外研版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 2 Lessons in life -单元能力提升（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 2 Lessons in life -单元能力提升（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-23 16:02:42 | ||
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Unit 2 Lessons in life
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Many consider George Bernard Shaw's body of work to be second only to Shakespeare's. Shaw possesses a deep love of language, high comedy, and social consciousness and this is evident in some of his best plays.
Pygmalion
Thanks to its musical adaptation (My Fair Lady), Shaw's Pygmalion has become the playwright's most famous comedy. It illustrates the comical clash(滑稽的冲突) between two different worlds. The upper-class Henry Higgins attempts to transform lower-class girl Eliza Doolittle into a refined lady. As Eliza begins to change, Henry realizes that he has become rather attached to his "pet project". But they don't end up as a couple.
Heartbreak House
In Heartbreak House, Shaw was influenced by Anton Chekhov, a Russian novelist, and populated the play with humorous characters in sad situations. Set in England during World War I, the play centers on Ellie Dunn, a young woman who visits a leisurely household filled with idle(无所事事的) men and women. In this play, Shaw demonstrates how much the society lacks purposes.
Major Barbara
The story concerns an idealistic young woman Barbara Undershaft. She shows her love for the poor and struggles to help them get rid of poverty and fights against armament manufacturers such as her wealthy father. Much of this play is a discussion between two differing ideas. Shaw called it "the conflict between real life and the romantic imagination".
Saint Joan
Shaw felt that this powerful historical drama represented his best work. The play tells the famous story of Joan of Arc. Shaw created many strong female roles throughout his career. With Saint Joan, Shaw reached the height of his fame as a dramatist. For a Shavian(萧伯纳的) actress, Saint Joan is perhaps the greatest and most rewarding challenge presented by the Irish playwright.
1. What can we know about Heartbreak House
A. It is Shaw's most famous play.
B. It is set at the backdrop of a war.
C. It shows the success of a woman.
D. It is adapted by Anton Chekhov.
2. Which play tells the heroine's efforts to help poor people
A. Pygmalion. B. Saint Joan.
C. Major Barbara. D. Heartbreak House.
3. Who is the leading character in the work judged to be the best by Shaw
A. Joan of Arc. B. Ellie Dunn.
C. Barbara Undershaft. D. Eliza Doolittle.
B
Accompanied by her father, using a combination of aid and free climbing and taking advantage of some special equipment and ropes for protection, 10-year-old Selah made it to the top of El Capitan on June 12 after five days of big wall climbing.
Climbing the challenging and adventurous Nose Route of El Capitan was a labor of love for Selah in more than one way. Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love on this 3,000-plus-foot huge rock and she has always wanted to feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together. Selah showed great interest in rock climbing at an early age. She wore her first set of rock-climbing equipment shortly after she learned to walk. She first dreamed of climbing El Capitan when she was 6 or 7.
El Capitan is a famous mountain-sized rock in Yosemite National Park. Getting to its top is no easy task. El Capitan with its difficult Nose Route, which runs more than 3,000 feet high up the center of the rock's face, is considered one of the world's hardest big wall climbs and has attracted the best climbers over time. But never before had a youngster accomplished it.
Selah's achievement caught national attention. Outside Magazine called her the youngest documented person to climb the Nose. Ken Yager, president of the Yosemite Climbing Association, said he also couldn't think of anyone younger who has done it.
Selah is humble about her El Capitan accomplishment. "I'm not necessarily a special kid or anything like that," she said. "There were a few times when I would be so worn that it would kind of discourage me from holding on. But overall, it was just great to keep plugging away."
Selah shared this advice with other young climbers dreaming of big walls, "It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it."
4. What do we learn about Selah climbing El Capitan
A. She began her climbing on June 5.
B. She got inspired by her family history.
C. She managed without any external help.
D. She was the first female to reach the top.
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 3
A. To state El Capitan's history.
B. To prove El Capitan's popularity.
C. To introduce El Capitan's location.
D. To stress the challenge of climbing El Capitan.
6. Which of the following best describes Selah
A. Determined. B. Generous. C. Warm-hearted. D. Fortunate.
7. What may be Selah's advice for other young climbers
A. Dream big and aim high.
B. Be committed to your ambition.
C. Chance favors the prepared mind.
D. Nothing is impossible for a genius.
C
Most people know the basic story of Roger Bannister, who, on May 6, 1954, broke through the four-minute barrier with a time of three minutes, fifty-nine and four-tenths of a second. But it was not until I decided to write about him for my book Practically Radical, and read a remarkable account of his exciting adventures by the British journalist and runner John Bryant, that I understood that he was not just one of the great athletes of the past century, but an innovator and a great success.
Bryant reminds us that runners had been chasing(努力获得) the goal seriously since at least 1886, and that the challenge involved the most brilliant coaches and gifted athletes in North America, Europe, and Australia. "For years runners had been struggling against the clock, but the elusive four minutes had always beaten them," Bryant notes. "It had become as much a psychological barrier as a physical one. And like an unconquerable mountain, the closer it was approached, the more frightening it seemed."
The experts believed that the mark would fall only when it would have to be in perfect weather—68 degrees Fahrenheit(68 °F) and no wind, and on a particular kind of track—hard, dry clay—and in front of a huge, cheerful crowd urging the runner on. But Bannister did it on a cold day, on a wet track, at a small meet in Oxford, England, before a crowd of just a few thousand people.
When Bannister broke the mark, many people breathed a sigh of relief. At last, somebody did it! And once they saw it could be done, they did it too. Just 46 days after Bannister's feat, John Landy, an Australian runner, broke the barrier again, with a time of 3 minutes 58 seconds. Then, just a year later, three runners broke the four-minute barrier in a single race. Over the last half century, more than a thousand runners have conquered a barrier that had once been considered hopelessly out of reach.
How is it that so many runners broke the four-minute barrier after Bannister became the first to do it Two Wharton School professors explained that what changed was the mental model. The runners of the past had been held back by a mindset that said they could not surpass(超过) the four-minute mile. When that limit was broken, the others saw that they could do something they had previously thought impossible.
8. What can we learn about the author
A. He enjoyed reading adventure stories.
B. He liked to face various challenges.
C. He admired Roger Bannister for his great success in sports.
D. He came to realize what Roger Bannister was exactly like.
9. What does the underlined word "elusive" in the second paragraph mean
A. Be painful to admit. B. Be not worth trying.
C. Be difficult to achieve. D. Be impossible to accept.
10. According to the experts, what was the main factor in breaking the record
A. Enough training. B. Proper equipment.
C. Certain circumstances. D. Extraordinary abilities.
11. What does the author want to tell us in the text
A. Make great efforts to pursue dreams.
B. Step out from the traditional thoughts.
C. Seize every opportunity to improve oneself.
D. Be aware of the possible unexpected results.
D
In addition to their daily tasks, the brave Mars pioneers will also have to be ready to deal with all kinds of medical mon colds and headaches may be easy to handle with medication. To help them with more serious issues, like severe skin burns, scientists from Dresden University of Technology (TUD) have developed a 3D bio-printer capable of producing human tissue in space.
3D bio-printers are similar to traditional 3D printers with one key difference. Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic, they deposit(放置) layers of biomaterial, made largely from living cells, to build complex human tissue. Since the raw material is not readily available, researchers begin by taking a few cells from the required organ, such as lungs or skin, and cultivating(培育) them in the laboratory. Once enough cells have been produced, they are used to create "bio-ink", which is loaded into the printer.
This, as you can imagine, is no easy task, and despite trying for many years, scientists have still not been able to reproduce human organs for widespread use. Bioprinting in space has even more challenges. The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink.
The TUD scientists believe the difficulty can be overcome by using cells from the injured astronaut. "Using biomaterial from the astronauts themselves also removes the risk of transplant rejection(移植排斥)," says Nieves Cubo Mateo, a bioprinting specialist.
The TUD researchers, who revealed the first bio-printed bone and skin samples on July 9, 2019, believe that once developed, the technology could help astronauts treat acute injuries. Tommaso Ghidini, head of ESA's Structures, Mechanisms and Materials Division says, "Carrying enough medical supplies for all possibilities would be impossible in the limited space of a spacecraft. Instead, a 3D bioprinting capability will let them respond to medical emergencies as they arise."
12. What's the main difference between 3D bio-printers and traditional ones
A. The work efficiency.
B. The operation principle.
C. The progress of making objects.
D. The material used to make objects.
13. What is the biggest problem to using bioprinting in space
A. How to get raw material.
B. How to bring bio-ink to the space.
C. How to reduce the risk of rejection.
D. How to take cells from injured astronauts.
14. What's Tommaso Ghidini's attitude to 3D bio-printers
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Conservative. D. Unconcerned.
15. What's the best title for the text
A. Is Biomaterial Safer for the Astronauts
B. Are 3D Bio-printers Worth the Money
C. Can Printing Human Tissue Become a Reality
D. Can 3D Bio-printers Benefit Mars Astronauts
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Why Gratitude Is Significant As far as I'm concerned, no matter what you're going through, there is always a reason to be thankful. But not only that—being thankful might just be exactly what you need to do if you're going through a tough time. (1)
Researchers found that having a grateful attitude helps strengthen one's immune system, lower blood pressure, improve sleep and motivate people to exercise regularly. (2) Practicing gratitude also has been associated with better quality of life for individuals who struggle with stress, anxiety and depression.
Having gone through a period of depression myself after cancer surgery 10 years ago, I can tell you this illness can be severe. (3) I knew I was in trouble when I couldn't eat or sleep. It took me well over a year to come out of that dark valley.
During that time I sought many forms of treatment for depression, including professional counseling and exercise. One thing recommended to me by a counselor was keeping a gratitude journal. (4) This simple exercise lifts my sight out of the darkness and helps me see the truth around: there are people who love and care for you and there are purposes in life.
(5) In reality, there is no single cure for it. If suffering, you may prefer to seek professional counseling and care. Still, I would encourage you to practice gratitude. Think of a few things you can thank life for. You might be surprised by how significant an effect it can have.
A. It itself carries a host of health benefits.
B. Being grateful accounts for your recovery.
C. Gratitude is good for your mind, body and soul.
D. Depression makes you feel as if you were dead inside.
E. For example, I would sincerely convey my gratitude loudly
F. Every day, I would set down three things I was thankful for in life.
G. Now I realize depression does not go away by practicing a single exercise.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Dogs will do absolutely anything for the people they love. For one North Carolina dog, that meant (21) his own life in order to save his best friend.
This past Saturday morning, a deadly fire (22) in an apartment building. "My wife got a phone call and it was (23) because she had her on the speakerphone and my daughter was very (24) and she was screaming that the apartment was on fire," said Marc Martinez, whose daughter Karina was asleep in the apartment when the fire started.
Karina was asleep and had no (25) that her life was in danger until her dog, a 2-year-old German Shepherd named Riddick, (26) her up with his panicked barks. After (27) there was a fire, Riddick helped guide Karina to the (28) . "She went down the landing, but because there were already (29) all around, the dog got (30) and went back up and would not come down," said Martinez. " (31) , she couldn't get Riddick to come back down and he (32) before firefighters could rescue him."
"The great Greenville City Fire Department did something to their credit. They made the whole family feel (33) ," said Martinez, who was truly (34) when they went into the building and got back Riddick's body so they could give him a proper (35) .
21. A. sacrificing B. wasting C. risking D. treasuring
22. A. turned up B. fell back C. died down D. broke out
23. A. in peace B. in vain C. in chaos D. in surprise
24. A. delighted B. frightened C. puzzled D. depressed
25. A. idea B. problem C. wonder D. doubt
26. A. locked B. raised C. woke D. picked
27. A. realizing B. predicting C. declaring D. admitting
28. A. passage B. bedroom C. recovery D. safety
29. A. flames B. stairs C. tears D. cheers
30. A. excited B. scared C. amazed D. annoyed
31. A. Gradually B. Apparently C. Possibly D. Unluckily
32. A. passed away B. went out C. pulled through D. sat around
33. A. shocked B. relieved C. disappointed D. confused
34. A. thoughtful B. powerful C. thankful D. hopeful
35. A. shelter B. appearance C. burial D. examination
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. The United States has many symbols—the bald eagle, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, and others—but one symbol (1) stands out for those coming to the United States from another country is the Statue of Liberty. In fact, this statue is a monument to freedom and (2) (easy) recognizable all over the world.
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, came up (3) the idea for the Statue of Liberty. (4) (know) how large he wanted the statue to be, he enlisted(争取) Gustave Eiffel, (5) (design) of the Eiffel Tower to help him create the structure of the statue. The statue (6) (give) to the United States in 1886 by the people of France as a gesture of friendship.
The Statue of Liberty, (7) (construct) entirely in France, traveled by boat from France to New York Harbor. Standing in New York Harbor welcoming immigrants, visitors and those returning to the United States after traveling abroad, the statue is about 305 feet tall, including the pedestal. It is one of the first items (8) (vision) when people are flying to beautiful New York.
The Statue of Liberty is a robed woman, who appears to be stepping forward with her left foot stepping on broken shackles(镣铐). She holds (9) torch in one hand, symbolizing enlightenment. The tablet made of stone in her left hand (10) (represent) knowledge.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假定你是高中学生李华，你校英文报“文学”版块正面向全体学生征稿，请你针对某部书籍或戏剧作品进行投稿，内容包括：
(1)作品名字和作者；
(2)作品的主要内容；
(3)你从中获得的启示。
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Living in the countryside
When lockdowns descended upon many countries across the world during the pandemic, social media seemed to be dominated by pictures of cottages and village life. So, why is living in the countryside becoming a modern fantasy—and are there benefits of considering a slower pace of life It makes sense that some people would want to give up the crowded and noisy city streets for the perceived tranquility(宁静) of the traditional country life—especially during an event like a pandemic. But it's not just about having a greener place to look at out your window．
There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living. Villages aren't normally subject to the stop-go traffic we see in city centers, the buses fighting with taxis for dominance, or metro systems with trains that scream from one station to the next. In short, there's less noise and air pollution in the countryside. You also get more opportunities to take long walks and see the sights, meaning you can get more exercise. Less noise, more walks and better air can also lead to less stress and an increased life expectancy(预期寿命), according to studies such as one conducted by the British government in 2012.
However, there are some things that need to be considered. Loneliness can be a large drawback when it comes to moving to the countryside. Living far from the hustle and bustle of the city means that some people may feel isolated or even lonely. And as people get older, life far from doctors or public transport could become a bit of a challenge.
So, if you're considering a change of pace and moving to a picturesque village, there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
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答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了萧伯纳的几部戏剧。
根据Heartbreak House部分中的Set in England during World War I可知，Heartbreak House的创作背景是在一战期间，故选B。
2. 根据Major Barbara部分中的She shows her love for the poor and struggles to help them get rid of poverty and fights against armament manufacturers such as her wealthy father.（她表现出对穷人的爱，努力帮助他们摆脱贫困，并与她富有的父亲这样的军火制造商进行斗争。）可知，在这部剧中女主角表现出对穷人的爱且努力帮助他们摆脱贫困并对抗军火制造商，故选C。
3. 根据Saint Joan部分中的Shaw felt that this powerful historical drama represented his best work. The play tells the famous story of Joan of Arc. （萧伯纳认为这部强有力的历史剧代表了他最好的作品。该剧讲述了圣女贞德的著名故事。）可知，萧伯纳认为Saint Joan是他最好的作品，这部历史剧讲述了Joan of Arc的故事，故选A。
4~7.【答案】B、D、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了10岁的Selah在父亲的陪同下，借助一些特殊装备和绳索，在经历了5天的大岩壁攀登后，于6月12日登上了埃尔卡皮坦山顶的故事。
根据第二段中的Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love on this 3,000-plus-foot huge rock and she has always wanted to feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together. （她的父母迈克和乔伊·施奈特爱上了这块3000多英尺高的巨石，她一直想感受父母在一起时的感受。）可知，Selah从她的家族史中受到启发。故选B。
2. 根据第三段内容（El Capitan是约塞米蒂国家公园中一块著名的山石。达到顶峰绝非易事。El Capitan以其艰难的鼻子路线，从岩石表面的中心向上延伸超过3000英尺，被认为是世界上最难的大型攀岩之一，并随着时间的推移吸引了最好的攀岩者。但之前从未有一个年轻人做到这一点。）可知，攀登埃尔卡皮坦山是士分艰难的。故本段是为了强调攀登El Capitan的挑战。故选D。
3. 根据第五段中的There were a few times when I would be so worn that it would kind of discourage me from holding on. But overall, it was just great to keep plugging away.（有几次，我会非常疲惫，以至于有点不愿意坚持下去。但总的来说，继续努力是件好事。）可知，Selah是有决心的。故选A。
4. 根据文章最后一段中的It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it.（做这样的事不一定需要一个特别的人。你只要用心去做就行了。）可知，Selah给其他年轻攀登者的建议是坚定自己的雄心抱负。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、C、C、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要解读四分钟跑完一英里的纪录多年没被打破的原因以及给人们带来的启示。
根据第一段中的But it was not until... but an innovator and a great success（但直到我决定为我的《几乎是激进的》一书撰写关于他的文章，并阅读了英国记者兼赛跑运动员约翰·布莱恩特（John Bryant）对他激动人心的冒险经历的精彩描述，我才明白，他不仅是上个世纪最伟大的运动员之一，而且是一位创新者和巨大的成功。）可知，作者直到写书时才认识到Roger Bannister是一个什么样的人，故选D。
2. 根据画线词前的the challenge involved the most brilliant coaches and gifted athletes（挑战涉及最优秀的教练和天才运动员）和For years runners had been struggling against the clock（多年来，跑步者一直在与时间抗争）以及画线词后的a psychological barrier（心理障碍）和an unconquerable mountain（不可战胜的大山）可知，“四分钟障碍”是难以打破的。elusive意为“难实现的”。故选C。
3. 根据第三段中的The experts believed that the mark would fall only when it would have to be in perfect weather—68 degrees Fahrenheit(68 °F) and no wind, and on a particular kind of track—hard, dry clay—and in front of a huge, cheerful crowd urging the runner on. （专家们认为，只有在天气完美的情况下——68华氏度（68华氏度）且无风的情况下，在一种特殊的坚硬干燥的粘土跑道上，在一大群欢快的人群催促下，成绩才会下降。）可知，专家们认为只有在一定的条件下纪录才可能被打破。故选C。
4. 根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的Two Wharton School professors explained that what changed was the mental model... impossible.（沃顿商学院的两位教授解释说，改变的是思维模式。过去的跑步者被一种认为他们不能超过四分钟一英里的心态所束缚。当这个限制被打破时，其他人看到他们可以做一些他们以前认为不可能的事情。）可知，是思维禁锢了人们的行为，人们应该挣脱传统思想的束缚。故选B。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机。
1. 根据第二段中Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic（而不是用塑料等材料制作物体）可知，这款3D生物打印机与传统的3D打印机的最主要的区别在于用于打印的原材料不同。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink.（最大的挑战是寻找细胞来培养和创造所需的生物墨水。）可知，在太空使用3D生物打印机的最大困难是找到细胞来培育和创造所需的“生物墨水”，即打印的原材料。故选A。
3. 根据最后一段中Instead, a 3D bioprinting capability will let them respond to medical emergencies as they arise.（取而代之的是，3D生物打印功能可以让他们在出现医疗紧急情况时做出反应。）推知，Tommaso Ghidini对3D生物打印机持赞同的态度。故选B。
4. 通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机。故D项（3D生物打印机能造福火星宇航员吗？）适合作文章的标题。故选D。
16~20.【答案】C、A、D、F、G
【解析】1. 【文章带】本文通过研究者的发现和作者自身的故事告诉读者：感恩有益于身心健康。
根据空前的 But not only that—being thankful might just be exactly what you need to do if you're going through a tough time.（但不仅如此，如果你正在经历一段艰难的时期，感恩可能正是你需要做的。）可知，C项（感恩对你的思想、身体和灵魂有好处）是对空前句的原因说明，C项起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。
2. 本段讲述研究者发现感恩对人们的健康有益。A项中的health benefits与上文中的strengthen one's immune system, lower blood pressure, improve sleep and motivate people to exercise regularly（增强免疫系统，降低血压，改善睡眠，激励人们定期锻炼）相照应。故选A。
3. 根据空前的Having gone through a period of depression myself...can be severe（10年前癌症手术后，我自己也经历了一段抑郁时期，我可以告诉你，这种疾病可能很严重。）可知，作者用10年前抑郁的经历说明这种病可能会很严重。D项（抑郁会让你觉得自己好像死了一样）是进一步的说明。故选D。
4. 根据空前的One thing recommended to me by a counselor was keeping a gratitude journal. （一位顾问向我推荐的一件事是写一本感恩日记。）可知，一位顾问向作者推荐写感恩日记。F项（每天，我都会写下三件我在生活中感激的事情）举例说明具体做法。故选F。
5. 根据全文内容以及本段大意可知，本段既是上一段的总结，也是全文的总结。G项（现在我意识到抑郁并不是通过一次锻炼就能消除的。）适合作本段的主题句。故选G。
21~35.【答案】A、D、C、B、A、C、A、D、A、B、D、A、B、C、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一个两岁的小狗牺牲自己救女孩儿的故事。
句意：对于一只北卡罗来纳州的狗来说，这意味着为了拯救他最好的朋友而牺牲自己的生命。sacrificing牺牲；wasting浪费；risking冒……的危险；treasuring珍藏，珍惜。 根据最后一段中的they went into the building and got back Riddick's body可知，小狗牺牲了自己的生命。故选A。
2. 句意：上周六上午，一栋公寓楼发生致命火灾。turned up出现；fell back后退；died down逐渐变弱；broke out突然开始，爆发。根据下文可知，一幢公寓突然失火了，故选D。
3. 句意：马克·马丁内斯说：“我妻子接到一个电话，电话里一片混乱，因为她用了扬声器，我女儿非常害怕，她尖叫着说公寓着火了。”起火时，马克·马丁内斯的女儿卡丽娜正在公寓里睡觉。in peace安静地；in vain徒劳无益；in chaos一片混乱；in surprise惊讶地。根据下文中的because she had...on fire可知，此时是一片混乱（in chaos）。故选C。
4. 句意同上。delighted高兴的；frightened受惊的，害怕的；puzzled困惑的，无法理解的；depressed沮丧的。根据下文中的she was screaming that the apartment was on fire可知，女孩儿非常害怕。故选B。
5. 句意：卡丽娜睡着了，不知道自己的生命有危险，直到她的狗——一只名叫里德克的两岁德国牧羊犬——惊慌失措地把她吵醒。 idea想法，主意；problem问题；wonder惊讶，惊奇；doubt怀疑。根据上文中的Karina was asleep可知，她不知道自己有生命危险。have no idea意为“不知道”。故选A。
6. 句意同上。lock sb. up把某人关进监狱；raise sb. up举起某人；wake sb. up叫醒某人； pick sb. up接某人。根据句意可知，小狗惊慌失措的叫声唤醒了女孩儿。故选C。
7. 句意：在意识到发生火灾后，里德克帮助引导卡丽娜到安全的地方。realizing意识到；predicting预测；declaring宣布； admitting承认。根据句意可知，意识到发生了火灾之后，小狗引导女孩儿到了安全的地方，故选A。
8. 句意同上。passage通道，走廊；bedroom卧室；recovery痊愈，监护室；safety安全处所。根据常识可知，火灾时应该转移到安全的地方。故选D。
9. 句意：她走下楼梯平台，但因为周围已经有火焰，这只狗吓了一跳，又爬了上去，不肯下来。flames火焰；stairs楼梯；tears眼泪；cheers欢呼声。根据下文中的went back up and would not come down可推断出，此时已经是一片火海了。故选A。
10. 句意同上。excited激动的；scared害怕的；amazed惊讶的；annoyed生气。根据句意可知，小狗因为害怕不愿意下来，故选B。
11. 句意：不幸的是，她没能让里德克回来，他在消防员营救他之前就去世了。Gradually逐渐地；Apparently显然；Possibly可能。Unluckily不幸的是。根据下文可知，小狗被火烧死了。unluckily“不幸的是”，符合语境。故选D。
12. 句意同上。passed away 去世；went out出去，熄灭；pulled through度过难关；sat around围坐。根据最后一段中的got back Riddick's body知，小狗死了，故选A。
13. 句意：马丁内斯说：“伟大的格林维尔市消防局为他们做了一些值得赞扬的事情。他们让全家人都感到安慰。”当他们走进大楼，找回里德克的尸体，以便给它一个像样的葬礼时，马丁内斯真的很感激。shocked震惊的；relieved宽慰的；disappointed失望的；confused困惑的。根据句意可知，消防队员的做法让一家人感到宽慰。故选B。
14. 句意同上。thoughtful体贴的；powerful强大的；thankful感谢的；hopeful抱有希望的。根据下文中的they went into the building and got back Riddick s body可知，女孩儿的父亲非常感激消防队员。故选C。
15. 句意同上。shelter庇护所；appearance外表；burial葬礼；examination考试。此处表示为小狗举行像样的葬礼，故选C。
36.【答案】【小题1】
that/which
【小题2】
easily
【小题3】
with
【小题4】
Knowing
【小题5】
designer
【小题6】
was given
【小题7】
constructed
【小题8】
visible
【小题9】
a
【小题10】
represents
【解析】1. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且指代先行词one symbol，故填that/which。
2. 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词recognizable，应用副词；提示词easy的副词形式是easily，译为“容易地”，符合题意。故填easily。
3. 考查介词。come up with意为“想出，想到”，固定短语。故填with。
4. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词，主语he与know之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing作状语，应填knowing。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Knowing。
5. 考查词形转换。分析句子可知，此处作Gustave Eiffel的同位语，指的是“埃菲尔铁塔的设计者”，故用名词形式。故填designer。
6. 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，主语The statue与谓语动词give之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且根据空后的in 1886可知，应用一般过去时。故此处是一般过去时的被动语态，故填was given。
7. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词；The Statue of Liberty与construct之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的-ed形式作定语。故填constructed。
8. 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词，作后置定语修饰items；visible形容词，意为“看得见的”符合句意。故填visible。
9. 考查冠词。torch手电筒，可数名词，此处表示泛指，且torch的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
10. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，故应用一般现在时；主语为The tablet是单数形式，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填represents。
37.【答案】 The Blue Bird is a six-act play for children by Maurice Maeterlinck. In a fairy-tale-like setting, Tyltyl and Mytyl, the son and daughter of a poor woodcutter, are sent by the Fairy Bérylune to search the world for the Blue Bird of Happiness. After many adventures, they find it in their own backyard.
①What the play tells us is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries, but in simple things that are found in family life, as well as in acts of friendship and kindness.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题是针对某部书籍或戏剧作品进行投稿。写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏要点，适当添加细节，以充实文章内容。尽量使用高级词汇和高级句型，同时要使用合适的衔接词，让文章看起来有条理。
【亮点词汇】
①fairy-tale-like setting空灵的童话般的场景
②search...for...寻找.....
③luxuries奢侈品
④as well as也，以及，此外
【高分句型】
①What the play tells us is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries, but in simple things that are found in family life, as well as in acts of friendship and kindness.（what引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句；that引导的定语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：作品的名字和作者
中心：作品的主要内容
结尾：获得的启示
【拓展词汇】
①deepen加深
②inspire启发
③enrich one's knowledge丰富某人的知识
【拓展句型】
①Read some materials concerning about ..., which plays an extremely significant role in Chinese literature.阅读有关……的材料，……在中国文学中起着极其重要的作用。
②Considering the fact that I have a very limited knowledge of ..., your introduction will surely help me appreciate it better.鉴于我对……了解有限，你的介绍一定能帮助我更好的欣赏它。
38.【答案】 People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. （要点1）The benefits include less noise, better air, more exercise and better overall health. （要点2）However, the disadvantages are senses of isolation and having little access to public services. （要点3）Thus, you had better think twice before moving to the countryside.（要点4）
【解析】【思路点拨】
【解题思路】
本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是住在农村的好处和坏处。
要点1：主要讲述疫情期间有些人想放弃拥挤和嘈杂的城市街道，去感受宁静乡村。主题句为：When lockdowns descended upon many countries across the world during the pandemic, social media seemed to be dominated by pictures of cottages and village life.
要点2：主要讲述了农村生活的好处。主题句为：There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living.
要点3：主要讲述了农村生活的缺点。主题句为： However, there are some things that need to be considered.
要点4：主要讲述了搬到农村生活要综合利弊。主题句为：if you're considering a change of pace and moving to a picturesque village, there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
【结构衔接】
要点2和要点3之间为转折关系，可用衔接词：however, though, nevertheless等；
要点4为对全文的总结，可用衔接词thus，therefore, in conclusion等。
【亮点词汇】
①appeal有吸引力
②overall health整体健康
③have access to能接近.......
④think twice慎重考虑
【高分句型】
①People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. （find it+adj.+to do sth.句型）
②However, the disadvantages are senses of isolation and having little access to public services. （动词的-ing形式作主语）
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
第2页，共19页
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Many consider George Bernard Shaw's body of work to be second only to Shakespeare's. Shaw possesses a deep love of language, high comedy, and social consciousness and this is evident in some of his best plays.
Pygmalion
Thanks to its musical adaptation (My Fair Lady), Shaw's Pygmalion has become the playwright's most famous comedy. It illustrates the comical clash(滑稽的冲突) between two different worlds. The upper-class Henry Higgins attempts to transform lower-class girl Eliza Doolittle into a refined lady. As Eliza begins to change, Henry realizes that he has become rather attached to his "pet project". But they don't end up as a couple.
Heartbreak House
In Heartbreak House, Shaw was influenced by Anton Chekhov, a Russian novelist, and populated the play with humorous characters in sad situations. Set in England during World War I, the play centers on Ellie Dunn, a young woman who visits a leisurely household filled with idle(无所事事的) men and women. In this play, Shaw demonstrates how much the society lacks purposes.
Major Barbara
The story concerns an idealistic young woman Barbara Undershaft. She shows her love for the poor and struggles to help them get rid of poverty and fights against armament manufacturers such as her wealthy father. Much of this play is a discussion between two differing ideas. Shaw called it "the conflict between real life and the romantic imagination".
Saint Joan
Shaw felt that this powerful historical drama represented his best work. The play tells the famous story of Joan of Arc. Shaw created many strong female roles throughout his career. With Saint Joan, Shaw reached the height of his fame as a dramatist. For a Shavian(萧伯纳的) actress, Saint Joan is perhaps the greatest and most rewarding challenge presented by the Irish playwright.
1. What can we know about Heartbreak House
A. It is Shaw's most famous play.
B. It is set at the backdrop of a war.
C. It shows the success of a woman.
D. It is adapted by Anton Chekhov.
2. Which play tells the heroine's efforts to help poor people
A. Pygmalion. B. Saint Joan.
C. Major Barbara. D. Heartbreak House.
3. Who is the leading character in the work judged to be the best by Shaw
A. Joan of Arc. B. Ellie Dunn.
C. Barbara Undershaft. D. Eliza Doolittle.
B
Accompanied by her father, using a combination of aid and free climbing and taking advantage of some special equipment and ropes for protection, 10-year-old Selah made it to the top of El Capitan on June 12 after five days of big wall climbing.
Climbing the challenging and adventurous Nose Route of El Capitan was a labor of love for Selah in more than one way. Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love on this 3,000-plus-foot huge rock and she has always wanted to feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together. Selah showed great interest in rock climbing at an early age. She wore her first set of rock-climbing equipment shortly after she learned to walk. She first dreamed of climbing El Capitan when she was 6 or 7.
El Capitan is a famous mountain-sized rock in Yosemite National Park. Getting to its top is no easy task. El Capitan with its difficult Nose Route, which runs more than 3,000 feet high up the center of the rock's face, is considered one of the world's hardest big wall climbs and has attracted the best climbers over time. But never before had a youngster accomplished it.
Selah's achievement caught national attention. Outside Magazine called her the youngest documented person to climb the Nose. Ken Yager, president of the Yosemite Climbing Association, said he also couldn't think of anyone younger who has done it.
Selah is humble about her El Capitan accomplishment. "I'm not necessarily a special kid or anything like that," she said. "There were a few times when I would be so worn that it would kind of discourage me from holding on. But overall, it was just great to keep plugging away."
Selah shared this advice with other young climbers dreaming of big walls, "It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it."
4. What do we learn about Selah climbing El Capitan
A. She began her climbing on June 5.
B. She got inspired by her family history.
C. She managed without any external help.
D. She was the first female to reach the top.
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 3
A. To state El Capitan's history.
B. To prove El Capitan's popularity.
C. To introduce El Capitan's location.
D. To stress the challenge of climbing El Capitan.
6. Which of the following best describes Selah
A. Determined. B. Generous. C. Warm-hearted. D. Fortunate.
7. What may be Selah's advice for other young climbers
A. Dream big and aim high.
B. Be committed to your ambition.
C. Chance favors the prepared mind.
D. Nothing is impossible for a genius.
C
Most people know the basic story of Roger Bannister, who, on May 6, 1954, broke through the four-minute barrier with a time of three minutes, fifty-nine and four-tenths of a second. But it was not until I decided to write about him for my book Practically Radical, and read a remarkable account of his exciting adventures by the British journalist and runner John Bryant, that I understood that he was not just one of the great athletes of the past century, but an innovator and a great success.
Bryant reminds us that runners had been chasing(努力获得) the goal seriously since at least 1886, and that the challenge involved the most brilliant coaches and gifted athletes in North America, Europe, and Australia. "For years runners had been struggling against the clock, but the elusive four minutes had always beaten them," Bryant notes. "It had become as much a psychological barrier as a physical one. And like an unconquerable mountain, the closer it was approached, the more frightening it seemed."
The experts believed that the mark would fall only when it would have to be in perfect weather—68 degrees Fahrenheit(68 °F) and no wind, and on a particular kind of track—hard, dry clay—and in front of a huge, cheerful crowd urging the runner on. But Bannister did it on a cold day, on a wet track, at a small meet in Oxford, England, before a crowd of just a few thousand people.
When Bannister broke the mark, many people breathed a sigh of relief. At last, somebody did it! And once they saw it could be done, they did it too. Just 46 days after Bannister's feat, John Landy, an Australian runner, broke the barrier again, with a time of 3 minutes 58 seconds. Then, just a year later, three runners broke the four-minute barrier in a single race. Over the last half century, more than a thousand runners have conquered a barrier that had once been considered hopelessly out of reach.
How is it that so many runners broke the four-minute barrier after Bannister became the first to do it Two Wharton School professors explained that what changed was the mental model. The runners of the past had been held back by a mindset that said they could not surpass(超过) the four-minute mile. When that limit was broken, the others saw that they could do something they had previously thought impossible.
8. What can we learn about the author
A. He enjoyed reading adventure stories.
B. He liked to face various challenges.
C. He admired Roger Bannister for his great success in sports.
D. He came to realize what Roger Bannister was exactly like.
9. What does the underlined word "elusive" in the second paragraph mean
A. Be painful to admit. B. Be not worth trying.
C. Be difficult to achieve. D. Be impossible to accept.
10. According to the experts, what was the main factor in breaking the record
A. Enough training. B. Proper equipment.
C. Certain circumstances. D. Extraordinary abilities.
11. What does the author want to tell us in the text
A. Make great efforts to pursue dreams.
B. Step out from the traditional thoughts.
C. Seize every opportunity to improve oneself.
D. Be aware of the possible unexpected results.
D
In addition to their daily tasks, the brave Mars pioneers will also have to be ready to deal with all kinds of medical mon colds and headaches may be easy to handle with medication. To help them with more serious issues, like severe skin burns, scientists from Dresden University of Technology (TUD) have developed a 3D bio-printer capable of producing human tissue in space.
3D bio-printers are similar to traditional 3D printers with one key difference. Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic, they deposit(放置) layers of biomaterial, made largely from living cells, to build complex human tissue. Since the raw material is not readily available, researchers begin by taking a few cells from the required organ, such as lungs or skin, and cultivating(培育) them in the laboratory. Once enough cells have been produced, they are used to create "bio-ink", which is loaded into the printer.
This, as you can imagine, is no easy task, and despite trying for many years, scientists have still not been able to reproduce human organs for widespread use. Bioprinting in space has even more challenges. The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink.
The TUD scientists believe the difficulty can be overcome by using cells from the injured astronaut. "Using biomaterial from the astronauts themselves also removes the risk of transplant rejection(移植排斥)," says Nieves Cubo Mateo, a bioprinting specialist.
The TUD researchers, who revealed the first bio-printed bone and skin samples on July 9, 2019, believe that once developed, the technology could help astronauts treat acute injuries. Tommaso Ghidini, head of ESA's Structures, Mechanisms and Materials Division says, "Carrying enough medical supplies for all possibilities would be impossible in the limited space of a spacecraft. Instead, a 3D bioprinting capability will let them respond to medical emergencies as they arise."
12. What's the main difference between 3D bio-printers and traditional ones
A. The work efficiency.
B. The operation principle.
C. The progress of making objects.
D. The material used to make objects.
13. What is the biggest problem to using bioprinting in space
A. How to get raw material.
B. How to bring bio-ink to the space.
C. How to reduce the risk of rejection.
D. How to take cells from injured astronauts.
14. What's Tommaso Ghidini's attitude to 3D bio-printers
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Conservative. D. Unconcerned.
15. What's the best title for the text
A. Is Biomaterial Safer for the Astronauts
B. Are 3D Bio-printers Worth the Money
C. Can Printing Human Tissue Become a Reality
D. Can 3D Bio-printers Benefit Mars Astronauts
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Why Gratitude Is Significant As far as I'm concerned, no matter what you're going through, there is always a reason to be thankful. But not only that—being thankful might just be exactly what you need to do if you're going through a tough time. (1)
Researchers found that having a grateful attitude helps strengthen one's immune system, lower blood pressure, improve sleep and motivate people to exercise regularly. (2) Practicing gratitude also has been associated with better quality of life for individuals who struggle with stress, anxiety and depression.
Having gone through a period of depression myself after cancer surgery 10 years ago, I can tell you this illness can be severe. (3) I knew I was in trouble when I couldn't eat or sleep. It took me well over a year to come out of that dark valley.
During that time I sought many forms of treatment for depression, including professional counseling and exercise. One thing recommended to me by a counselor was keeping a gratitude journal. (4) This simple exercise lifts my sight out of the darkness and helps me see the truth around: there are people who love and care for you and there are purposes in life.
(5) In reality, there is no single cure for it. If suffering, you may prefer to seek professional counseling and care. Still, I would encourage you to practice gratitude. Think of a few things you can thank life for. You might be surprised by how significant an effect it can have.
A. It itself carries a host of health benefits.
B. Being grateful accounts for your recovery.
C. Gratitude is good for your mind, body and soul.
D. Depression makes you feel as if you were dead inside.
E. For example, I would sincerely convey my gratitude loudly
F. Every day, I would set down three things I was thankful for in life.
G. Now I realize depression does not go away by practicing a single exercise.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Dogs will do absolutely anything for the people they love. For one North Carolina dog, that meant (21) his own life in order to save his best friend.
This past Saturday morning, a deadly fire (22) in an apartment building. "My wife got a phone call and it was (23) because she had her on the speakerphone and my daughter was very (24) and she was screaming that the apartment was on fire," said Marc Martinez, whose daughter Karina was asleep in the apartment when the fire started.
Karina was asleep and had no (25) that her life was in danger until her dog, a 2-year-old German Shepherd named Riddick, (26) her up with his panicked barks. After (27) there was a fire, Riddick helped guide Karina to the (28) . "She went down the landing, but because there were already (29) all around, the dog got (30) and went back up and would not come down," said Martinez. " (31) , she couldn't get Riddick to come back down and he (32) before firefighters could rescue him."
"The great Greenville City Fire Department did something to their credit. They made the whole family feel (33) ," said Martinez, who was truly (34) when they went into the building and got back Riddick's body so they could give him a proper (35) .
21. A. sacrificing B. wasting C. risking D. treasuring
22. A. turned up B. fell back C. died down D. broke out
23. A. in peace B. in vain C. in chaos D. in surprise
24. A. delighted B. frightened C. puzzled D. depressed
25. A. idea B. problem C. wonder D. doubt
26. A. locked B. raised C. woke D. picked
27. A. realizing B. predicting C. declaring D. admitting
28. A. passage B. bedroom C. recovery D. safety
29. A. flames B. stairs C. tears D. cheers
30. A. excited B. scared C. amazed D. annoyed
31. A. Gradually B. Apparently C. Possibly D. Unluckily
32. A. passed away B. went out C. pulled through D. sat around
33. A. shocked B. relieved C. disappointed D. confused
34. A. thoughtful B. powerful C. thankful D. hopeful
35. A. shelter B. appearance C. burial D. examination
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. The United States has many symbols—the bald eagle, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, and others—but one symbol (1) stands out for those coming to the United States from another country is the Statue of Liberty. In fact, this statue is a monument to freedom and (2) (easy) recognizable all over the world.
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, came up (3) the idea for the Statue of Liberty. (4) (know) how large he wanted the statue to be, he enlisted(争取) Gustave Eiffel, (5) (design) of the Eiffel Tower to help him create the structure of the statue. The statue (6) (give) to the United States in 1886 by the people of France as a gesture of friendship.
The Statue of Liberty, (7) (construct) entirely in France, traveled by boat from France to New York Harbor. Standing in New York Harbor welcoming immigrants, visitors and those returning to the United States after traveling abroad, the statue is about 305 feet tall, including the pedestal. It is one of the first items (8) (vision) when people are flying to beautiful New York.
The Statue of Liberty is a robed woman, who appears to be stepping forward with her left foot stepping on broken shackles(镣铐). She holds (9) torch in one hand, symbolizing enlightenment. The tablet made of stone in her left hand (10) (represent) knowledge.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假定你是高中学生李华，你校英文报“文学”版块正面向全体学生征稿，请你针对某部书籍或戏剧作品进行投稿，内容包括：
(1)作品名字和作者；
(2)作品的主要内容；
(3)你从中获得的启示。
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Living in the countryside
When lockdowns descended upon many countries across the world during the pandemic, social media seemed to be dominated by pictures of cottages and village life. So, why is living in the countryside becoming a modern fantasy—and are there benefits of considering a slower pace of life It makes sense that some people would want to give up the crowded and noisy city streets for the perceived tranquility(宁静) of the traditional country life—especially during an event like a pandemic. But it's not just about having a greener place to look at out your window．
There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living. Villages aren't normally subject to the stop-go traffic we see in city centers, the buses fighting with taxis for dominance, or metro systems with trains that scream from one station to the next. In short, there's less noise and air pollution in the countryside. You also get more opportunities to take long walks and see the sights, meaning you can get more exercise. Less noise, more walks and better air can also lead to less stress and an increased life expectancy(预期寿命), according to studies such as one conducted by the British government in 2012.
However, there are some things that need to be considered. Loneliness can be a large drawback when it comes to moving to the countryside. Living far from the hustle and bustle of the city means that some people may feel isolated or even lonely. And as people get older, life far from doctors or public transport could become a bit of a challenge.
So, if you're considering a change of pace and moving to a picturesque village, there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
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答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了萧伯纳的几部戏剧。
根据Heartbreak House部分中的Set in England during World War I可知，Heartbreak House的创作背景是在一战期间，故选B。
2. 根据Major Barbara部分中的She shows her love for the poor and struggles to help them get rid of poverty and fights against armament manufacturers such as her wealthy father.（她表现出对穷人的爱，努力帮助他们摆脱贫困，并与她富有的父亲这样的军火制造商进行斗争。）可知，在这部剧中女主角表现出对穷人的爱且努力帮助他们摆脱贫困并对抗军火制造商，故选C。
3. 根据Saint Joan部分中的Shaw felt that this powerful historical drama represented his best work. The play tells the famous story of Joan of Arc. （萧伯纳认为这部强有力的历史剧代表了他最好的作品。该剧讲述了圣女贞德的著名故事。）可知，萧伯纳认为Saint Joan是他最好的作品，这部历史剧讲述了Joan of Arc的故事，故选A。
4~7.【答案】B、D、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了10岁的Selah在父亲的陪同下，借助一些特殊装备和绳索，在经历了5天的大岩壁攀登后，于6月12日登上了埃尔卡皮坦山顶的故事。
根据第二段中的Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love on this 3,000-plus-foot huge rock and she has always wanted to feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together. （她的父母迈克和乔伊·施奈特爱上了这块3000多英尺高的巨石，她一直想感受父母在一起时的感受。）可知，Selah从她的家族史中受到启发。故选B。
2. 根据第三段内容（El Capitan是约塞米蒂国家公园中一块著名的山石。达到顶峰绝非易事。El Capitan以其艰难的鼻子路线，从岩石表面的中心向上延伸超过3000英尺，被认为是世界上最难的大型攀岩之一，并随着时间的推移吸引了最好的攀岩者。但之前从未有一个年轻人做到这一点。）可知，攀登埃尔卡皮坦山是士分艰难的。故本段是为了强调攀登El Capitan的挑战。故选D。
3. 根据第五段中的There were a few times when I would be so worn that it would kind of discourage me from holding on. But overall, it was just great to keep plugging away.（有几次，我会非常疲惫，以至于有点不愿意坚持下去。但总的来说，继续努力是件好事。）可知，Selah是有决心的。故选A。
4. 根据文章最后一段中的It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it.（做这样的事不一定需要一个特别的人。你只要用心去做就行了。）可知，Selah给其他年轻攀登者的建议是坚定自己的雄心抱负。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、C、C、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要解读四分钟跑完一英里的纪录多年没被打破的原因以及给人们带来的启示。
根据第一段中的But it was not until... but an innovator and a great success（但直到我决定为我的《几乎是激进的》一书撰写关于他的文章，并阅读了英国记者兼赛跑运动员约翰·布莱恩特（John Bryant）对他激动人心的冒险经历的精彩描述，我才明白，他不仅是上个世纪最伟大的运动员之一，而且是一位创新者和巨大的成功。）可知，作者直到写书时才认识到Roger Bannister是一个什么样的人，故选D。
2. 根据画线词前的the challenge involved the most brilliant coaches and gifted athletes（挑战涉及最优秀的教练和天才运动员）和For years runners had been struggling against the clock（多年来，跑步者一直在与时间抗争）以及画线词后的a psychological barrier（心理障碍）和an unconquerable mountain（不可战胜的大山）可知，“四分钟障碍”是难以打破的。elusive意为“难实现的”。故选C。
3. 根据第三段中的The experts believed that the mark would fall only when it would have to be in perfect weather—68 degrees Fahrenheit(68 °F) and no wind, and on a particular kind of track—hard, dry clay—and in front of a huge, cheerful crowd urging the runner on. （专家们认为，只有在天气完美的情况下——68华氏度（68华氏度）且无风的情况下，在一种特殊的坚硬干燥的粘土跑道上，在一大群欢快的人群催促下，成绩才会下降。）可知，专家们认为只有在一定的条件下纪录才可能被打破。故选C。
4. 根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的Two Wharton School professors explained that what changed was the mental model... impossible.（沃顿商学院的两位教授解释说，改变的是思维模式。过去的跑步者被一种认为他们不能超过四分钟一英里的心态所束缚。当这个限制被打破时，其他人看到他们可以做一些他们以前认为不可能的事情。）可知，是思维禁锢了人们的行为，人们应该挣脱传统思想的束缚。故选B。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机。
1. 根据第二段中Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic（而不是用塑料等材料制作物体）可知，这款3D生物打印机与传统的3D打印机的最主要的区别在于用于打印的原材料不同。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink.（最大的挑战是寻找细胞来培养和创造所需的生物墨水。）可知，在太空使用3D生物打印机的最大困难是找到细胞来培育和创造所需的“生物墨水”，即打印的原材料。故选A。
3. 根据最后一段中Instead, a 3D bioprinting capability will let them respond to medical emergencies as they arise.（取而代之的是，3D生物打印功能可以让他们在出现医疗紧急情况时做出反应。）推知，Tommaso Ghidini对3D生物打印机持赞同的态度。故选B。
4. 通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机。故D项（3D生物打印机能造福火星宇航员吗？）适合作文章的标题。故选D。
16~20.【答案】C、A、D、F、G
【解析】1. 【文章带】本文通过研究者的发现和作者自身的故事告诉读者：感恩有益于身心健康。
根据空前的 But not only that—being thankful might just be exactly what you need to do if you're going through a tough time.（但不仅如此，如果你正在经历一段艰难的时期，感恩可能正是你需要做的。）可知，C项（感恩对你的思想、身体和灵魂有好处）是对空前句的原因说明，C项起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。
2. 本段讲述研究者发现感恩对人们的健康有益。A项中的health benefits与上文中的strengthen one's immune system, lower blood pressure, improve sleep and motivate people to exercise regularly（增强免疫系统，降低血压，改善睡眠，激励人们定期锻炼）相照应。故选A。
3. 根据空前的Having gone through a period of depression myself...can be severe（10年前癌症手术后，我自己也经历了一段抑郁时期，我可以告诉你，这种疾病可能很严重。）可知，作者用10年前抑郁的经历说明这种病可能会很严重。D项（抑郁会让你觉得自己好像死了一样）是进一步的说明。故选D。
4. 根据空前的One thing recommended to me by a counselor was keeping a gratitude journal. （一位顾问向我推荐的一件事是写一本感恩日记。）可知，一位顾问向作者推荐写感恩日记。F项（每天，我都会写下三件我在生活中感激的事情）举例说明具体做法。故选F。
5. 根据全文内容以及本段大意可知，本段既是上一段的总结，也是全文的总结。G项（现在我意识到抑郁并不是通过一次锻炼就能消除的。）适合作本段的主题句。故选G。
21~35.【答案】A、D、C、B、A、C、A、D、A、B、D、A、B、C、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一个两岁的小狗牺牲自己救女孩儿的故事。
句意：对于一只北卡罗来纳州的狗来说，这意味着为了拯救他最好的朋友而牺牲自己的生命。sacrificing牺牲；wasting浪费；risking冒……的危险；treasuring珍藏，珍惜。 根据最后一段中的they went into the building and got back Riddick's body可知，小狗牺牲了自己的生命。故选A。
2. 句意：上周六上午，一栋公寓楼发生致命火灾。turned up出现；fell back后退；died down逐渐变弱；broke out突然开始，爆发。根据下文可知，一幢公寓突然失火了，故选D。
3. 句意：马克·马丁内斯说：“我妻子接到一个电话，电话里一片混乱，因为她用了扬声器，我女儿非常害怕，她尖叫着说公寓着火了。”起火时，马克·马丁内斯的女儿卡丽娜正在公寓里睡觉。in peace安静地；in vain徒劳无益；in chaos一片混乱；in surprise惊讶地。根据下文中的because she had...on fire可知，此时是一片混乱（in chaos）。故选C。
4. 句意同上。delighted高兴的；frightened受惊的，害怕的；puzzled困惑的，无法理解的；depressed沮丧的。根据下文中的she was screaming that the apartment was on fire可知，女孩儿非常害怕。故选B。
5. 句意：卡丽娜睡着了，不知道自己的生命有危险，直到她的狗——一只名叫里德克的两岁德国牧羊犬——惊慌失措地把她吵醒。 idea想法，主意；problem问题；wonder惊讶，惊奇；doubt怀疑。根据上文中的Karina was asleep可知，她不知道自己有生命危险。have no idea意为“不知道”。故选A。
6. 句意同上。lock sb. up把某人关进监狱；raise sb. up举起某人；wake sb. up叫醒某人； pick sb. up接某人。根据句意可知，小狗惊慌失措的叫声唤醒了女孩儿。故选C。
7. 句意：在意识到发生火灾后，里德克帮助引导卡丽娜到安全的地方。realizing意识到；predicting预测；declaring宣布； admitting承认。根据句意可知，意识到发生了火灾之后，小狗引导女孩儿到了安全的地方，故选A。
8. 句意同上。passage通道，走廊；bedroom卧室；recovery痊愈，监护室；safety安全处所。根据常识可知，火灾时应该转移到安全的地方。故选D。
9. 句意：她走下楼梯平台，但因为周围已经有火焰，这只狗吓了一跳，又爬了上去，不肯下来。flames火焰；stairs楼梯；tears眼泪；cheers欢呼声。根据下文中的went back up and would not come down可推断出，此时已经是一片火海了。故选A。
10. 句意同上。excited激动的；scared害怕的；amazed惊讶的；annoyed生气。根据句意可知，小狗因为害怕不愿意下来，故选B。
11. 句意：不幸的是，她没能让里德克回来，他在消防员营救他之前就去世了。Gradually逐渐地；Apparently显然；Possibly可能。Unluckily不幸的是。根据下文可知，小狗被火烧死了。unluckily“不幸的是”，符合语境。故选D。
12. 句意同上。passed away 去世；went out出去，熄灭；pulled through度过难关；sat around围坐。根据最后一段中的got back Riddick's body知，小狗死了，故选A。
13. 句意：马丁内斯说：“伟大的格林维尔市消防局为他们做了一些值得赞扬的事情。他们让全家人都感到安慰。”当他们走进大楼，找回里德克的尸体，以便给它一个像样的葬礼时，马丁内斯真的很感激。shocked震惊的；relieved宽慰的；disappointed失望的；confused困惑的。根据句意可知，消防队员的做法让一家人感到宽慰。故选B。
14. 句意同上。thoughtful体贴的；powerful强大的；thankful感谢的；hopeful抱有希望的。根据下文中的they went into the building and got back Riddick s body可知，女孩儿的父亲非常感激消防队员。故选C。
15. 句意同上。shelter庇护所；appearance外表；burial葬礼；examination考试。此处表示为小狗举行像样的葬礼，故选C。
36.【答案】【小题1】
that/which
【小题2】
easily
【小题3】
with
【小题4】
Knowing
【小题5】
designer
【小题6】
was given
【小题7】
constructed
【小题8】
visible
【小题9】
a
【小题10】
represents
【解析】1. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且指代先行词one symbol，故填that/which。
2. 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词recognizable，应用副词；提示词easy的副词形式是easily，译为“容易地”，符合题意。故填easily。
3. 考查介词。come up with意为“想出，想到”，固定短语。故填with。
4. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词，主语he与know之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing作状语，应填knowing。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Knowing。
5. 考查词形转换。分析句子可知，此处作Gustave Eiffel的同位语，指的是“埃菲尔铁塔的设计者”，故用名词形式。故填designer。
6. 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，主语The statue与谓语动词give之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且根据空后的in 1886可知，应用一般过去时。故此处是一般过去时的被动语态，故填was given。
7. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词；The Statue of Liberty与construct之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的-ed形式作定语。故填constructed。
8. 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词，作后置定语修饰items；visible形容词，意为“看得见的”符合句意。故填visible。
9. 考查冠词。torch手电筒，可数名词，此处表示泛指，且torch的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
10. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，故应用一般现在时；主语为The tablet是单数形式，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填represents。
37.【答案】 The Blue Bird is a six-act play for children by Maurice Maeterlinck. In a fairy-tale-like setting, Tyltyl and Mytyl, the son and daughter of a poor woodcutter, are sent by the Fairy Bérylune to search the world for the Blue Bird of Happiness. After many adventures, they find it in their own backyard.
①What the play tells us is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries, but in simple things that are found in family life, as well as in acts of friendship and kindness.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题是针对某部书籍或戏剧作品进行投稿。写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏要点，适当添加细节，以充实文章内容。尽量使用高级词汇和高级句型，同时要使用合适的衔接词，让文章看起来有条理。
【亮点词汇】
①fairy-tale-like setting空灵的童话般的场景
②search...for...寻找.....
③luxuries奢侈品
④as well as也，以及，此外
【高分句型】
①What the play tells us is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries, but in simple things that are found in family life, as well as in acts of friendship and kindness.（what引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句；that引导的定语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：作品的名字和作者
中心：作品的主要内容
结尾：获得的启示
【拓展词汇】
①deepen加深
②inspire启发
③enrich one's knowledge丰富某人的知识
【拓展句型】
①Read some materials concerning about ..., which plays an extremely significant role in Chinese literature.阅读有关……的材料，……在中国文学中起着极其重要的作用。
②Considering the fact that I have a very limited knowledge of ..., your introduction will surely help me appreciate it better.鉴于我对……了解有限，你的介绍一定能帮助我更好的欣赏它。
38.【答案】 People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. （要点1）The benefits include less noise, better air, more exercise and better overall health. （要点2）However, the disadvantages are senses of isolation and having little access to public services. （要点3）Thus, you had better think twice before moving to the countryside.（要点4）
【解析】【思路点拨】
【解题思路】
本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是住在农村的好处和坏处。
要点1：主要讲述疫情期间有些人想放弃拥挤和嘈杂的城市街道，去感受宁静乡村。主题句为：When lockdowns descended upon many countries across the world during the pandemic, social media seemed to be dominated by pictures of cottages and village life.
要点2：主要讲述了农村生活的好处。主题句为：There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living.
要点3：主要讲述了农村生活的缺点。主题句为： However, there are some things that need to be considered.
要点4：主要讲述了搬到农村生活要综合利弊。主题句为：if you're considering a change of pace and moving to a picturesque village, there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
【结构衔接】
要点2和要点3之间为转折关系，可用衔接词：however, though, nevertheless等；
要点4为对全文的总结，可用衔接词thus，therefore, in conclusion等。
【亮点词汇】
①appeal有吸引力
②overall health整体健康
③have access to能接近.......
④think twice慎重考虑
【高分句型】
①People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. （find it+adj.+to do sth.句型）
②However, the disadvantages are senses of isolation and having little access to public services. （动词的-ing形式作主语）
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
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