外研版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 5 Into the unknown - 单元能力提升（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 5 Into the unknown - 单元能力提升（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-23 16:03:42 | ||
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Unit 5 Into the unknown
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Etiquette(礼仪) For Teens Aged 13—18 Provide your teen with that "edge" that will help them succeed in life and make for successful adulthood!
In today's fast-paced digital world teens are no longer having face-to-face interactions with others. When presented with an unfamiliar social situation, they may feel uncomfortable, and therefore they may choose to avoid socializing.
Our two-day workshop will give them a solid foundation of etiquette and manners as well as help prepare your teen for the many new social and business situations they will face as young adults. It will provide them with the self-confidence, enthusiasm, and motivation that are essential as they move into the next phase of their lives. The following topics will be covered in the two-day workshop.
Day One
Proper Introductions—Handshakes & Eye Contact—Body Language—The Art Of Small Talk—How To Speak In The Right Tone With Clarity—Leadership Qualities—How To Make A Positive First Impression
Be The Perfect Guest—Invitations & Thank-You Notes—Social Networking—Dating Etiquette—Common Courtesies In Public Places
Day Two
Table Skills & Dining Manners—The Informal/Formal Place Setting—American/Continental Dining—Proper Use Of Dining Utensils(用具)—Eating Various Foods—Seating A Lady At The Table—Tipping Guidelines
Interviewing Tips For College & Job Interviews—Dressing The Part—Be A Good Listener—Interview Follow—Up Calls & Thank-You Notes—Grooming(打扮) & Skin Care—The Graduation Celebration
Fee: $ 285.00, including snacks, the certificate, and workbooks
Date: Jan. 5 & 6
Time: 8:00 am—4:00 pm
Registration closes at 11:59 pm Dec. 29.
Invite a friend to apply for the workshop and you can receive a $ 10.00 credit toward your course fee. If you are interested in joining the two-day workshop, fill out our application form online.
1. What's the two-day workshop mainly intended to do
A. Help teens know themselves.
B. Provide teens with survival skills.
C. Motivate teens to study efficiently.
D. Assist teens in learning social skills.
2. What will teens learn on the first day
A. How to behave at table. B. How to chat with someone.
C. How to tip others properly. D. How to prepare for an interview.
3. How much will Green pay if he invites a friend to the workshop
A. $ 295.00. B. $ 285.00. C. $ 275.00. D. $ 265.00.
B
When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies(萤火虫) in Mexico, I didn't check my schedule before I said yes. I'd seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before. And I jumped at the chance to go back.
While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don't reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focusing on the country's natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.
I had three nights to film the magical scene in the forest. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod(三脚架) on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldn't be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they were all over me—my arms, my hair, my face. From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasted for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.
On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing photos in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlight-and I'd grown accustomed to insects on my face.
I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30-second exposure. You can track the insects' paths: Some make small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.
4. How did the author feel about the editor's request
A. Nervous. B. Delighted. C. Confused. D. Regretful.
5. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word in paragraph 2
A. Relief. B. Return. C. Trend. D. Victory.
6. What did the author intend to do during the first two nights
A. Learn about the local travel rules.
B. Research the habit of the fireflies.
C. Communicate constantly with the guides.
D. Find the suitable spot and time to take photos.
7. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To tell findings about fireflies.
B. To share the stories behind a photo.
C. To record a travelling experience.
D. To show the author's working conditions.
C
A handful of 28,000-year-old woolly mammoth (a large extinct elephant) cell parts were recently "woken up" for a short time in a new experiment. In the experiment, the researchers extracted cells from a woolly mammoth whose remains were discovered in 2011. Then, the scientists recovered the least-damaged nuclei(细胞核) from each cell and took the nuclei into mouse eggs.
At first, this method "activated" the mammoth chromosomes(染色体), as several biological reactions that occurred before cell division actually happened within the mouse cell. But these reactions soon came to a crashing end, probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.
But why did the researchers put mammoth DNA into mouse eggs The answer has to do with an egg's ability to recreate DNA and divide into more cells. "At first, the cellular machinery did try to fix damaged DNA within the chromosomes and piece together the broken bits", said Beth Shapiro, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, who was not involved in the study. "But the egg can only do so much. As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth."
Other research groups are also trying to revive the mammoth, using different technology. George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University, is using CRISPR—a tool that can edit DNA's bases-to insert woolly mammoth genes into the DNA of Asian elephants, which are closely related to the extinct animals. "They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome."
Bringing back the ice age mammals is controversial, however. Many conservationists argue e that resources should be spent on currently threatened or endangered animals rather than large animals that died off long ago.
8. What did the researchers think probably stopped the reactions
A. The quick cell division.
B. The limited ability of mouse cells.
C. The lack of advanced technology.
D. The severe damage of mammoth DNA.
9. What can we infer from Shapiro's words in paragraph 3
A. The cellular machinery didn't work at all.
B. Cloning a mammoth is against the laws of nature.
C. The mouse eggs were to blame for the cloning failure.
D. Cloning a mammoth by current technology is impossible.
10. What does Shapiro think of George Church's method
A. It complicates the cloning experiment.
B. It is off the goal of reviving a mammoth.
C. It has drawn criticism from geneticists.
D. It is useless in cloning the Asian elephants.
11. What is the title for the text
A. Cloning Mammoths Is Controversial
B. Saving Endangered Animals Comes First
C. Cloning Mammoths Is Still a Pipe Dream
D. Scientists Made a Breakthrough in Cloning
D
A group of scientists announced on Thursday the discovery of remains from an early ancestor of human beings at a World Heritage Site, near Johannesburg, South Africa. The South African government has named the area the "Cradle of Humankind" because of its rich collection of ancient human-like remains. The scientists reported that about 1,500 bones have been recovered from the cave. They said the bones came from at least 15 individuals. The team reported its findings in the journal eLife.
Lead scientist Lee Berger works at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. He said to reporters on Thursday that the discovery was right under our nose in the most explored valley of the continent of Africa. "This is a great moment for us. It is a moment that was perhaps a few years in the making for some of you who may follow our adventures since November of 2013. But in fact, it is 90 years in the making: 90 years of exploration here in South Africa for human origins."
The scientists said the newly discovered species "Homo naledi" probably stood up straight when walking. They said a normal adult stood about 1.5 meters tall and weighed about 45 kilograms. The researchers described the hands and feet of the new species as human-like. But they said the ribs, shoulders and pelvis were closer to other early ancestors' than to those of modern humans.
The Associated Press reported that Mr. Berger said his team was not claiming that "Homo naledi" was a direct ancestor of modern-day people. The researchers believed it developed between 2.5 million and 2.8 million years ago, but the bones might be younger than that. The team said dating the bones was one of their projects. What's also unclear is why the bones were in a hard-to-reach part of the cave in the first place. Scientists wondered whether others could have placed dead bodies there in a kind of behavior rarely found in early humans.
12. What do we know about the World Heritage Site
A. It is near the capital of South Africa.
B. It has a large collection of ancient remains.
C. It has been a place of interest for nearly 90 years.
D. It used to be inhabited by Africans direct ancestors.
13. Why is announcing the discovery regarded as a great moment by Berger
A. It was published in a journaleLife.
B. The site was unearthed at right time.
C. It explained mysteries of "Homo naledi".
D. Many scientists worked hard on it for long.
14. What will the scientists do next
A. Protect the cave from being stolen.
B. Find out the exact time of the bones.
C. Figure out the number of the dead bodies.
D. Compare the bones with those of modern man.
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health C. Education. D. Science.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
When you think about inventions that have completely changed human existence, what comes to mind Probably the wheel, the printing press, the refrigerator and definitely personal computers. (1) , but without which we'd be much worse off, like eyeglasses. Imagine a world without glasses—many of us would walk around bumping into things and driving our cars onto the sidewalk. (2)
The truth is that nobody knows who invented eyeglasses. At some point in Italy between 1268 and
1289 someone came up with the idea, but the actual inventor remains unknown. What we do know is that the earliest lenses were made from quartz(石英) and were usually set into bones, metal, or leather. (3) , they started making lenses out of glass.
Although glasses spread quickly throughout Europe and Asia, there was one major problem: how to keep them on the wearer's face (4) . It was nearly 400 years before opticians(验光师) figured out that hard sidepieces resting on top of the ears might do the trick.
(5) , who invented bifocals(双光眼镜) in the 1780s. Annoyed at having to constantly switch glasses whenever he wanted to read or take in the sights while traveling, he had his reading glasses cut in half and joined with his distance glasses. Now that's the American creative item for you.
A. Once quartz was found limited in nature
B. As soon as people figured out how to make glass
C. So who invented glasses and how were they first made
D. Early glasses were squeezed onto the bridge of the nose
E. So where were they first made and how were they improved
F. Then there are those ordinary things that we seldom think about
G. No history of eyeglasses would be complete without mention of Benjamin Franklin
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
I had struggled with anxiety and depression for many years. Yet I was never able to talk about it openly with others. My poor mental (21) began to take over at some point during my first year in the university, so much so that I (22) going to lectures and spent the majority of my time alone in my room. Isolating myself from the world was nothing new to me but I had come to university for a(n) (23) in my life. It was this year that I (24) my university's women's rugby union team, and they would be the ones who helped change my whole university experience (25) .
It certainly wasn't easy to take that first step and play in a new group of people in the hope that they would (26) me. I had briefly played in my first year for a few weeks but I (27) nobody would like me and I wasn't good enough. I am forever grateful to my past self for (28) the game because it was the beginning of a(n) (29) and life-changing chapter.
The university life was a very difficult and testing period. Rugby was the one thing that always gave me some (30) . I could feel so low, yet I always knew that if I (31) myself to go to rugby training, I would have a few hours of fun and genuine laughter. Being part of a team made me feel included for the first time in a long time and gave me a sense of (32) . The fact that I was accepted and being around people made me step out of my comfort zone constantly, which helped me (33) up as a person.
Rugby may not be everybody's cup of tea, nor has it been my miracle cure (34) . However, it helps me to stay (35) in tough times in my life.
21. A. position B. movement C. condition D. question
22. A. practiced B. finished C. stopped D. considered
23. A. improvement B. conclusion C. ambition D. reason
24. A. joined B. organized C. founded D. abandoned
25. A. eventually B. abruptly C. secretly D. slightly
26. A. suspect B. applaud C. forgive D. accept
27. A. learned B. claimed C. wondered D. believed
28. A. working up B. sticking out C. putting back D. taking off
29. A. amazing B. moving C. embarrassing D. disturbing
30. A. fortune B. imagination C. relaxation D. freedom
31. A. advised B. pushed C. expected D. reminded
32. A. pride B. justice C. humor D. balance
33. A. build B. stay C. grow D. stand
34. A. on purpose B. in place C. at all costs D. by any means
35. A. calm B. focused C. creative D. independent
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Children under the age of 18 will be allowed to play video games up to three hours per week, according to a notice (1) (issue) by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies (2) (require) to provide services to minors—from 8 to 9 pm on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays—as (3) way to protect their physical and mental health.
The recent (4) (propose) to limit the playing of video games among the under 18s is the type of socially essential policy needed in an era (5) all of us have the potential to over-immerse ourselves in our screens and digital content. Real-name registration and login will be (6) (strict) implemented, said the notice, adding that companies cannot offer games to users who fail the identification process. China (7) (tighten) controls on online games for minors in recent years.
Undoubtedly, excessive(过度的) gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect (8) both physical and mental health, but if children are taught how to manage themselves in a wise and (9) (response) manner, then it is no longer a threat. (10) (achieve) this, parents also need to set examples for their children and stop being attached to their phones.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One pleasant New Year morning, Edward rose, washed and dressed himself very quickly. He wanted to be the first to wish everyone a happy New Year. He looked in every room, and shouted the words of welcome. He ran into the street to repeat them to those he might meet. When he came back, his father gave him two bright, new silver dollars. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some pretty books that he had seen at the bookstore.
He left the house with a light heart, intending to buy the books. As he ran down the street, he saw a poor German family, the father, mother and three children shaking with cold.
"I wish you a happy New Year," said Edward, as he was happily passing by. The man shook his head. "You do not belong to this country " said Edward. The man again shook his head, for he could not understand or speak the English language. But he pointed to his mouth, and to the children, as if to say, "These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time." Edward quickly understood that these poor people were in a very difficult situation and required some help. He took out his dollars, and gave one to the man, and the other to his wife.
How their eyes sparkled with gratitude! They said something in their language, which doubtless meant, "We thank you a thousand times, and will remember you forever."
When Edward came home, his father asked what books he had bought. He hung his head for a moment, but quickly looked up. "I have bought no books," he said, "I gave my money to some poor people, who seemed to be very hungry."
Paragraph 1:
"I think I can wait for my books till next New Year," he continued.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Hearing what his father said and holding the books his father gave him in his arms, Edward felt he was the happiest boy in the world.
_______________________________________________________________
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六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 假定你是学生王明。有一批埃及中学生来到了北京，学校派你给他们当导游，带领他们参观长城。参观前，请你写一篇发言稿介绍长城。
注意：词数80左右。________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了面向青少年的礼仪培训讲习班的相关信息。
根据第三段首句Our two-day workshop will give them a solid foundation of etiquette and manners as well as help prepare your teen for the many new social and business situations（我们为期两天的讲习班将为孩子们提供一个坚实的礼仪基础，同时帮助他们为许多新的社会和商业环境做好准备）可知，这个讲习班主要是要增强青少年的社交能力。故选D。
2. 根据Day One中的The Art Of Small Talk—How To Speak In The Right Tone With Clarity（闲聊的艺术——如何用正确的语调清晰地说话）可知，在第一天可以学到如何和别人交谈，故选B。
3. 根据Fee: $285.00及文中最后一段中的Invite a friend to apply for the workshop and you can receive a $ 10.00 credit toward your course fee.（邀请一个朋友来申请讲习班，你可以得到$10的补助作为你的课程费用。）可知，如果Green邀请一位朋友来这个讲习班，他的费用为285-10=275美元。故选C。
4~7.【答案】B、A、D、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】作者介绍了他拍摄的一张关于萤火虫的照片背后的故事。
根据第一段中的I'd seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before. And I jumped at the chance to go back.（我曾见过这些昆虫照亮特拉斯卡拉的森林。我抓住了回去的机会。）可知，作者对于编辑的这个请求是很高兴的，故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans.（现在我在墨西哥和边境地区做摄影记者，记录每天墨西哥人面临的绝望处境。）和A task focusing on the country's natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.（一项关注该国自然美景的任务对我来说是一个受欢迎的欣慰。）形成对比，前一项拍摄任务是沉重的，后一项任务应该是让作者感到欢迎和欣慰。故下划线词reprieve的最佳替代词是relief。故选A。
3. 根据第三段中的As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod(三脚架) on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures.（当我开始拍摄的时候，我不断地调整我的曝光量以解释光线的减弱。为了得到我想要的构图，我把我的三脚架放在一条陡峭、多岩石的小路上，在长时间的曝光过程中必须使它保持稳定。）和From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasted for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.（据我观察，萤火虫的高峰期每晚只持续20分钟左右，所以我只有几次尝试的时间。）可知，在前两晚作者是在寻找合适的时间和地点以备拍摄，故选D。
4. 根据文章所讲述的主要内容：作者在墨西哥拍摄萤火虫的见闻和感受。可知，文章主要的目的是分享一张萤火虫照片背后的故事，故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、D、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。
根据第二段中的probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.（研究人员说，可能是因为猛犸象的DNA在冰中埋了2.8万年后受到了严重破坏。）可知，研究者认为是猛犸象的DNA受损太严重导致了这些激活猛犸象细胞的反应停止。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中的As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth.（结果，没有一个小鼠——猛犸杂交细胞进入细胞分裂，这是克隆猛犸的必要步骤。）可推知，以目前的技术克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome.（夏皮罗说：“他们不是在试图恢复猛犸象的基因组。”他们正试图通过调整大象的基因组来创造一个。）可知，Shapiro认为George Church的方法偏离了克隆猛犸象的目标。故选B。
4. 本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故C项（克隆猛犸象仍然是一个白日梦）适合作本文标题。故选C。
12~15.【答案】B、D、B、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】科学家们在位于南非约翰内斯堡附近一个世界遗产地的洞穴里发现了古人类遗骸，科学家们将此次发现的新物种命名为“智人之星”。
根据第一段中的The South African government has named the area the "Cradle of Humankind" because of its rich collection of ancient human-like remains. （南非政府将该地区命名为“人类的摇篮”，因为它收藏了大量类似人类的古代遗骸。）可知，该地区拥有丰富的古人类遗骸。故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的But in fact, it is 90 years in the making: 90 years of exploration here in South Africa for human origins."（但事实上，这是90年的历史：在南非探索人类起源的90年。"）可知，这是一个伟大的时刻，科学家在南非这个地方对人类起源已进行了长达90年的探索。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的The team said dating the bones was one of their projects.（该团队表示，测定骨骼的年龄是他们的项目之一。）可知，接下来确定骨头的年龄是他们的工作内容之一。故选B。
4. 文中指出，科学家们在位于南非约翰内斯堡附近一个世界遗产地的洞穴里发现了古人类遗骸。这属于“科学研究”范畴，所以该文段可能出现在报纸的“科学”版块。故选D。
16~20.【答案】F、C、B、D、G
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了眼镜的发展史。
根据上文When you think about inventions that have completely changed human existence, what comes to mind Probably the wheel, the printing press, the refrigerator and definitely personal computers.（当你思考那些彻底改变人类生存的发明时，你会想到什么？可能是轮子、印刷机、冰箱，当然还有个人电脑），和下文but without which we'd be much worse off, like eyeglasses.（但没有它们，比如眼镜，我们的生活会糟得多），此处与上文形成转折并引出下文介绍的眼镜，F项（还有一些我们很少想到的普通事情）起承上启下的作用，故选F。
2. 根据下文中的The truth is that nobody knows who invented eyeglasses（事实是，没有人知道是谁发明了眼镜），可推断该句是对上文的回答，C项（那么是谁发明了眼镜且眼镜最初是如何制造的？）切题。故选C。
3. 根据上文中的What we do know is that the earliest lenses were made from quartz(石英) and were usually set into bones, metal, or leather.（我们所知道的是，最早的透镜是由石英制成的，通常被制成骨头、金属或皮革。）可知，此处承接上文，继续介绍眼镜的制作史，再结合下文中的they started making lenses out of glass（他们开始用玻璃做透镜）可知，B项（当人们发现如何制造玻璃）符合语境，空后的they指代的就是B项中的people。故选B。
4. 根据上文中的how to keep them on the wearer's face （如何将它们保持在佩戴者的脸上？）可推断下文是进行回答，D项（早期的眼镜被挤在鼻梁上）符合语境。故选D。
5. 根据下文中的who invented bifocals(双光眼镜) in the 1780s（他在1780年代发明了双焦眼镜。）可推断，空处应该会提到一个人，G项（如果不提及本杰明·富兰克林，眼镜的历史就不会完整）符合语境，空后的who指代的就是G项中的Benjamin Franklin，故选G。
21~35.【答案】C、C、A、A、A、D、D、B、A、C、B、D、C、D、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】作者多年来受焦虑和抑郁困扰，在上大学之后，通过打橄榄球逐渐摆脱负面情绪，健康地成长起来。
句意：在大学一年级的某个时候，我糟糕的精神状况开始影响到我，以至于我不再去听讲座，大部分时间都独自呆在房间里。position恰当位置；movement活动；condition状况；question疑问。在大学第一年的某个时候, 作者糟糕的精神状况开始影响到作者。故选C。
2. 句意同上。practiced练习；finished完成；stopped停止；considered仔细考虑。根据下文中的spent the majority of my time alone in my room可知，作者不去听课，大部分时间都独自待在房间里。故选C。
3. 句意：把自己与世界隔绝对我来说并不新鲜，但我上大学是为了改善我的生活。improvement改进；conclusion结论；ambition追求的目标；reason理由。根据下文内容可知，作者想要改变将自己与外界隔绝的状态，她上大学的目的就是要让自己的生活得到改进。故选A。
4. 句意：就在这一年，我加入了学校的女子橄榄球联盟队，她们最终帮助改变了我的整个大学经历。joined加入；organized组织；founded创立；abandoned放弃。 作者加入了校橄榄球联盟队。故选A。
5. 句意同上。eventually最终；abruptly突然地；secretly秘密地；slightly轻微地。 结合第二段最后一句中的life-changing chapter可知，加入橄榄球队最终改变了她整个大学的经历。故选A。
6. 句意：迈出第一步，在一群新队友中打球，希望他们能接受我，这当然不是件容易的事。suspect怀疑；applaud赞赏；forgive原谅；accept接受。 根据下文中的I was accepted可知，作者加入橄榄球队，希望她们接受自己。故选D。
7. 句意：我在第一年短暂地打了几个星期，但没有人喜欢我，我不够好。learned得知；claimed声称；wondered想知道；believed认为。 根据上文可知，作者第一年尝试了几周，她认为没人喜欢她。故选D。
8. 句意：我永远感激过去的自己，因为我坚持了比赛，这是一个惊人的，改变人生的篇章的开始。working up努力改进；sticking out坚持到底；putting back推迟；taking off取消。 根据上文可知，作者第一年尝试了几周，但是认为没人喜欢她，认为自己不够好。但是她现在感谢自己坚持了下来。故选B。
9. 句意同上。amazing令人惊喜的；moving感人的；embarassing使人害羞的；disturbing令人不安的。加入橄榄球队对作者来说是一个令人惊喜的、改变一生的开始。故选A。
10. 句意：大学生活是一段非常困难和考验的时期。橄榄球总是能让我放松下来。fortune时运，命运；imagination想像力，想像；relaxation休息，消遣；freedom自由，自主。根据下文中的genuine laughter和Being part of a team made me feel included for the first time in a long time可知, 作者在加入橄榄球队之后才感受到被接受，只有橄榄球才让她感到放松。故选C。
11. 句意：我可能会感觉很低落，但我一直知道，如果我强迫自己去参加橄榄球训练，我就会有几个小时的乐趣和真诚的笑声。advised建议；pushed敦促，鼓励，迫使；expected盼望，期望；reminded提醒。作者有时候会感到情绪低落，但是作者知道如果她敢促自己去参加橄榄球训练，她会有几个小时的快乐。故选B。
12. 句意：成为团队的一员让我长久以来第一次有了归属感，给了我一种平衡感。pride骄傲；justice公平；humor 幽默；balance 平衡感；根据句意，此处指平衡感，D项符合语境。故选D。
13. 句意：事实上，我被接受了，和人们在一起，这让我不断地走出我的舒适区，这帮助我长大成人。build up加强；stay up熬夜；grow up成长；stand up站起来。结合全文内容可知，橄榄球帮助作者保持专注，度过了人生的困难时期，帮助作者成长。故选C。
14. 句意：橄榄球可能不是每个人都喜欢的，无论如何也不是我的灵丹妙药。on purpose有意地；in place准备就绪；at all costs不惜任何代价；by any means无论如何。橄榄球也许不是每个人都喜欢的运动，也绝不是治愈作者焦虑和抑郁的神奇的药，但是它帮助作者度过了人生的困难时期。根据句意，D项符合语境。故选D。
15. 句意：然而，它帮助我在生活中的困难时期保持专注。calm镇静的，沉着的；focused专注的；creative创造（性）的；independent独立的。根据上文中的I had come to university for a(n) (3) in my life.和I always knew that...as a person可知，橄榄球帮助作者保持专注，度过了人生的困难时期，帮助作者成长。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
issued
【小题2】
are required
【小题3】
a
【小题4】
proposal
【小题5】
when
【小题6】
strictly
【小题7】
has tightened
【小题8】
on
【小题9】
responsible
【小题10】
To achieve
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，notice与issue之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的-ed作后置定语。故填issued。
2. 此处叙述的是目前的客观事实，且online game companies与require是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语Online game companies为复数形式，be动词应用are。故填are required。
3. 此处泛指一种方式，且way的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
4. 分析句子及句中is可知，应用名词的单数形式作主语；提示词propose的名词形式为proposal，意为“提议，建议”，此处为可数名词，符合题意。故填proposal。
5. 空处引导定语从句，先行词为era，且空处在从句中作时间状语，应用when。故填when。
6. 分析句子可知，空处作状语修饰动词，应用副词。故填strictly。
7. 根据in recent years可知，本句应用现在完成时；主语为China，助动词应用has。故填has tightened。
8. have a(n)…effect on…意为“对……有……影响”，为固定搭配。故填on。
9. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词manner，应用形容词；responsible形容词，意为“可靠的”，符合句意。故填responsible。
10. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To achieve。
37.【答案】 "I think I can wait for my books till next New Year," he continued. His father looked at him with a blank look. He explained that it was a German family that was badly in need of help. They even didn't have enough clothes to wear. Edward's explanation made his father understand what had happened and he expressed that he couldn't agree more with him. In order to recognize the work Edward did, his father bought the books, saying, "Never can we turn a blind eye to those in need. What you have done will make a happy New Year."
Hearing what his father said and holding the books his father gave him in his arms, Edward felt he was the happiest boy in the world. He felt the sweetness of helping others. A few days later, Edward met the family again, and they still thanked him a thousand times. It seemed the city was bathed in brilliant sunshine because of Edward's feelings. Additionally, he knows that help means under any circumstances we all can give a hand to people in a dilemma. Maybe bare words would be enough for them.
【解析】略
38.【答案】 May I have your attention, please
I'm Wang Ming. Welcome to China. ①It's my great honor to be your guide when you visit the Great Wall. The Great Wall of China with a history of more than 2,000 years is one of the wonders of the world. ②It provides significant physical evidence of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and national defences in ancient China and is an outstanding example of the superb military architecture, technology and art of ancient China.
Seeing is believing. I hope you can have a good time on the Great Wall.
Thank you for your attention!
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇发言稿，话题为有一批埃及中学生来到了北京，学校派你给他们当导游，带领他们参观长城。参观前，请你写一篇发言稿介绍长城。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①far-sighted political strategic thinking高瞻远瞩的政治战略思维
②the superb military architecture, technology and art卓越的军事建筑、技术和艺术
③seeing is believing眼见为实
④have a good time玩得开心
【高分句型】
①It's my great honor to be your guide when you visit the Great Wall. （when引导的时间状语从句）
②It provides significant physical evidence of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and national defences in ancient China and is an outstanding example of the superb military architecture, technology and art of ancient China.（and连接并列成分）
【结构布局】
引言：点明发言主题
中心：介绍长城
结尾：表达感谢
【拓展词汇】
①broaden one's horizons开阔眼界
②with the purpose/aim/intention of目的是
③date from/date back to追溯到
【拓展句型】
①To help you behave well when visiting your Chinese friend, I'd like to offer you some information concerning...为了帮助你在拜访中国友人时行为得体，我想给你一些关于……的信息。
②To get yourself familiar with some Chinese local customs and traditions may help you behave properly during your stay.熟悉一些中国风俗和传统有助于你在中国逗留期间举止得体。
第2页，共18页
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Etiquette(礼仪) For Teens Aged 13—18 Provide your teen with that "edge" that will help them succeed in life and make for successful adulthood!
In today's fast-paced digital world teens are no longer having face-to-face interactions with others. When presented with an unfamiliar social situation, they may feel uncomfortable, and therefore they may choose to avoid socializing.
Our two-day workshop will give them a solid foundation of etiquette and manners as well as help prepare your teen for the many new social and business situations they will face as young adults. It will provide them with the self-confidence, enthusiasm, and motivation that are essential as they move into the next phase of their lives. The following topics will be covered in the two-day workshop.
Day One
Proper Introductions—Handshakes & Eye Contact—Body Language—The Art Of Small Talk—How To Speak In The Right Tone With Clarity—Leadership Qualities—How To Make A Positive First Impression
Be The Perfect Guest—Invitations & Thank-You Notes—Social Networking—Dating Etiquette—Common Courtesies In Public Places
Day Two
Table Skills & Dining Manners—The Informal/Formal Place Setting—American/Continental Dining—Proper Use Of Dining Utensils(用具)—Eating Various Foods—Seating A Lady At The Table—Tipping Guidelines
Interviewing Tips For College & Job Interviews—Dressing The Part—Be A Good Listener—Interview Follow—Up Calls & Thank-You Notes—Grooming(打扮) & Skin Care—The Graduation Celebration
Fee: $ 285.00, including snacks, the certificate, and workbooks
Date: Jan. 5 & 6
Time: 8:00 am—4:00 pm
Registration closes at 11:59 pm Dec. 29.
Invite a friend to apply for the workshop and you can receive a $ 10.00 credit toward your course fee. If you are interested in joining the two-day workshop, fill out our application form online.
1. What's the two-day workshop mainly intended to do
A. Help teens know themselves.
B. Provide teens with survival skills.
C. Motivate teens to study efficiently.
D. Assist teens in learning social skills.
2. What will teens learn on the first day
A. How to behave at table. B. How to chat with someone.
C. How to tip others properly. D. How to prepare for an interview.
3. How much will Green pay if he invites a friend to the workshop
A. $ 295.00. B. $ 285.00. C. $ 275.00. D. $ 265.00.
B
When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies(萤火虫) in Mexico, I didn't check my schedule before I said yes. I'd seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before. And I jumped at the chance to go back.
While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don't reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focusing on the country's natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.
I had three nights to film the magical scene in the forest. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod(三脚架) on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldn't be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they were all over me—my arms, my hair, my face. From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasted for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.
On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing photos in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlight-and I'd grown accustomed to insects on my face.
I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30-second exposure. You can track the insects' paths: Some make small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.
4. How did the author feel about the editor's request
A. Nervous. B. Delighted. C. Confused. D. Regretful.
5. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word in paragraph 2
A. Relief. B. Return. C. Trend. D. Victory.
6. What did the author intend to do during the first two nights
A. Learn about the local travel rules.
B. Research the habit of the fireflies.
C. Communicate constantly with the guides.
D. Find the suitable spot and time to take photos.
7. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To tell findings about fireflies.
B. To share the stories behind a photo.
C. To record a travelling experience.
D. To show the author's working conditions.
C
A handful of 28,000-year-old woolly mammoth (a large extinct elephant) cell parts were recently "woken up" for a short time in a new experiment. In the experiment, the researchers extracted cells from a woolly mammoth whose remains were discovered in 2011. Then, the scientists recovered the least-damaged nuclei(细胞核) from each cell and took the nuclei into mouse eggs.
At first, this method "activated" the mammoth chromosomes(染色体), as several biological reactions that occurred before cell division actually happened within the mouse cell. But these reactions soon came to a crashing end, probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.
But why did the researchers put mammoth DNA into mouse eggs The answer has to do with an egg's ability to recreate DNA and divide into more cells. "At first, the cellular machinery did try to fix damaged DNA within the chromosomes and piece together the broken bits", said Beth Shapiro, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, who was not involved in the study. "But the egg can only do so much. As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth."
Other research groups are also trying to revive the mammoth, using different technology. George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University, is using CRISPR—a tool that can edit DNA's bases-to insert woolly mammoth genes into the DNA of Asian elephants, which are closely related to the extinct animals. "They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome."
Bringing back the ice age mammals is controversial, however. Many conservationists argue e that resources should be spent on currently threatened or endangered animals rather than large animals that died off long ago.
8. What did the researchers think probably stopped the reactions
A. The quick cell division.
B. The limited ability of mouse cells.
C. The lack of advanced technology.
D. The severe damage of mammoth DNA.
9. What can we infer from Shapiro's words in paragraph 3
A. The cellular machinery didn't work at all.
B. Cloning a mammoth is against the laws of nature.
C. The mouse eggs were to blame for the cloning failure.
D. Cloning a mammoth by current technology is impossible.
10. What does Shapiro think of George Church's method
A. It complicates the cloning experiment.
B. It is off the goal of reviving a mammoth.
C. It has drawn criticism from geneticists.
D. It is useless in cloning the Asian elephants.
11. What is the title for the text
A. Cloning Mammoths Is Controversial
B. Saving Endangered Animals Comes First
C. Cloning Mammoths Is Still a Pipe Dream
D. Scientists Made a Breakthrough in Cloning
D
A group of scientists announced on Thursday the discovery of remains from an early ancestor of human beings at a World Heritage Site, near Johannesburg, South Africa. The South African government has named the area the "Cradle of Humankind" because of its rich collection of ancient human-like remains. The scientists reported that about 1,500 bones have been recovered from the cave. They said the bones came from at least 15 individuals. The team reported its findings in the journal eLife.
Lead scientist Lee Berger works at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. He said to reporters on Thursday that the discovery was right under our nose in the most explored valley of the continent of Africa. "This is a great moment for us. It is a moment that was perhaps a few years in the making for some of you who may follow our adventures since November of 2013. But in fact, it is 90 years in the making: 90 years of exploration here in South Africa for human origins."
The scientists said the newly discovered species "Homo naledi" probably stood up straight when walking. They said a normal adult stood about 1.5 meters tall and weighed about 45 kilograms. The researchers described the hands and feet of the new species as human-like. But they said the ribs, shoulders and pelvis were closer to other early ancestors' than to those of modern humans.
The Associated Press reported that Mr. Berger said his team was not claiming that "Homo naledi" was a direct ancestor of modern-day people. The researchers believed it developed between 2.5 million and 2.8 million years ago, but the bones might be younger than that. The team said dating the bones was one of their projects. What's also unclear is why the bones were in a hard-to-reach part of the cave in the first place. Scientists wondered whether others could have placed dead bodies there in a kind of behavior rarely found in early humans.
12. What do we know about the World Heritage Site
A. It is near the capital of South Africa.
B. It has a large collection of ancient remains.
C. It has been a place of interest for nearly 90 years.
D. It used to be inhabited by Africans direct ancestors.
13. Why is announcing the discovery regarded as a great moment by Berger
A. It was published in a journaleLife.
B. The site was unearthed at right time.
C. It explained mysteries of "Homo naledi".
D. Many scientists worked hard on it for long.
14. What will the scientists do next
A. Protect the cave from being stolen.
B. Find out the exact time of the bones.
C. Figure out the number of the dead bodies.
D. Compare the bones with those of modern man.
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health C. Education. D. Science.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
When you think about inventions that have completely changed human existence, what comes to mind Probably the wheel, the printing press, the refrigerator and definitely personal computers. (1) , but without which we'd be much worse off, like eyeglasses. Imagine a world without glasses—many of us would walk around bumping into things and driving our cars onto the sidewalk. (2)
The truth is that nobody knows who invented eyeglasses. At some point in Italy between 1268 and
1289 someone came up with the idea, but the actual inventor remains unknown. What we do know is that the earliest lenses were made from quartz(石英) and were usually set into bones, metal, or leather. (3) , they started making lenses out of glass.
Although glasses spread quickly throughout Europe and Asia, there was one major problem: how to keep them on the wearer's face (4) . It was nearly 400 years before opticians(验光师) figured out that hard sidepieces resting on top of the ears might do the trick.
(5) , who invented bifocals(双光眼镜) in the 1780s. Annoyed at having to constantly switch glasses whenever he wanted to read or take in the sights while traveling, he had his reading glasses cut in half and joined with his distance glasses. Now that's the American creative item for you.
A. Once quartz was found limited in nature
B. As soon as people figured out how to make glass
C. So who invented glasses and how were they first made
D. Early glasses were squeezed onto the bridge of the nose
E. So where were they first made and how were they improved
F. Then there are those ordinary things that we seldom think about
G. No history of eyeglasses would be complete without mention of Benjamin Franklin
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
I had struggled with anxiety and depression for many years. Yet I was never able to talk about it openly with others. My poor mental (21) began to take over at some point during my first year in the university, so much so that I (22) going to lectures and spent the majority of my time alone in my room. Isolating myself from the world was nothing new to me but I had come to university for a(n) (23) in my life. It was this year that I (24) my university's women's rugby union team, and they would be the ones who helped change my whole university experience (25) .
It certainly wasn't easy to take that first step and play in a new group of people in the hope that they would (26) me. I had briefly played in my first year for a few weeks but I (27) nobody would like me and I wasn't good enough. I am forever grateful to my past self for (28) the game because it was the beginning of a(n) (29) and life-changing chapter.
The university life was a very difficult and testing period. Rugby was the one thing that always gave me some (30) . I could feel so low, yet I always knew that if I (31) myself to go to rugby training, I would have a few hours of fun and genuine laughter. Being part of a team made me feel included for the first time in a long time and gave me a sense of (32) . The fact that I was accepted and being around people made me step out of my comfort zone constantly, which helped me (33) up as a person.
Rugby may not be everybody's cup of tea, nor has it been my miracle cure (34) . However, it helps me to stay (35) in tough times in my life.
21. A. position B. movement C. condition D. question
22. A. practiced B. finished C. stopped D. considered
23. A. improvement B. conclusion C. ambition D. reason
24. A. joined B. organized C. founded D. abandoned
25. A. eventually B. abruptly C. secretly D. slightly
26. A. suspect B. applaud C. forgive D. accept
27. A. learned B. claimed C. wondered D. believed
28. A. working up B. sticking out C. putting back D. taking off
29. A. amazing B. moving C. embarrassing D. disturbing
30. A. fortune B. imagination C. relaxation D. freedom
31. A. advised B. pushed C. expected D. reminded
32. A. pride B. justice C. humor D. balance
33. A. build B. stay C. grow D. stand
34. A. on purpose B. in place C. at all costs D. by any means
35. A. calm B. focused C. creative D. independent
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Children under the age of 18 will be allowed to play video games up to three hours per week, according to a notice (1) (issue) by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies (2) (require) to provide services to minors—from 8 to 9 pm on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays—as (3) way to protect their physical and mental health.
The recent (4) (propose) to limit the playing of video games among the under 18s is the type of socially essential policy needed in an era (5) all of us have the potential to over-immerse ourselves in our screens and digital content. Real-name registration and login will be (6) (strict) implemented, said the notice, adding that companies cannot offer games to users who fail the identification process. China (7) (tighten) controls on online games for minors in recent years.
Undoubtedly, excessive(过度的) gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect (8) both physical and mental health, but if children are taught how to manage themselves in a wise and (9) (response) manner, then it is no longer a threat. (10) (achieve) this, parents also need to set examples for their children and stop being attached to their phones.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One pleasant New Year morning, Edward rose, washed and dressed himself very quickly. He wanted to be the first to wish everyone a happy New Year. He looked in every room, and shouted the words of welcome. He ran into the street to repeat them to those he might meet. When he came back, his father gave him two bright, new silver dollars. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some pretty books that he had seen at the bookstore.
He left the house with a light heart, intending to buy the books. As he ran down the street, he saw a poor German family, the father, mother and three children shaking with cold.
"I wish you a happy New Year," said Edward, as he was happily passing by. The man shook his head. "You do not belong to this country " said Edward. The man again shook his head, for he could not understand or speak the English language. But he pointed to his mouth, and to the children, as if to say, "These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time." Edward quickly understood that these poor people were in a very difficult situation and required some help. He took out his dollars, and gave one to the man, and the other to his wife.
How their eyes sparkled with gratitude! They said something in their language, which doubtless meant, "We thank you a thousand times, and will remember you forever."
When Edward came home, his father asked what books he had bought. He hung his head for a moment, but quickly looked up. "I have bought no books," he said, "I gave my money to some poor people, who seemed to be very hungry."
Paragraph 1:
"I think I can wait for my books till next New Year," he continued.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Hearing what his father said and holding the books his father gave him in his arms, Edward felt he was the happiest boy in the world.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 假定你是学生王明。有一批埃及中学生来到了北京，学校派你给他们当导游，带领他们参观长城。参观前，请你写一篇发言稿介绍长城。
注意：词数80左右。________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了面向青少年的礼仪培训讲习班的相关信息。
根据第三段首句Our two-day workshop will give them a solid foundation of etiquette and manners as well as help prepare your teen for the many new social and business situations（我们为期两天的讲习班将为孩子们提供一个坚实的礼仪基础，同时帮助他们为许多新的社会和商业环境做好准备）可知，这个讲习班主要是要增强青少年的社交能力。故选D。
2. 根据Day One中的The Art Of Small Talk—How To Speak In The Right Tone With Clarity（闲聊的艺术——如何用正确的语调清晰地说话）可知，在第一天可以学到如何和别人交谈，故选B。
3. 根据Fee: $285.00及文中最后一段中的Invite a friend to apply for the workshop and you can receive a $ 10.00 credit toward your course fee.（邀请一个朋友来申请讲习班，你可以得到$10的补助作为你的课程费用。）可知，如果Green邀请一位朋友来这个讲习班，他的费用为285-10=275美元。故选C。
4~7.【答案】B、A、D、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】作者介绍了他拍摄的一张关于萤火虫的照片背后的故事。
根据第一段中的I'd seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before. And I jumped at the chance to go back.（我曾见过这些昆虫照亮特拉斯卡拉的森林。我抓住了回去的机会。）可知，作者对于编辑的这个请求是很高兴的，故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans.（现在我在墨西哥和边境地区做摄影记者，记录每天墨西哥人面临的绝望处境。）和A task focusing on the country's natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.（一项关注该国自然美景的任务对我来说是一个受欢迎的欣慰。）形成对比，前一项拍摄任务是沉重的，后一项任务应该是让作者感到欢迎和欣慰。故下划线词reprieve的最佳替代词是relief。故选A。
3. 根据第三段中的As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod(三脚架) on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures.（当我开始拍摄的时候，我不断地调整我的曝光量以解释光线的减弱。为了得到我想要的构图，我把我的三脚架放在一条陡峭、多岩石的小路上，在长时间的曝光过程中必须使它保持稳定。）和From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasted for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.（据我观察，萤火虫的高峰期每晚只持续20分钟左右，所以我只有几次尝试的时间。）可知，在前两晚作者是在寻找合适的时间和地点以备拍摄，故选D。
4. 根据文章所讲述的主要内容：作者在墨西哥拍摄萤火虫的见闻和感受。可知，文章主要的目的是分享一张萤火虫照片背后的故事，故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、D、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。
根据第二段中的probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.（研究人员说，可能是因为猛犸象的DNA在冰中埋了2.8万年后受到了严重破坏。）可知，研究者认为是猛犸象的DNA受损太严重导致了这些激活猛犸象细胞的反应停止。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中的As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth.（结果，没有一个小鼠——猛犸杂交细胞进入细胞分裂，这是克隆猛犸的必要步骤。）可推知，以目前的技术克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome.（夏皮罗说：“他们不是在试图恢复猛犸象的基因组。”他们正试图通过调整大象的基因组来创造一个。）可知，Shapiro认为George Church的方法偏离了克隆猛犸象的目标。故选B。
4. 本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故C项（克隆猛犸象仍然是一个白日梦）适合作本文标题。故选C。
12~15.【答案】B、D、B、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】科学家们在位于南非约翰内斯堡附近一个世界遗产地的洞穴里发现了古人类遗骸，科学家们将此次发现的新物种命名为“智人之星”。
根据第一段中的The South African government has named the area the "Cradle of Humankind" because of its rich collection of ancient human-like remains. （南非政府将该地区命名为“人类的摇篮”，因为它收藏了大量类似人类的古代遗骸。）可知，该地区拥有丰富的古人类遗骸。故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的But in fact, it is 90 years in the making: 90 years of exploration here in South Africa for human origins."（但事实上，这是90年的历史：在南非探索人类起源的90年。"）可知，这是一个伟大的时刻，科学家在南非这个地方对人类起源已进行了长达90年的探索。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的The team said dating the bones was one of their projects.（该团队表示，测定骨骼的年龄是他们的项目之一。）可知，接下来确定骨头的年龄是他们的工作内容之一。故选B。
4. 文中指出，科学家们在位于南非约翰内斯堡附近一个世界遗产地的洞穴里发现了古人类遗骸。这属于“科学研究”范畴，所以该文段可能出现在报纸的“科学”版块。故选D。
16~20.【答案】F、C、B、D、G
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了眼镜的发展史。
根据上文When you think about inventions that have completely changed human existence, what comes to mind Probably the wheel, the printing press, the refrigerator and definitely personal computers.（当你思考那些彻底改变人类生存的发明时，你会想到什么？可能是轮子、印刷机、冰箱，当然还有个人电脑），和下文but without which we'd be much worse off, like eyeglasses.（但没有它们，比如眼镜，我们的生活会糟得多），此处与上文形成转折并引出下文介绍的眼镜，F项（还有一些我们很少想到的普通事情）起承上启下的作用，故选F。
2. 根据下文中的The truth is that nobody knows who invented eyeglasses（事实是，没有人知道是谁发明了眼镜），可推断该句是对上文的回答，C项（那么是谁发明了眼镜且眼镜最初是如何制造的？）切题。故选C。
3. 根据上文中的What we do know is that the earliest lenses were made from quartz(石英) and were usually set into bones, metal, or leather.（我们所知道的是，最早的透镜是由石英制成的，通常被制成骨头、金属或皮革。）可知，此处承接上文，继续介绍眼镜的制作史，再结合下文中的they started making lenses out of glass（他们开始用玻璃做透镜）可知，B项（当人们发现如何制造玻璃）符合语境，空后的they指代的就是B项中的people。故选B。
4. 根据上文中的how to keep them on the wearer's face （如何将它们保持在佩戴者的脸上？）可推断下文是进行回答，D项（早期的眼镜被挤在鼻梁上）符合语境。故选D。
5. 根据下文中的who invented bifocals(双光眼镜) in the 1780s（他在1780年代发明了双焦眼镜。）可推断，空处应该会提到一个人，G项（如果不提及本杰明·富兰克林，眼镜的历史就不会完整）符合语境，空后的who指代的就是G项中的Benjamin Franklin，故选G。
21~35.【答案】C、C、A、A、A、D、D、B、A、C、B、D、C、D、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】作者多年来受焦虑和抑郁困扰，在上大学之后，通过打橄榄球逐渐摆脱负面情绪，健康地成长起来。
句意：在大学一年级的某个时候，我糟糕的精神状况开始影响到我，以至于我不再去听讲座，大部分时间都独自呆在房间里。position恰当位置；movement活动；condition状况；question疑问。在大学第一年的某个时候, 作者糟糕的精神状况开始影响到作者。故选C。
2. 句意同上。practiced练习；finished完成；stopped停止；considered仔细考虑。根据下文中的spent the majority of my time alone in my room可知，作者不去听课，大部分时间都独自待在房间里。故选C。
3. 句意：把自己与世界隔绝对我来说并不新鲜，但我上大学是为了改善我的生活。improvement改进；conclusion结论；ambition追求的目标；reason理由。根据下文内容可知，作者想要改变将自己与外界隔绝的状态，她上大学的目的就是要让自己的生活得到改进。故选A。
4. 句意：就在这一年，我加入了学校的女子橄榄球联盟队，她们最终帮助改变了我的整个大学经历。joined加入；organized组织；founded创立；abandoned放弃。 作者加入了校橄榄球联盟队。故选A。
5. 句意同上。eventually最终；abruptly突然地；secretly秘密地；slightly轻微地。 结合第二段最后一句中的life-changing chapter可知，加入橄榄球队最终改变了她整个大学的经历。故选A。
6. 句意：迈出第一步，在一群新队友中打球，希望他们能接受我，这当然不是件容易的事。suspect怀疑；applaud赞赏；forgive原谅；accept接受。 根据下文中的I was accepted可知，作者加入橄榄球队，希望她们接受自己。故选D。
7. 句意：我在第一年短暂地打了几个星期，但没有人喜欢我，我不够好。learned得知；claimed声称；wondered想知道；believed认为。 根据上文可知，作者第一年尝试了几周，她认为没人喜欢她。故选D。
8. 句意：我永远感激过去的自己，因为我坚持了比赛，这是一个惊人的，改变人生的篇章的开始。working up努力改进；sticking out坚持到底；putting back推迟；taking off取消。 根据上文可知，作者第一年尝试了几周，但是认为没人喜欢她，认为自己不够好。但是她现在感谢自己坚持了下来。故选B。
9. 句意同上。amazing令人惊喜的；moving感人的；embarassing使人害羞的；disturbing令人不安的。加入橄榄球队对作者来说是一个令人惊喜的、改变一生的开始。故选A。
10. 句意：大学生活是一段非常困难和考验的时期。橄榄球总是能让我放松下来。fortune时运，命运；imagination想像力，想像；relaxation休息，消遣；freedom自由，自主。根据下文中的genuine laughter和Being part of a team made me feel included for the first time in a long time可知, 作者在加入橄榄球队之后才感受到被接受，只有橄榄球才让她感到放松。故选C。
11. 句意：我可能会感觉很低落，但我一直知道，如果我强迫自己去参加橄榄球训练，我就会有几个小时的乐趣和真诚的笑声。advised建议；pushed敦促，鼓励，迫使；expected盼望，期望；reminded提醒。作者有时候会感到情绪低落，但是作者知道如果她敢促自己去参加橄榄球训练，她会有几个小时的快乐。故选B。
12. 句意：成为团队的一员让我长久以来第一次有了归属感，给了我一种平衡感。pride骄傲；justice公平；humor 幽默；balance 平衡感；根据句意，此处指平衡感，D项符合语境。故选D。
13. 句意：事实上，我被接受了，和人们在一起，这让我不断地走出我的舒适区，这帮助我长大成人。build up加强；stay up熬夜；grow up成长；stand up站起来。结合全文内容可知，橄榄球帮助作者保持专注，度过了人生的困难时期，帮助作者成长。故选C。
14. 句意：橄榄球可能不是每个人都喜欢的，无论如何也不是我的灵丹妙药。on purpose有意地；in place准备就绪；at all costs不惜任何代价；by any means无论如何。橄榄球也许不是每个人都喜欢的运动，也绝不是治愈作者焦虑和抑郁的神奇的药，但是它帮助作者度过了人生的困难时期。根据句意，D项符合语境。故选D。
15. 句意：然而，它帮助我在生活中的困难时期保持专注。calm镇静的，沉着的；focused专注的；creative创造（性）的；independent独立的。根据上文中的I had come to university for a(n) (3) in my life.和I always knew that...as a person可知，橄榄球帮助作者保持专注，度过了人生的困难时期，帮助作者成长。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
issued
【小题2】
are required
【小题3】
a
【小题4】
proposal
【小题5】
when
【小题6】
strictly
【小题7】
has tightened
【小题8】
on
【小题9】
responsible
【小题10】
To achieve
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，notice与issue之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的-ed作后置定语。故填issued。
2. 此处叙述的是目前的客观事实，且online game companies与require是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语Online game companies为复数形式，be动词应用are。故填are required。
3. 此处泛指一种方式，且way的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
4. 分析句子及句中is可知，应用名词的单数形式作主语；提示词propose的名词形式为proposal，意为“提议，建议”，此处为可数名词，符合题意。故填proposal。
5. 空处引导定语从句，先行词为era，且空处在从句中作时间状语，应用when。故填when。
6. 分析句子可知，空处作状语修饰动词，应用副词。故填strictly。
7. 根据in recent years可知，本句应用现在完成时；主语为China，助动词应用has。故填has tightened。
8. have a(n)…effect on…意为“对……有……影响”，为固定搭配。故填on。
9. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词manner，应用形容词；responsible形容词，意为“可靠的”，符合句意。故填responsible。
10. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To achieve。
37.【答案】 "I think I can wait for my books till next New Year," he continued. His father looked at him with a blank look. He explained that it was a German family that was badly in need of help. They even didn't have enough clothes to wear. Edward's explanation made his father understand what had happened and he expressed that he couldn't agree more with him. In order to recognize the work Edward did, his father bought the books, saying, "Never can we turn a blind eye to those in need. What you have done will make a happy New Year."
Hearing what his father said and holding the books his father gave him in his arms, Edward felt he was the happiest boy in the world. He felt the sweetness of helping others. A few days later, Edward met the family again, and they still thanked him a thousand times. It seemed the city was bathed in brilliant sunshine because of Edward's feelings. Additionally, he knows that help means under any circumstances we all can give a hand to people in a dilemma. Maybe bare words would be enough for them.
【解析】略
38.【答案】 May I have your attention, please
I'm Wang Ming. Welcome to China. ①It's my great honor to be your guide when you visit the Great Wall. The Great Wall of China with a history of more than 2,000 years is one of the wonders of the world. ②It provides significant physical evidence of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and national defences in ancient China and is an outstanding example of the superb military architecture, technology and art of ancient China.
Seeing is believing. I hope you can have a good time on the Great Wall.
Thank you for your attention!
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇发言稿，话题为有一批埃及中学生来到了北京，学校派你给他们当导游，带领他们参观长城。参观前，请你写一篇发言稿介绍长城。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①far-sighted political strategic thinking高瞻远瞩的政治战略思维
②the superb military architecture, technology and art卓越的军事建筑、技术和艺术
③seeing is believing眼见为实
④have a good time玩得开心
【高分句型】
①It's my great honor to be your guide when you visit the Great Wall. （when引导的时间状语从句）
②It provides significant physical evidence of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and national defences in ancient China and is an outstanding example of the superb military architecture, technology and art of ancient China.（and连接并列成分）
【结构布局】
引言：点明发言主题
中心：介绍长城
结尾：表达感谢
【拓展词汇】
①broaden one's horizons开阔眼界
②with the purpose/aim/intention of目的是
③date from/date back to追溯到
【拓展句型】
①To help you behave well when visiting your Chinese friend, I'd like to offer you some information concerning...为了帮助你在拜访中国友人时行为得体，我想给你一些关于……的信息。
②To get yourself familiar with some Chinese local customs and traditions may help you behave properly during your stay.熟悉一些中国风俗和传统有助于你在中国逗留期间举止得体。
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