人教版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 2 Iconic Attractions 能力提升9（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 2 Iconic Attractions 能力提升9（含解析） |  | |
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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Special Museums In Christchurch, New Zealand Yaldhurst Museum
The Yaldhurst Museum is a place for car lovers in Christchurch city, which displays classic cars over a span of a century. The small museum has a collection of the widest range of car models from horse—drawn vehicles to buggies (专用小汽车). Established by a car enthusiast and collector, Alfred Thornhill Cooper, the Yaldhurst Museum has been open for 50 years.
Open Time: Wednesday—Sunday, 10 a. m.—5 p. m. with the last entry of 3:45 p.m.
Entrance fee: $10 for students, $20 for adults.
Rutherford's Den
Rutherford's Den is a historic space for the country's most famous scientist—Ernest Rutherford, also known as the father of nuclear physics. Opened in Christchurch Arts Centre, it is a small interactive museum with collections of Rutherford's works. TVs, radios and even telephones are just some of the inventions thanks to the scientific discoveries of Rutherford, and his peers.
Open time: 10:30 a. m.—2:30 p.m., every day except Tuesdays and Wednesdays.
Entrance Fee: Free entry.
The Toy Collector
The Toy Collector is a new player in the museums in Christchurch. Born recently in 2016, The Toy Collector is for all toy lovers, displaying a huge collection of toys from all ages. You can witness all the toys you ever wanted as a child from Lego superhero minifigures to a movie-themed toy. You can take a trip down your memory in just an hour.
Open Time: Monday—Saturday, 9 a. m.—5 p. m. Sunday, 10 a. m.—4p. m.
Entrance Fee: $ 15 for an adult, $ 5 for children.
Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities
Come and explore the Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities, where you can see more than three thousand years of human history through an amazing collection of artifacts from Greek, Roman, Egyptian and Near Eastern cultures. Born in 2017, this small one-roomed museum is a new home for old objects. The collection is well laid out with the necessary descriptions of the objects.
Open Time: Wed.—Sun., 11 a. m.—3 p.m.
Entrance Fee: Free to enter.
1. When can visitors enter the Yaldhurst Museum
A. At 3 p. m., Tuesday. B. At 10 a. m., Thursday.
C. After 4 p. m, Saturday. D. Before 9 a. m., Sunday.
2. Which museum would you like to visit if you are interested in human history
A. Yaldhurst Museum.
B. Rutherford's Den.
C. The Toy Collector.
D. Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities.
3. What do the four museums have in common
A. They are all small in size. B. They are all heritage sites.
C. They are all new museums. D. They are all free for students.
B
Accompanied by her father, using a combination of aid and free climbing and taking advantage of some special equipment and ropes for protection, 10-year-old Selah made it to the top of El Capitan on June 12 after five days of big wall climbing.
Climbing the challenging and adventurous Nose Route of El Capitan was a labor of love for Selah in more than one way. Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love on this 3,000-plus-foot huge rock and she has always wanted to feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together. Selah showed great interest in rock climbing at an early age. She wore her first set of rock-climbing equipment shortly after she learned to walk. She first dreamed of climbing El Capitan when she was 6 or 7.
El Capitan is a famous mountain-sized rock in Yosemite National Park. Getting to its top is no easy task. El Capitan with its difficult Nose Route, which runs more than 3,000 feet high up the center of the rock's face, is considered one of the world's hardest big wall climbs and has attracted the best climbers over time. But never before had a youngster accomplished it.
Selah's achievement caught national attention. Outside Magazine called her the youngest documented person to climb the Nose. Ken Yager, president of the Yosemite Climbing Association, said he also couldn't think of anyone younger who has done it.
Selah is humble about her El Capitan accomplishment. "I'm not necessarily a special kid or anything like that," she said. "There were a few times when I would be so worn that it would kind of discourage me from holding on. But overall, it was just great to keep plugging away."
Selah shared this advice with other young climbers dreaming of big walls, "It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it."
4. What do we learn about Selah climbing El Capitan
A. She began her climbing on June 5.
B. She got inspired by her family history.
C. She managed without any external help.
D. She was the first female to reach the top.
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 3
A. To state El Capitan's history.
B. To prove El Capitan's popularity.
C. To introduce El Capitan's location.
D. To stress the challenge of climbing El Capitan.
6. Which of the following best describes Selah
A. Determined. B. Generous. C. Warm-hearted. D. Fortunate.
7. What may be Selah's advice for other young climbers
A. Dream big and aim high.
B. Be committed to your ambition.
C. Chance favors the prepared mind.
D. Nothing is impossible for a genius.
C
Australia is proud of a unique history that has been shaped by the diversity of her inhabitants. The three main elements that have been central to the creation of Australia's population composition are the diversity of her native population, colonization by the British in the past and the extensive immigration from diverse cultures.
Australia is home to the world's cultures and inhabitants who can identify with more than 270 ancestries (祖先). From the year 1945, the number of people who have immigrated to Australia from different parts of the globe is approximately seven million. The country considers the rich cultural diversity as its main strength which embodies its national identity.
In 1975, there was the racial discrimination (歧视) act, which meant that discrimination in the country was against the law. Later in 1995, the act was extended to ensure that any acts of racial hatred (仇恨) were against the law. To date, the act has been used in ensuring that Australia sends a strong message on the collective commitment to promoting racial equality and the significance of fairness for all.
On a range of measures, Australia is a multicultural success story. On educational attainment, studies show that children of immigrants in Australia get better average results than children of native-born Australians. This is significant because according to research conducted by the OECD, the successful integration of immigrant students is an important indicator of a country's success in its education system and equity and broader socially combinative policies.
The success in educational performance is mirrored in the broader economy of Australia as it attracts a significant proportion of skilled migrants annually who have a high labour market participation rate. In the year between 2016-2017, skilled migrants accounted for 67.3 percent of the total immigration program outcome that year. The net effect of a multiculturalism policy for Australia has been a brain gain for Australia and this is expected to continue growing.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The history of Australia.
B. The customs of Australia.
C. The character of Australians.
D. The population structure of Australia.
9. What does the underlined word "embodies" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Maintains. B. Represents. C. Assesses. D. Predicts.
10. From which can we see Australia's success in education
A. The higher educational standards.
B. The better overall grades of students.
C. The increasing number of immigrant children.
D. The better performance of immigrant children.
11. In which aspect does educational success benefit Australia
A. Bringing in more skilled migrants.
B. Reforming the immigration policy.
C. Developing immigration programs.
D. Making a booming labour market.
D
In addition to their daily tasks, the brave Mars pioneers will also have to be ready to deal with all kinds of medical mon colds and headaches may be easy to handle with medication. To help them with more serious issues, like severe skin burns, scientists from Dresden University of Technology (TUD) have developed a 3D bio-printer capable of producing human tissue in space.
3D bio-printers are similar to traditional 3D printers with one key difference. Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic, they deposit (放置) layers of biomaterial, made largely from living cells, to build complex human tissue. Since the raw material is not readily available, researchers begin by talking a few cells from the required organ, such as lungs or skin, and cultivating (培育) them in the laboratory. Once enough cells have been produced, they are used to create "bio-ink", which is loaded into the printer.
This, as you can imagine, is no easy task, and despite trying for many years, scientists have still not been able to reproduce human organs for widespread use. Bioprinting in space has even more challenges. The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink.
The TUD scientists believe the difficulty can be overcome by using cells from the injured astronaut. "Using biomaterial from the astronauts themselves also removes the risk of transplant rejection (移植排斥)," says Nieves Cubo Mateo, a bioprinting specialist.
The TUD researchers, who revealed the first bio-printed bone and skin samples on July 9, 2019, believe that once developed, the technology could help astronauts treat acute injuries. Tommaso Ghidini, head of ESA's Structures, Mechanisms and Materials Division says, "Carrying enough medical supplies for all possibilities would be impossible in the limited space of a spacecraft. Instead, a 3D bioprinting capability will let them respond to medical emergencies as they arise."
12. What's the main difference between 3D bio-printers and traditional ones
A. The work efficiency.
B. The operation principle.
C. The progress of making objects.
D. The material used to make objects.
13. What is the biggest problem to using bioprinting in space
A. How to get raw material.
B. How to bring bio-ink to the space.
C. How to reduce the risk of rejection.
D. How to take cells from injured astronauts.
14. What's Tommaso Ghidini's attitude to 3D bio-printers
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Conservative. D. Unconcerned.
15. What's the best title for the text
A. Is biomaterial safer for the astronauts
B. Are 3D bio-printers worth the money
C. Can printing human tissue become a reality
D. Can 3D bio-printers benefit Mars astronauts
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
The Ironman triathlon, which originated in the US state of Hawai in 1978, is a three-sport competition that combines running, biking, and swimming. Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles during one day of the race. (1) The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons.
The initial Hawaii event drew just 15 participants. In following years and decades, hundreds of athletes signed up for the 17-hour competition. Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors in extreme heat, strong winds, and sometimes rain. (2)
Those participating in an Ironman triathlon begin training at least four to six months in advance. Typically, three to eight hours a day are devoted to training in all three sports during the week, with one or two days of rest each week. (3) It is common for athletes to run, bike and swim three to four times the race amount in one week. Many join clubs or train with partners.
Much energy, perseverance, and psychological strength are needed to complete the Ironman triathlon. At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion, according to world championship data. (4) Although the Ironman competition draws mostly young competitors, some are in their 60s, 70s and occasionally, 80s. Men and women are allowed to compete.
(5) Many sustain their energy by devoting 40 percent of their diet to carbohydrates. Protein typically makes up 30 percent of nutrition for competitors. Fat intake can be as high as 30 percent.
A. Even finishers often suffer injuries.
B. Diet is very important for triathletes.
C. This intense schedule makes the athletes powerful.
D. There is generally no break between the sports activities.
E. Athletes have to reduce their food intake on the big day.
F. Modern-day versions of the event follow that outdoor tradition.
G. Competing would give you drive and determination that carry into your life.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A 30-year-old woman from California is being called a hero for saving a stranger's life by donating one of her kidneys to him.
At the beginning of 2018, Jessica made a special new year (21) — to save someone's life. In San Francisco, writer David had almost given up the (22) of finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years, and was coming to terms with the idea of (23) . But he decided to give it one more try and posted an ad online. (24) , Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise and (25) him.
Considering what David had been (26) under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism. Even after they met, David couldn't believe he would get another (27) of life. But then he got confirmation that Jessica was a (28) and was asked to schedule the surgery. After two months of (29) preparation, Jessica and David went into surgery together, and she gave him a part of herself so that he could (30) living.
Now both of them are (31) from the operation. Although this kind of surgery carries a (32) , they both focus on the positive fact that the operation was (33) and both have found a friend for life. "He'll (34) be my friend for life. He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice," Jessica jokingly said, (35) that they determine to go backpacking together soon.
21. A. present B. celebration C. decision D. survey
22. A. freedom B. hope C. job D. approach
23. A. sharing B. winning C. escaping D. dying
24. A. Luckily B. Gradually C. Naturally D. Clearly
25. A. contacted B. licensed C. believed D. recognized
26. A. seeing through B. going through C. longing for D. searching for
27. A. chance B. way C. purpose D. challenge
28. A. patient B. match C. friend D. sponsor
29. A. excellent B. important C. careful D. simple
30. A. appreciate B. enjoy C. miss D. continue
31. A. suffering B. learning C. returning D. recovering
32. A. virus B. risk C. result D. disease
33. A. thoughtful B. typical C. successful D. practical
34. A. definitely B. happily C. quickly D. proudly
35. A. promising B. adding C. insisting D. ordering
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. The United States has many symbols — the bald eagle, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, and others — but one symbol (1) stands out for those coming to the United States from another country is the Statue of Liberty. In fact, this statue is a monument to freedom and (2) (easy) recognizable all over the world.
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, came up (3) the idea for the Statue of Liberty. (4) (know) how large he wanted the statue to be, he enlisted (争取) Gustave Eiffel, (5) (design) of the Eiffel Tower to help him create the structure of the statue. The statue (6) (give) to the United States in 1886 by the people of France as a gesture of friendship.
The Statue of Liberty, (7) (construct) entirely in France, traveled by boat from France to New York Harbor. Standing in New York Harbor welcoming immigrants, visitors and those returning to the United States after traveling abroad, the statue is about 305 feet tall, including the pedestal. It is one of the first items (8) (vision) when people are flying to beautiful New York.
The Statue of Liberty is a robed woman, who appears to be stepping forward with her left foot stepping on broken shackles (镣铐). She holds (9) torch in one hand, symbolizing enlightenment. The tablet made of stone in her left hand (10) (represent) knowledge.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚好友Ella计划暑期到中国旅游，请你给她写邮件推荐一个城市，并说明推荐理由。
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Living in the countryside
When lockdowns descended upon (降临) many countries across the world during the pandemic, social media seemed to be dominated by pictures of cottages and village life. So, why is living in the countryside becoming a modern fantasy—and are there benefits of considering a slower pace of life It makes sense that some people would want to give up the crowded and noisy city streets for the perceived tranquility (宁静) of the traditional country life—especially during an event like a pandemic. But it's not just about having a greener place to look at out your window．
There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living. Villages aren't normally subject to the stop-go traffic we see in city centers, the buses fighting with taxis for dominance, or metro systems with trains that scream from one station to the next. In short, there's less noise and air pollution in the countryside. You also get more opportunities to take long walks and see the sights, meaning you can get more exercise. Less noise, more walks and better air can also lead to less stress and an increased life expectancy (预期寿命), according to studies such as one conducted by the British government in 2012.
However, there are some things that need to be considered. Loneliness can be a large drawback when it comes to moving to the countryside. Living far from the hustle and bustle of the city means that some people may feel isolated or even lonely. And as people get older, life far from doctors or public transport could become a bit of a challenge.
So, if you're considering a change of pace and moving to a picturesque village, there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
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答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了新西兰克赖斯特彻奇的四个特别的博物馆。
根据Yaldhurst Museum中的Open Time可知，该博物馆开放时间是周三到周日的上午10点到下午5点，下午3:45之后不能再进人。因此，星期四上午10点可以去Yaldhurst Museum。故选B。
2. 根据Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities中where you can see more than three thousand years of human history（在那里你可以看到三千多年的人类历史）可知，如果你对人类历史感兴趣，你会想去Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities。故选D。
3. 根据Yaldhurst Museum中的The small museum（小的博物馆）；Rutherford's Den中it is a small interactive museum（它是一个小型的交互式博物馆）；The Toy Collector中的You can take a trip down your memory in just an hour（您可以在一个小时内完成您的记忆之旅）和Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities中的this small one-roomed museum（这间小的只有一间房的博物馆）可知，四个博物馆都不大。故选A。
4~7.【答案】B、D、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了10岁的Selah在父亲的陪同下，借助一些特殊装备和绳索，在经历了5天的大岩壁攀登后，于6月12日登上了埃尔卡皮坦山顶的故事。
根据第二段中的Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love…feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together（她的父母，迈克和乔伊·施耐特，在这块3000多英尺高的巨石上坠入爱河，她一直想感受父母在那里时的感受。）可知，Selah从她的家族史中受到启发。故选B。
2. 根据第三段中的El Capitan with its difficult Nose Route…But never before had a youngster accomplished it（埃尔卡皮坦岩壁有一条难度很大的鼻道，从岩面的中心往上爬超过3000英尺，被认为是世界上最艰难的大岩壁攀登之一，并吸引了许多最优秀的攀岩者。但以前从来没有一个年轻人能做到这一点。）可知，攀登埃尔卡皮坦山是十分艰难的。故选D。
3. 根据第五段中的There were a few times when I would be so worn…it was just great to keep plugging away（有几次，我太累了，有点不愿意坚持下去。但总的来说，坚持不懈还是很不错的。）可知，Selah是有决心的。故选A。
4. 根据文章最后一段中的It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it（并不需要一个特别的人来做这样的事。你只需要用心去做）可知，Selah给其他年轻攀登者的建议是坚定自己的雄心抱负。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、B、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚是一个多元文化的移民国家。
1. 第一段介绍了澳大利亚以其居民的多样性所塑造的独特历史而自豪。澳大利亚人口构成的三个主要因素是其本土人口的多样性、过去英国人的殖民化以及来自不同文化的广泛移民。由此可知，本段主要介绍了澳大利亚的人口结构。故选D。
2. 根据画线词所在句The country considers the rich cultural diversity as its main strength which embodies its national identity.（这个国家把丰富的文化多样性作为它的主要力量，体现了它的民族认同。）可知，这个国家认为丰富的文化多样性是其主要优势，文化多样性体现了民族认同。所以画线词意为“体现”，和Represents意思相近，故选B。
3. 根据第四段中On educational attainment, studies show that children of immigrants in Australia get better average results than children of native-born Australians. This is significant because according to research conducted by the OECD, the successful integration of immigrant students is an important indicator of a country's success in its education system and equity and broader socially combinative policies.（在教育成就方面，有研究表明，澳大利亚移民子女的平均成绩要优于澳大利亚本土出生的子女。这很重要，因为根据经合组织的研究，移民学生的成功融入是一个国家在教育体系和公平以及更广泛的社会联合政策方面取得成功的重要指标。）可知，澳大利亚在教育上的成功体现在移民孩子的学习成绩比本土孩子好。故选D。
4. 根据最后一段The success in educational performance is mirrored in the broader economy of Australia as it attracts a significant proportion of skilled migrants annually who have a high labour market participation rate.可知，澳大利亚在教育上的成功吸引了很多有技能的移民。故选A。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机。
根据第二段中的Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic（而不是用塑料之类的材料来创造物体）可知，这款3D生物打印机与传统的3D打印机的最主要的区别在于用于打印的原材料不同。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中的The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink（最大的挑战是寻找细胞来培养和制造所需的生物墨水）可知，在太空使用3D生物打印机的最大困难是找到细胞来培育和创造所需的“生物墨水”，即打印的原材料。故选A。
3. 根据最后一段中的Instead, a 3D bioprinting … as they arise（相反，3D生物打印的能力将让他们在出现医疗紧急情况时做出反应。）可推知，Tommaso Ghidini对3D生物打印机持赞同的态度。故选B。
4. 本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机，D项（3D生物打印机能造福火星宇航员吗 ）符合语境。故选D。
16~20.【答案】D、F、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了铁人三项赛的构成以及运动员的训练强度等。
根据上文中的Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles during one day of the race.（参赛者在一天的比赛中游泳2.4英里，骑车112英里，跑步26.2英里。）和下文中的The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons（游泳——自行车——跑步的顺序在大多数铁人三项比赛中是一致的）可知，本段是在介绍铁人三项赛的内容，D项（体育活动之间一般没有休息时间。）符合题意。故选D。
2. 根据上文中的Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors in extreme heat, strong winds, and sometimes rain.（最初的铁人三项通常是在酷热、强风、有时下雨的户外完成的。）可知，最初这项运动是在户外进行的，F项（现代版本的活动遵循户外传统。）符合题意。故选F。
3. 根据上文中的three to eight hours a da…one or two days of rest each week（每周有3到8个小时的训练时间，每周有1到2天的休息时间。）可知，运动员日程安排很紧张，C项（这种紧张的日程安排使运动员们力量强大。）符合题意。故选C。
4. 根据上文中的At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion（至少有10%的铁人三项运动员在完成比赛之前就放弃了），故A项（即使完成比赛的选手也经常受伤）与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A。
5. 根据下文Many sustain their energy by…as high as 30 percent（许多人通过将40%的饮食用于碳水化合物来维持能量。蛋白质通常占参赛选手营养的30%。脂肪摄入量可高达30%。）可知，本段讲的是运动员的饮食方面，故B项（饮食对铁人三项运动员来说非常重要。）能概括本段的内容。故选B。
21~35.【答案】C、B、D、A、A、B、A、B、C、D、D、B、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了Jessica无偿捐肾拯救作家David的故事。
句意：在2018年初，杰西卡做出了一个特殊的新年承诺，要挽救某人的生命。present礼物；celebration庆祝；decision决定；survey调查。根据下文中的Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise可知，在2018年年初，Jessica作出了一个特别的新年决定：拯救某人的生命。故选C。
2. 句意：在旧金山，作家大卫在经历了七年的肾衰竭之后，几乎放弃了寻找肾脏捐赠者的希望，并开始接受死亡的想法。freedom自由；hope希望；job工作；approach方法。根据下文中的finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years可知，David患肾衰竭七年了，他对找到肾脏捐献者已经几乎不抱什么希望了。故选B。
3. 句意同上。sharing分享；winning获胜；escaping逃离；dying死亡。根据上文中的coming to terms with可知，David打算向死亡妥协。故选D。
4. 句意：幸运的是，杰西卡正在寻找实现诺言的方法并与他取得联系。Luckily幸好；Gradually逐步地；Naturally自然地；Clearly很明显地。根据上文中的But he decided to give it one more try及语境可知，幸运的是，Jessica正有帮助别人的打算。故选A。
5. 句意同上。contacted联系；licensed批准；believed相信；recognized认出。当Jessica看到了David寻找肾源的启事之后，她联系了David。故选A。
6. 句意：考虑到大卫在长期患病期间所经历的一切，很容易理解他的怀疑。seeing through看穿；going through经历（尤为艰难时期）；longing for渴望；searching for搜索。根据下文中的under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism可知，在患肾衰竭的七年里，大卫经历了许多。故选B。
7. 句意：David不敢相信他将得到再一次生存的机会。chance机会；way方法；purpose目的；challenge挑战。根据上文内容并结合语境可知，David不敢相信他将得到再一次生存的机会。故选A。
8. 句意：但随后他得到证实，杰西卡与他配型成功，并被要求安排手术。patient病人；match相配的人（或物）；friend朋友；sponsor赞助者。根据文章的内容和下文中的was asked to schedule the surgery可知，大卫得到确认，杰西卡的肾适合他。故选B。
9. 句意：在经历了两个月的准备时间后，杰西卡和大卫一起进了手术室，她给了他自己身体器官的一部分，以便他能够继续生活。excellent极好的；important重要的；careful仔细的；simple简单的。根据two months和preparation并结合语境可知，经过两个月的细致准备，杰西卡和大卫一起进行了手术。故选C。
10. 句意同上。appreciate感激；enjoy喜欢；miss错过；continue继续。根据上文中的she gave him a part of herself可知，杰西卡捐给大卫她的肾，所以他能继续活着。故选D。
11. 句意：现在他们都从手术中恢复过来了。suffering遭受；learning学习；returning返回；recovering恢复。根据下文中的from the operation和they determine to go backpacking together soon可知，大卫杰西卡都在康复中。故选D。
12. 句意：虽然这种手术有风险，但他们都专注于手术成功的积极事实，并且找到彼此这个终生的朋友。virus病毒；risk风险；result结果；disease疾病。根据下文中的内容及常识可知，肾移植手术有一定的风险。故选B。
13. 句意同上。thoughtful体贴人的；typical典型的；successful成功的；practical实际的。根据文章的内容可知，他们的肾移植手术非常成功。故选C。
14. 句意：他将是我一生中真正的朋友。definitely肯定地；happily开心地；quickly快速地；proudly骄傲地。根据下文中的He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice可知，杰西卡开玩笑说大卫肯定会成为她终生的朋友，因为他的身上有自己的一部分。故选A。
15. 句意：杰西卡开玩笑地说“他是我生命中的一部分，所以他别无选择。”杰西卡补充说他们决定不久后一起背包旅行。promising承诺；adding补充说；insisting坚持；ordering订购。根据上文中的Jessica jokingly said和下文的内容可知，杰西卡补充说他们决定不久后一起背包旅行。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
that/which
【小题2】
easily
【小题3】
with
【小题4】
Knowing
【小题5】
designer
【小题6】
was given
【小题7】
constructed
【小题8】
visible
【小题9】
a
【小题10】
represents
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且指代先行词one symbol。故填that/which。
2. 分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词recognizable，应用副词。故填easily。
3. 分析句子可知，come up with意为“想出，想到”，为固定搭配。故填with。
4. 分析句子，主语he与know之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词的-ing作状语。句首首字母大写。故填Knowing。
5. 分析句子可知，此处作Gustave Eiffel的同位语，指的是“埃菲尔铁塔的设计者”，故用名词形式。故填designer。
6. 分析句子可知，主语The statue与谓语动词give之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；且根据空后的in 1886可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是The statue。故填was given。
7. 分析句子，The Statue of Liberty与construct之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的-ed形式作定语。故填constructed。
8. 分析句子可知，此处表示“看得见的”，作后置定语修饰items，故用形容词visible。故填visible。
9. 分析句子可知，torch是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且torch的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10. 分析句子可知，此处描述客观事实，故应用一般现在时；主语为The tablet，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填represents。
37.【答案】Dear Ella,
Long time no see. ①Hearing that you're planning a trip to China during the summer holiday, I'm very delighted and I feel excited to recommend a city that you can't miss.
② Located in southwestern China, Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. With its long history and rich culture, Chengdu has many famous historic spots, such as Thatched Cottage of Du Fu, Wuhou Memorial Temple, Dujiangyan Irrigation System and so on. What's more, Chengdu is also famous for its special and tasty Sichuan cuisine. People here enjoy a comfortable and relaxed style of life and are very warm-hearted and friendly.
A letter is too short to include all the greatness and beauty of Chengdu. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题为推荐介绍，写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
① Located in坐落于
②historic spots历史名胜
③and so on等等
【高分句型】
① Hearing that you're planning a trip to China during the summer holiday, I'm very delighted and I feel excited to recommend a city that you can't miss.（动词的-ing形式作状语；that引导的宾语从句；that引导的定语从句）
②Located in southwestern China, Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province.（动词的-ed形式作状语）
【结构布局】
引言：说明写信目的
中心：可以介绍推荐城市
结尾：表达希望和祝愿
【拓展词汇】
①take...into consideration/account考虑……
②have a great fancy for喜爱
【拓展句型】
①I recommend it mainly for the following two reasons.（我推荐它主要有以下两个原因。）
②If you need further information, don't hesitate to contact me.（如果您需要更多的信息，请联系我。）
38.【答案】 People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. (要点1) The benefits include less noise, better air, more exercise and better overall health. (要点2) However, the disadvantages are senses of isolation and having little access to public services. (要点3) Thus, you had better think twice before moving to the countryside.（要点4）
【解析】【思路点拨】
【解题思路】
本文为一篇议论文的概要写作。首先定位每一段的段落要点，其次运用一些高级表达将段落要点句进行改写，然后考虑从文章结构和要点间的关系的角度确定衔接词，最后用衔接词将段落要点改写句连接起来。
要点1: 该段主要描述了人们在社交媒体上的表现来引出话题。主题句为: So, why is living in the countryside becoming a modern fantasy — and are there benefits of considering a slower pace of life
要点2: 该段主要讲述了居住在乡下的益处。主题句为: There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living.
要点3: 该段主要讲述了居住在乡下具体会有哪些缺点。论述内容可以从Loneliness can be a large drawback…a bit of a challenge.提炼。
要点4: 该段主要讲述了作者的建议：在决定搬到风景如画的乡下居住前要分析利弊。主题句为: there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
【结构衔接】
要点1为总写句；
要点2和要点3之间为并列关系，可用衔接词however;
要点4为对全文的总结，可用衔接词: Thus.
【亮点短语】
1.better overall health更好的整体健康
2.sense of isolation孤独感
3.having little access to很少有机会接触
【高分句式】
1.People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. (it形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语)
2.Thus, you had better think twice before moving to the countryside. (before引导的时间状语从句)
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
第12页，共19页
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Special Museums In Christchurch, New Zealand Yaldhurst Museum
The Yaldhurst Museum is a place for car lovers in Christchurch city, which displays classic cars over a span of a century. The small museum has a collection of the widest range of car models from horse—drawn vehicles to buggies (专用小汽车). Established by a car enthusiast and collector, Alfred Thornhill Cooper, the Yaldhurst Museum has been open for 50 years.
Open Time: Wednesday—Sunday, 10 a. m.—5 p. m. with the last entry of 3:45 p.m.
Entrance fee: $10 for students, $20 for adults.
Rutherford's Den
Rutherford's Den is a historic space for the country's most famous scientist—Ernest Rutherford, also known as the father of nuclear physics. Opened in Christchurch Arts Centre, it is a small interactive museum with collections of Rutherford's works. TVs, radios and even telephones are just some of the inventions thanks to the scientific discoveries of Rutherford, and his peers.
Open time: 10:30 a. m.—2:30 p.m., every day except Tuesdays and Wednesdays.
Entrance Fee: Free entry.
The Toy Collector
The Toy Collector is a new player in the museums in Christchurch. Born recently in 2016, The Toy Collector is for all toy lovers, displaying a huge collection of toys from all ages. You can witness all the toys you ever wanted as a child from Lego superhero minifigures to a movie-themed toy. You can take a trip down your memory in just an hour.
Open Time: Monday—Saturday, 9 a. m.—5 p. m. Sunday, 10 a. m.—4p. m.
Entrance Fee: $ 15 for an adult, $ 5 for children.
Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities
Come and explore the Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities, where you can see more than three thousand years of human history through an amazing collection of artifacts from Greek, Roman, Egyptian and Near Eastern cultures. Born in 2017, this small one-roomed museum is a new home for old objects. The collection is well laid out with the necessary descriptions of the objects.
Open Time: Wed.—Sun., 11 a. m.—3 p.m.
Entrance Fee: Free to enter.
1. When can visitors enter the Yaldhurst Museum
A. At 3 p. m., Tuesday. B. At 10 a. m., Thursday.
C. After 4 p. m, Saturday. D. Before 9 a. m., Sunday.
2. Which museum would you like to visit if you are interested in human history
A. Yaldhurst Museum.
B. Rutherford's Den.
C. The Toy Collector.
D. Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities.
3. What do the four museums have in common
A. They are all small in size. B. They are all heritage sites.
C. They are all new museums. D. They are all free for students.
B
Accompanied by her father, using a combination of aid and free climbing and taking advantage of some special equipment and ropes for protection, 10-year-old Selah made it to the top of El Capitan on June 12 after five days of big wall climbing.
Climbing the challenging and adventurous Nose Route of El Capitan was a labor of love for Selah in more than one way. Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love on this 3,000-plus-foot huge rock and she has always wanted to feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together. Selah showed great interest in rock climbing at an early age. She wore her first set of rock-climbing equipment shortly after she learned to walk. She first dreamed of climbing El Capitan when she was 6 or 7.
El Capitan is a famous mountain-sized rock in Yosemite National Park. Getting to its top is no easy task. El Capitan with its difficult Nose Route, which runs more than 3,000 feet high up the center of the rock's face, is considered one of the world's hardest big wall climbs and has attracted the best climbers over time. But never before had a youngster accomplished it.
Selah's achievement caught national attention. Outside Magazine called her the youngest documented person to climb the Nose. Ken Yager, president of the Yosemite Climbing Association, said he also couldn't think of anyone younger who has done it.
Selah is humble about her El Capitan accomplishment. "I'm not necessarily a special kid or anything like that," she said. "There were a few times when I would be so worn that it would kind of discourage me from holding on. But overall, it was just great to keep plugging away."
Selah shared this advice with other young climbers dreaming of big walls, "It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it."
4. What do we learn about Selah climbing El Capitan
A. She began her climbing on June 5.
B. She got inspired by her family history.
C. She managed without any external help.
D. She was the first female to reach the top.
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 3
A. To state El Capitan's history.
B. To prove El Capitan's popularity.
C. To introduce El Capitan's location.
D. To stress the challenge of climbing El Capitan.
6. Which of the following best describes Selah
A. Determined. B. Generous. C. Warm-hearted. D. Fortunate.
7. What may be Selah's advice for other young climbers
A. Dream big and aim high.
B. Be committed to your ambition.
C. Chance favors the prepared mind.
D. Nothing is impossible for a genius.
C
Australia is proud of a unique history that has been shaped by the diversity of her inhabitants. The three main elements that have been central to the creation of Australia's population composition are the diversity of her native population, colonization by the British in the past and the extensive immigration from diverse cultures.
Australia is home to the world's cultures and inhabitants who can identify with more than 270 ancestries (祖先). From the year 1945, the number of people who have immigrated to Australia from different parts of the globe is approximately seven million. The country considers the rich cultural diversity as its main strength which embodies its national identity.
In 1975, there was the racial discrimination (歧视) act, which meant that discrimination in the country was against the law. Later in 1995, the act was extended to ensure that any acts of racial hatred (仇恨) were against the law. To date, the act has been used in ensuring that Australia sends a strong message on the collective commitment to promoting racial equality and the significance of fairness for all.
On a range of measures, Australia is a multicultural success story. On educational attainment, studies show that children of immigrants in Australia get better average results than children of native-born Australians. This is significant because according to research conducted by the OECD, the successful integration of immigrant students is an important indicator of a country's success in its education system and equity and broader socially combinative policies.
The success in educational performance is mirrored in the broader economy of Australia as it attracts a significant proportion of skilled migrants annually who have a high labour market participation rate. In the year between 2016-2017, skilled migrants accounted for 67.3 percent of the total immigration program outcome that year. The net effect of a multiculturalism policy for Australia has been a brain gain for Australia and this is expected to continue growing.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The history of Australia.
B. The customs of Australia.
C. The character of Australians.
D. The population structure of Australia.
9. What does the underlined word "embodies" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Maintains. B. Represents. C. Assesses. D. Predicts.
10. From which can we see Australia's success in education
A. The higher educational standards.
B. The better overall grades of students.
C. The increasing number of immigrant children.
D. The better performance of immigrant children.
11. In which aspect does educational success benefit Australia
A. Bringing in more skilled migrants.
B. Reforming the immigration policy.
C. Developing immigration programs.
D. Making a booming labour market.
D
In addition to their daily tasks, the brave Mars pioneers will also have to be ready to deal with all kinds of medical mon colds and headaches may be easy to handle with medication. To help them with more serious issues, like severe skin burns, scientists from Dresden University of Technology (TUD) have developed a 3D bio-printer capable of producing human tissue in space.
3D bio-printers are similar to traditional 3D printers with one key difference. Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic, they deposit (放置) layers of biomaterial, made largely from living cells, to build complex human tissue. Since the raw material is not readily available, researchers begin by talking a few cells from the required organ, such as lungs or skin, and cultivating (培育) them in the laboratory. Once enough cells have been produced, they are used to create "bio-ink", which is loaded into the printer.
This, as you can imagine, is no easy task, and despite trying for many years, scientists have still not been able to reproduce human organs for widespread use. Bioprinting in space has even more challenges. The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink.
The TUD scientists believe the difficulty can be overcome by using cells from the injured astronaut. "Using biomaterial from the astronauts themselves also removes the risk of transplant rejection (移植排斥)," says Nieves Cubo Mateo, a bioprinting specialist.
The TUD researchers, who revealed the first bio-printed bone and skin samples on July 9, 2019, believe that once developed, the technology could help astronauts treat acute injuries. Tommaso Ghidini, head of ESA's Structures, Mechanisms and Materials Division says, "Carrying enough medical supplies for all possibilities would be impossible in the limited space of a spacecraft. Instead, a 3D bioprinting capability will let them respond to medical emergencies as they arise."
12. What's the main difference between 3D bio-printers and traditional ones
A. The work efficiency.
B. The operation principle.
C. The progress of making objects.
D. The material used to make objects.
13. What is the biggest problem to using bioprinting in space
A. How to get raw material.
B. How to bring bio-ink to the space.
C. How to reduce the risk of rejection.
D. How to take cells from injured astronauts.
14. What's Tommaso Ghidini's attitude to 3D bio-printers
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Conservative. D. Unconcerned.
15. What's the best title for the text
A. Is biomaterial safer for the astronauts
B. Are 3D bio-printers worth the money
C. Can printing human tissue become a reality
D. Can 3D bio-printers benefit Mars astronauts
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
The Ironman triathlon, which originated in the US state of Hawai in 1978, is a three-sport competition that combines running, biking, and swimming. Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles during one day of the race. (1) The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons.
The initial Hawaii event drew just 15 participants. In following years and decades, hundreds of athletes signed up for the 17-hour competition. Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors in extreme heat, strong winds, and sometimes rain. (2)
Those participating in an Ironman triathlon begin training at least four to six months in advance. Typically, three to eight hours a day are devoted to training in all three sports during the week, with one or two days of rest each week. (3) It is common for athletes to run, bike and swim three to four times the race amount in one week. Many join clubs or train with partners.
Much energy, perseverance, and psychological strength are needed to complete the Ironman triathlon. At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion, according to world championship data. (4) Although the Ironman competition draws mostly young competitors, some are in their 60s, 70s and occasionally, 80s. Men and women are allowed to compete.
(5) Many sustain their energy by devoting 40 percent of their diet to carbohydrates. Protein typically makes up 30 percent of nutrition for competitors. Fat intake can be as high as 30 percent.
A. Even finishers often suffer injuries.
B. Diet is very important for triathletes.
C. This intense schedule makes the athletes powerful.
D. There is generally no break between the sports activities.
E. Athletes have to reduce their food intake on the big day.
F. Modern-day versions of the event follow that outdoor tradition.
G. Competing would give you drive and determination that carry into your life.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A 30-year-old woman from California is being called a hero for saving a stranger's life by donating one of her kidneys to him.
At the beginning of 2018, Jessica made a special new year (21) — to save someone's life. In San Francisco, writer David had almost given up the (22) of finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years, and was coming to terms with the idea of (23) . But he decided to give it one more try and posted an ad online. (24) , Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise and (25) him.
Considering what David had been (26) under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism. Even after they met, David couldn't believe he would get another (27) of life. But then he got confirmation that Jessica was a (28) and was asked to schedule the surgery. After two months of (29) preparation, Jessica and David went into surgery together, and she gave him a part of herself so that he could (30) living.
Now both of them are (31) from the operation. Although this kind of surgery carries a (32) , they both focus on the positive fact that the operation was (33) and both have found a friend for life. "He'll (34) be my friend for life. He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice," Jessica jokingly said, (35) that they determine to go backpacking together soon.
21. A. present B. celebration C. decision D. survey
22. A. freedom B. hope C. job D. approach
23. A. sharing B. winning C. escaping D. dying
24. A. Luckily B. Gradually C. Naturally D. Clearly
25. A. contacted B. licensed C. believed D. recognized
26. A. seeing through B. going through C. longing for D. searching for
27. A. chance B. way C. purpose D. challenge
28. A. patient B. match C. friend D. sponsor
29. A. excellent B. important C. careful D. simple
30. A. appreciate B. enjoy C. miss D. continue
31. A. suffering B. learning C. returning D. recovering
32. A. virus B. risk C. result D. disease
33. A. thoughtful B. typical C. successful D. practical
34. A. definitely B. happily C. quickly D. proudly
35. A. promising B. adding C. insisting D. ordering
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. The United States has many symbols — the bald eagle, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, and others — but one symbol (1) stands out for those coming to the United States from another country is the Statue of Liberty. In fact, this statue is a monument to freedom and (2) (easy) recognizable all over the world.
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, came up (3) the idea for the Statue of Liberty. (4) (know) how large he wanted the statue to be, he enlisted (争取) Gustave Eiffel, (5) (design) of the Eiffel Tower to help him create the structure of the statue. The statue (6) (give) to the United States in 1886 by the people of France as a gesture of friendship.
The Statue of Liberty, (7) (construct) entirely in France, traveled by boat from France to New York Harbor. Standing in New York Harbor welcoming immigrants, visitors and those returning to the United States after traveling abroad, the statue is about 305 feet tall, including the pedestal. It is one of the first items (8) (vision) when people are flying to beautiful New York.
The Statue of Liberty is a robed woman, who appears to be stepping forward with her left foot stepping on broken shackles (镣铐). She holds (9) torch in one hand, symbolizing enlightenment. The tablet made of stone in her left hand (10) (represent) knowledge.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚好友Ella计划暑期到中国旅游，请你给她写邮件推荐一个城市，并说明推荐理由。
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Living in the countryside
When lockdowns descended upon (降临) many countries across the world during the pandemic, social media seemed to be dominated by pictures of cottages and village life. So, why is living in the countryside becoming a modern fantasy—and are there benefits of considering a slower pace of life It makes sense that some people would want to give up the crowded and noisy city streets for the perceived tranquility (宁静) of the traditional country life—especially during an event like a pandemic. But it's not just about having a greener place to look at out your window．
There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living. Villages aren't normally subject to the stop-go traffic we see in city centers, the buses fighting with taxis for dominance, or metro systems with trains that scream from one station to the next. In short, there's less noise and air pollution in the countryside. You also get more opportunities to take long walks and see the sights, meaning you can get more exercise. Less noise, more walks and better air can also lead to less stress and an increased life expectancy (预期寿命), according to studies such as one conducted by the British government in 2012.
However, there are some things that need to be considered. Loneliness can be a large drawback when it comes to moving to the countryside. Living far from the hustle and bustle of the city means that some people may feel isolated or even lonely. And as people get older, life far from doctors or public transport could become a bit of a challenge.
So, if you're considering a change of pace and moving to a picturesque village, there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了新西兰克赖斯特彻奇的四个特别的博物馆。
根据Yaldhurst Museum中的Open Time可知，该博物馆开放时间是周三到周日的上午10点到下午5点，下午3:45之后不能再进人。因此，星期四上午10点可以去Yaldhurst Museum。故选B。
2. 根据Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities中where you can see more than three thousand years of human history（在那里你可以看到三千多年的人类历史）可知，如果你对人类历史感兴趣，你会想去Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities。故选D。
3. 根据Yaldhurst Museum中的The small museum（小的博物馆）；Rutherford's Den中it is a small interactive museum（它是一个小型的交互式博物馆）；The Toy Collector中的You can take a trip down your memory in just an hour（您可以在一个小时内完成您的记忆之旅）和Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities中的this small one-roomed museum（这间小的只有一间房的博物馆）可知，四个博物馆都不大。故选A。
4~7.【答案】B、D、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了10岁的Selah在父亲的陪同下，借助一些特殊装备和绳索，在经历了5天的大岩壁攀登后，于6月12日登上了埃尔卡皮坦山顶的故事。
根据第二段中的Her parents, Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love…feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together（她的父母，迈克和乔伊·施耐特，在这块3000多英尺高的巨石上坠入爱河，她一直想感受父母在那里时的感受。）可知，Selah从她的家族史中受到启发。故选B。
2. 根据第三段中的El Capitan with its difficult Nose Route…But never before had a youngster accomplished it（埃尔卡皮坦岩壁有一条难度很大的鼻道，从岩面的中心往上爬超过3000英尺，被认为是世界上最艰难的大岩壁攀登之一，并吸引了许多最优秀的攀岩者。但以前从来没有一个年轻人能做到这一点。）可知，攀登埃尔卡皮坦山是十分艰难的。故选D。
3. 根据第五段中的There were a few times when I would be so worn…it was just great to keep plugging away（有几次，我太累了，有点不愿意坚持下去。但总的来说，坚持不懈还是很不错的。）可知，Selah是有决心的。故选A。
4. 根据文章最后一段中的It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it（并不需要一个特别的人来做这样的事。你只需要用心去做）可知，Selah给其他年轻攀登者的建议是坚定自己的雄心抱负。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、B、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚是一个多元文化的移民国家。
1. 第一段介绍了澳大利亚以其居民的多样性所塑造的独特历史而自豪。澳大利亚人口构成的三个主要因素是其本土人口的多样性、过去英国人的殖民化以及来自不同文化的广泛移民。由此可知，本段主要介绍了澳大利亚的人口结构。故选D。
2. 根据画线词所在句The country considers the rich cultural diversity as its main strength which embodies its national identity.（这个国家把丰富的文化多样性作为它的主要力量，体现了它的民族认同。）可知，这个国家认为丰富的文化多样性是其主要优势，文化多样性体现了民族认同。所以画线词意为“体现”，和Represents意思相近，故选B。
3. 根据第四段中On educational attainment, studies show that children of immigrants in Australia get better average results than children of native-born Australians. This is significant because according to research conducted by the OECD, the successful integration of immigrant students is an important indicator of a country's success in its education system and equity and broader socially combinative policies.（在教育成就方面，有研究表明，澳大利亚移民子女的平均成绩要优于澳大利亚本土出生的子女。这很重要，因为根据经合组织的研究，移民学生的成功融入是一个国家在教育体系和公平以及更广泛的社会联合政策方面取得成功的重要指标。）可知，澳大利亚在教育上的成功体现在移民孩子的学习成绩比本土孩子好。故选D。
4. 根据最后一段The success in educational performance is mirrored in the broader economy of Australia as it attracts a significant proportion of skilled migrants annually who have a high labour market participation rate.可知，澳大利亚在教育上的成功吸引了很多有技能的移民。故选A。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机。
根据第二段中的Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic（而不是用塑料之类的材料来创造物体）可知，这款3D生物打印机与传统的3D打印机的最主要的区别在于用于打印的原材料不同。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中的The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink（最大的挑战是寻找细胞来培养和制造所需的生物墨水）可知，在太空使用3D生物打印机的最大困难是找到细胞来培育和创造所需的“生物墨水”，即打印的原材料。故选A。
3. 根据最后一段中的Instead, a 3D bioprinting … as they arise（相反，3D生物打印的能力将让他们在出现医疗紧急情况时做出反应。）可推知，Tommaso Ghidini对3D生物打印机持赞同的态度。故选B。
4. 本文主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤等问题，科学家研发了一种能够在太空中打印人体组织的3D生物打印机，D项（3D生物打印机能造福火星宇航员吗 ）符合语境。故选D。
16~20.【答案】D、F、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了铁人三项赛的构成以及运动员的训练强度等。
根据上文中的Participants swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles during one day of the race.（参赛者在一天的比赛中游泳2.4英里，骑车112英里，跑步26.2英里。）和下文中的The swim-bike-run order is consistent for most Ironman triathlons（游泳——自行车——跑步的顺序在大多数铁人三项比赛中是一致的）可知，本段是在介绍铁人三项赛的内容，D项（体育活动之间一般没有休息时间。）符合题意。故选D。
2. 根据上文中的Original Ironman triathlons were usually completed outdoors in extreme heat, strong winds, and sometimes rain.（最初的铁人三项通常是在酷热、强风、有时下雨的户外完成的。）可知，最初这项运动是在户外进行的，F项（现代版本的活动遵循户外传统。）符合题意。故选F。
3. 根据上文中的three to eight hours a da…one or two days of rest each week（每周有3到8个小时的训练时间，每周有1到2天的休息时间。）可知，运动员日程安排很紧张，C项（这种紧张的日程安排使运动员们力量强大。）符合题意。故选C。
4. 根据上文中的At least 10 percent of triathletes give up before completion（至少有10%的铁人三项运动员在完成比赛之前就放弃了），故A项（即使完成比赛的选手也经常受伤）与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A。
5. 根据下文Many sustain their energy by…as high as 30 percent（许多人通过将40%的饮食用于碳水化合物来维持能量。蛋白质通常占参赛选手营养的30%。脂肪摄入量可高达30%。）可知，本段讲的是运动员的饮食方面，故B项（饮食对铁人三项运动员来说非常重要。）能概括本段的内容。故选B。
21~35.【答案】C、B、D、A、A、B、A、B、C、D、D、B、C、A、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了Jessica无偿捐肾拯救作家David的故事。
句意：在2018年初，杰西卡做出了一个特殊的新年承诺，要挽救某人的生命。present礼物；celebration庆祝；decision决定；survey调查。根据下文中的Jessica was looking for a way to fulfill her promise可知，在2018年年初，Jessica作出了一个特别的新年决定：拯救某人的生命。故选C。
2. 句意：在旧金山，作家大卫在经历了七年的肾衰竭之后，几乎放弃了寻找肾脏捐赠者的希望，并开始接受死亡的想法。freedom自由；hope希望；job工作；approach方法。根据下文中的finding a kidney donor after suffering from kidney failure for seven years可知，David患肾衰竭七年了，他对找到肾脏捐献者已经几乎不抱什么希望了。故选B。
3. 句意同上。sharing分享；winning获胜；escaping逃离；dying死亡。根据上文中的coming to terms with可知，David打算向死亡妥协。故选D。
4. 句意：幸运的是，杰西卡正在寻找实现诺言的方法并与他取得联系。Luckily幸好；Gradually逐步地；Naturally自然地；Clearly很明显地。根据上文中的But he decided to give it one more try及语境可知，幸运的是，Jessica正有帮助别人的打算。故选A。
5. 句意同上。contacted联系；licensed批准；believed相信；recognized认出。当Jessica看到了David寻找肾源的启事之后，她联系了David。故选A。
6. 句意：考虑到大卫在长期患病期间所经历的一切，很容易理解他的怀疑。seeing through看穿；going through经历（尤为艰难时期）；longing for渴望；searching for搜索。根据下文中的under his long illness, it's easy to understand his skepticism可知，在患肾衰竭的七年里，大卫经历了许多。故选B。
7. 句意：David不敢相信他将得到再一次生存的机会。chance机会；way方法；purpose目的；challenge挑战。根据上文内容并结合语境可知，David不敢相信他将得到再一次生存的机会。故选A。
8. 句意：但随后他得到证实，杰西卡与他配型成功，并被要求安排手术。patient病人；match相配的人（或物）；friend朋友；sponsor赞助者。根据文章的内容和下文中的was asked to schedule the surgery可知，大卫得到确认，杰西卡的肾适合他。故选B。
9. 句意：在经历了两个月的准备时间后，杰西卡和大卫一起进了手术室，她给了他自己身体器官的一部分，以便他能够继续生活。excellent极好的；important重要的；careful仔细的；simple简单的。根据two months和preparation并结合语境可知，经过两个月的细致准备，杰西卡和大卫一起进行了手术。故选C。
10. 句意同上。appreciate感激；enjoy喜欢；miss错过；continue继续。根据上文中的she gave him a part of herself可知，杰西卡捐给大卫她的肾，所以他能继续活着。故选D。
11. 句意：现在他们都从手术中恢复过来了。suffering遭受；learning学习；returning返回；recovering恢复。根据下文中的from the operation和they determine to go backpacking together soon可知，大卫杰西卡都在康复中。故选D。
12. 句意：虽然这种手术有风险，但他们都专注于手术成功的积极事实，并且找到彼此这个终生的朋友。virus病毒；risk风险；result结果；disease疾病。根据下文中的内容及常识可知，肾移植手术有一定的风险。故选B。
13. 句意同上。thoughtful体贴人的；typical典型的；successful成功的；practical实际的。根据文章的内容可知，他们的肾移植手术非常成功。故选C。
14. 句意：他将是我一生中真正的朋友。definitely肯定地；happily开心地；quickly快速地；proudly骄傲地。根据下文中的He has a piece of me for life, so he has no choice可知，杰西卡开玩笑说大卫肯定会成为她终生的朋友，因为他的身上有自己的一部分。故选A。
15. 句意：杰西卡开玩笑地说“他是我生命中的一部分，所以他别无选择。”杰西卡补充说他们决定不久后一起背包旅行。promising承诺；adding补充说；insisting坚持；ordering订购。根据上文中的Jessica jokingly said和下文的内容可知，杰西卡补充说他们决定不久后一起背包旅行。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
that/which
【小题2】
easily
【小题3】
with
【小题4】
Knowing
【小题5】
designer
【小题6】
was given
【小题7】
constructed
【小题8】
visible
【小题9】
a
【小题10】
represents
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且指代先行词one symbol。故填that/which。
2. 分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词recognizable，应用副词。故填easily。
3. 分析句子可知，come up with意为“想出，想到”，为固定搭配。故填with。
4. 分析句子，主语he与know之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词的-ing作状语。句首首字母大写。故填Knowing。
5. 分析句子可知，此处作Gustave Eiffel的同位语，指的是“埃菲尔铁塔的设计者”，故用名词形式。故填designer。
6. 分析句子可知，主语The statue与谓语动词give之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；且根据空后的in 1886可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是The statue。故填was given。
7. 分析句子，The Statue of Liberty与construct之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的-ed形式作定语。故填constructed。
8. 分析句子可知，此处表示“看得见的”，作后置定语修饰items，故用形容词visible。故填visible。
9. 分析句子可知，torch是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且torch的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10. 分析句子可知，此处描述客观事实，故应用一般现在时；主语为The tablet，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填represents。
37.【答案】Dear Ella,
Long time no see. ①Hearing that you're planning a trip to China during the summer holiday, I'm very delighted and I feel excited to recommend a city that you can't miss.
② Located in southwestern China, Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. With its long history and rich culture, Chengdu has many famous historic spots, such as Thatched Cottage of Du Fu, Wuhou Memorial Temple, Dujiangyan Irrigation System and so on. What's more, Chengdu is also famous for its special and tasty Sichuan cuisine. People here enjoy a comfortable and relaxed style of life and are very warm-hearted and friendly.
A letter is too short to include all the greatness and beauty of Chengdu. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题为推荐介绍，写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
① Located in坐落于
②historic spots历史名胜
③and so on等等
【高分句型】
① Hearing that you're planning a trip to China during the summer holiday, I'm very delighted and I feel excited to recommend a city that you can't miss.（动词的-ing形式作状语；that引导的宾语从句；that引导的定语从句）
②Located in southwestern China, Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province.（动词的-ed形式作状语）
【结构布局】
引言：说明写信目的
中心：可以介绍推荐城市
结尾：表达希望和祝愿
【拓展词汇】
①take...into consideration/account考虑……
②have a great fancy for喜爱
【拓展句型】
①I recommend it mainly for the following two reasons.（我推荐它主要有以下两个原因。）
②If you need further information, don't hesitate to contact me.（如果您需要更多的信息，请联系我。）
38.【答案】 People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. (要点1) The benefits include less noise, better air, more exercise and better overall health. (要点2) However, the disadvantages are senses of isolation and having little access to public services. (要点3) Thus, you had better think twice before moving to the countryside.（要点4）
【解析】【思路点拨】
【解题思路】
本文为一篇议论文的概要写作。首先定位每一段的段落要点，其次运用一些高级表达将段落要点句进行改写，然后考虑从文章结构和要点间的关系的角度确定衔接词，最后用衔接词将段落要点改写句连接起来。
要点1: 该段主要描述了人们在社交媒体上的表现来引出话题。主题句为: So, why is living in the countryside becoming a modern fantasy — and are there benefits of considering a slower pace of life
要点2: 该段主要讲述了居住在乡下的益处。主题句为: There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living.
要点3: 该段主要讲述了居住在乡下具体会有哪些缺点。论述内容可以从Loneliness can be a large drawback…a bit of a challenge.提炼。
要点4: 该段主要讲述了作者的建议：在决定搬到风景如画的乡下居住前要分析利弊。主题句为: there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
【结构衔接】
要点1为总写句；
要点2和要点3之间为并列关系，可用衔接词however;
要点4为对全文的总结，可用衔接词: Thus.
【亮点短语】
1.better overall health更好的整体健康
2.sense of isolation孤独感
3.having little access to很少有机会接触
【高分句式】
1.People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. (it形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语)
2.Thus, you had better think twice before moving to the countryside. (before引导的时间状语从句)
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
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