外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics单元能力提升（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics单元能力提升（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-23 16:02:40 | ||
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Unit 4 Everyday economics
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
SHARK CONSERVATION IN SOUTH AFRICA Take a two-week trip that you will never forget as a volunteer with sharks on a beautiful stretch of South Africa's coastline. Head out to sea to witness one of the world's most powerful (and most misunderstood) creatures on this inspiring project, enjoying watching them from both above and below water.
The DAY-BY-DAY schedule
Day 1: Arrive in Cape Town on a Sunday. You will be collected from the airport and spend your first night in a guest house in the city centre.
Day 2: You will be collected bright and early from the guest house and taken down to the project. The drive takes about 90 minutes. You will receive a welcome and head out to sea to witness your first sharks!
Day 3+: Most days you will be out on the boat with the sharks, depending on weather. Help out with the full range of tasks on the boats, and in conservation initiatives on land too.
Last day: On the final day of your project you will be taken back to Cape Town for your onward travel.
The price is ￡ 829, including the voluntary work programme with accommodations, airport transfers, one night in a guest house in Cape Town, breakfasts daily and lunches when on the boats. Your trip can be extended at a cost of ￡ 375 per week.
It is an amazing experience! Some volunteers planned to stay for 4 weeks, extended to 6 weeks and still didn't want to come home. If you'd like to chat about this holiday or need help, we're very happy to help.
Call us at 01273 823 700.
Email us at rosy@ .
1. When will you really begin your shark watching trip
A. On a Friday. B. On a Saturday. C. On a Sunday. D. On a Monday.
2. What will you probably do on the third day if weather permits
A. Sail on the ocean. B. Return to Cape Town.
C. Buy some souvenirs. D. Dive with sharks.
3. How much will you spend on a three-week shark conservation trip
A. ￡ 375. B. ￡ 750. C. ￡ 829. D. ￡ 1,204.
B
There's a little restaurant in a small Alabama town where there's no cash register and no prices, just a whole lot of soul and soul food. At Drexell & Honeybee's in downtown Brewton near the Florida border, the menu changes daily, but there's always a hearty selection of Southern dishes to enjoy: fried chicken and cornbread often show up at lunchtime from Tuesday to Thursday.
What makes this place special No matter how down on their luck a person is, they never have to worry about having no money for their lunch. Once you've finished your dessert—a blueberry cobbler, perhaps —you just leave whatever you can in a private booth near the restaurant entrance, even if that's just a little thank-you note.
The owners, a husband and wife team—Freddie and Lisa Thomas-McMillan—make no profit from their restaurant. Lisa once said, "Whatever needs people have, if we can help them, we will. It's our chief mission."
100% of the donations go back into serving people food. "It's a feeling of great happiness when knowing that the customers leave with a full stomach, a full heart, and the understanding that you're loved and worthy of love." Through the years, she's run a food bank. She's opened her home to the needy. She says it may have started in the second grade when she learned a powerful lesson about sharing from a little girl who always had a better sandwich, but shared it happily with Lisa in a daily trade. Of course, the pandemic has made running a restaurant a little more tricky in recent months. "But we figured out a way to do to-go orders and keep everyone safe. It is working out very well. We feel proud to be able to do what we do, with the COVID-19 pandemic affecting so many people."
4. What characteristic does Drexell & Honeybee's have
A. It requires no payment.
B. It has no menu or waiters.
C. It serves regular food every day.
D. It has the best dessert in Alabama.
5. What does the restaurant aim to do according to Lisa
A. Advertise the cuisine. B. Feed the needy.
C. Return a girl s kindness D. Encourage donations.
6. What does the underlined word "tricky" probably mean
A. Annoying. B. Unforgettable. C. Significant. D. Tough.
7. Which of the following best describes Lisa
A. Helpful and kind-hearted. B. Creative and ambitious.
C. Determined and positive. D. Grateful and respectable.
C
It was once a shoreline buried by enough garbage to make it invisible, thus, given the unfortunate nickname "toilet bowl". Now the Philippines' Manila Bay beach is totally different, compared with a few months ago. It happened so suddenly and extremely that it brought tears to the eyes of the local people.
The clean-up started on 27 January, when 5,000 volunteers descended on Manila Bay to remove over 45 tons of garbage, marking the beginning of a nationwide environmental campaign. But some two months before this great movement began, a quiet revolution was already underway.
During the first week of December 2018, Brooklyn-based Bounties Network collected three tons of garbage from Manila Bay over two days through a project that paid a small group of people, mostly fishermen, with a digital currency based on the Ethereum system.
For the most non-bank-using Filipino fishermen, this was a first-ever experience with a digital currency. It's one that proves decisive in enabling poor communities around the world to take up arms in the fight against humanity's waste. There are signs that this recycling-for-digital-payment industry may be just about to take off. Earlier in September 2018, Plastic Bank, a Vancouver-based company powered by IBM technology, also started a similar project. They set up a project in Naga, a town in southern Luzon, the country's largest island, building a collection point to let people exchange plastic and recyclable materials for digital payouts through a system.
That both these pioneers have chosen the Philippines as their first location is not surprising considering the country's contribution to ocean waste. A study in The Wall Street Journal in 2015 revealed that the Philippines make the third-largest amount of plastic waste into global oceans.
8. Why did people call Manila Bay "toilet bowl"
A. It looked like a huge bowl.
B. It was covered by rubbish.
C. It was characterized by special toilets.
D. It functioned as a waste treatment plant.
9. What does the underlined phrase "descended on "in paragraph 2 mean
A. Suddenly arrived at. B. Completely depended on.
C. Occasionally looked around. D. Gradually disappeared from.
10. What made poor communities willing to fight against waste
A. The benefits to their homeland.
B. The desire to make a difference.
C. The chance to escape ocean pollution.
D. The experience with digital money.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. An Online System Helps End Ocean Pollution
B. Filipinos Contribute to Ocean Protection
C. Plastic Bank Is Powerful in Recycling Ocean Waste
D. Digital Revolution Pushes the Reuse of Plastic Waste
D
Much of my work as a coach includes helping people make an important decision, such as "If I'm at a crossroads in my career, which path should I follow " "If I'm considering offers, which one should I accept "
Difficult decisions like these remind me of a comment made by Scott McNealy, once the CEO of Sun Microsystems, during a lecture while I was at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. When asked how he made decisions and responded, he said, "It's important to make good decisions. But I spend much less time and energy worrying about making the right decision and much more time and energy ensuring that any decision I make turns out right."
In fact, before we make any decisions, particularly those difficult ones, we're anxious to focus on identifying the "best" option because of the risk of being "wrong". But a side effect of that mindset(观念模式) is that we pay too much attention to the moment of choice and lose sight of everything that follows. It's what happens next that finally determines whether a given decision is "right".
Another aspect of this mindset is that our focus on making the "right" decision can easily lead to paralysis(能力的完全丧失) because the options we're choosing among are so difficult to rank in the first place. How can we definitively determine in advance what career path will be "the best", or what job offer we should accept Obviously, we can't.
Focusing on the effort after our decision not only helps us succeed, but also reminds us that we play a role in every outcome. Our control should be in our day-to-day activities rather than in our one-time decision.
12. What is the author's job
A. To help people make a vital choice.
B. To tell people to adapt to a new life.
C. To teach people to choose good careers.
D. To advise people to ask for a high salary.
13. What can we infer from Scott McNealy's words
A. He is confused to make decisions.
B. He enjoys the decision-making process.
C. He tries to make his decision right ultimately.
D. He weighs the pros and cons before making decisions.
14. Why are most people anxious about making an important decision
A. They are given too much advice.
B. They lose sight of the original aim.
C. They can't figure out their advantages.
D. They worry about the undesired result.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. How to make the right decision.
B. How to help others make a choice.
C. Stopping worrying about making the right decision.
D. Believing in yourself and choosing your favourite.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
The Ironman triathlon, which originated in the US state of Hawaii in 1978, is a three-sport competition that combines running, biking, and swimming. Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles during one day of the race. (1) The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons.
The initial Hawaii event drew just 15 participants. In following years and decades, hundreds of athletes signed up for the 17-hour competition. Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors in extreme heat, strong winds, and sometimes rain. (2)
Those participating in an Ironman triathlon begin training at least four to six months in advance. Typically, three to eight hours a day are devoted to training in all three sports during the week, with one or two days of rest each week. (3) It is common for athletes to run, bike and swim three to four times the race amount in one week. Many join clubs or train with partners.
Much energy, perseverance, and psychological strength are needed to complete the Ironman triathlon. At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion, according to world championship data. (4) Although the Ironman competition draws mostly young competitors, some are in their 60s, 70s and occasionally, 80s. Men and women are allowed to compete.
(5) Many sustain their energy by devoting 40 percent of their diet to carbohydrates. Protein typically makes up 30 percent of nutrition for competitors. Fat intake can be as high as 30 percent.
A. Even finishers often suffer injuries.
B. Diet is very important for triathletes.
C. This intense schedule makes the athletes powerful.
D. There is generally no break between the sports activities.
E. Athletes have to reduce their food intake on the big day.
F. Modern-day versions of the event follow that outdoor tradition.
G. Competing would give you drive and determination that carry into your life.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A 30-year-old woman from California is being called a hero for saving a stranger's life by donating one of her kidneys to him.
At the beginning of 2018, Jessica made a special new year (21) —to save someone's life. In San Francisco, writer David had almost given up the (22) of finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years, and was coming to terms with the idea of (23) . But he decided to give it one more try and posted an ad online. (24) , Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise and (25) him.
Considering what David had been (26) under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism. Even after they met, David couldn't believe he would get another (27) of life. But then he got confirmation that Jessica was a (28) and was asked to schedule the surgery. After two months of (29) preparation, Jessica and David went into surgery together, and she gave him a part of herself so that he could (30) living.
Now both of them are (31) from the operation. Although this kind of surgery carries a (32) , they both focus on the positive fact that the operation was (33) and both have found a friend for life. "He'll (34) be my friend for life. He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice," Jessica jokingly said, (35) that they determine to go backpacking together soon.
21. A. present B. celebration C. decision D. survey
22. A. freedom B. hope C. job D. approach
23. A. sharing B. winning C. escaping D. dying
24. A. Luckily B. Gradually C. Naturally D. Clearly
25. A. contacted B. licensed C. believed D. recognized
26. A. seeing through B. going through C. longing for D. searching for
27. A. chance B. way C. purpose D. challenge
28. A. patient B. match C. friend D. sponsor
29. A. excellent B. important C. careful D. simple
30. A. appreciate B. enjoy C. miss D. continue
31. A. suffering B. learning C. returning D. recovering
32. A. virus B. risk C. result D. disease
33. A. thoughtful B. typical C. successful D. practical
34. A. definitely B. happily C. quickly D. proudly
35. A. promising B. adding C. insisting D. ordering
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Singing is one of those universal actions that everyone can do for fun, regardless of how they sound. According to recent studies (1) (conduct) at Goethe University Frankfurt, singing can be actually helpful to your immune system. The study focused (2) a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies(抗体) was (3) (obvious) higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely (4) (get) sick.
Singing actually is the perfect physical exercise for people who are injured, disabled or elderly. Not only (5) (do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation. This can lead to better results when people hit the gym thanks to the person's increased aerobic(有氧的) capacity and newfound physical or mental strength.
The simple truth is that singing makes you happy. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), a chemical (6) reduces pain and makes you feel (7) (happy) and less stressed.
People who sing, especially in choirs and on the stage are known to have better social skills and be less lonely. (8) (stand) on the stage and performing can be tough, (9) when you do it in a group, it can help improve your sense of self as well as increase your (10) (confident).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom在给你的邮件中提到他对中国的移动支付（mobile payment）很感兴趣，请你给Tom回复邮件并作简要介绍。
注意：词数80左右。
参考词汇：微信WeChat 支付宝Alipay 二维码QR code
Dear Tom,
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Recently, a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think. One of the things he asks his students to do is keep a record of every penny they spend for a week. From the way they spend their money, they often see what they really value in life.
He says our relations with others often become clearly defined when money enters the picture. You might have a wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn't. This person may say that he has a certain feeling, but if it is not carried out in the money world, there is something less real about it.
Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important. The author interviewed some millionaires in researching his book. Question: What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich, because you are a self-made(白手起家的) man Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much respect. I am nothing. I don't know much. All I am is rich.
People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for How much do I need for any given purposes in my life In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
_______________________________________________________________
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答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、A、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍到南非进行的保护鲨鱼的志愿者之旅及其行程安排。
根据Day 1部分中的Arrive in Cape Town on a Sunday.（周日抵达开普敦。）和Day 2部分中的You will be collected bright and early from the guest house and taken down to the project. The drive takes about 90 minutes. You will receive a welcome and head out to sea to witness your first sharks!（你将被提前从宾馆接走，带到项目现场。开车大约需要90分钟。你将受到欢迎，并出海见证你的第一条鲨鱼！）可知，周日到达目的地，但真正的鲨鱼观赏之旅是在周一。故选D。
2. 根据Day 3+部分Most days you will be out on the boat with the sharks, depending on weather. （大多数时候，你会和鲨鱼一起出海，这取决于天气。）可知，如果天气条件允许的话，第三天可以在海上航行。故选A。
3. 根据文中的Take a two-week trip；The price is ￡ 829； Your trip can be extended at a cost of ￡ 375 per week.（两周的旅行费用是829英镑，之后每延长一周，费用增加375英镑。）可知，因此三周的旅行费用是1204英镑。故选D。
4~7.【答案】A、B、D、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了亚拉巴马州的一个小餐馆。这家餐馆没有收银机，也没有价格，却给需要的人提供食物。
根据第二段中的they never have to worry about having no money for their lunch（他们从来不用担心没有钱吃午饭）和leave whatever you can in a private booth near the restaurant entrance, even if that's just a little thank-you note.（你只要把能放的东西放在靠近餐厅入口的私人隔间里，即使那只是一张小小的感谢信。）可知，这家餐馆是不需要食客付款的。故选A。
2. 根据第三段中的Whatever needs people have, if we can help them, we will. It's our chief mission（无论人们有什么需要，只要我们能帮助他们，我们都会帮助他们。这是我们的主要任务）可知，这个餐馆的主要目的是给需要的人提供食物。故选B。
3. 根据画线词后的句子But we figured out a way to do to-go orders and keep everyone safe. It is working out very well. We feel proud to be able to do what we do, with the COVID-19 pandemic affecting so many people.（但我们想出了一个办法既能保证所有人的安全又能保证外卖。结果很好。在2019冠状病毒影响到这么多人的情况下，我们为做我们能够所做的事情感到自豪。）可知，画线词所在句与下文形成转折，再结合上文中的running a restaurant的语境可知，画线词与D项意义相符，意为“难办的，难对付的”。故选D。
4. 根据第三段中的Whatever needs people have, if we can help them, we will. It's our chief mission.（无论人们有什么需要，只要我们能帮助他们，我们都会帮助他们。这是我们的主要任务。）和第四段中的Through the years, she's run a food bank. She's opened her home to the needy（这些年来，她经营着一家食物赈济处。她向需要帮助的人敞开了家门）等可知，Lisa是一个愿意帮助人的、善良的人。故选A。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了数字货币让更多贫困社区的人们参与到清理拉圾，保护海洋环境的运动中来。
根据第一段中的It was once a shoreline buried by enough garbage to make it invisible, thus, given the unfortunate nickname "toilet bowl". （它曾经是一个被大量垃圾掩埋的海岸线，因此有了一个不幸的绰号“抽水马桶”）可知， Manila Bay被称为toilet bowl的原因就是因为被垃圾掩埋。故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的The clean-up started on 27 January, when 5,000 volunteers descended on Manila Bay to remove over 45 tons of garbage, marking the beginning of a nationwide environmental campaign. （清理工作始于1月27日，当时5000名志愿者descended on马尼拉湾清理超过45吨的垃圾，标志着全国范围的环保运动的开始）中clean-up started，5,000 volunteers和on Manila Bay to remove over 45 tons of garbage等词语可推知，27日志愿者来到马尼拉湾清理垃圾，descended on意为“突然大批来访”。故选A。
3. 根据第四段中的For the most non-bank-using Filipino fishermen, this was a first-ever experience with a digital currency. It's one that proves decisive in enabling poor communities around the world to take up arms in the fight against humanity's waste. （对于大多数不使用银行的菲律宾渔民来说，这是他们第一次使用数字货币。事实证明，它在让世界各地的贫困社区拿起武器打击人类废物方面起到了决定性作用。）可知，是数字货币让贫困社区的人愿意参与到与垃圾的斗争中来。故选D。
4. 通读全文可知，本文介绍了数字货币让更多贫困社区的人们参与到清理垃圾，保护海洋环境的运动中来。故选A。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】很多人难以作出一些重大决定，因为他们总是担忧没有出现自己想要的结果。这篇文章告诉我们更应该关注所作出的努力，而不是一次性的抉择。
根据第一段中的Much of my work as a coach includes helping people make an important decision（作为教练，我的大部分工作包括帮助人们做出重要决定）可知，作者的主要职责就是帮助别人作重要的决定。故选A。
2. 根据第二段中的It's important to make good decisions. But I spend much less time and energy worrying about making the right decision and much more time and energy ensuring that any decision I make turns out right.（做出正确的决定很重要。但我花更少的时间和精力担心做出正确的决定，花更多的时间和精力确保我做出的任何决定都是正确的。）可知，Scott McNealy并没有花太多的时间和精力担心作出正确的选择，但在确保自己所作的决定最终是正确的方面花了很多时间和精力。故选C。
3. 根据第三段第一句In fact, before we make any decisions, particularly those difficult ones, we're anxious to focus on identifying the "best" option because of the risk of being "wrong". （事实上，在我们做出任何决定之前，尤其是那些困难的决定之前，我们急于确定“最佳”选项，因为存在“错误”的风险。）可知，很多人在作出重要的决定之前都很担心会出现他们不希望看到的结果。故选D。
4. 很多人难以作出一些重大决定，因为他们总是担忧没有出现自己想要的结果，根据文章最后一段第一句Focusing on the effort after our decision not only helps us succeed, but also reminds us that we play a role in every outcome.（在我们做出决定后，专注于努力不仅有助于我们成功，而且提醒我们，我们在每一个结果中都发挥着作用。）可知，告诉我们更应该关注所作出的努力，而不是担忧作出的决定是否正确。故选C。
16~20.【答案】D、F、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了铁人三项赛的构成以及运动员的训练强度等。
根据上文中的Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles（参加者游泳2.4英里，自行车112英里，跑步26.2英里）和下文中的The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons（在大多数铁人三项比赛中，游泳——自行车——跑步的顺序是一致的）可知，本段是在介绍铁人三项赛的内容，D项（体育活动之间一般没有休息。）符合题意。故选D。
2. 根据上文中的Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors可知，最初这项运动是在户外进行的，F项（现代版本的活动遵循户外传统。）符合语境。故选F。
3. 根据上文中的Typically, three to eight hours a day are devoted to training in all three sports during the week, with one or two days of rest each week.（通常情况下，在一周的时间里，每天花费3到8个小时时间去练习所有三种运动的训练，每周休息一两天。)可知，运动员日程安排很紧张，故C项（紧张的日程安排使运动员们变得强大。）符合语境。故选C。
4. 根据上文中的At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion（至少有10%的铁人三项运动员在完成比赛之前就放弃了），A项（即使完成比赛的选手也经常受伤）与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A。
5. 根据下文Many sustain their energy by devoting 40 percent of their diet to carbohydrates. Protein typically makes up 30 percent of nutrition for competitors. Fat intake can be as high as 30 percent.（许多人40%的饮食来自于碳水化合物来维持能量。蛋白质通常占竞争对手营养的30%。脂肪摄入量可高达30%。）可知，本段讲的是运动员的饮食方面，故B项（饮食对铁人三项运动员来说非常重要。）能概括本段的内容。故选B。
21~35.【答案】C、B、D、A、A、B、A、B、C、D、D、B、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了Jessica无偿捐肾拯救作家David的故事。
句意：2018年初，杰西卡做出了一个特殊的新年决定，要拯救某人的生命。A.present礼物；B.celebration庆祝活动；C.decision决定；D.survey调查。根据下文中的Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise可知，在2018年年初，Jessica作出了一个特别的新年决定：拯救某人的生命。故选C。
2. 句意：在旧金山，作家大卫在经历了7年的肾衰竭后，几乎放弃了寻找肾脏捐赠者的希望，并开始接受死亡的想法。A.freedom自由；B.hope希望；C.job工作；D.approach方法。根据下文中的finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years可知，David患肾衰竭七年了，他对找到肾脏捐献者已经几乎不抱什么希望了。故选B。
3. 句意同上。A.sharing分享；B.winning获胜；C.escaping逃离；D.dying死亡。根据上文中的coming to terms with可知，David打算向死亡妥协。故选D。
4. 句意：幸运的是，杰西卡正在寻找一个方法来履行她的承诺，并联系了他。A.Luckily幸运地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Naturally自然地；D.Clearly清楚地。根据上文中的But he decided to give it one more try及语境可知，幸运的是，Jessica正有帮助别人的打算。故选A。
5. 句意同上。A.contacted联系；B.licensed批准；C.believed相信；D.recognized认出。当Jessica看到了David寻找肾源的启事之后，她联系了David。故选A。
6. 句意：考虑到大卫在长期疾病中所经历的，很容易理解他的怀疑。A.seeing through看穿；B.going through经历；C.longing for渴望；D.searching for寻找。根据下文中的under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism可知，在患肾衰竭的七年里，David经历了许多。go through意为“经历（尤为艰难时期）”。故选B。
7. 句意：甚至在他们相遇之后，大卫都不敢相信他会得到另一个生命的机会。A.chance机会；B.way方式；C.purpose目的，意图；D.challenge挑战。根据上文内容并结合语境可知，David不敢相信他将得到再一次生存的机会。故选A。
8. 句意：但后来他得到确认，杰西卡与他匹配，并被要求安排手术时间。A.patient病人；B.match相配的人（或物）；C.friend朋友；D.sponsor赞助者。根据文章的内容和下文中的was asked to schedule the surgery可知，David得到确认，Jessica的肾适合他。故选B。
9. 句意：经过两个月的精心准备，杰西卡和大卫一起进了手术室，她把自己的一部分给了他，这样他才能继续活下去。A.excellent极好的；B.important重要的；C.careful仔细的；D.simple简单的。根据two months和preparation并结合语境可知，经过两个月的细致准备，Jessica和David一起进行了手术。故选C。
10. 句意同上。A.appreciate欣赏；B.enjoy喜欢；C.miss思念；D.continue继续。根据上文中的she gave him a part of herself可知，Jessica捐给David她的肾，所以他能继续活着。故选D。
11. 句意：现在两人都在手术后恢复中。A.suffering遭受；B.learning学习；C.returning归还；D.recovering回复。根据下文中的from the operation和they determine to go backpacking together soon可知，David和Jessica都在康复中。故选D。
12. 句意：虽然这种手术有风险，但他们都关注手术成功的积极事实，并且都找到了一个终生的朋友。A.virus病毒；B.risk危险；C.result结果；D.disease疾病。根据下文中的内容及常识可知，肾移植手术有一定的风险。故选B。
13. 句意同上。A.thoughtful体贴入微的，考虑周到的；B.typical典型的；C.successful成功的；D.practical真实的，实际的。根据文章的内容可知，他们的肾移植手术非常成功。故选C。
14. 句意：他肯定是我一生的朋友。A.definitely肯定地，当然；B.happily高兴地；C.quickly快速地；D.proudly骄傲地。根据下文中的He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice可知，Jessica开玩笑说David肯定会成为她终生的朋友，因为他的身上有自己的一部分。故选A。
15. 句意：“他拥有我的一部分，所以他没有选择，”杰西卡开玩笑说，并补充说他们决定很快一起去背包旅行。A.promising许诺；B.adding补充说；C.insisting坚持；D.ordering命令。根据上文中的Jessica jokingly said和下文的内容可知，Jessica补充说他们决定不久后一起背包旅行。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
conducted
【小题2】
on/upon
【小题3】
obviously
【小题4】
to get
【小题5】
does
【小题6】
which/that
【小题7】
happier
【小题8】
Standing
【小题9】
but
【小题10】
confidence
【解析】1. 考查非谓语动词。空处修饰前面的名词studies，且studies与conduct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词的-ed形式。故填conducted。
2. 考查介词。focus on/upon意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
3. 考查副词。空处修饰后面的形容词的比较级higher，所以用副词形式。故填obviously。
4. 考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，是固定用法。故填to get。
5. 考查主谓一致。这是由Not only引起的部分倒装，主语为singing，助动词应用does。故填does。
6. 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代前面的chemical并在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
7. 考查形容词的比较级。空处与后面的less stressed是并列关系，所以也用比较级。故填happier。
8. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与后面的performing并列作主语，故用动词-ing形式。句首单词的首字母要大写。故填Standing。
9. 考查连词。前面说站在舞台上表演可能会很难，后面讲述的是唱歌的好处，由此可知这里表示转折。故填but。
10. 考查名词。空处在句中作宾语，且有形容词性物主代词your修饰，故用名词形式。故填confidence。
37.【答案】Dear Tom,
In your letter you asked about mobile payment in China. It's my honor to introduce it to you.
①Mobile payment has been advocated around the world, which is a popular way to pay bills. In China, WeChat and Alipay are popular everywhere. ②Just scanning the QR code with a smartphone, people can easily pay for the items they need and even small business can be finished in this advanced way. It not only frees people from the trouble of bringing the cash but also saves them the time to pay bills, thus bringing much convenience to our life.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题为你的美国朋友Tom在给你的邮件中提到他对中国的移动支付（mobile payment）很感兴趣，请你给Tom回复邮件并作简要介绍。要点已给出，动笔前，应想好内容框架，而后用正确的单词和语法将内容表达清楚。时态以一般现在时为主。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①it's one's honor to... ......是某人的荣幸
②around the world全世界
③not only...but also...不仅......而且......
④bring much convenience to 带来很多方便
【高分句型】
①Mobile payment has been advocated around the world, which is a popular way to pay bills. （which引导的非限制性定语从句）
②Just scanning the QR code with a smartphone, people can easily pay for the items they need and even small business can be finished in this advanced way.（动词的-ing形式作状语）
【结构布局】
引言：写信目的
中心：介绍移动支付
结尾：总结移动支付的优势
【拓展词汇】
①have good/bad/positive/negative effects on对……有好的/坏的/积极的/消极的影响
②have easy access to容易接触到
with the popularity of随着……的普及
【拓展句型】
①Future is actually like a secret, some areas of which are beyond the reach of our imagination.未来事实上就像一个谜，有些领域我们简直无法想象。
②Mobile payment is the most popular in China, which has made people's daily life more and more convenient.移动支付在中国最受欢迎，已经使得人们的日常生活越来越方便。
38.【答案】 A US professor has found out the relationship between money and the meaning of life.(要点1) Good relationships you have can be weakened if money is involved.(要点2) People who have money are considered important, but a millionaire doesn't think so.(要点3) In fact, money is a tool rather than the goal, and it is not equal to happiness.(要点4)
【解析】【思路点拨】
【解题思路】
本文为一篇议论文的概要写作。首先定位每一段的段落要点，其次运用一些高级表达将段落要点句进行改写，然后从文章结构和要点间的逻辑关系确定衔接词，最后用衔接词将段落要点改写句连接起来。
要点1: 该段主要讲述一位美国教授发现了金钱和生活意义之间的关系。主题句为a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life.
要点2: 该段主要讲述当金钱进入我们的生活时，我们与他人的关系往往变得清晰。主题句为If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn't.
要点3: 该段主要讲述由于金钱对我们如此重要，我们认为拥有大量金钱的人非常重要。但是百万富翁并不觉得他很重要，因为他认为他除了钱以外什么都不是。主题句为Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important.
要点4: 该段主要讲述教授的研究结果表明，金钱是一种工具，而不是目标，金钱不等于幸福。主题句为Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
【结构衔接】
要点4为对全文的总结，可用衔接词: in fact, so, therefore等。
【亮点短语】
found out发现
between ...and.........和......
equal to 和......相等
【高分句式】
Good relationships you have can be weakened if money is involved. (if引导的条件状语从句）
People who have money are considered important, but a millionaire doesn't think so. (who引导的限制性定语从句）
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
第2页，共20页
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
SHARK CONSERVATION IN SOUTH AFRICA Take a two-week trip that you will never forget as a volunteer with sharks on a beautiful stretch of South Africa's coastline. Head out to sea to witness one of the world's most powerful (and most misunderstood) creatures on this inspiring project, enjoying watching them from both above and below water.
The DAY-BY-DAY schedule
Day 1: Arrive in Cape Town on a Sunday. You will be collected from the airport and spend your first night in a guest house in the city centre.
Day 2: You will be collected bright and early from the guest house and taken down to the project. The drive takes about 90 minutes. You will receive a welcome and head out to sea to witness your first sharks!
Day 3+: Most days you will be out on the boat with the sharks, depending on weather. Help out with the full range of tasks on the boats, and in conservation initiatives on land too.
Last day: On the final day of your project you will be taken back to Cape Town for your onward travel.
The price is ￡ 829, including the voluntary work programme with accommodations, airport transfers, one night in a guest house in Cape Town, breakfasts daily and lunches when on the boats. Your trip can be extended at a cost of ￡ 375 per week.
It is an amazing experience! Some volunteers planned to stay for 4 weeks, extended to 6 weeks and still didn't want to come home. If you'd like to chat about this holiday or need help, we're very happy to help.
Call us at 01273 823 700.
Email us at rosy@ .
1. When will you really begin your shark watching trip
A. On a Friday. B. On a Saturday. C. On a Sunday. D. On a Monday.
2. What will you probably do on the third day if weather permits
A. Sail on the ocean. B. Return to Cape Town.
C. Buy some souvenirs. D. Dive with sharks.
3. How much will you spend on a three-week shark conservation trip
A. ￡ 375. B. ￡ 750. C. ￡ 829. D. ￡ 1,204.
B
There's a little restaurant in a small Alabama town where there's no cash register and no prices, just a whole lot of soul and soul food. At Drexell & Honeybee's in downtown Brewton near the Florida border, the menu changes daily, but there's always a hearty selection of Southern dishes to enjoy: fried chicken and cornbread often show up at lunchtime from Tuesday to Thursday.
What makes this place special No matter how down on their luck a person is, they never have to worry about having no money for their lunch. Once you've finished your dessert—a blueberry cobbler, perhaps —you just leave whatever you can in a private booth near the restaurant entrance, even if that's just a little thank-you note.
The owners, a husband and wife team—Freddie and Lisa Thomas-McMillan—make no profit from their restaurant. Lisa once said, "Whatever needs people have, if we can help them, we will. It's our chief mission."
100% of the donations go back into serving people food. "It's a feeling of great happiness when knowing that the customers leave with a full stomach, a full heart, and the understanding that you're loved and worthy of love." Through the years, she's run a food bank. She's opened her home to the needy. She says it may have started in the second grade when she learned a powerful lesson about sharing from a little girl who always had a better sandwich, but shared it happily with Lisa in a daily trade. Of course, the pandemic has made running a restaurant a little more tricky in recent months. "But we figured out a way to do to-go orders and keep everyone safe. It is working out very well. We feel proud to be able to do what we do, with the COVID-19 pandemic affecting so many people."
4. What characteristic does Drexell & Honeybee's have
A. It requires no payment.
B. It has no menu or waiters.
C. It serves regular food every day.
D. It has the best dessert in Alabama.
5. What does the restaurant aim to do according to Lisa
A. Advertise the cuisine. B. Feed the needy.
C. Return a girl s kindness D. Encourage donations.
6. What does the underlined word "tricky" probably mean
A. Annoying. B. Unforgettable. C. Significant. D. Tough.
7. Which of the following best describes Lisa
A. Helpful and kind-hearted. B. Creative and ambitious.
C. Determined and positive. D. Grateful and respectable.
C
It was once a shoreline buried by enough garbage to make it invisible, thus, given the unfortunate nickname "toilet bowl". Now the Philippines' Manila Bay beach is totally different, compared with a few months ago. It happened so suddenly and extremely that it brought tears to the eyes of the local people.
The clean-up started on 27 January, when 5,000 volunteers descended on Manila Bay to remove over 45 tons of garbage, marking the beginning of a nationwide environmental campaign. But some two months before this great movement began, a quiet revolution was already underway.
During the first week of December 2018, Brooklyn-based Bounties Network collected three tons of garbage from Manila Bay over two days through a project that paid a small group of people, mostly fishermen, with a digital currency based on the Ethereum system.
For the most non-bank-using Filipino fishermen, this was a first-ever experience with a digital currency. It's one that proves decisive in enabling poor communities around the world to take up arms in the fight against humanity's waste. There are signs that this recycling-for-digital-payment industry may be just about to take off. Earlier in September 2018, Plastic Bank, a Vancouver-based company powered by IBM technology, also started a similar project. They set up a project in Naga, a town in southern Luzon, the country's largest island, building a collection point to let people exchange plastic and recyclable materials for digital payouts through a system.
That both these pioneers have chosen the Philippines as their first location is not surprising considering the country's contribution to ocean waste. A study in The Wall Street Journal in 2015 revealed that the Philippines make the third-largest amount of plastic waste into global oceans.
8. Why did people call Manila Bay "toilet bowl"
A. It looked like a huge bowl.
B. It was covered by rubbish.
C. It was characterized by special toilets.
D. It functioned as a waste treatment plant.
9. What does the underlined phrase "descended on "in paragraph 2 mean
A. Suddenly arrived at. B. Completely depended on.
C. Occasionally looked around. D. Gradually disappeared from.
10. What made poor communities willing to fight against waste
A. The benefits to their homeland.
B. The desire to make a difference.
C. The chance to escape ocean pollution.
D. The experience with digital money.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. An Online System Helps End Ocean Pollution
B. Filipinos Contribute to Ocean Protection
C. Plastic Bank Is Powerful in Recycling Ocean Waste
D. Digital Revolution Pushes the Reuse of Plastic Waste
D
Much of my work as a coach includes helping people make an important decision, such as "If I'm at a crossroads in my career, which path should I follow " "If I'm considering offers, which one should I accept "
Difficult decisions like these remind me of a comment made by Scott McNealy, once the CEO of Sun Microsystems, during a lecture while I was at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. When asked how he made decisions and responded, he said, "It's important to make good decisions. But I spend much less time and energy worrying about making the right decision and much more time and energy ensuring that any decision I make turns out right."
In fact, before we make any decisions, particularly those difficult ones, we're anxious to focus on identifying the "best" option because of the risk of being "wrong". But a side effect of that mindset(观念模式) is that we pay too much attention to the moment of choice and lose sight of everything that follows. It's what happens next that finally determines whether a given decision is "right".
Another aspect of this mindset is that our focus on making the "right" decision can easily lead to paralysis(能力的完全丧失) because the options we're choosing among are so difficult to rank in the first place. How can we definitively determine in advance what career path will be "the best", or what job offer we should accept Obviously, we can't.
Focusing on the effort after our decision not only helps us succeed, but also reminds us that we play a role in every outcome. Our control should be in our day-to-day activities rather than in our one-time decision.
12. What is the author's job
A. To help people make a vital choice.
B. To tell people to adapt to a new life.
C. To teach people to choose good careers.
D. To advise people to ask for a high salary.
13. What can we infer from Scott McNealy's words
A. He is confused to make decisions.
B. He enjoys the decision-making process.
C. He tries to make his decision right ultimately.
D. He weighs the pros and cons before making decisions.
14. Why are most people anxious about making an important decision
A. They are given too much advice.
B. They lose sight of the original aim.
C. They can't figure out their advantages.
D. They worry about the undesired result.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. How to make the right decision.
B. How to help others make a choice.
C. Stopping worrying about making the right decision.
D. Believing in yourself and choosing your favourite.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
The Ironman triathlon, which originated in the US state of Hawaii in 1978, is a three-sport competition that combines running, biking, and swimming. Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles during one day of the race. (1) The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons.
The initial Hawaii event drew just 15 participants. In following years and decades, hundreds of athletes signed up for the 17-hour competition. Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors in extreme heat, strong winds, and sometimes rain. (2)
Those participating in an Ironman triathlon begin training at least four to six months in advance. Typically, three to eight hours a day are devoted to training in all three sports during the week, with one or two days of rest each week. (3) It is common for athletes to run, bike and swim three to four times the race amount in one week. Many join clubs or train with partners.
Much energy, perseverance, and psychological strength are needed to complete the Ironman triathlon. At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion, according to world championship data. (4) Although the Ironman competition draws mostly young competitors, some are in their 60s, 70s and occasionally, 80s. Men and women are allowed to compete.
(5) Many sustain their energy by devoting 40 percent of their diet to carbohydrates. Protein typically makes up 30 percent of nutrition for competitors. Fat intake can be as high as 30 percent.
A. Even finishers often suffer injuries.
B. Diet is very important for triathletes.
C. This intense schedule makes the athletes powerful.
D. There is generally no break between the sports activities.
E. Athletes have to reduce their food intake on the big day.
F. Modern-day versions of the event follow that outdoor tradition.
G. Competing would give you drive and determination that carry into your life.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A 30-year-old woman from California is being called a hero for saving a stranger's life by donating one of her kidneys to him.
At the beginning of 2018, Jessica made a special new year (21) —to save someone's life. In San Francisco, writer David had almost given up the (22) of finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years, and was coming to terms with the idea of (23) . But he decided to give it one more try and posted an ad online. (24) , Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise and (25) him.
Considering what David had been (26) under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism. Even after they met, David couldn't believe he would get another (27) of life. But then he got confirmation that Jessica was a (28) and was asked to schedule the surgery. After two months of (29) preparation, Jessica and David went into surgery together, and she gave him a part of herself so that he could (30) living.
Now both of them are (31) from the operation. Although this kind of surgery carries a (32) , they both focus on the positive fact that the operation was (33) and both have found a friend for life. "He'll (34) be my friend for life. He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice," Jessica jokingly said, (35) that they determine to go backpacking together soon.
21. A. present B. celebration C. decision D. survey
22. A. freedom B. hope C. job D. approach
23. A. sharing B. winning C. escaping D. dying
24. A. Luckily B. Gradually C. Naturally D. Clearly
25. A. contacted B. licensed C. believed D. recognized
26. A. seeing through B. going through C. longing for D. searching for
27. A. chance B. way C. purpose D. challenge
28. A. patient B. match C. friend D. sponsor
29. A. excellent B. important C. careful D. simple
30. A. appreciate B. enjoy C. miss D. continue
31. A. suffering B. learning C. returning D. recovering
32. A. virus B. risk C. result D. disease
33. A. thoughtful B. typical C. successful D. practical
34. A. definitely B. happily C. quickly D. proudly
35. A. promising B. adding C. insisting D. ordering
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Singing is one of those universal actions that everyone can do for fun, regardless of how they sound. According to recent studies (1) (conduct) at Goethe University Frankfurt, singing can be actually helpful to your immune system. The study focused (2) a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies(抗体) was (3) (obvious) higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely (4) (get) sick.
Singing actually is the perfect physical exercise for people who are injured, disabled or elderly. Not only (5) (do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation. This can lead to better results when people hit the gym thanks to the person's increased aerobic(有氧的) capacity and newfound physical or mental strength.
The simple truth is that singing makes you happy. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), a chemical (6) reduces pain and makes you feel (7) (happy) and less stressed.
People who sing, especially in choirs and on the stage are known to have better social skills and be less lonely. (8) (stand) on the stage and performing can be tough, (9) when you do it in a group, it can help improve your sense of self as well as increase your (10) (confident).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom在给你的邮件中提到他对中国的移动支付（mobile payment）很感兴趣，请你给Tom回复邮件并作简要介绍。
注意：词数80左右。
参考词汇：微信WeChat 支付宝Alipay 二维码QR code
Dear Tom,
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Recently, a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think. One of the things he asks his students to do is keep a record of every penny they spend for a week. From the way they spend their money, they often see what they really value in life.
He says our relations with others often become clearly defined when money enters the picture. You might have a wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn't. This person may say that he has a certain feeling, but if it is not carried out in the money world, there is something less real about it.
Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important. The author interviewed some millionaires in researching his book. Question: What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich, because you are a self-made(白手起家的) man Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much respect. I am nothing. I don't know much. All I am is rich.
People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for How much do I need for any given purposes in my life In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、A、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍到南非进行的保护鲨鱼的志愿者之旅及其行程安排。
根据Day 1部分中的Arrive in Cape Town on a Sunday.（周日抵达开普敦。）和Day 2部分中的You will be collected bright and early from the guest house and taken down to the project. The drive takes about 90 minutes. You will receive a welcome and head out to sea to witness your first sharks!（你将被提前从宾馆接走，带到项目现场。开车大约需要90分钟。你将受到欢迎，并出海见证你的第一条鲨鱼！）可知，周日到达目的地，但真正的鲨鱼观赏之旅是在周一。故选D。
2. 根据Day 3+部分Most days you will be out on the boat with the sharks, depending on weather. （大多数时候，你会和鲨鱼一起出海，这取决于天气。）可知，如果天气条件允许的话，第三天可以在海上航行。故选A。
3. 根据文中的Take a two-week trip；The price is ￡ 829； Your trip can be extended at a cost of ￡ 375 per week.（两周的旅行费用是829英镑，之后每延长一周，费用增加375英镑。）可知，因此三周的旅行费用是1204英镑。故选D。
4~7.【答案】A、B、D、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了亚拉巴马州的一个小餐馆。这家餐馆没有收银机，也没有价格，却给需要的人提供食物。
根据第二段中的they never have to worry about having no money for their lunch（他们从来不用担心没有钱吃午饭）和leave whatever you can in a private booth near the restaurant entrance, even if that's just a little thank-you note.（你只要把能放的东西放在靠近餐厅入口的私人隔间里，即使那只是一张小小的感谢信。）可知，这家餐馆是不需要食客付款的。故选A。
2. 根据第三段中的Whatever needs people have, if we can help them, we will. It's our chief mission（无论人们有什么需要，只要我们能帮助他们，我们都会帮助他们。这是我们的主要任务）可知，这个餐馆的主要目的是给需要的人提供食物。故选B。
3. 根据画线词后的句子But we figured out a way to do to-go orders and keep everyone safe. It is working out very well. We feel proud to be able to do what we do, with the COVID-19 pandemic affecting so many people.（但我们想出了一个办法既能保证所有人的安全又能保证外卖。结果很好。在2019冠状病毒影响到这么多人的情况下，我们为做我们能够所做的事情感到自豪。）可知，画线词所在句与下文形成转折，再结合上文中的running a restaurant的语境可知，画线词与D项意义相符，意为“难办的，难对付的”。故选D。
4. 根据第三段中的Whatever needs people have, if we can help them, we will. It's our chief mission.（无论人们有什么需要，只要我们能帮助他们，我们都会帮助他们。这是我们的主要任务。）和第四段中的Through the years, she's run a food bank. She's opened her home to the needy（这些年来，她经营着一家食物赈济处。她向需要帮助的人敞开了家门）等可知，Lisa是一个愿意帮助人的、善良的人。故选A。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了数字货币让更多贫困社区的人们参与到清理拉圾，保护海洋环境的运动中来。
根据第一段中的It was once a shoreline buried by enough garbage to make it invisible, thus, given the unfortunate nickname "toilet bowl". （它曾经是一个被大量垃圾掩埋的海岸线，因此有了一个不幸的绰号“抽水马桶”）可知， Manila Bay被称为toilet bowl的原因就是因为被垃圾掩埋。故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的The clean-up started on 27 January, when 5,000 volunteers descended on Manila Bay to remove over 45 tons of garbage, marking the beginning of a nationwide environmental campaign. （清理工作始于1月27日，当时5000名志愿者descended on马尼拉湾清理超过45吨的垃圾，标志着全国范围的环保运动的开始）中clean-up started，5,000 volunteers和on Manila Bay to remove over 45 tons of garbage等词语可推知，27日志愿者来到马尼拉湾清理垃圾，descended on意为“突然大批来访”。故选A。
3. 根据第四段中的For the most non-bank-using Filipino fishermen, this was a first-ever experience with a digital currency. It's one that proves decisive in enabling poor communities around the world to take up arms in the fight against humanity's waste. （对于大多数不使用银行的菲律宾渔民来说，这是他们第一次使用数字货币。事实证明，它在让世界各地的贫困社区拿起武器打击人类废物方面起到了决定性作用。）可知，是数字货币让贫困社区的人愿意参与到与垃圾的斗争中来。故选D。
4. 通读全文可知，本文介绍了数字货币让更多贫困社区的人们参与到清理垃圾，保护海洋环境的运动中来。故选A。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】很多人难以作出一些重大决定，因为他们总是担忧没有出现自己想要的结果。这篇文章告诉我们更应该关注所作出的努力，而不是一次性的抉择。
根据第一段中的Much of my work as a coach includes helping people make an important decision（作为教练，我的大部分工作包括帮助人们做出重要决定）可知，作者的主要职责就是帮助别人作重要的决定。故选A。
2. 根据第二段中的It's important to make good decisions. But I spend much less time and energy worrying about making the right decision and much more time and energy ensuring that any decision I make turns out right.（做出正确的决定很重要。但我花更少的时间和精力担心做出正确的决定，花更多的时间和精力确保我做出的任何决定都是正确的。）可知，Scott McNealy并没有花太多的时间和精力担心作出正确的选择，但在确保自己所作的决定最终是正确的方面花了很多时间和精力。故选C。
3. 根据第三段第一句In fact, before we make any decisions, particularly those difficult ones, we're anxious to focus on identifying the "best" option because of the risk of being "wrong". （事实上，在我们做出任何决定之前，尤其是那些困难的决定之前，我们急于确定“最佳”选项，因为存在“错误”的风险。）可知，很多人在作出重要的决定之前都很担心会出现他们不希望看到的结果。故选D。
4. 很多人难以作出一些重大决定，因为他们总是担忧没有出现自己想要的结果，根据文章最后一段第一句Focusing on the effort after our decision not only helps us succeed, but also reminds us that we play a role in every outcome.（在我们做出决定后，专注于努力不仅有助于我们成功，而且提醒我们，我们在每一个结果中都发挥着作用。）可知，告诉我们更应该关注所作出的努力，而不是担忧作出的决定是否正确。故选C。
16~20.【答案】D、F、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了铁人三项赛的构成以及运动员的训练强度等。
根据上文中的Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles（参加者游泳2.4英里，自行车112英里，跑步26.2英里）和下文中的The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons（在大多数铁人三项比赛中，游泳——自行车——跑步的顺序是一致的）可知，本段是在介绍铁人三项赛的内容，D项（体育活动之间一般没有休息。）符合题意。故选D。
2. 根据上文中的Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors可知，最初这项运动是在户外进行的，F项（现代版本的活动遵循户外传统。）符合语境。故选F。
3. 根据上文中的Typically, three to eight hours a day are devoted to training in all three sports during the week, with one or two days of rest each week.（通常情况下，在一周的时间里，每天花费3到8个小时时间去练习所有三种运动的训练，每周休息一两天。)可知，运动员日程安排很紧张，故C项（紧张的日程安排使运动员们变得强大。）符合语境。故选C。
4. 根据上文中的At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion（至少有10%的铁人三项运动员在完成比赛之前就放弃了），A项（即使完成比赛的选手也经常受伤）与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A。
5. 根据下文Many sustain their energy by devoting 40 percent of their diet to carbohydrates. Protein typically makes up 30 percent of nutrition for competitors. Fat intake can be as high as 30 percent.（许多人40%的饮食来自于碳水化合物来维持能量。蛋白质通常占竞争对手营养的30%。脂肪摄入量可高达30%。）可知，本段讲的是运动员的饮食方面，故B项（饮食对铁人三项运动员来说非常重要。）能概括本段的内容。故选B。
21~35.【答案】C、B、D、A、A、B、A、B、C、D、D、B、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了Jessica无偿捐肾拯救作家David的故事。
句意：2018年初，杰西卡做出了一个特殊的新年决定，要拯救某人的生命。A.present礼物；B.celebration庆祝活动；C.decision决定；D.survey调查。根据下文中的Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise可知，在2018年年初，Jessica作出了一个特别的新年决定：拯救某人的生命。故选C。
2. 句意：在旧金山，作家大卫在经历了7年的肾衰竭后，几乎放弃了寻找肾脏捐赠者的希望，并开始接受死亡的想法。A.freedom自由；B.hope希望；C.job工作；D.approach方法。根据下文中的finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years可知，David患肾衰竭七年了，他对找到肾脏捐献者已经几乎不抱什么希望了。故选B。
3. 句意同上。A.sharing分享；B.winning获胜；C.escaping逃离；D.dying死亡。根据上文中的coming to terms with可知，David打算向死亡妥协。故选D。
4. 句意：幸运的是，杰西卡正在寻找一个方法来履行她的承诺，并联系了他。A.Luckily幸运地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Naturally自然地；D.Clearly清楚地。根据上文中的But he decided to give it one more try及语境可知，幸运的是，Jessica正有帮助别人的打算。故选A。
5. 句意同上。A.contacted联系；B.licensed批准；C.believed相信；D.recognized认出。当Jessica看到了David寻找肾源的启事之后，她联系了David。故选A。
6. 句意：考虑到大卫在长期疾病中所经历的，很容易理解他的怀疑。A.seeing through看穿；B.going through经历；C.longing for渴望；D.searching for寻找。根据下文中的under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism可知，在患肾衰竭的七年里，David经历了许多。go through意为“经历（尤为艰难时期）”。故选B。
7. 句意：甚至在他们相遇之后，大卫都不敢相信他会得到另一个生命的机会。A.chance机会；B.way方式；C.purpose目的，意图；D.challenge挑战。根据上文内容并结合语境可知，David不敢相信他将得到再一次生存的机会。故选A。
8. 句意：但后来他得到确认，杰西卡与他匹配，并被要求安排手术时间。A.patient病人；B.match相配的人（或物）；C.friend朋友；D.sponsor赞助者。根据文章的内容和下文中的was asked to schedule the surgery可知，David得到确认，Jessica的肾适合他。故选B。
9. 句意：经过两个月的精心准备，杰西卡和大卫一起进了手术室，她把自己的一部分给了他，这样他才能继续活下去。A.excellent极好的；B.important重要的；C.careful仔细的；D.simple简单的。根据two months和preparation并结合语境可知，经过两个月的细致准备，Jessica和David一起进行了手术。故选C。
10. 句意同上。A.appreciate欣赏；B.enjoy喜欢；C.miss思念；D.continue继续。根据上文中的she gave him a part of herself可知，Jessica捐给David她的肾，所以他能继续活着。故选D。
11. 句意：现在两人都在手术后恢复中。A.suffering遭受；B.learning学习；C.returning归还；D.recovering回复。根据下文中的from the operation和they determine to go backpacking together soon可知，David和Jessica都在康复中。故选D。
12. 句意：虽然这种手术有风险，但他们都关注手术成功的积极事实，并且都找到了一个终生的朋友。A.virus病毒；B.risk危险；C.result结果；D.disease疾病。根据下文中的内容及常识可知，肾移植手术有一定的风险。故选B。
13. 句意同上。A.thoughtful体贴入微的，考虑周到的；B.typical典型的；C.successful成功的；D.practical真实的，实际的。根据文章的内容可知，他们的肾移植手术非常成功。故选C。
14. 句意：他肯定是我一生的朋友。A.definitely肯定地，当然；B.happily高兴地；C.quickly快速地；D.proudly骄傲地。根据下文中的He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice可知，Jessica开玩笑说David肯定会成为她终生的朋友，因为他的身上有自己的一部分。故选A。
15. 句意：“他拥有我的一部分，所以他没有选择，”杰西卡开玩笑说，并补充说他们决定很快一起去背包旅行。A.promising许诺；B.adding补充说；C.insisting坚持；D.ordering命令。根据上文中的Jessica jokingly said和下文的内容可知，Jessica补充说他们决定不久后一起背包旅行。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
conducted
【小题2】
on/upon
【小题3】
obviously
【小题4】
to get
【小题5】
does
【小题6】
which/that
【小题7】
happier
【小题8】
Standing
【小题9】
but
【小题10】
confidence
【解析】1. 考查非谓语动词。空处修饰前面的名词studies，且studies与conduct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词的-ed形式。故填conducted。
2. 考查介词。focus on/upon意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
3. 考查副词。空处修饰后面的形容词的比较级higher，所以用副词形式。故填obviously。
4. 考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，是固定用法。故填to get。
5. 考查主谓一致。这是由Not only引起的部分倒装，主语为singing，助动词应用does。故填does。
6. 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代前面的chemical并在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
7. 考查形容词的比较级。空处与后面的less stressed是并列关系，所以也用比较级。故填happier。
8. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与后面的performing并列作主语，故用动词-ing形式。句首单词的首字母要大写。故填Standing。
9. 考查连词。前面说站在舞台上表演可能会很难，后面讲述的是唱歌的好处，由此可知这里表示转折。故填but。
10. 考查名词。空处在句中作宾语，且有形容词性物主代词your修饰，故用名词形式。故填confidence。
37.【答案】Dear Tom,
In your letter you asked about mobile payment in China. It's my honor to introduce it to you.
①Mobile payment has been advocated around the world, which is a popular way to pay bills. In China, WeChat and Alipay are popular everywhere. ②Just scanning the QR code with a smartphone, people can easily pay for the items they need and even small business can be finished in this advanced way. It not only frees people from the trouble of bringing the cash but also saves them the time to pay bills, thus bringing much convenience to our life.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题为你的美国朋友Tom在给你的邮件中提到他对中国的移动支付（mobile payment）很感兴趣，请你给Tom回复邮件并作简要介绍。要点已给出，动笔前，应想好内容框架，而后用正确的单词和语法将内容表达清楚。时态以一般现在时为主。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①it's one's honor to... ......是某人的荣幸
②around the world全世界
③not only...but also...不仅......而且......
④bring much convenience to 带来很多方便
【高分句型】
①Mobile payment has been advocated around the world, which is a popular way to pay bills. （which引导的非限制性定语从句）
②Just scanning the QR code with a smartphone, people can easily pay for the items they need and even small business can be finished in this advanced way.（动词的-ing形式作状语）
【结构布局】
引言：写信目的
中心：介绍移动支付
结尾：总结移动支付的优势
【拓展词汇】
①have good/bad/positive/negative effects on对……有好的/坏的/积极的/消极的影响
②have easy access to容易接触到
with the popularity of随着……的普及
【拓展句型】
①Future is actually like a secret, some areas of which are beyond the reach of our imagination.未来事实上就像一个谜，有些领域我们简直无法想象。
②Mobile payment is the most popular in China, which has made people's daily life more and more convenient.移动支付在中国最受欢迎，已经使得人们的日常生活越来越方便。
38.【答案】 A US professor has found out the relationship between money and the meaning of life.(要点1) Good relationships you have can be weakened if money is involved.(要点2) People who have money are considered important, but a millionaire doesn't think so.(要点3) In fact, money is a tool rather than the goal, and it is not equal to happiness.(要点4)
【解析】【思路点拨】
【解题思路】
本文为一篇议论文的概要写作。首先定位每一段的段落要点，其次运用一些高级表达将段落要点句进行改写，然后从文章结构和要点间的逻辑关系确定衔接词，最后用衔接词将段落要点改写句连接起来。
要点1: 该段主要讲述一位美国教授发现了金钱和生活意义之间的关系。主题句为a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life.
要点2: 该段主要讲述当金钱进入我们的生活时，我们与他人的关系往往变得清晰。主题句为If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn't.
要点3: 该段主要讲述由于金钱对我们如此重要，我们认为拥有大量金钱的人非常重要。但是百万富翁并不觉得他很重要，因为他认为他除了钱以外什么都不是。主题句为Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important.
要点4: 该段主要讲述教授的研究结果表明，金钱是一种工具，而不是目标，金钱不等于幸福。主题句为Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
【结构衔接】
要点4为对全文的总结，可用衔接词: in fact, so, therefore等。
【亮点短语】
found out发现
between ...and.........和......
equal to 和......相等
【高分句式】
Good relationships you have can be weakened if money is involved. (if引导的条件状语从句）
People who have money are considered important, but a millionaire doesn't think so. (who引导的限制性定语从句）
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
第2页，共20页