced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.
新品种水稻代替了5万平方千米的蔬菜。
②Can anything replace a mother’s love?
有什么东西能代替母爱吗？【归纳拓展】
(1)replace sb. /sth. 取代某人/某物
replace sb. /sth. with sb. /sth. 用……替换……
replace sth. +介词或副词 把某物放回……
(2)同义短语：
in place of sb. /sth.
= in sb. ’s/sth. ’s place
=take the place of 取代，代替③It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。
④Replace the magazines after reading.
杂志阅览后请放回原处。【即学活用】根据语境及汉语提示用replace的适当形式完成
句子。
①Teachers will never be ________ (代替) by computers.
②All the old carpets need ______________________(更换).
③I________ (放回) the cup carefully in the saucer. replacedreplacing /to be replaced replaced④她不能去参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。(一句多译)
She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant replaced her.
= She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant _______
_______her.
= She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant ________
_____.
= She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant attended it
_________her.
= She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant attended it
_________her. took theplace oftook herplacein place ofinstead of5. quantity n. 数量
【语境领悟】
①A yield refers to quantity( eg of food ).
产量指的是(食品的)数量。
②It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality.
今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。【归纳拓展】
a large quantity of 大量的
large quantities of 大量的；许多的
in quantity 大量地
③If you buy it in quantity, it’s a lot cheaper.
大批量购买要便宜得多。
④Large quantities of books were sent to the library.
大量的书被送到了图书馆。 【名师点津】quantity短语用法
(1)a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词。
(2)a quantity of修饰的名词作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数常依据of后面的名词而定, 若是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式, 若是可数名词复数, 谓语动词用复数形式。
(3) quantities of 短语作主语时, 无论of后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。【即学活用】完成句子。
他在教育孩子方面花了许多钱。
①A quantity of money _____________in bringing up his
children.
②Quantities of money ______________in bringing up his
children. has been spenthave been spent6. bring up 培养，养育；呕吐；提出
【语境领悟】
①Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.
袁隆平在中国出生并长大。
②Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?
你为什么非要提钱这个话题？
③He left her to bring up three young children on her own.
他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。 【易混辨析】
④They were brought up to respect the old.
他们从小就被教导尊敬老人。
⑤What are you going to do when you grow up?
你长大后打算做什么？ 【归纳拓展】
bring about 引起;导致;带来;造成
bring down 使降低，降价
bring back 归还；使记起；使恢复
bring forward 把……提前；提出
bring in 赚钱，使获利；请来；
引进；收割庄稼
bring out 拿出；清楚地显示，阐明；
生产，出版【即学活用】
①His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has ________ many good changes in their lives.
A. brought in B. brought out
C. brought up D. brought about
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他提出的每周家庭聚餐的想法，开始似乎很难进行，但是给他们的生活带来很多好的变化。bring in引进，赚钱；bring out取出，说出，阐明；bring up抚养，提出，呕吐；bring about带来，造成。②(2013·浙江高考)Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up
C. bring up D. take up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语用法。句意：熊在整个夏天和秋天积蓄脂肪以度过冬眠期。pack up停止，收工；build up逐渐增加；bring up抚养，使……长大；take up开始从事，占据(时间、空间等)。故选 B。 7. search for寻找，搜寻
【语境领悟】
①Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. 然后他开始了对一种特殊品种水稻的探索。
②The search for the missing men was given up.
搜寻失踪者的行动已经放弃了。【归纳拓展】
(1)search for=look for 搜寻，寻找
search sb. /someplace 搜身/搜查某地
search sb. /someplace for. . . 在某人身上/某地寻找……
(2)in search of
in one’s/the search for 寻找
③The police are searching the woods for the lost child.
警察正在搜索树林, 寻找失踪的孩子。
④Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.
科学家在寻找治疗这种疾病的方法。【即学活用】完成句子。
①They worked day and night __________the unknown plant.
他们日夜工作寻找那种未知的植物。
②The police ________________but found no weapon on him.
警察搜查小偷的身上，发现他并没有带武器。
③Many people were sent to _________the lost boy.
派了很多人去寻找那个失踪的男孩。in search ofsearched the thiefsearch for8. as a result of由于……的结果
【语境领悟】
①As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47. 5 percent in the 1990’s.
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47. 5%。
②Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.
久病使她的心脏受到一些轻微的损伤。【归纳拓展】
as a result 结果，因而
result in = lead to 导致，产生
result from 起因于……，由……产生
③I was caught in the rain last night. As a result, I’ve had a bad cold.
昨晚我让雨淋了，因此患了重感冒。
④The crash resulted in the deaths of 14 passengers.
撞车事故造成14名乘客死亡。⑤We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.
我们还在应付因过去的失误而造成的问题。【想一想】英语中表示“原因”的介词短语有哪些？
【参考答案】表示“原因”的介词短语有:
as a result of because of owing to due to
on account of thanks to as a consequence of
in consequence of【即学活用】
Jenny nearly missed the flight ________doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of B. on top of
C. in front of D. in need of
【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于买了很多东西，珍妮差一点就错过了航班。as a result of由于……； in need of 急需，需要；in front of在……前面;on top of在……顶部。 9. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
【句式分析】
(1)that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly是that引导的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。
(2)the key to. . . ……的关键，其中to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词或动名词。(3)to have more rice and to produce it more quickly是and连接的并列的不定式短语，在句中作表语。不定式短语作表语，对主语进行解释说明，一般表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。
①My task is to take good care of you.
我的任务就是照顾好你。
②The key to her success is based on her efforts.
她获得成功的关键在于她的努力。
③This is the key to failing in the exam.
这就是考试失败的关键。【名师点津】表语动词不定式，何时可省“to”
在现代英语中，作表语的不定式符号to往往省略，特别当句中含有do的某种形式时。
The first thing for you to do is (to) clean it and peel it. 你需要做的第一件事就是把它洗净，削皮。【即学活用】完成句子。
①My wish is _________a doctor.
我的愿望是成为一名医生。
②What I would suggest is ____________at once.
我的建议是立刻开始工作。to becometo start work③The key ______ this country a comfortable and clean place to live in is to control industrial pollution.
A. keeping B. to keeping
C. to keep D. keep
【解析】选B。句意：使该国保持舒服又干净的居住环境的关键是控制工业污染。the key to doing sth. 意为“做某事的关键是……”，其中to为介词。 10. He thought there was only one way to do this —by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的水稻，然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原先的任何一种产量更高。 【句式分析】(2)(one) way to do sth. = (one) way of doing sth. 做……的方法
by doing sth. 通过……的方式
①He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇特的办法,能使他上的课生动有趣。
②What is the best way to clean this?
清理这个最好的方法是什么?
③You can improve your spoken English by practising as often as possible.
你可以通过尽可能多地练习来提高英语口语。【即学活用】完成句子。
①He passed the exam _______________.
他通过努力学习通过了考试。
②I wish I knew a way of _____________quickly.
但愿我懂得一种快速致富的手段。
③Try to find your own way to ______________.
尽量用你自己的方式来表达这个意见。by working hardmaking moneyexpress the idea1. leading adj. 主要的；领先的；领导性的
【语境领悟】
①In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国的科学家袁隆平是一位领军人物。
②She was offered the leading role in the new TV series.
她应邀在那部新的电视连续剧中担任主角。 【归纳拓展】
(1)lead v. 领先；带领；过 …… (的生活)；导致
lead to 导致
lead a. . . life 过着……的生活
(2)lead n. 领头位置；主角
take the lead 领头
③Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
④They lead a busy and colourful life on the campus.
他们在大学里过着忙碌而又丰富多彩的生活。 【即学活用】We finally believe that war never settles anything. It only ________ violence.
A. runs into B. comes from
C. leads to D. begins with
【解析】选C。考查短语辨析。句意：我们终于相信了战争不会解决任何问题，它只会导致暴力行为。lead to导致；run into 突然……；come from 来自……；begin with 以……开始。 2. original adj. 原来的，最初的
【语境领悟】
①Our original plan was to go to Spain, but it was too expensive.
我们原来的计划是去西班牙,但是去那里太贵了。
【归纳拓展】
original adj. 有独创性的；真迹的
n. 原著，原件，原稿
originally adv. 原先，最初
origin n. 起源，出身②This is the original painting, and the others are copies.
这画是原作,其他的是复制品。
③Many words in the English language are French in origin.
英语中的许多词源于法语。 【即学活用】用original的适当形式填空。
①The building was _________ used as a prison.
②Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian ______ in this school.
③Our _______ plan was to fly to Beijing, but the flight was cancelled. originallyoriginoriginal3. export v. 出口
【语境领悟】
①Following this, Yuan Longping’s rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.
随后，袁隆平研制的水稻出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等国家。
②They sell to the home market, but they don’t export.
他们向国内市场销售,但不出口。【归纳拓展】
(1)export n. &v. 出口，输出，输出品
export sth. to sp. 出口某物到某地
export trade 出口贸易
(2)import n. &v. 进口，输入
import sth. from sp. 从某地进口某物
③India exports tea and cotton to many countries.
印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花。
④This year China exported more cars than it imported.
今年中国出口的汽车数量大于进口的数量。【即学活用】完成句子。
①90% of engines ______________Europe.
90%的发动机都出口到欧洲。
②The blood can also ______ waste products from the tissues.
血液还能从身体组织里输出废物。
③Insurance and tourism are also parts of the ___________.
保险及旅游也是出口贸易的一部分。
④That factory ________ some machines _____ Germany last
year. 去年那家工厂从德国进口了一批机器。 are exported toexportexport tradeimportedfrom4. experiment with对……进行实验
【语境领悟】
①First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice.
首先袁隆平对不同种类的水稻进行实验。
②Don’t experiment with such dangerous drugs.
不要用这种危险的药物做实验。【归纳拓展】
experiment with/on 用……做实验，对……进行实验；
试验，试用
experiment vi. 尝试，进行实验n. 实验
perform/carry out/make/do an experiment
进行试验
③My wife experiments on me before she serves a new dish to our guests.
我妻子在请客人吃她烧的一种新菜肴以前,总是先让我尝尝。
④He argued that the experiment could be done in another way. 他争辩说这项实验可以换一种方法进行。 【即学活用】改错。
He made several discoveries when he experimented a monkey
recently.
答案：___________________________在experimented之后加on/with5. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan. 它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他水稻的产量都要高很多。
【句式分析】
(1)greater than the yield of other types 用比较级表示最高级。
比较级形式表示最高级的概念的几种形式：
比较级+than+ any other + 可数名词单数
比较级+than+ any of the other+ 可数名词复数
比较级+than+ the other + 可数名词复数①简比她班级里任何一个女孩都高。
Jane is taller than any other girl in her class.
=Jane is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
=Jane is taller than the other girls in her class.
(2) grown in Pakistan过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which are grown in Pakistan。
(3)本句是一个用much修饰比较级的句型。much修饰比较级,意为“……得多”。
常见的修饰比较级的词还有：a little，a bit，a lot，rather，far，even，still，any等。②After the first failure，he studies even harder now.
第一次失败后，现在他学习更加努力了。
③I did rather worse this time.
这次我做得相当糟。
④She speaks English far better than her classmates.
她讲英语比她的同学好得多。 【即学活用】
The situation of the global finance crisis was ________ worse than expected.
A. rather B. fairly C. very D. any
【解析】选A。考查副词。本题中所使用的副词必须能够修饰形容词的比较级，rather与any符合条件，但是any用于否定句或疑问句中，因此选rather。 6. 2/3 of the world’s population regularly eat rice.
世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。
【句式分析】
(1)分数或百分数修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。若是不可数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数;若主语是可数名词复数,则谓语动词要用复数。(2)表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母的序数词加s。
one/a half二分之一
one fourth/a quarter四分之一
one fifth五分之一
two fifths五分之二
three fourths/three quarters四分之三
①About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.
那天大约有30%的学生未到。
②Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海。 【即学活用】(2011·湖南高考)One-third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家有三分之一的面积被森林覆盖，并且大多数公民是黑人。“分数词+of+名(代)词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于该名(代)词的单复数，所以第一个空用is；the majority of the citizens后的谓语动词用复数, 所以第二个空用are。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Surgeons have made a great ____________(突破)in the
kidney transplantation.
2. He needs a high income to _______(供养)such a large family.
3. With the development of modern __________(农业)and
industry, more and more waste is produced.
4. He is an important political ______(人物)in Indian history.
5. _________(教育)is given to children by the government. breakthroughsupportagriculturefigureEducation6. The _______(最初的)owner of the house was Duke
Wellington.
7. We are very proud of the high _______ (质量) of our product.
8. The scientific study of the chemistry of living things is called
____________(生物化学).
9. It is generally believed that advertising can increase
__________(产量) and sales.
10. We’ve _________ (改变;转换) from coal to gas central
heating. originalqualitybiochemistryproductionconvertedⅡ. 完成句子
1. He hopes to earn his living _______________.
他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。
2. He was late for the meeting ___________a traffic jam.
由于交通堵塞，他开会迟到了。
3. Scientists are working hard __________a cure for the
disease.
科学家们正努力工作寻找这种疾病的治愈方法。by selling drinksas a result ofin search of4. We all have our favourite _________________certain things.
我们做某些事都有自己爱用的方法。
5. Diet and exercise are _________good health.
身体健康的关键是饮食和运动。
6. They’ve __________experts to advise on the project.
他们已请来专家对该项目提意见。
7. ____________arms were discovered hidden in the trucks.
卡车上发现藏有大量武器。
8. I _________________why he quit his job.
我捉摸不透他为什么要辞掉工作。 ways of doing/to dothe key tobrought inQuantities ofcouldn’t figure outⅢ. 单项填空
1. (2013·攀枝花高一检测)The good result ________ the correct methods，that is to say，correct methods ________ good result.
A．lies；lead B．leads to；lie in
C．lies in；lead to D．lies to；lead to
【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。句意：好的结果在于正确的方法，也就是说，正确的方法会产生好的结果。lie in在于；lead to导致，引起，产生。2. (2013·承德高一检测)The company was named Gates Hall ________ a man named James Gates.
A. in need of B. in search of
C. with the help of D. in memory of
【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意：这家公司被命名为Gates Hall，以纪念一个名叫James Gates的人。in need of需要，需求；in search of 寻找；with the help of 在……的帮助下;in memory of为纪念……。3. The majority of people in the town strongly ________ the plan to build a playground for children.
A. consider B. support C. confirm D. submit
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个城镇中的大多数人大力支持为孩子们建一个操场的计划。consider认为;support支持;confirm确定，证实;submit替代。所以只有B项符合语意要求，答案为B。4. About ________ of the workers in that steel works ________ young people.
A. third-fifths; are B. three-fifths; is
C. three-fifths; are D. third-fifth; are
【解析】选C。分数的构成为分子为基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于“1”时，分母用复数；分数＋of＋名词结构作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。5. Credit cards have largely ________ money，for they are widely accepted everywhere.
A. exchanged B. reduced
C. replaced D. developed
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：信用卡已经很大程度地取代了现金，因为它们被广泛使用。replace取代；exchange交换；reduce减少；develop发展。6. My father enjoys his spare time by reading newspapers or ________ to music.
A. listening B. listens C. to listen D. listen
【解析】选A。考查介词by后跟v. -ing形式的用法。句意：我父亲业余时间喜欢读报纸或听音乐。句中的or连接并列成分，前面是reading，因此用listening一起作by的宾语。7. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.
A. make up B. figure out
C. look through D. put off
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：当前形势非常复杂，因此我认为要弄明白实际情况要花费我一段时间。make up编造；组成；figure out弄明白；弄清楚；look through浏览；put off推迟。根据句意可知正确答案为B。8. They ________ the study ________ a nursery room when the baby was born.
A. turned; to B. changed; for
C. converted; into D. transformed; to
【解析】选C。 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当孩子出生的时候，他们把书房改成育儿室了。表示“把……转换成……”，turn, transform, change要与into搭配连用；convert与into或to皆可搭配。【变式训练】
In the factory, a steam engine ________ heat into power.
A. moves B. removes
C. exchanges D. converts
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在工厂里蒸汽机把热能转化为动能。A项意为“移动，搬走”；B项意为“去除，移除”；C项意为“交换”；D项意为“转换，转化”。根据句意和词义选择D项。9. Do you know when the next book will ________?
A. publish B. come out
C. published D. come about
【解析】选B。句意：你知道下一本书何时出版吗？publish在此处应用被动语态；C项如果改成be published也正确；come out意为“出版”，为不及物动词短语；come about意为“发生”，相当于happen。故选B。10. As the result of the destroying of the forests, ________ rich land have turned into desert on the earth.
A. a large number of B. a large quantity of
C. a great deal of D. huge quantities of
【解析】选D。考查数词短语用法。句意：由于森林被毁，地球上大量的肥沃田地变成了沙漠。选项后的rich land是单数名词，四个选项都可表示数量，A项后需跟可数名词的复数形式，而C项后跟不可数名词，不符合结构。B、D两项后都可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，但是由于句子的谓语是have，而huge quantities of后的谓语用复数，故选择D项。11. The key ________ our strength lies in the unity of our members.
A. of B. to C. with D. in
【解析】选B。考查介词。句意：我们强大的关键是我们成员的团结。the key to表示“……的关键”, 其中to是介词。12. If children are badly ________, they will behave badly.
A. brought in B. brought out
C. brought back D. brought up
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果孩子养育得不好，他们的行为就会不检点。bring up“抚养；养育”符合题意。bring in引进；bring out生产；出版;bring back送回；恢复。13. My friend Martin had a high fever； ________, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. otherwise B. after all
C. any way D. as a result
【解析】选D。句意：我的朋友马丁发高烧了，结果，他既吃不下也睡不着。as a result结果，符合句意。after all毕竟；any way无论如何；otherwise否则。14. Since then, finding ways ________ more peanuts has been his life goal.
A. to growing B. to grow
C. of grow D. with growing
【解析】选B。句意：从那时起，找到种植更多花生的方法就成为了他的生活目标。分析句子结构可知所填空白处作定语修饰ways，要选择to grow或of growing的形式。故答案为B项。15. —I have passed the exam.
—________! You are really good.
A. Me too B. I have known
C. Well done D. Good luck
【解析】选C。Well done“干得好”，符合题意。Me too“我也是”；I have known“我已经知道了”；Good luck“祝你好运”，均与语境不符。课件13张PPT。 Module 4 Great Scientists
Module ReviewⅠ. 单词串记(根据构词法完成下面空格)
1. n. (去e) +-al →adj.
agriculture (n. )农业 →___________ (adj. ) 农业的
【类记】
centre (n. )中心 → _______ (adj. ) 中心的
face (n. )脸 → _____ (adj. ) 面部的
globe (n. )地球 → ______ (adj. ) 全球的
person (n. )人 → ________ (adj. ) 个人的
origin (n. )起源 → _______(adj. ) 原来的，最初的agriculturalcentralfacialglobalpersonaloriginal2. n. ＋doing →adj.
rice + growing→ rice-growing (adj. )___________
【类记】
labor + saving → labor-saving (adj. )_____________________
mouth + watering→ mouth-watering (adj. )___________
peace + loving → peace-loving (adj. )___________
time + consuming → time-consuming (adj. )_______
paper + making →paper-making (adj. )_______种植水稻的省工的，节省劳动力的令人垂涎的热爱和平的费时的造纸的Ⅱ. 连词成句(用本模块的词汇完成句子)
1. 爱因斯坦很出名，但简言之，他的相对论更为人所知。
Einstein was very famous. But _______, he ________________
___ his theory of relativity.
2. 简被诊断患有罕见的皮肤病，所以不得不放弃了舞台生涯。
______________a rare skin disease, Jane had to give up her
stage ______. in briefwas better-knownforDiagnosed withcareer3. 他原是该社区的领头人物, 但现在成了人们取笑的对象。
He was a ____________in the community, but now he is a
______of fun.
4. 耕地是农业生产的基础, 是维护粮食安全的重要保障。
Cultivated land is the base of ____________________, and is
an important factor to ensure food security.
5. 难道我们不能既为生活也为职业来教育人们吗?
Can’t we _______ people for life as well as for a ______?leading figurefigureagriculture productioneducatecareer6. 那本畅销书告诉我们有关宇宙学的常识。
The _________ tells us something about _________.
7. 请详告价格、质量、可供数量及其他有关情况。
Full information as to prices, _______, ________ available and
other relative particulars would be appreciated.
8. 爆炸有可能是因为一个管道断裂引起的气体泄漏。
A gas ______ from a fractured pipe was the likely cause of the
_________. best-sellercosmologyqualityquantityescapeexplosion9. 箭笔直地飞出去,正中小鸟的那只眼睛。
The ______ went _______ and hit the eye of the bird.
10. 我们将扩大出口信用保险,加大对出口的支持。
We will expand ______credit insurance and provide more
_______ for ______. arrowstraightexportsupportexportⅢ. 句式点拨
1. 当违反交通规则时，不要总是企图逃避受到处罚。(T/F)
(1)Don’t always attempt to escape being punished when you
break traffic rules. ( )
(2) Don’t always attempt to escape to be punished when you
break traffic rules. ( )
【思路点拨】
escape表示“逃脱，避免”时，其后跟名词、代词或者动
名词。不能跟不定式。escape 表示“逃跑”时，为不及物动词，
escape from /out of. . . 表示“从……逃跑”。TF【句式训练】
没有办法逃脱做这项工作。
____________________________________There is no way to escape doing the work.2. 自2000年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(T/F)
(1)Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 2000.
( )
(2)My hometown has been taken place great changes since
2000. ( )
【思路点拨】
take place是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。在
英中，不及物动词或不及物动词短语没有被动语态形式。TF【句式训练】
这个十字路口三年前发生了一起死亡事故。
__________________________________________________A fatal accident took place at this crossing three years ago.
