人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration单元基础巩固（含答案）
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Unit 3 Sea Exploration
一、阅读理解（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
A
Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on board. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called "AI Captain".
The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with the computer company, IBM. The ship's electric motor is powered by solar energy. The goal of the project is to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. The builders of the new Mayflower say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach. If these can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Because the MAS didn't have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. In addition to cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying many different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins. It even has a special "tongue" which can report back on the chemicals in the water.
Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again. They sent the MAS instructions to turn back.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour. That may seem slow, but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey.
1. What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A. Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower.
B. Exploring the ocean with high technologies.
C. Testing the new robotic ship of IBM.
D. Developing new AI systems.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. How the MAS is guided automatically.
B. What the MAS is equipped with.
C. Who designed the MAS.
D. Why the MAS is special.
3. What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A. The AI Captain sent wrong instructions.
B. The ship needed to be serviced regularly.
C. The electric motor got affected by something.
D. The scientists wanted to change the ship's route.
4. What's the best title for the text
A. The Self-driving Mayflower Ship Forced To Turn Back
B. The Fastest Robotic Ship Sailing Across The Atlantic
C. An AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship To The Atlantic
D. Another Mayflower Recreating The Cross-Atlantic Trip
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
(1) For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. (2) That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻) from dirty water. That's around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. (3) Therefore, they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
(4) On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6 km with six litres of water. (5) People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
5. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
6. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
7. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
8. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
9. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Boyan Slat is 26. If you saw him walking down the street, you might think he was just a student at a local technical university. And so he was, seven years ago, right before he (10) college.
Slat's life began to (11) after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. Before taking a diving course, he had (12) to see beautiful sea animals. However, what he (13) saw in the ocean was awful plastic waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a (14) to find a solution to this (15) problem. Struck by the idea for a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean, he (16) his own company at the age of 18. The idea was named one of the best (17) of 2015 by Time magazine.
After five and a half years' hard work, he (18) the world's first ocean plastic clean-up system: System 001. These floating barriers will capture (捕获) plastic and ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for (19) every few months. According to Slat, if all goes according to plan, only 60 systems could (20) the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 per cent by 2025.
However, there (21) a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems It's likely that lots of the waste will (22) be recycled into more single-use plastics that end up back in the (23) . That doesn't mean Slat will (24) . "Big problems require big solutions," he says. "If anyone has any better ideas, I'd love to know."
10. A. decided on B. dropped out of
C. took advantage of D. searched for
11. A. change B. recover C. suffer D. quicken
12. A. agreed B. managed C. promised D. expected
13. A. apparently B. potentially C. actually D. entirely
14. A. project B. book C. lake D. river
15. A. simple B. unique C. absurd D. alarming
16. A. left B. founded C. sold D. introduced
17. A. inventions B. tales C. channels D. dreams
18. A. sponsored B. launched C. restored D. reformed
19. A. trading B. hiding C. recycling D. testing
20. A. log B. reduce C. guarantee D. limit
21. A. advertises B. originates C. remains D. worsens
22. A. eventually B. frequently C. repeatedly D. precisely
23. A. ships B. mountains C. dustbins D. oceans
24. A. stress out B. set off C. take over D. give up
四、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
25.
withdraw from; lead to; in a league of one's own; a sight to behold; in hand; reach out; set sail; from a scientific point of view
(1) ______, green development will play an important role in developing the economy without damaging the environment.
(2) After the College Entrance Examination, we will say goodbye to each other and ______ for an unknown future.
(3) To add to the festive atmosphere, communities hold lantern shows during the Lantern Festival, which definitely are .
(4) With past experience , students who had volunteered before were selected to be trainers for the new volunteers.
(5) As a world-leading provider of telecom equipment, Huawei has been .
(6) At sixty, Maugham decided to the theater and wrote a book, in which he tried to review what he had learned from his career.
五、单句语法填空（本大题共8小题，共8.0分）
26. China made great efforts to give timely treatment to those infected with COVID-19 and (applaud) by the rest of the world in the past months.
27. The Spring Festival is the time of year that sees the largest annual mass ______ (migrate) on the planet when one sixth of the world's population travel home.
28. Happiness does not consist in how many ______ (possession) you own, but in how much you can contribute.
29. China's success in ______ (man) spacecraft travel shows that our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
30. Publishers from across the globe have gathered in London to discuss how (exploit) the growing overseas markets.
31. Some experts stated that if the company (withdraw) from the Chinese market, it would lose a lot of business opportunities.
32. It is a golden rule in the international trade that if you export nothing but raw materials, you're the mercy of world prices.
33. After ______ (arrest) for drunken driving, John realized the seriousness of the matter and promised to obey the traffic rules ever after.
六、语法填空（本大题共2小题，共30.0分）
34. Trade and curiosity have often formed the (1) (found) of mankind's greatest achievements. The people of early civilisations had a strong passion (2) completing the great map of the world.
In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome. A trading route across the sea (3) (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean too. Here, (4) (merchant) from China and many other places met (5) (negotiate) trade deals. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
To reach out across the sea (6) (remain) a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes (7) (travel) by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, (8) is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the (9) (history) Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China (10) the rest of the world.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
35. Both research and (1) (explore) in the Arctic are fundamental to understanding and dealing with climate change (2) (issue). With the melting of Arctic ice, the polar region could provide an opportunity to better understand the effects of global warming. The Arctic is (3) great importance, among other things, for the environment, trade, investment, energy and security. It is evaluated (4) (have) a quarter of the world's oil and natural gas. China has a clear Arctic policy explained in a White Paper issued in 2018, (5) corresponds well with the concept of a "Polar Silk Road".
As the result of global warming, Arctic ice is melting, (6) (open) up the possibility of a "Northern shipping route" via the Northwest, Central and Northeast passages. Shipping time between China and Europe via the Arctic would be shorter than (7) existing one through the Indian Ocean and Suez Canal. Although this does not mean the "Northern route" would replace these (8) (establish) ones, it would represent a new chance, (9) (particular) in the trade of energy and minerals. As issued in the White Paper, great importance (10) (attach) to voyage security in the Arctic shipping routes and studies on the routes by China these years.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
七、单词拼写-单句（本大题共6小题，共6.0分）
36. In recent years, new p______ like livestreaming hosts have sprung up in China, brought by the development of new modes of the economy.
37. Attracted by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to a when the pianist finally finished the performance.
38. He turned on the sports c______, only to find that the basketball match between the two countries had ended.
39. Private cars really provide much convenience for people, but _________ (与此同时) they cause too many problems.
40. The (混合) of better jobs and greater chances of self-improvement is what lies behind the return of overseas Chinese high-tech talents.
41. Robert is filled with confidence because he has an obvious advantage over his (对手) in the tournament.
八、完成句子（本大题共7小题，共14.0分）
42. 教育的目的是教年轻人独立思考而不是盲目地听从他人。（动词不定式作表语）
__________ to think for themselves instead of following others blindly.
43. 学外语时没有必要不懂装懂，否则你总有一天会后悔的。（need）
__________ what you don't know when you learn a foreign language, otherwise you will regret it some day.
44. 拥有良好的时间管理技巧的学生更可能在大学有更好的表现。（possession）
Students __________ good time-management skills are more likely to perform better in universities.
45. Richard坚持原则的同时也会灵活变通，因此他将代表我们队与对手协商。（negotiate; opponent）
Richard sticks to principles and at the same time has flexibility, so __________ on behalf of our team。
46. 这些书吸引了各个年龄段的读者，并在父母和孩子之间创立了一种特殊的联系。（bond）
The books appeal to readers of all ages and __________.
47. 为了扩大对公共决策的参与，政府进行了诸多有益的尝试。（动词不定式；extend）
__________ public decision-making, the government has made many beneficial attempts。
48. 文段练笔
假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，世界海洋日即将来临，请你写一封倡议书给你校学生，呼吁大家保护海洋。
内容包括：
(1)海洋的作用；
(2)你的倡议。
Dear fellow students,
(1) (有不断的报道) about animals that have died from marine pollution in recent years, which is shocking. I am writing (2) (来呼吁你们所有人来作出努力保护海洋).
As we all know, (3) (海洋在……方面起着重要的作用) the earth's ecosystem. However, with the development of science and technology and people's exploration of the sea, (4) (海洋污染已变得越来越严重). For example, extracting oil from the sea floor (5) (给我们的生活提供能源), but at the same time, (6) (它也给海洋生物带来巨大的威胁). Additionally, many kinds of pollutants have been poured into the ocean, (7) (这把一些海洋植物和动物置于危险境地).
In my opinion, we citizens should (8) (停止使用塑料袋) in daily life. In the meanwhile, the government ought to make laws (9) (来阻止化工厂倾倒废水到海洋里).
(10) (保护海洋是每个人的责任). Let's take action now!
Yours,
Li Hua
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
答案和解析
1~4.【答案】B、B、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍了“五月花号自主驾驶船”。它将穿越大西洋，重现1620年原“五月花”号横渡大西洋的情景。
1. 根据第二段中的The goal of the project is to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea.（该项目的目标是测试各种收集海洋信息的技术。）可知，MAS项目的终极任务是用高科技探索海洋。故选B。
2. 根据第三段的In addition to cameras and radar to help ...on the chemicals in the water.（除了配备照相机和雷达来帮助这一条船为自己导航，该船还携带了许多不同种类的工具和传感器。它有特殊的监听装置，可以探测到鲸鱼和海豚。它甚至有一个特殊的“舌头”，可以报告水中的化学物质。）可知，本段主要介绍MAS的配置。故选B。
3. 根据第四段中的there seemed to be something slowing the motor down（好像有什么东西使马达减速）可知，MAS的发动机受到了某些事物的影响。故选C。
4. 通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called... to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.（上周二，一艘名为“五月花号自主驾驶船”的机器人船从英国普利茅斯启航。这艘15米长的船将重现1620年最初的五月花号横渡大西洋的情景，这艘船将第一批欧洲定居者带到现在的马萨诸塞州普利茅斯。）可知，文章主要介绍了“五月花号自主驾驶船”。它将穿越大西洋，重现1620年原“五月花”号横渡大西洋的情景。因此D项“另一个五月花重现了跨大西洋之旅”最适合作为文章的标题。故选D。
5~9.【答案】A、E、D、F、G
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了水的重要性。当前世界上很多人喝不到干净的水，我们要珍惜水资源。
结合上文中的The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water（人体60%是水，我们需要喝大量的水）和下文中的use water to make the plants grow（用水使植物生长）；we need water to produce this energy（我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知，第一段讲述了人类直接用水，而第二段讲述了人类间接用水，A项（我们也间接地使用水。）符合题意。故选A。
2. 结合下文中的That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill.（这大约是世界上十分之一的人。如果我们喝不干净的水，我们就会被细菌感染而生病。）可知，此处讲述世界上还有很多人缺少干净的饮用水，而这与E项中的do not have clean water to drink信息一致。E项（你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗？）符合题意。故选E。
3. 结合上文提到的Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（此外，在一些国家，孩子们每天步行许多公里去取水。）和下文的Therefore, they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.（因此，他们没有时间学习如何阅读或写作，没有得到教育。）可知，在一些国家，孩子们为了取水需要花费大量的时间，因此不能上学。D选项中的children和get water与上文的呼应，以及school与下文的read or write和get an education的呼应。D项（如果孩子们每天步行好几个小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。）符合题意。故选D。
4. 根据下文中的On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举行教育活动）可知，下文具体提到了每年这一天人们要做的事情，这是F项（1993年，联合国决定将每年的3月22日定为世界水日。）的进一步拓展。故选F。
5. 结合上文中的children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6 km with six litres of water（10—15岁的孩子要提着6升水走6千米）可知，这所学校的孩子要体验取水的艰辛，这与选项G中的walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles相符。G项（这样，他们就知道了背着沉重的瓶子长途跋涉的感觉。）符合题意。故选G。
10~24.【答案】B、A、D、C、A、D、B、A、B、C、B、C、A、D、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了Boyan Slat专注于解决海洋污染问题，并发明了世界上第一个海上塑料清理系统，这个系统定期将海里的塑料垃圾运上岸并进行回收。
句意：七年前，他没从大学辍学之前，他是个大学生。decided on选定；dropped out of退学；took advantage of利用；searched for查找。根据上文中的And so he was, seven years ago可知，Boyan Slat没退学之前是一名大学生。故选B。
2. 句意：斯莱特16岁时和家人去希腊度假旅行后，他的生活开始改变。change改变；recover恢复；suffer遭受；quicken加快。根据下文中的From that moment on, Slat dived into a (5) to find a solution可知，16岁时，Boyan Slat和家人去了希腊度假之后，他的生活就发生了改变，从那时起他开始潜心研究解决海洋塑料垃圾问题的方法。故选A。
3. 句意：在参加潜水课程之前，他曾期望能看到美丽的海洋动物。agreed同意；managed管理；promised承诺；expected期望。根据上文中的Before taking a diving course可推知，他是带着能看到美丽的海洋动物的期待去上潜水课的。故选D。
4. 句意：然而，他在海里看到的其实是很多塑料垃圾。apparently显然地；potentially潜在地；actually事实上；entirely 完全地。根据上文中的However可知，此处表示他实际看到的与他期望看到的事物不同。故选C。
5. 句意：从那一刻起，斯莱特开始潜心研究一个项目来寻找解决这个令人惊恐的问题的方法。project项目；book书；lake湖；river河流。根据下文中的find a solution to this (6) problem可知，他想找到解决这个令人惊恐的问题的办法，因此潜心研究这个项目。故选A。
6. 句意同上。simple简单的；unique独特的；absurd荒谬的；alarming令人担忧的。根据上文However, what he (4) saw in the ocean was awful plastic waste.可知，这是一个令人担忧的问题。故选D。
7. 句意：18岁的时候，Struck被一个可以收集海洋中塑料的浮动屏障的想法所打动，创立了自己的公司。left离开；founded创建；sold卖；introduced介绍。根据下文中的his own company可知，他创立了自己的公司。故选B。
8. 句意：这个想法被《时代》杂志评为2015年最佳发明之一。inventions发明；tales故事；channels频道；dreams梦想。根据上文中的the idea for a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，漂浮屏障是一项发明。故选A。
9. 句意：经过五年半的努力，他启动了世界上第一个海洋塑料清理系统：System 001。sponsored赞助；launched发射、启动；restored修复；reformed改革。根据下文中的the world's first ocean plastic clean-up system可知，此处表示他启动了世界上第一个海洋塑料清理系统。故选B。
10. 句意：这些漂浮障碍会捕获这些塑料，每隔几个月，船只将收集这些废物并运到陆地上进行回收利用。trading交易；hiding隐藏；recycling回收利用；testing测试。根据下文中的It's likely that lots of the waste will (13) be recycled into more single-use plastics可知，从海洋里收集的垃圾会被回收。故选C。
11. 句意：根据Slat所说，如果一切按计划进行，到2025年，只用60个系统可以将塑料数量减少50%。log正式记录；reduce减少；guarantee确保；limit限制。根据上文中的These floating barriers will capture (捕获) plastic and ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for (10) every few months.可知，海洋塑料清理系统是以“捕捞海洋中的塑料并将其运往岸上回收”为工作原理的，因此是在减少海洋中的塑料垃圾。故选B。
12. 句意：然而，仍然存在一个问题：如何怎么处理Slat的系统带回岸上的塑料？advertises广告；originates起源；remains存在；worsens恶化。根据下文中的What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems 可知，仍然有“会怎么处理Slat的系统带回岸上的塑料？”的疑问。故选C。
13. 句意：很可能很多垃圾最终会被回收成为一次性塑料，最终回到海洋中。eventually最终；frequently经常；repeatedly反复地；precisely准确地。根据空后的be recycled into more single-use plastics that end up back可知，被回收的塑料垃圾最后会被做成更多一次性使用的塑料制品，最终会重新回到海洋。故选A。
14. 句意同上。ships船；mountains山区；dustbins垃圾箱；oceans海洋。根据上文that end up back in the可知，很多垃圾最终很可能会被回收成更多的一次性塑料，最终回到海洋中。故选D。
15. 句意：这并不意味着斯莱特会放弃。stress out强调；set off动身；take over接管；give up放弃。根据下文可知，面对上文提及的问题，他并没有知难而退，没有放弃。故选D。
25.【答案】【小题1】
From a scientific point of view
【小题2】
set sail
【小题3】
a sight to behold
【小题4】
in hand
【小题5】
in a league of its own
【小题6】
withdraw from
【解析】1. 句意：从科学的角度来看，绿色发展将在不破坏环境的前提下发挥重要作用。固定短语from a scientific point of view，意为“从科学的角度来看”，符合题意。句首首字母大写。故填From a scientific point of view。
2. 句意：高考过后，我们将告别彼此，驶向未知的未来。分析句子及空前的will可知，设空处应填动词原形；固定短语set sail“起航”符合题意。故填set sail。
3. 句意：为了增加节日气氛，社区在元宵节期间举行灯笼表演，这绝对是一个值得一看的景点。根据句子结构及句意可知，固定短语a sight to behold“值得一看的景点”符合语境。故填a sight to behold。
4. 句意：凭借过去的经验，以前做过志愿者的学生被选为新志愿者的培训师。固定短语in hand意为“在手中”符合题意。故填in hand。
5. 句意：作为世界领先的电信设备供应商，华为已经独树一帜。固定短语in a league of its own意为“独树一帜”符合题意。故填in a league of its own。
6. 句意：60岁时，毛姆决定退出戏剧界，并写了一本书，在书中他试图回顾自己从戏剧生涯中学到的东西。固定短语decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语，空处应为动词原形；固定短语withdraw from，意为“退出”符合题意。故填withdraw from。
26.【答案】has been applauded
【解析】句意：中国作出很大的努力为感染新冠肺炎的人提供及时的治疗，在过去的几个月里得到了世界其他国家的称赞。根据in the past months可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语China和applaud之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填has been applauded。
27.【答案】migration
【解析】句意：春节是地球上每年最大规模迁徙的季节，全世界六分之一的人口会在春节期间返乡。分析句子结构可知，在that引导的定语从句中，空处应是名词作sees的宾语。提示词的名词为migration，意为“迁徙”，不可数名词。故填migration。
28.【答案】possessions
【解析】句意：幸福不在于你拥有多少财产，而在于你能捐赠多少。possession作“个人财产”讲时，常用复数形式。故填possessions。
29.【答案】manned
【解析】句意：中国在载人宇宙飞船旅行方面的成功表明我国已经成为太空探索的最强国之一。分析句子，设空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词spacecraft。提示词的形容词形式为manned，意为“需人操纵的”。故填manned。
30.【答案】to exploit
【解析】句意：来自全球各地的出版商们齐聚伦敦，商讨如何开发日益增长的海外市场。此处为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。故填to exploit。
31.【答案】withdrew
【解析】句意：一些专家表示，如果这家公司从中国市场撤出，它将失去很多的商业机会。根据句中的stated和would lose可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填withdrew。
32.【答案】at
【解析】句意：这是国际贸易中的一个黄金法则：如果你只出口原材料，你就得受世界价格的摆布。at the mercy of意为“对……无能为力，任由……摆布”，为固定短语。故填at。
33.【答案】being arrested
【解析】句意：因酒驾被捕之后，John意识到了事情的严重性，并保证从此以后遵守交通规则。此处After为介词，其后应用动词的-ing形式，且John和arrest之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填being arrested。
34.【答案】【小题1】
foundation
【小题2】
for
【小题3】
was extended
【小题4】
merchants
【小题5】
to negotiate
【小题6】
remains
【小题7】
travelled
【小题8】
which
【小题9】
historic
【小题10】
and
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处应用名词形式。提示词的名词形式为foundation，意为“基础”，可数名词；结合of mankind's greatest achievements可知，此处特指“人类最伟大成就的基础”，因此应为名词单数形式。故填foundation。
2. 固定短语have a passion for sth.意为“对某事有热情”。故填for。
3. 句意：一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸。此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语A trading route和extend之间是动宾关系，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语A trading route为单数形式，故填was extended。
4. 分析句子可知，空处缺主语，应用名词或代词。根据提示词可知，merchant意为“商人”，作名词时为可数名词，且空前没有限定词，故用名词复数形式。故填merchants。
5. 分析句子可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to negotiate。
6. 句意：今天，我们仍然有跨越大洋的强烈愿望。根据句中的today可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为动词不定式结构，故谓语应用单数第三人称形式。故填remains。
7. 分析句子可知，设空处应为非谓语动词；逻辑主语The ancient sea routes和动词travel之间是动宾关系，故用动词的-ed形式作后置定语。故填travelled。
8. 句意：作为“一带一路”倡议的一部分，21世纪海上丝绸之路正在重新审视郑和的古代海上路线。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此应由which引导从句。故用which。
9. 分析句子可知，设空处应是形容词作定语，修饰名词Silk Road areas；提示词的形容词形式为historic意为“历史上著名（或重要）的”，故填historic。
10. 固定搭配between...and...表示“在……和……中间”。故填and。
35.【答案】【小题1】
exploration
【小题2】
issues
【小题3】
of
【小题4】
to have
【小题5】
which
【小题6】
opening
【小题7】
the
【小题8】
established
【小题9】
particularly
【小题10】
has been attached
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，空处与research并列作主语，应用名词形式exploration，意为“探索”，不可数名词。故填exploration。
2.
分析句子可知，issue作“问题”讲时为可数名词，且此处表示复数含义，应用其复数形式。故填issues。
3. 固定搭配be+of+抽象名词=名词相对应的形容词，常用于表示人或物的特征。of great importance意为“非常重要”。故填of。
4. 固定句型sth. be said/reported/evaluated to do意为“据说/据报道/据估计……”，其后跟不定式结构。故填to have。
5. 分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a clear Arctic policy，且在定语从句中作主语。应填which。
6. 分析句子可知，设空处应为非谓语动词形式，open up与其逻辑主语Arctic ice之间是主谓关系，应用动词的-ing形式作状语。故填opening。
7. 分析句子可知，existing one是指通过印度洋和苏伊士运河的现在正在使用的航道，表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
8. 分析句子可知，establish与ones之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示动作已完成，故用动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词ones。故填established。
9. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，表示程度，应用副词particularly意为“尤其是”。故填particularly。
10. 根据句中的these years可知，此处应用现在完成时；attach与great importance之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；且importance是不可数名词。故填has been attached。
36.【答案】professions
【解析】句意：近年来，随着经济新模式的发展，像直播这样的新职业在中国如雨后春笋般涌现。根据形容词new和助动词have可知，设空处应为可数名词复数形式；结合句意和首字母提示，profession“职业”符合题意。故填professions。
37.【答案】applaud
【解析】句意：被优美的钢琴音乐所吸引，当钢琴师最后结束演奏时，观众几乎忘记了鼓掌。固定短语forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”，设空处应为动词原形；结合句意及首字母提示，动词applaud“鼓掌”符合题意。故填applaud。
38.【答案】channel
【解析】句意：他打开体育频道，却发现两国的篮球比赛已经结束了。分析句子可知，设空处应为名词作宾语；结合句意及首字母提示，可数名词channel“频道”符合题意。根据句意可知，此处是指体育频道这一个频道，应用可数名词单数。故填channel。
39.【答案】meanwhile
【解析】句意：私家车真的为人们提供了便利，但与此同时他们也引起许多问题。根据汉语提示可知，空处应是副词meanwhile，意为“与此同时”，修饰整个句子。故填meanwhile。
40.【答案】mixture/mix
【解析】句意：更好的工作和更大的自我提升机会是海外高科技人才回归国内背后的原因所在。分析句子及空前的the可知，设空处应为名词作主语，结合汉语提示，单数名词mixture/mix意为“混合”符合题意。故填mixture/mix。
41.【答案】opponent(s)
【解析】句意：罗伯特充满了信心，因为在这场锦标赛中他比对方有一个明显的优势。分析句子及his可知，设空处应为名词作介词over的宾语；结合汉语提示，可数名词opponent意为“对手”符合题意。此处可以是单数也可以是复数形式。故填opponent(s)。
42.【答案】The aim of education is to teach young people
【解析】根据中英对照可知，设空处应为“教育的目的是教年轻人”之意。固定短语the aim of意为“……的目的”；名词education意为“教育”，动词teach意为“教”，young people“年轻人”。分析句子可知，句子描述的事实情况，应使用一般现在时；不定式作表语。故填The aim of education is to teach young people。
43.【答案】There is no need to pretend to know
【解析】根据中英对照，设空处应缺“没有必要装懂”之意。固定句型there is no need to do sth.意为“没有必要做某事”；固定短语pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”；动词know“知道”。句首首字母大写。故填There is no need to pretend to know。
44.【答案】who are in possession of
【解析】根据中英提示对照，空处缺少“拥有”之意。分析句子可知，设空处应为who引导的定语从句，先行词是Students，关系代词who在从句中作主语成分；固定短语be in possession of“拥有”。故填who are in possession of。
45.【答案】he will negotiate with the opponents
【解析】根据中英提示对照，设空处应是“他将代表我们队与对手协商”之意。分析可知，句子使用将来时；主语为he，谓语动词为negotiate，意为“协商”，固定短语negotiate with“和……协商”；宾语为opponent“对手”，根据常识可知，比赛有多个对手，应使用复数形式。故填he will negotiate with the opponents。
46.【答案】create a special bond between parents and children
【解析】根据中英对照，空处缺少“在父母和孩子之间创立了一种特殊的联系”之意。动词create“创造”作谓语动词；形容词special“特别的”作定语修饰可数名词bond“联系”；固定短语between…and…“在……和……之间”。分析句子及空前的谓语动词appeal可知，设空处谓语动词用一般现在时，主语为books，谓语动词用原形。故填create a special bond between parents and children。
47.【答案】To extend participation in
【解析】根据中英提示可知，设空处缺少“为了扩大参与”之意。动词extend意为“扩大”；固定短语participation in“对......的参与”；分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。句首首字母大写。故填To extend participation in。
48.【答案】【小题1】There have been frequent reports
【小题2】to call on all of you to make efforts to protect the ocean
【小题3】the ocean plays an important part in
【小题4】marine pollution has become increasingly serious
【小题5】provides energy for our lives
【小题6】it also brings great threat to ocean creatures
【小题7】which puts some marine plants and animals at risk
【小题8】stop using plastic bags
【小题9】to prevent chemical plants pouring waste water into the ocean
【小题10】 It is everyone's responsibility to protect the ocean
【解析】1. 根据汉语提示，此处用到there be句型，意为“有......”；形容词frequent“频繁的”修饰名词report“报道”，此处使用复数形式，表多个报道；根据in recent years可知，句子使用完成时，there be的完成时是there have/has been；根据后面的名词复数reports可知，用助动词have。故填There have been frequent reports。
2. 根据汉语提示，固定短语call on sb. to do sth.“呼吁某人做某事”；all of you“你们所有人”；固定短语make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”；protect the ocean“保护海洋”。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to call on all of you to make efforts to protect the ocean。
3. 根据汉语提示，固定短语play an important part in“在……中起着重要作用”，主语是the ocean，谓语动词用三单形式；此处表达的是事实，用一般现在时。故填the ocean plays an important part in。
4. 根据汉语提示，marine pollution“海洋污染”；become+adj“变得……”；形容词serious“严重的”作表语；副词increasingly“越来越多地”修饰形容词；分析句子可知，此句用现在完成时，主语是marine pollution，谓语动词用三单形式。故填marine pollution has become increasingly serious。
5. 根据汉语提示，固定短语provide sth. for sb.“给某人提供某物”；不可数名词energy“能源”作动词的宾语；our lives“我们的生活”；此句描述的是事实，句子使用一般现在时，主语是extracting oil，谓语动词用三单形式。故填provides energy for our lives。
6. 根据汉语提示，固定短语bring sth. to sb.“给某人带来某物”；great threat“巨大的威胁”；ocean creatures“海洋生物”；分析句子，此处描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词用三单形式。故填it also brings great threat to ocean creatures。
7. 根据汉语提示，固定短语put sth. at risk“把……置于危险境地”；marine plants and animals“海洋植物和动物”；分析句子，此处用which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的整句话内容，且关系词which在从句中作主语成分，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且从句的谓语动词用三单形式。故填which puts some marine plants and animals at risk。
8. 根据汉语提示，固定短语stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，动词的-ing形式作动词stop的宾语；plastic bags“塑料袋”；根据空前的should可知，stop用动词原形。故填stop using plastic bags。
9. 根据汉语提示，固定短语prevent sb. doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”；chemical plant“化工厂”。根据常识，化学工厂不止一个，用名词复数形式；固定短语pour sth. into…“倾倒……到……里去”；分析句子。prevent用动词不定式表示制定法律的目的，故填to prevent chemical plants pouring waste water into the ocean。
10. 根据汉语提示，固定短语It is one's responsibility to do sth.“做某事是某人的职责”，it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，protect the ocean，“保护海洋环境”，固定短语。故填 It is everyone's responsibility to protect the ocean。
第2页，共21页
一、阅读理解（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
A
Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on board. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called "AI Captain".
The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with the computer company, IBM. The ship's electric motor is powered by solar energy. The goal of the project is to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. The builders of the new Mayflower say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach. If these can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Because the MAS didn't have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. In addition to cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying many different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins. It even has a special "tongue" which can report back on the chemicals in the water.
Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again. They sent the MAS instructions to turn back.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour. That may seem slow, but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey.
1. What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A. Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower.
B. Exploring the ocean with high technologies.
C. Testing the new robotic ship of IBM.
D. Developing new AI systems.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. How the MAS is guided automatically.
B. What the MAS is equipped with.
C. Who designed the MAS.
D. Why the MAS is special.
3. What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A. The AI Captain sent wrong instructions.
B. The ship needed to be serviced regularly.
C. The electric motor got affected by something.
D. The scientists wanted to change the ship's route.
4. What's the best title for the text
A. The Self-driving Mayflower Ship Forced To Turn Back
B. The Fastest Robotic Ship Sailing Across The Atlantic
C. An AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship To The Atlantic
D. Another Mayflower Recreating The Cross-Atlantic Trip
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
(1) For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. (2) That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻) from dirty water. That's around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. (3) Therefore, they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
(4) On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6 km with six litres of water. (5) People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
5. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
6. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
7. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
8. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
9. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Boyan Slat is 26. If you saw him walking down the street, you might think he was just a student at a local technical university. And so he was, seven years ago, right before he (10) college.
Slat's life began to (11) after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. Before taking a diving course, he had (12) to see beautiful sea animals. However, what he (13) saw in the ocean was awful plastic waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a (14) to find a solution to this (15) problem. Struck by the idea for a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean, he (16) his own company at the age of 18. The idea was named one of the best (17) of 2015 by Time magazine.
After five and a half years' hard work, he (18) the world's first ocean plastic clean-up system: System 001. These floating barriers will capture (捕获) plastic and ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for (19) every few months. According to Slat, if all goes according to plan, only 60 systems could (20) the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 per cent by 2025.
However, there (21) a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems It's likely that lots of the waste will (22) be recycled into more single-use plastics that end up back in the (23) . That doesn't mean Slat will (24) . "Big problems require big solutions," he says. "If anyone has any better ideas, I'd love to know."
10. A. decided on B. dropped out of
C. took advantage of D. searched for
11. A. change B. recover C. suffer D. quicken
12. A. agreed B. managed C. promised D. expected
13. A. apparently B. potentially C. actually D. entirely
14. A. project B. book C. lake D. river
15. A. simple B. unique C. absurd D. alarming
16. A. left B. founded C. sold D. introduced
17. A. inventions B. tales C. channels D. dreams
18. A. sponsored B. launched C. restored D. reformed
19. A. trading B. hiding C. recycling D. testing
20. A. log B. reduce C. guarantee D. limit
21. A. advertises B. originates C. remains D. worsens
22. A. eventually B. frequently C. repeatedly D. precisely
23. A. ships B. mountains C. dustbins D. oceans
24. A. stress out B. set off C. take over D. give up
四、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
25.
withdraw from; lead to; in a league of one's own; a sight to behold; in hand; reach out; set sail; from a scientific point of view
(1) ______, green development will play an important role in developing the economy without damaging the environment.
(2) After the College Entrance Examination, we will say goodbye to each other and ______ for an unknown future.
(3) To add to the festive atmosphere, communities hold lantern shows during the Lantern Festival, which definitely are .
(4) With past experience , students who had volunteered before were selected to be trainers for the new volunteers.
(5) As a world-leading provider of telecom equipment, Huawei has been .
(6) At sixty, Maugham decided to the theater and wrote a book, in which he tried to review what he had learned from his career.
五、单句语法填空（本大题共8小题，共8.0分）
26. China made great efforts to give timely treatment to those infected with COVID-19 and (applaud) by the rest of the world in the past months.
27. The Spring Festival is the time of year that sees the largest annual mass ______ (migrate) on the planet when one sixth of the world's population travel home.
28. Happiness does not consist in how many ______ (possession) you own, but in how much you can contribute.
29. China's success in ______ (man) spacecraft travel shows that our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
30. Publishers from across the globe have gathered in London to discuss how (exploit) the growing overseas markets.
31. Some experts stated that if the company (withdraw) from the Chinese market, it would lose a lot of business opportunities.
32. It is a golden rule in the international trade that if you export nothing but raw materials, you're the mercy of world prices.
33. After ______ (arrest) for drunken driving, John realized the seriousness of the matter and promised to obey the traffic rules ever after.
六、语法填空（本大题共2小题，共30.0分）
34. Trade and curiosity have often formed the (1) (found) of mankind's greatest achievements. The people of early civilisations had a strong passion (2) completing the great map of the world.
In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome. A trading route across the sea (3) (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean too. Here, (4) (merchant) from China and many other places met (5) (negotiate) trade deals. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
To reach out across the sea (6) (remain) a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes (7) (travel) by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, (8) is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the (9) (history) Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China (10) the rest of the world.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
35. Both research and (1) (explore) in the Arctic are fundamental to understanding and dealing with climate change (2) (issue). With the melting of Arctic ice, the polar region could provide an opportunity to better understand the effects of global warming. The Arctic is (3) great importance, among other things, for the environment, trade, investment, energy and security. It is evaluated (4) (have) a quarter of the world's oil and natural gas. China has a clear Arctic policy explained in a White Paper issued in 2018, (5) corresponds well with the concept of a "Polar Silk Road".
As the result of global warming, Arctic ice is melting, (6) (open) up the possibility of a "Northern shipping route" via the Northwest, Central and Northeast passages. Shipping time between China and Europe via the Arctic would be shorter than (7) existing one through the Indian Ocean and Suez Canal. Although this does not mean the "Northern route" would replace these (8) (establish) ones, it would represent a new chance, (9) (particular) in the trade of energy and minerals. As issued in the White Paper, great importance (10) (attach) to voyage security in the Arctic shipping routes and studies on the routes by China these years.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
七、单词拼写-单句（本大题共6小题，共6.0分）
36. In recent years, new p______ like livestreaming hosts have sprung up in China, brought by the development of new modes of the economy.
37. Attracted by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to a when the pianist finally finished the performance.
38. He turned on the sports c______, only to find that the basketball match between the two countries had ended.
39. Private cars really provide much convenience for people, but _________ (与此同时) they cause too many problems.
40. The (混合) of better jobs and greater chances of self-improvement is what lies behind the return of overseas Chinese high-tech talents.
41. Robert is filled with confidence because he has an obvious advantage over his (对手) in the tournament.
八、完成句子（本大题共7小题，共14.0分）
42. 教育的目的是教年轻人独立思考而不是盲目地听从他人。（动词不定式作表语）
__________ to think for themselves instead of following others blindly.
43. 学外语时没有必要不懂装懂，否则你总有一天会后悔的。（need）
__________ what you don't know when you learn a foreign language, otherwise you will regret it some day.
44. 拥有良好的时间管理技巧的学生更可能在大学有更好的表现。（possession）
Students __________ good time-management skills are more likely to perform better in universities.
45. Richard坚持原则的同时也会灵活变通，因此他将代表我们队与对手协商。（negotiate; opponent）
Richard sticks to principles and at the same time has flexibility, so __________ on behalf of our team。
46. 这些书吸引了各个年龄段的读者，并在父母和孩子之间创立了一种特殊的联系。（bond）
The books appeal to readers of all ages and __________.
47. 为了扩大对公共决策的参与，政府进行了诸多有益的尝试。（动词不定式；extend）
__________ public decision-making, the government has made many beneficial attempts。
48. 文段练笔
假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，世界海洋日即将来临，请你写一封倡议书给你校学生，呼吁大家保护海洋。
内容包括：
(1)海洋的作用；
(2)你的倡议。
Dear fellow students,
(1) (有不断的报道) about animals that have died from marine pollution in recent years, which is shocking. I am writing (2) (来呼吁你们所有人来作出努力保护海洋).
As we all know, (3) (海洋在……方面起着重要的作用) the earth's ecosystem. However, with the development of science and technology and people's exploration of the sea, (4) (海洋污染已变得越来越严重). For example, extracting oil from the sea floor (5) (给我们的生活提供能源), but at the same time, (6) (它也给海洋生物带来巨大的威胁). Additionally, many kinds of pollutants have been poured into the ocean, (7) (这把一些海洋植物和动物置于危险境地).
In my opinion, we citizens should (8) (停止使用塑料袋) in daily life. In the meanwhile, the government ought to make laws (9) (来阻止化工厂倾倒废水到海洋里).
(10) (保护海洋是每个人的责任). Let's take action now!
Yours,
Li Hua
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
答案和解析
1~4.【答案】B、B、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍了“五月花号自主驾驶船”。它将穿越大西洋，重现1620年原“五月花”号横渡大西洋的情景。
1. 根据第二段中的The goal of the project is to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea.（该项目的目标是测试各种收集海洋信息的技术。）可知，MAS项目的终极任务是用高科技探索海洋。故选B。
2. 根据第三段的In addition to cameras and radar to help ...on the chemicals in the water.（除了配备照相机和雷达来帮助这一条船为自己导航，该船还携带了许多不同种类的工具和传感器。它有特殊的监听装置，可以探测到鲸鱼和海豚。它甚至有一个特殊的“舌头”，可以报告水中的化学物质。）可知，本段主要介绍MAS的配置。故选B。
3. 根据第四段中的there seemed to be something slowing the motor down（好像有什么东西使马达减速）可知，MAS的发动机受到了某些事物的影响。故选C。
4. 通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called... to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.（上周二，一艘名为“五月花号自主驾驶船”的机器人船从英国普利茅斯启航。这艘15米长的船将重现1620年最初的五月花号横渡大西洋的情景，这艘船将第一批欧洲定居者带到现在的马萨诸塞州普利茅斯。）可知，文章主要介绍了“五月花号自主驾驶船”。它将穿越大西洋，重现1620年原“五月花”号横渡大西洋的情景。因此D项“另一个五月花重现了跨大西洋之旅”最适合作为文章的标题。故选D。
5~9.【答案】A、E、D、F、G
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了水的重要性。当前世界上很多人喝不到干净的水，我们要珍惜水资源。
结合上文中的The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water（人体60%是水，我们需要喝大量的水）和下文中的use water to make the plants grow（用水使植物生长）；we need water to produce this energy（我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知，第一段讲述了人类直接用水，而第二段讲述了人类间接用水，A项（我们也间接地使用水。）符合题意。故选A。
2. 结合下文中的That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill.（这大约是世界上十分之一的人。如果我们喝不干净的水，我们就会被细菌感染而生病。）可知，此处讲述世界上还有很多人缺少干净的饮用水，而这与E项中的do not have clean water to drink信息一致。E项（你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗？）符合题意。故选E。
3. 结合上文提到的Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（此外，在一些国家，孩子们每天步行许多公里去取水。）和下文的Therefore, they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.（因此，他们没有时间学习如何阅读或写作，没有得到教育。）可知，在一些国家，孩子们为了取水需要花费大量的时间，因此不能上学。D选项中的children和get water与上文的呼应，以及school与下文的read or write和get an education的呼应。D项（如果孩子们每天步行好几个小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。）符合题意。故选D。
4. 根据下文中的On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举行教育活动）可知，下文具体提到了每年这一天人们要做的事情，这是F项（1993年，联合国决定将每年的3月22日定为世界水日。）的进一步拓展。故选F。
5. 结合上文中的children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6 km with six litres of water（10—15岁的孩子要提着6升水走6千米）可知，这所学校的孩子要体验取水的艰辛，这与选项G中的walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles相符。G项（这样，他们就知道了背着沉重的瓶子长途跋涉的感觉。）符合题意。故选G。
10~24.【答案】B、A、D、C、A、D、B、A、B、C、B、C、A、D、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了Boyan Slat专注于解决海洋污染问题，并发明了世界上第一个海上塑料清理系统，这个系统定期将海里的塑料垃圾运上岸并进行回收。
句意：七年前，他没从大学辍学之前，他是个大学生。decided on选定；dropped out of退学；took advantage of利用；searched for查找。根据上文中的And so he was, seven years ago可知，Boyan Slat没退学之前是一名大学生。故选B。
2. 句意：斯莱特16岁时和家人去希腊度假旅行后，他的生活开始改变。change改变；recover恢复；suffer遭受；quicken加快。根据下文中的From that moment on, Slat dived into a (5) to find a solution可知，16岁时，Boyan Slat和家人去了希腊度假之后，他的生活就发生了改变，从那时起他开始潜心研究解决海洋塑料垃圾问题的方法。故选A。
3. 句意：在参加潜水课程之前，他曾期望能看到美丽的海洋动物。agreed同意；managed管理；promised承诺；expected期望。根据上文中的Before taking a diving course可推知，他是带着能看到美丽的海洋动物的期待去上潜水课的。故选D。
4. 句意：然而，他在海里看到的其实是很多塑料垃圾。apparently显然地；potentially潜在地；actually事实上；entirely 完全地。根据上文中的However可知，此处表示他实际看到的与他期望看到的事物不同。故选C。
5. 句意：从那一刻起，斯莱特开始潜心研究一个项目来寻找解决这个令人惊恐的问题的方法。project项目；book书；lake湖；river河流。根据下文中的find a solution to this (6) problem可知，他想找到解决这个令人惊恐的问题的办法，因此潜心研究这个项目。故选A。
6. 句意同上。simple简单的；unique独特的；absurd荒谬的；alarming令人担忧的。根据上文However, what he (4) saw in the ocean was awful plastic waste.可知，这是一个令人担忧的问题。故选D。
7. 句意：18岁的时候，Struck被一个可以收集海洋中塑料的浮动屏障的想法所打动，创立了自己的公司。left离开；founded创建；sold卖；introduced介绍。根据下文中的his own company可知，他创立了自己的公司。故选B。
8. 句意：这个想法被《时代》杂志评为2015年最佳发明之一。inventions发明；tales故事；channels频道；dreams梦想。根据上文中的the idea for a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，漂浮屏障是一项发明。故选A。
9. 句意：经过五年半的努力，他启动了世界上第一个海洋塑料清理系统：System 001。sponsored赞助；launched发射、启动；restored修复；reformed改革。根据下文中的the world's first ocean plastic clean-up system可知，此处表示他启动了世界上第一个海洋塑料清理系统。故选B。
10. 句意：这些漂浮障碍会捕获这些塑料，每隔几个月，船只将收集这些废物并运到陆地上进行回收利用。trading交易；hiding隐藏；recycling回收利用；testing测试。根据下文中的It's likely that lots of the waste will (13) be recycled into more single-use plastics可知，从海洋里收集的垃圾会被回收。故选C。
11. 句意：根据Slat所说，如果一切按计划进行，到2025年，只用60个系统可以将塑料数量减少50%。log正式记录；reduce减少；guarantee确保；limit限制。根据上文中的These floating barriers will capture (捕获) plastic and ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for (10) every few months.可知，海洋塑料清理系统是以“捕捞海洋中的塑料并将其运往岸上回收”为工作原理的，因此是在减少海洋中的塑料垃圾。故选B。
12. 句意：然而，仍然存在一个问题：如何怎么处理Slat的系统带回岸上的塑料？advertises广告；originates起源；remains存在；worsens恶化。根据下文中的What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems 可知，仍然有“会怎么处理Slat的系统带回岸上的塑料？”的疑问。故选C。
13. 句意：很可能很多垃圾最终会被回收成为一次性塑料，最终回到海洋中。eventually最终；frequently经常；repeatedly反复地；precisely准确地。根据空后的be recycled into more single-use plastics that end up back可知，被回收的塑料垃圾最后会被做成更多一次性使用的塑料制品，最终会重新回到海洋。故选A。
14. 句意同上。ships船；mountains山区；dustbins垃圾箱；oceans海洋。根据上文that end up back in the可知，很多垃圾最终很可能会被回收成更多的一次性塑料，最终回到海洋中。故选D。
15. 句意：这并不意味着斯莱特会放弃。stress out强调；set off动身；take over接管；give up放弃。根据下文可知，面对上文提及的问题，他并没有知难而退，没有放弃。故选D。
25.【答案】【小题1】
From a scientific point of view
【小题2】
set sail
【小题3】
a sight to behold
【小题4】
in hand
【小题5】
in a league of its own
【小题6】
withdraw from
【解析】1. 句意：从科学的角度来看，绿色发展将在不破坏环境的前提下发挥重要作用。固定短语from a scientific point of view，意为“从科学的角度来看”，符合题意。句首首字母大写。故填From a scientific point of view。
2. 句意：高考过后，我们将告别彼此，驶向未知的未来。分析句子及空前的will可知，设空处应填动词原形；固定短语set sail“起航”符合题意。故填set sail。
3. 句意：为了增加节日气氛，社区在元宵节期间举行灯笼表演，这绝对是一个值得一看的景点。根据句子结构及句意可知，固定短语a sight to behold“值得一看的景点”符合语境。故填a sight to behold。
4. 句意：凭借过去的经验，以前做过志愿者的学生被选为新志愿者的培训师。固定短语in hand意为“在手中”符合题意。故填in hand。
5. 句意：作为世界领先的电信设备供应商，华为已经独树一帜。固定短语in a league of its own意为“独树一帜”符合题意。故填in a league of its own。
6. 句意：60岁时，毛姆决定退出戏剧界，并写了一本书，在书中他试图回顾自己从戏剧生涯中学到的东西。固定短语decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语，空处应为动词原形；固定短语withdraw from，意为“退出”符合题意。故填withdraw from。
26.【答案】has been applauded
【解析】句意：中国作出很大的努力为感染新冠肺炎的人提供及时的治疗，在过去的几个月里得到了世界其他国家的称赞。根据in the past months可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语China和applaud之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填has been applauded。
27.【答案】migration
【解析】句意：春节是地球上每年最大规模迁徙的季节，全世界六分之一的人口会在春节期间返乡。分析句子结构可知，在that引导的定语从句中，空处应是名词作sees的宾语。提示词的名词为migration，意为“迁徙”，不可数名词。故填migration。
28.【答案】possessions
【解析】句意：幸福不在于你拥有多少财产，而在于你能捐赠多少。possession作“个人财产”讲时，常用复数形式。故填possessions。
29.【答案】manned
【解析】句意：中国在载人宇宙飞船旅行方面的成功表明我国已经成为太空探索的最强国之一。分析句子，设空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词spacecraft。提示词的形容词形式为manned，意为“需人操纵的”。故填manned。
30.【答案】to exploit
【解析】句意：来自全球各地的出版商们齐聚伦敦，商讨如何开发日益增长的海外市场。此处为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。故填to exploit。
31.【答案】withdrew
【解析】句意：一些专家表示，如果这家公司从中国市场撤出，它将失去很多的商业机会。根据句中的stated和would lose可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填withdrew。
32.【答案】at
【解析】句意：这是国际贸易中的一个黄金法则：如果你只出口原材料，你就得受世界价格的摆布。at the mercy of意为“对……无能为力，任由……摆布”，为固定短语。故填at。
33.【答案】being arrested
【解析】句意：因酒驾被捕之后，John意识到了事情的严重性，并保证从此以后遵守交通规则。此处After为介词，其后应用动词的-ing形式，且John和arrest之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填being arrested。
34.【答案】【小题1】
foundation
【小题2】
for
【小题3】
was extended
【小题4】
merchants
【小题5】
to negotiate
【小题6】
remains
【小题7】
travelled
【小题8】
which
【小题9】
historic
【小题10】
and
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处应用名词形式。提示词的名词形式为foundation，意为“基础”，可数名词；结合of mankind's greatest achievements可知，此处特指“人类最伟大成就的基础”，因此应为名词单数形式。故填foundation。
2. 固定短语have a passion for sth.意为“对某事有热情”。故填for。
3. 句意：一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸。此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语A trading route和extend之间是动宾关系，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语A trading route为单数形式，故填was extended。
4. 分析句子可知，空处缺主语，应用名词或代词。根据提示词可知，merchant意为“商人”，作名词时为可数名词，且空前没有限定词，故用名词复数形式。故填merchants。
5. 分析句子可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to negotiate。
6. 句意：今天，我们仍然有跨越大洋的强烈愿望。根据句中的today可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为动词不定式结构，故谓语应用单数第三人称形式。故填remains。
7. 分析句子可知，设空处应为非谓语动词；逻辑主语The ancient sea routes和动词travel之间是动宾关系，故用动词的-ed形式作后置定语。故填travelled。
8. 句意：作为“一带一路”倡议的一部分，21世纪海上丝绸之路正在重新审视郑和的古代海上路线。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此应由which引导从句。故用which。
9. 分析句子可知，设空处应是形容词作定语，修饰名词Silk Road areas；提示词的形容词形式为historic意为“历史上著名（或重要）的”，故填historic。
10. 固定搭配between...and...表示“在……和……中间”。故填and。
35.【答案】【小题1】
exploration
【小题2】
issues
【小题3】
of
【小题4】
to have
【小题5】
which
【小题6】
opening
【小题7】
the
【小题8】
established
【小题9】
particularly
【小题10】
has been attached
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，空处与research并列作主语，应用名词形式exploration，意为“探索”，不可数名词。故填exploration。
2.
分析句子可知，issue作“问题”讲时为可数名词，且此处表示复数含义，应用其复数形式。故填issues。
3. 固定搭配be+of+抽象名词=名词相对应的形容词，常用于表示人或物的特征。of great importance意为“非常重要”。故填of。
4. 固定句型sth. be said/reported/evaluated to do意为“据说/据报道/据估计……”，其后跟不定式结构。故填to have。
5. 分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a clear Arctic policy，且在定语从句中作主语。应填which。
6. 分析句子可知，设空处应为非谓语动词形式，open up与其逻辑主语Arctic ice之间是主谓关系，应用动词的-ing形式作状语。故填opening。
7. 分析句子可知，existing one是指通过印度洋和苏伊士运河的现在正在使用的航道，表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
8. 分析句子可知，establish与ones之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示动作已完成，故用动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词ones。故填established。
9. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，表示程度，应用副词particularly意为“尤其是”。故填particularly。
10. 根据句中的these years可知，此处应用现在完成时；attach与great importance之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；且importance是不可数名词。故填has been attached。
36.【答案】professions
【解析】句意：近年来，随着经济新模式的发展，像直播这样的新职业在中国如雨后春笋般涌现。根据形容词new和助动词have可知，设空处应为可数名词复数形式；结合句意和首字母提示，profession“职业”符合题意。故填professions。
37.【答案】applaud
【解析】句意：被优美的钢琴音乐所吸引，当钢琴师最后结束演奏时，观众几乎忘记了鼓掌。固定短语forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”，设空处应为动词原形；结合句意及首字母提示，动词applaud“鼓掌”符合题意。故填applaud。
38.【答案】channel
【解析】句意：他打开体育频道，却发现两国的篮球比赛已经结束了。分析句子可知，设空处应为名词作宾语；结合句意及首字母提示，可数名词channel“频道”符合题意。根据句意可知，此处是指体育频道这一个频道，应用可数名词单数。故填channel。
39.【答案】meanwhile
【解析】句意：私家车真的为人们提供了便利，但与此同时他们也引起许多问题。根据汉语提示可知，空处应是副词meanwhile，意为“与此同时”，修饰整个句子。故填meanwhile。
40.【答案】mixture/mix
【解析】句意：更好的工作和更大的自我提升机会是海外高科技人才回归国内背后的原因所在。分析句子及空前的the可知，设空处应为名词作主语，结合汉语提示，单数名词mixture/mix意为“混合”符合题意。故填mixture/mix。
41.【答案】opponent(s)
【解析】句意：罗伯特充满了信心，因为在这场锦标赛中他比对方有一个明显的优势。分析句子及his可知，设空处应为名词作介词over的宾语；结合汉语提示，可数名词opponent意为“对手”符合题意。此处可以是单数也可以是复数形式。故填opponent(s)。
42.【答案】The aim of education is to teach young people
【解析】根据中英对照可知，设空处应为“教育的目的是教年轻人”之意。固定短语the aim of意为“……的目的”；名词education意为“教育”，动词teach意为“教”，young people“年轻人”。分析句子可知，句子描述的事实情况，应使用一般现在时；不定式作表语。故填The aim of education is to teach young people。
43.【答案】There is no need to pretend to know
【解析】根据中英对照，设空处应缺“没有必要装懂”之意。固定句型there is no need to do sth.意为“没有必要做某事”；固定短语pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”；动词know“知道”。句首首字母大写。故填There is no need to pretend to know。
44.【答案】who are in possession of
【解析】根据中英提示对照，空处缺少“拥有”之意。分析句子可知，设空处应为who引导的定语从句，先行词是Students，关系代词who在从句中作主语成分；固定短语be in possession of“拥有”。故填who are in possession of。
45.【答案】he will negotiate with the opponents
【解析】根据中英提示对照，设空处应是“他将代表我们队与对手协商”之意。分析可知，句子使用将来时；主语为he，谓语动词为negotiate，意为“协商”，固定短语negotiate with“和……协商”；宾语为opponent“对手”，根据常识可知，比赛有多个对手，应使用复数形式。故填he will negotiate with the opponents。
46.【答案】create a special bond between parents and children
【解析】根据中英对照，空处缺少“在父母和孩子之间创立了一种特殊的联系”之意。动词create“创造”作谓语动词；形容词special“特别的”作定语修饰可数名词bond“联系”；固定短语between…and…“在……和……之间”。分析句子及空前的谓语动词appeal可知，设空处谓语动词用一般现在时，主语为books，谓语动词用原形。故填create a special bond between parents and children。
47.【答案】To extend participation in
【解析】根据中英提示可知，设空处缺少“为了扩大参与”之意。动词extend意为“扩大”；固定短语participation in“对......的参与”；分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。句首首字母大写。故填To extend participation in。
48.【答案】【小题1】There have been frequent reports
【小题2】to call on all of you to make efforts to protect the ocean
【小题3】the ocean plays an important part in
【小题4】marine pollution has become increasingly serious
【小题5】provides energy for our lives
【小题6】it also brings great threat to ocean creatures
【小题7】which puts some marine plants and animals at risk
【小题8】stop using plastic bags
【小题9】to prevent chemical plants pouring waste water into the ocean
【小题10】 It is everyone's responsibility to protect the ocean
【解析】1. 根据汉语提示，此处用到there be句型，意为“有......”；形容词frequent“频繁的”修饰名词report“报道”，此处使用复数形式，表多个报道；根据in recent years可知，句子使用完成时，there be的完成时是there have/has been；根据后面的名词复数reports可知，用助动词have。故填There have been frequent reports。
2. 根据汉语提示，固定短语call on sb. to do sth.“呼吁某人做某事”；all of you“你们所有人”；固定短语make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”；protect the ocean“保护海洋”。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to call on all of you to make efforts to protect the ocean。
3. 根据汉语提示，固定短语play an important part in“在……中起着重要作用”，主语是the ocean，谓语动词用三单形式；此处表达的是事实，用一般现在时。故填the ocean plays an important part in。
4. 根据汉语提示，marine pollution“海洋污染”；become+adj“变得……”；形容词serious“严重的”作表语；副词increasingly“越来越多地”修饰形容词；分析句子可知，此句用现在完成时，主语是marine pollution，谓语动词用三单形式。故填marine pollution has become increasingly serious。
5. 根据汉语提示，固定短语provide sth. for sb.“给某人提供某物”；不可数名词energy“能源”作动词的宾语；our lives“我们的生活”；此句描述的是事实，句子使用一般现在时，主语是extracting oil，谓语动词用三单形式。故填provides energy for our lives。
6. 根据汉语提示，固定短语bring sth. to sb.“给某人带来某物”；great threat“巨大的威胁”；ocean creatures“海洋生物”；分析句子，此处描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词用三单形式。故填it also brings great threat to ocean creatures。
7. 根据汉语提示，固定短语put sth. at risk“把……置于危险境地”；marine plants and animals“海洋植物和动物”；分析句子，此处用which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的整句话内容，且关系词which在从句中作主语成分，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且从句的谓语动词用三单形式。故填which puts some marine plants and animals at risk。
8. 根据汉语提示，固定短语stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，动词的-ing形式作动词stop的宾语；plastic bags“塑料袋”；根据空前的should可知，stop用动词原形。故填stop using plastic bags。
9. 根据汉语提示，固定短语prevent sb. doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”；chemical plant“化工厂”。根据常识，化学工厂不止一个，用名词复数形式；固定短语pour sth. into…“倾倒……到……里去”；分析句子。prevent用动词不定式表示制定法律的目的，故填to prevent chemical plants pouring waste water into the ocean。
10. 根据汉语提示，固定短语It is one's responsibility to do sth.“做某事是某人的职责”，it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，protect the ocean，“保护海洋环境”，固定短语。故填 It is everyone's responsibility to protect the ocean。
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