人教版（2019）选择性必修四 Unit 5 Launching Your Career 单元能力提升（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修四 Unit 5 Launching Your Career 单元能力提升（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-27 14:30:31 | ||
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Unit 5 Launching Your Career
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Life and Health Insurance Risk Manager Our company, which has partnered an international insurer, is looking for a full-time risk manager to be 2nd line to the people with responsibility for the UK Life and Health Insurance business. The role is in a small risk team and is suited to a high-performing individual.
Responsibilities
—Support the chief risk officer.
—Oversee the monitoring and reporting of health and life risks.
—Deliver advice and work with internal and external stakeholders (股东).
—Assess relevant risks for technical pricing and reinsurance.
—Continuously contribute to the capital requirements, internal model reviews and data model processes.
Key requirements
The individual would ideally be a qualified life and health manager and has experience in risk management or consulting. You must work in the UK—this rule was added recently so when applying please state your eligibility (资格) to work in the UK. (E. g. British passport, Irish passport, ILR, settled status, etc.)
Salary
70,000— 90,000 per year+competitive package
Contact information
Deadline for applications is 14th May 2021.
If interested, apply here or contact Abi Logeswaran at HFG Insurance Recruitment. Sign in to apply instantly.
Please send job updates and service emails from . All emails will contain a link in the footer to enable you to unsubscribe at any time. When you apply for a job we will send your application to a person, who may contact you. By applying for a job listed on , you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. You should never be required to provide bank account details. If you are, please email us.
1. What is a full-time risk manager required to do
A. Set price for reinsurance.
B. Detect health and life risks.
C. Assess the future of the company.
D. Assign work to the chief risk officer.
2. Which of the following is a must of the job
A. Staying in the UK. B. Being fluent in English.
C. Working flexible hours. D. Holding a British passport.
3. What should you mind when applying for the job
A. Confirming the reply in time. B. Sending the CV before May.
C. Accepting the privacy policy. D. Subscribing to related emails.
B
In 1972, Richard Sears, a young American from the state of Tennessee, began learning Chinese because of his fascination with traditional Chinese culture.
"Chinese characters are the only ancient script now still in use in the world and it's a wonder of human history," said Sears in fluent Chinese.
As a primitive form of Chinese characters and the oldest fully developed characters in China, Jiaguwen, or oracle bone inscriptions (刻写的文字), were first discovered in 1899 and named for their inscriptions on tortoise shells and animal bones.
Drawn to the ancient language, Sears often went back and forth between China and the US. In 1994, he made a decision to make the ancient Chinese characters available online. Taking advantage of his professional skill, Sears started programming and building a database of oracle bone inscriptions on his own. It took him seven years just to scan the characters in ancient Chinese books.
In 2002, the Jiaguwen enthusiast's website was launched, though with only a few page views per day in the beginning. However, it surged to 600,000 per day in 2011 after a blogger recommended the site on Chinese social media platform Weibo. "I became a web celebrity overnight and was given a nickname 'Uncle Hanzi'," Sears said with a smile. Hanzi means Chinese characters.
During the past 26 years, he has accumulated a great deal of information on his website —more than 96,000 ancient Chinese character forms from archeological sources. Up till now, the website has been continuously updated, giving lovers of the ancient language from all over the world free access to a browse in their free time. In order to reveal the mystery behind the ancient characters, he spent a great deal of money and time buying and going through dozens of books, living on very little money.
Since last year, Sears has been working with a Chinese technology company on a smartphone application for children to learn about how the characters evolved (逐渐演变). The app is expected to be launched soon.
4. What do we know about oracle bone inscriptions
A. They used to spread to other countries in Europe.
B. They are the only ancient language still in use today.
C. They were first discovered more than 100 years ago.
D. They were named for their inscriptions on hard rocks.
5. Why did Sears launch the website
A. To save the ancient Chinese characters.
B. To give people access to Jiaguwen online.
C. To practice the professional computer skill.
D. To gather more information about Jiaguwen.
6. What happened to Sears' website in 2011
A. It boomed suddenly. B. It suffered a big loss.
C. It was renamed by the viewers. D. It stopped updating temporarily.
7. Which of the following best describes Sears' current life
A. Wealthy. B. Lonely. C. Quiet. D. Plain.
C
When you donate money to a charity, do you ever wonder where your money is actually going, and who it's helping Do you worry that the organization isn't reflecting your values exactly, or isn't totally transparent (透明的)
A new app, called Sparrow, promises to take the guesswork out of giving and ensure donors make a meaningful influence. They're doing this by allowing donors to choose a specific "rule" and tie it to their giving. For example, you can set it up so that every time you fill up your gas tank, a small part of the sales goes to an environmental nonprofit organization of your choice. You can set a cap on your donation and choose how long you want the app to track it. And, the app doesn't take a cut in your donation, meaning that every dollar you give is passed on to the charities you want to support.
While researching the psychology of effective giving, the researchers became frustrated that there was no existing solution that makes donation simple and enjoyable. "We started Sparrow because we've seen that the best way to make people's intentions agree with their behavior is to design an environment that makes it extremely easy to do so," two of its founders, Fitz and Kagan, wrote in a blog post.
To use Sparrow, users first set up "giving rules"—choosing things you do or events happening in the world and pairing them with an automatic donation to one of the company's chosen collections of evidence-based charities. Then, as you go about your life, some of your activities will cause the rules to function and the donations are automatically transferred (转移) to the nonprofit organizations from your bank account.
The New York Times best-selling author A. J. Jacobs said, "I'm a huge fan. I think it's a way to celebrate the good things and I hope it takes off and floods evidence-based charities with funds." Fitz and Kagan added, "By taking evidence-based approaches to building the evidence-based movement, I believe we can do even more good."
8. What does the underlined phrase "take a cut in" mean
A. Keep back. B. Work out. C. Keep track of. D. Take charge of.
9. Why did the researchers invent the app
A. To simplify the work of charities.
B. To encourage voluntary donation.
C. To show people's donation intentions.
D. To make the donation effective.
10. How does the app help its users
A. By giving financial advice. B. By making donation rules.
C. By choosing proper charities. D. By identifying the donations.
11. What does A. J. Jacobs expect of the app
A. It will help regulate the donors' behavior.
B. It will make it easier to raise fund for users.
C. It will bring in more evidence-based charities.
D. It will promote the use of other donation apps.
D
A handful of 28,000-year-old woolly mammoth (a large extinct elephant) cell parts were recently "woken up" for a short time in a new experiment. In the experiment, the researchers extracted cells from a woolly mammoth whose remains were discovered in 2011. Then, the scientists recovered the least-damaged nuclei (细胞核) from each cell and took the nuclei into mouse eggs.
At first, this method "activated" the mammoth chromosomes (染色体), as several biological reactions that occurred before cell division actually happened within the mouse cell. But these reactions soon came to a crashing end, probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.
But why did the researchers put mammoth DNA into mouse eggs The answer has to do with an egg's ability to recreate DNA and divide into more cells. "At first, the cellular machinery did try to fix damaged DNA within the chromosomes and piece together the broken bits", said Beth Shapiro, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, who was not involved in the study. "But the egg can only do so much. As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth."
Other research groups are also trying to revive the mammoth, using different technology. George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University, is using CRISPR—a tool that can edit DNA's bases—to insert woolly mammoth genes into the DNA of Asian elephants, which are closely related to the extinct animals. "They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome."
Bringing back the ice age mammals is controversial, however. Many conservationists argue that resources should be spent on currently threatened or endangered animals rather than large animals that died off long ago.
12. What did the researchers think probably stopped the reactions
A. The quick cell division.
B. The limited ability of mouse cells.
C. The lack of advanced technology.
D. The severe damage of mammoth DNA.
13. What can we infer from Shapiro's words in paragraph 3
A. The cellular machinery didn't work at all.
B. Cloning a mammoth is against the laws of nature.
C. The mouse eggs were to blame for the cloning failure.
D. Cloning a mammoth by current technology is impossible.
14. What does Shapiro think of George Church's method
A. It complicates the cloning experiment.
B. It is off the goal of reviving a mammoth.
C. It has drawn criticism from geneticists.
D. It is useless in cloning the Asian elephants.
15. What is the title for the text
A. Cloning Mammoths Is Controversial
B. Saving Endangered Animals Comes First
C. Cloning Mammoths Is Still a Pipe Dream
D. Scientists Made a Breakthrough in Cloning
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Magnet schools are public schools that have specialized curricula in areas such as the sciences, arts, leadership, and languages. Students often choose magnet schools to challenge themselves in fields that appeal to their interests. (1)
Magnet schools were born in the late 1960s, when students attended schools closest to their homes. (2) Students from diverse neighborhoods would choose to attend a school that might be further from home because the school catered to (满足需要) their particular strengths and interests.
Many magnet schools have remained true to their original goals of promoting diversity through educational choice. Connecticut, for example, has 95 magnet schools across the state, and all have admissions policies designed to promote both socioeconomic and racial diversity. (3)
Admissions to some schools will be all but guaranteed while other schools reject more applicants than they admit. (4) Some operate on a simple lottery that assures (确保) equal opportunity for attendance across all applicants. Other schools have deliberate (蓄意的) procedures for assuring a balanced mix of students from different neighborhoods. More selective schools may have tests and interviews as part of the application process.
(5) Funded by taxpayers, they have no other cost for attendance. Students get a high quality education for free. Magnet schools typically have very high graduation and college placement rates. Yet students may live far away and transportation may not be provided by schools. These are things you need to take into consideration when thinking of applying for a magnet school.
A. It clearly places an added burden on parents.
B. You can access the requirements from their websites.
C. These schools consistently rank among the top in the state.
D. The term "magnet", in fact, refers to this idea of attraction.
E. The processes vary greatly from school to school and city to city.
F. Magnet schools come with a mix of advantages and disadvantages.
G. Magnet schools were designed to draw students from different zones.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A few months ago, one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity. His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had (21) an invitation to speak on a panel conference. It would look great on his CV. I was happy for him, of course. I had been a(n) (22) partner in the campaign. I felt that I deserved the same opportunity. Yet I hadn't been (23) and I wasn't sure why.
Growing up, I had been taught that the way to (24) was to put my head down and work hard. If my work was good enough, it would speak for itself and I would be (25) . This view, coupled with a natural shyness, meant that I (26) had the nerve to put myself forward.
However, I decided that I need to (27) my life — by becoming my own biggest advocate. So, with my heart beating fast, I asked my classmate to ask the panel organizers to (28) me. My mind was filled with a list of well-practiced (29) . Maybe I didn't deserve it. Maybe I was being too ambitious. But he immediately contacted the organizers, who quickly agreed to (30) me to the panel. Now I've come to understand that I can't be (31) if I'm invisible (隐形的). This isn't a revolutionary idea which many people are unfamiliar with. I know, but as an introvert (内向的人) this is my (32) Mount Qomolangma.
I think advocating for myself will always make me a little (33) . But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to (34) I'm living my best life, like getting flu shots. I suppose I can do the same for my (35) .
21. A. relied on B. led to C. turned down D. put forward
22. A. special B. outgoing C. strict D. equal
23. A. reminded B. promoted C. invited D. received
24. A. success B. practice C. power D. reality
25. A. attracted B. protected C. rewarded D. affected
26. A. quietly B. suddenly C. rarely D. completely
27. A. make sense of B. give way to
C. pay attention to D. take control of
28. A. benefit B. include C. observe D. change
29. A. self-defence B. self-satisfaction
C. self-control D. self-doubt
30. A. track B. send C. hire D. add
31. A. recognized B. discovered C. recommended D. bothered
32. A. personal B. flexible C. simple D. traditional
33. A. unreasonable B. uncomfortable C. dishonest D. discontented
34. A. prove B. ensure C. record D. predict
35. A. health B. glory C. career D. study
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Singing is one of those universal actions that everyone can do for fun, regardless of how they sound. According to recent studies (1) (conduct) at Goethe University Frankfurt, singing can be actually helpful to your immune system. The study focused (2) a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies (抗体) was (3) (obvious) higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely (4) (get) sick.
Singing actually is the perfect physical exercise for people who are injured, disabled or elderly. Not only (5) (do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation. This can lead to better results when people hit the gym thanks to the person's increased aerobic (有氧的) capacity and newfound physical or mental strength.
The simple truth is that singing makes you happy. It releases endorphins (内啡肽), a chemical (6) reduces pain and makes you feel (7) (happy) and less stressed.
People who sing, especially in choirs and on the stage are known to have better social skills and be less lonely. (8) (stand) on the stage and performing can be tough, (9) when you do it in a group, it can help improve your sense of self as well as increase your (10) (confident).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Lungs nearly burst. I struggled to lift my head out of the water. Inch by inch, my tired body reached the end of the pool.
The extent of my swimming career was purely recreational, while the competitive swimmers nearby thought nothing of the seemingly simple task of a 500-meter swim test. Pushing myself to finish what I had started, I could only think: why not take the easy way out
Earlier that week, I had turned in my first job application at a local pool. Overqualified, I was hired on the spot. However, the tasks were boring: helping confused visitors and measuring the height of children before they went down the slide (滑梯). I was capable of more.
So a swim test was required, establishing the mere fact that I was not completely helpless in a pool. Midway through, the manager administering the test remarked, "This looks really easy for you. Why aren't you applying to become a guard "
"The thought didn't cross my mind."
"Well, lifeguarding demands more responsibility, strength and respect. Thus the position pays $ 2 more per hour. Your swimming skills are strong enough. All you need to do is complete a certification class."
Inside I was unsure of myself, but his words inspired me—You never know what you are capable of until you force yourself to do it.
Soon I passed the swim test. All left was to practice and learn first aid, CPR (心肺复苏), and procedures for different land-based and water-based emergencies.
Work started soon. A well-intentioned yet anxious feeling in me soon passed. Days, weeks, and months went by without incident; emergencies were rare. The skills and training I had so carefully studied and acquired seemed unnecessary.
Today appeared to be another uneventful day. However, shortly after the other guards signaled to the children to exit the pool, I noticed one boy was still in the middle while the others had climbed up.
Paragraph 1:
"Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck.
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六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 假定你是光明中学的学生李明，你在某英文报上读到一则招聘中学生英文兼职记者的广告，你有意向应聘这份工作。请写一封申请信应聘该职位，信的内容包括：
(1)表述申请意愿；
(2)自我介绍及优势。
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________
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答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了一家公司招聘人寿和健康保险风险经理的相关情况。
根据Responsibilities部分中的Oversee the monitoring and reporting of health and life risks（负责健康和生命风险的监测和报告）可知，这份工作要求应聘者负责监督健康和生命风险的监测和报告。故选B。
2. 根据Key requirements部分中的You must work in the UK可知，应聘者必须在英国上班。故选A。
3. 根据文章最后一段中的By applying for a job listed on , you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy（通过申请在上列出的工作，您同意我们的条款和条件和隐私政策）可知，应聘者必须同意该公司的条款和隐私政策。故选C。
4~7.【答案】C、B、A、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了对汉字着迷的美国人Richard Sears以及他创建的甲骨文网站。
根据第三段中的内容As a primitive form of Chinese characters...on tortoise shells and animal bones.（甲骨文是中国文字的一种原始形式，也是中国最古老、最完整的文字。甲骨文最早发现于1899年，以刻在龟壳和兽骨上的铭文命名。）可知，甲骨文最早于1899年被发现。故选C。
2. 根据第四段中的In 1994, he made a decision to make the ancient Chinese characters available online（1994年，他决定将古汉字放到网上）可知，Sears创建网站的目的是让人们在网络上接触到甲骨文这种古汉字。故选B。
3. 根据第五段中的However, it surged to 600,000 per day in 2011（但在2011年猛增至每天60万名）可知，2011年Sears的网站突然受到欢迎。故选A。
4. 根据倒数第二段中的In order to…living on very little money可知，为了揭开古代汉字的神秘面纱，Sears花了大量的钱和时间购买各种各样的书，只留较少的钱用来生活。D项“朴素的”可以描述Sears的生活。故选D。
8~11.【答案】A、D、C、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一款捐款app，它能使用户捐款变得更加容易，且用户可随时追踪捐款信息，使捐款过程变得更加透明。
根据画线短语后的meaning that every dollar you give is passed on to the charities you want to support可知，你捐赠的每一美元都能转到你想要支持的慈善机构，这款app不会扣留你的钱，故A项与画线短语意思最接近。keep back意为“保留（或扣留）某物的一部分”。故选A。
2. 根据第三段中的We started Sparrow…to design an environment that makes it extremely easy to do so（我们创办Sparrow是因为我们已经看到，让人们的意图与他们的行为一致的最好方法是设计一个非常容易做到这一点的环境）可知，发明这款app的原因是要为捐赠者创造一个环境，在这个环境中，他们所捐的钱能够真正发挥作用，也就是说使捐赠更有效。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的choosing things you do…evidence-based charities（选择你所做的事情或世界上正在发生的事件，并将它们与公司选择的基于证据的慈善组织中的一个自动捐款配对。）可知，这个app帮助用户选择合适的慈善机构。故选C。
4. 根据最后一段中的I hope it takes off and floods evidence-based charities with funds（我希望它能成功，让基于证据的慈善机构获得大量资金）可知，A. J. Jacobs希望这个app能够取得成功，带来更多的以实证为基础的慈善机构。故选C。
12~15.【答案】D、D、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。
1. 根据第二段中的probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.（研究人员说，这可能是因为猛犸象的DNA在被埋在冰中28000年后严重受损。）可知，研究者认为是猛犸象的DNA受损太严重导致了这些激活猛犸象细胞的反应停止。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中的As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth.（结果，老鼠和猛犸象的杂交细胞没有一个进入细胞分裂，而细胞分裂是克隆猛犸象所必需的步骤。）可推知，以目前的技术克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的"They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome."（Shapiro说：“他们并不是在试图恢复猛犸象的基因组。”“他们正试图通过调整大象的基因组来创造一个。”）可知，Shapiro认为George Church的方法偏离了克隆猛犸象的目标。故选B。
4. 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故C项“克隆猛犸象仍然是一个白日梦”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
16~20.【答案】D、G、C、E、F
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文对磁力学校的情况进行了介绍。
根据上文中的Students…appeal to their interests（学生们经常选择有吸引力的学校，在他们感兴趣的领域挑战自己。）可知，本段在定义和介绍磁力学校。D项（“磁铁”这个词，实际上就是指这种吸引力的概念。）中的this idea of attraction对应上文中的appeal to their interests，符合语境。故选D。
2. 本段介绍了磁力学校产生的背景。结合上文中的attended schools closest to their homes（在离家最近的学校上学）和下文中的attend a school that might be further from home（上一所离家更远的学校）可知，空处应说明磁力学校的学生选择入学的情况。故选G。
3. 根据上文中的Connecticut, for example, has 95 magnet schools across the state（例如，康涅狄格州在全州有95所磁石学校）可知，康涅狄格州有95所磁力学校。C项中的These schools指的就是上文中的95 magnet schools，the state指的就是上文中的Connecticut。C项（这些学校在该州一直名列前茅。）符合语境。故选C。
4. 根据上文中的Admissions…than they admit（一些学校几乎可以保证被录取，而其他学校拒绝的申请者比录取的要多。）可知，此处在介绍不同学校的录取规则。再根据下文中的Some…Other schools…More selective schools…the application process（有些学校采用简单的抽签方式，确保所有申请者都有平等的出勤机会。其他学校也有经过深思熟虑的程序，以确保不同社区学生的平衡组合。更多的学校在申请过程中可能会有测试和面试。）可知，录取过程因学校的不同而有很大差异，故E项（这一过程因学校而异，因城市而异。）符合语境。故选E。
5. 此处为段落主题句。根据最后段内容（由纳税人资助，他们没有其他费用。学生可以免费接受高质量的教育。磁铁学校通常有很高的毕业率和大学就业率。然而，学生可能住得很远，学校可能不提供交通工具。这些都是你在申请磁石学校时需要考虑的事情。）可知，本段介绍了磁力学校的优点和缺点。F项（磁石学校有利有弊。）符合语境。故选F。
21~35.【答案】B、D、C、A、C、C、D、B、D、D、A、A、B、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】作者的同学获得了好的职业发展机会，作者认为自己也应该有同样的机会。但是，作者内向羞怯的性格阻挡了职业发展。因此，作者决心突破自己。
句意：他致力于一项由学生领导的运动，以增加联邦政府对基础研究的资助，并被邀请在一个小组会议上发言。relied on信任；led to导致；turned down拒绝；put forward提出。根据下文中的an invitation to speak on a panel conference可知，作者的同学在此次活动中的努力导致他受邀在专家咨询组会议上发言。故选B。
2. 句意：当然，我为他感到高兴。我在竞选中是一个平等的合伙人。special特别的；outgoing外向的；strict严格的；equal平等的。根据下文中的I felt that I deserved the same opportunity可知，作者认为自己应该得到同样的机会，因此可推知，作者认为自己和同学做出了同等的努力，是平等的。故选D。
3. 句意：但是我没有被邀请，我也不知道什么原因。reminded提醒；promoted提升；invited邀请；received收到。根据上文中的His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had (1) an invitation to speak on a panel conference.可知，作者的同学被邀请发言。故选C。
4. 句意：从小到大，我一直被教导，成功的方法是就得埋头苦干。success成功；practice练习；power权力；reality事实。根据下文中的If my work was good enough, it would speak for itself and I would be可知，作者一直被教导如果自己的工作做得足够好，自己就会成功并有回报。故选A。
5. 句意：如果我的工作足够好，它就会不言自明，我会得以回报。attracted吸引；protected保护；rewarded回报；affected影响。根据上文Growing up, I had been taught that the way to (4) was to put my head down and work hard.可知，作者一直被教导如果自己的工作做得足够好，自己就会成功并有回报。故选C。
6. 句意：这种想法加上我天生的羞怯，使我很少鼓起勇气站出来。 quietly安静地；quietly突然地；rarely很少地；completely完全地。根据上文中的This view, coupled with a natural shyness以及下文中的but as an introvert(内向的人)可知，作者是一个内向羞怯的人，因此，作者很少有勇气提出自己的观点。故选C。
7. 句意：然而，我决定我需要掌控我的生活——成为我自己最大的拥护者。make sense of理解；give way to让……陷于；pay attention to注意；take control of控制。根据下文中的So, with my heart beating fast, I asked my classmate to ask the panel organizers to (8) me.可知，作者让同学询问专家咨询组的组织者把他也包括进去，因此可推知作者决定掌控自己的生活。故选D。
8. 句意：所以，我的心怦怦直跳，我让我的同学请小组组织者把我也包括在内。benefit使受益；include包括；observe注意到；change改变。由根据下文My mind was filled with a list of well-practiced (9) . Maybe I didn't deserve it.可知此处表示，作者也想加入进去。故选B。
9. 句意：我因为长久以来的自我怀疑而心绪不宁。self-defence自卫；self-satisfaction沾沾自喜；self-control自我控制；self-doubt自我怀疑。根据下文中的Maybe I didn't deserve it. Maybe I was being too ambitious.可知，作者此时内心充满自我怀疑。故选D。
10. 句意：但他立即联系了组织者，他们很快同意把我加入专家组。 track追踪；send发送；hire雇佣；add添加。分析句意可知，此处是作者让同学请专家咨询组组织者把自己也包括进来，组织者很快同意作者加入。故选D。
11. 句意：现在我明白了，如果我是隐形的，我就不可能被认可。recognized认可；discovered发现；recommended推荐；bothered使烦恼。根据I know, but as an introvert (内向的人) this is my (12) Mount Qomolangma.可知，作者通过这件事意识到假如自己是隐形人，他不可能受到认可。故选A。
12. 句意：我知道，但作为一个内向的人，这已经是我个人的珠穆朗玛峰了。personal个人的；flexible灵活的；simple简单的；traditional传统的。根据上文中的I asked my classmate to ask the panel organizers to (8) me.以及but as an introvert (内向的人)可知，作者作为一个内向的人，鼓起勇气提出请同学去问专家咨询组让自己加人的请求，这对作者来说，就像是个人的珠穆朗玛峰。故选A。
13. 句意：我觉得为自我推销总会让我感到不舒服。unreasonable不合理的；uncomfortable不舒服的；dishonest不诚实的；discontented不满的。根据下文中的But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to (14) I'm living my best life可知，作者做了很多其他的让自己不舒服的事情来保证他最好的生活，结合上文中作者提到自己是一个内向的人可推知，鼓吹自己令他不舒服。故选B。
14. 句意：但我做了很多其他不舒服的事情来确保我过着最好的生活，比如打流感疫苗。prove证明；ensure确保；record记录；predict预测。根据下文中的I'm living my best life, like getting flu shots.可知，作者通过如打疫苗等不舒服的事情来保证自己最好的生活。故选B。
15. 句意：我想我也可以为我的职业生涯做同样的事情。health健康；glory荣誉；career事业；study研究。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity.及下文可知，作者的同学得到了一个令人难以置信的职业发展机会，作者非常羡慕。因此，作者也想克服羞怯，勇敢地参与其中，希望自己的职业有所发展。故选C。
36.【答案】【小题1】
conducted
【小题2】
on/upon
【小题3】
obviously
【小题4】
to get
【小题5】
does
【小题6】
which/that
【小题7】
happier
【小题8】
Standing
【小题9】
but
【小题10】
confidence
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，空处修饰前面的名词studies，且studies与conduct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词的-ed形式作定语。故填conducted 。
2. focus on/upon意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
3. 分析句子可知，空处修饰后面的形容词的比较级higher，所以用副词形式。故填obviously。
4. be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，是固定用法。故填to get。
5. 分析句子可知，这是由Not only引起的部分倒装，主语为singing，助动词应用does。故填does。
6. 分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，指代前面的chemical并在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
7. 分析句子可知，空处与后面的less stressed是并列关系，所以用形容词的比较级。故填happier。
8. 分析句子结构可知，空处与后面的performing并列作主语，故用动词的-ing形式。单词位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Standing。
9. 分析句子可知，前面说站在舞台上表演可能会很难，后面讲述的是唱歌的好处，由此可知这里表示转折。故填but。
10. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，且有形容词性物主代词your修饰，故用名词形式。故填confidence。
37.【答案】 "Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself. Sure enough, with a closer look, I found the boy waving his hands desperately. I quickly dived into the water, swimming towards the boy at full speed. By the time I reached him, he had sunk to the bottom of the pool, which filled my heart with fright and concern. I picked the boy up and headed to the poolside, keeping his head above the water.
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck. I could tell that he had no heartbeat and wasn't breathing. Every second counted! Without hesitation, I did first aid, performing CPR as trained. Other guards watching anxiously, I carried on, sweating. Suddenly, a stream of water burst out of his mouth and the boy coughed intensely. Seeing the boy regain consciousness, those around broke into cheers. Exhausted, I sighed with relief. I thought had I accepted that easy position, I would have been nothing but a bystander. I'm happy I didn't take the easy way out.
【解析】略
38.【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Ming, a student from Guangming Middle School. I've read your advertisement in your newspaper for a part-time reporter and I am writing to apply for it.
I think I am fit for the job. First of all, I am outgoing and gifted in communicating with people. Besides, I can speak fluent English thanks to my volunteering experiences in an international organization. ① Most importantly, I have a nose for news, which might help me to get a scoop if I am offered the job.
② Please take my application into consideration and your early reply will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是应用文写作，主题为写一封应聘工作的申请信。写作时以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。注意不可遗漏要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。要求语言表达准确，避免中式英语，句式多样，衔接过渡自然。
【亮点词汇】
①apply for申请
②be fit for适合
③be gifted in在……方面有天赋
④communicate with与……交流
⑤thanks to多亏；由于
【高分句型】
① Most importantly, I have a nose for news, which might help me to get a scoop if I am offered the job.（which引导的非限制性定语从句；if引导的条件状语从句）
② Please take my application into consideration and your early reply will be highly appreciated.（祈使句的肯定形式）
【结构布局】
引言：表明写信目的
中心：表述申请意愿及介绍自我情况
结尾：表达感谢，期待回复
【拓展词汇】
①qualification资格
②live up to one's expectations不辜负某人的期望
③have a good command of精通
【拓展句型】
①Learning from... that you are looking for a(an)..., I would like to apply for the position/job.（从……那儿得知您需要一名……，我想申请这个职位/工作。）
②I am confident that I am suitable for.../I am qualified to do.../I am equal to doing...（我相信我适合……/有做……的资格/能胜任做……）
③If you think I am the perfect person for..., please contact me at your earliest convenience.（如果您认为我是……的最佳人选，请尽早联系我。）
第8页，共19页
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Life and Health Insurance Risk Manager Our company, which has partnered an international insurer, is looking for a full-time risk manager to be 2nd line to the people with responsibility for the UK Life and Health Insurance business. The role is in a small risk team and is suited to a high-performing individual.
Responsibilities
—Support the chief risk officer.
—Oversee the monitoring and reporting of health and life risks.
—Deliver advice and work with internal and external stakeholders (股东).
—Assess relevant risks for technical pricing and reinsurance.
—Continuously contribute to the capital requirements, internal model reviews and data model processes.
Key requirements
The individual would ideally be a qualified life and health manager and has experience in risk management or consulting. You must work in the UK—this rule was added recently so when applying please state your eligibility (资格) to work in the UK. (E. g. British passport, Irish passport, ILR, settled status, etc.)
Salary
70,000— 90,000 per year+competitive package
Contact information
Deadline for applications is 14th May 2021.
If interested, apply here or contact Abi Logeswaran at HFG Insurance Recruitment. Sign in to apply instantly.
Please send job updates and service emails from . All emails will contain a link in the footer to enable you to unsubscribe at any time. When you apply for a job we will send your application to a person, who may contact you. By applying for a job listed on , you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. You should never be required to provide bank account details. If you are, please email us.
1. What is a full-time risk manager required to do
A. Set price for reinsurance.
B. Detect health and life risks.
C. Assess the future of the company.
D. Assign work to the chief risk officer.
2. Which of the following is a must of the job
A. Staying in the UK. B. Being fluent in English.
C. Working flexible hours. D. Holding a British passport.
3. What should you mind when applying for the job
A. Confirming the reply in time. B. Sending the CV before May.
C. Accepting the privacy policy. D. Subscribing to related emails.
B
In 1972, Richard Sears, a young American from the state of Tennessee, began learning Chinese because of his fascination with traditional Chinese culture.
"Chinese characters are the only ancient script now still in use in the world and it's a wonder of human history," said Sears in fluent Chinese.
As a primitive form of Chinese characters and the oldest fully developed characters in China, Jiaguwen, or oracle bone inscriptions (刻写的文字), were first discovered in 1899 and named for their inscriptions on tortoise shells and animal bones.
Drawn to the ancient language, Sears often went back and forth between China and the US. In 1994, he made a decision to make the ancient Chinese characters available online. Taking advantage of his professional skill, Sears started programming and building a database of oracle bone inscriptions on his own. It took him seven years just to scan the characters in ancient Chinese books.
In 2002, the Jiaguwen enthusiast's website was launched, though with only a few page views per day in the beginning. However, it surged to 600,000 per day in 2011 after a blogger recommended the site on Chinese social media platform Weibo. "I became a web celebrity overnight and was given a nickname 'Uncle Hanzi'," Sears said with a smile. Hanzi means Chinese characters.
During the past 26 years, he has accumulated a great deal of information on his website —more than 96,000 ancient Chinese character forms from archeological sources. Up till now, the website has been continuously updated, giving lovers of the ancient language from all over the world free access to a browse in their free time. In order to reveal the mystery behind the ancient characters, he spent a great deal of money and time buying and going through dozens of books, living on very little money.
Since last year, Sears has been working with a Chinese technology company on a smartphone application for children to learn about how the characters evolved (逐渐演变). The app is expected to be launched soon.
4. What do we know about oracle bone inscriptions
A. They used to spread to other countries in Europe.
B. They are the only ancient language still in use today.
C. They were first discovered more than 100 years ago.
D. They were named for their inscriptions on hard rocks.
5. Why did Sears launch the website
A. To save the ancient Chinese characters.
B. To give people access to Jiaguwen online.
C. To practice the professional computer skill.
D. To gather more information about Jiaguwen.
6. What happened to Sears' website in 2011
A. It boomed suddenly. B. It suffered a big loss.
C. It was renamed by the viewers. D. It stopped updating temporarily.
7. Which of the following best describes Sears' current life
A. Wealthy. B. Lonely. C. Quiet. D. Plain.
C
When you donate money to a charity, do you ever wonder where your money is actually going, and who it's helping Do you worry that the organization isn't reflecting your values exactly, or isn't totally transparent (透明的)
A new app, called Sparrow, promises to take the guesswork out of giving and ensure donors make a meaningful influence. They're doing this by allowing donors to choose a specific "rule" and tie it to their giving. For example, you can set it up so that every time you fill up your gas tank, a small part of the sales goes to an environmental nonprofit organization of your choice. You can set a cap on your donation and choose how long you want the app to track it. And, the app doesn't take a cut in your donation, meaning that every dollar you give is passed on to the charities you want to support.
While researching the psychology of effective giving, the researchers became frustrated that there was no existing solution that makes donation simple and enjoyable. "We started Sparrow because we've seen that the best way to make people's intentions agree with their behavior is to design an environment that makes it extremely easy to do so," two of its founders, Fitz and Kagan, wrote in a blog post.
To use Sparrow, users first set up "giving rules"—choosing things you do or events happening in the world and pairing them with an automatic donation to one of the company's chosen collections of evidence-based charities. Then, as you go about your life, some of your activities will cause the rules to function and the donations are automatically transferred (转移) to the nonprofit organizations from your bank account.
The New York Times best-selling author A. J. Jacobs said, "I'm a huge fan. I think it's a way to celebrate the good things and I hope it takes off and floods evidence-based charities with funds." Fitz and Kagan added, "By taking evidence-based approaches to building the evidence-based movement, I believe we can do even more good."
8. What does the underlined phrase "take a cut in" mean
A. Keep back. B. Work out. C. Keep track of. D. Take charge of.
9. Why did the researchers invent the app
A. To simplify the work of charities.
B. To encourage voluntary donation.
C. To show people's donation intentions.
D. To make the donation effective.
10. How does the app help its users
A. By giving financial advice. B. By making donation rules.
C. By choosing proper charities. D. By identifying the donations.
11. What does A. J. Jacobs expect of the app
A. It will help regulate the donors' behavior.
B. It will make it easier to raise fund for users.
C. It will bring in more evidence-based charities.
D. It will promote the use of other donation apps.
D
A handful of 28,000-year-old woolly mammoth (a large extinct elephant) cell parts were recently "woken up" for a short time in a new experiment. In the experiment, the researchers extracted cells from a woolly mammoth whose remains were discovered in 2011. Then, the scientists recovered the least-damaged nuclei (细胞核) from each cell and took the nuclei into mouse eggs.
At first, this method "activated" the mammoth chromosomes (染色体), as several biological reactions that occurred before cell division actually happened within the mouse cell. But these reactions soon came to a crashing end, probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.
But why did the researchers put mammoth DNA into mouse eggs The answer has to do with an egg's ability to recreate DNA and divide into more cells. "At first, the cellular machinery did try to fix damaged DNA within the chromosomes and piece together the broken bits", said Beth Shapiro, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, who was not involved in the study. "But the egg can only do so much. As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth."
Other research groups are also trying to revive the mammoth, using different technology. George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University, is using CRISPR—a tool that can edit DNA's bases—to insert woolly mammoth genes into the DNA of Asian elephants, which are closely related to the extinct animals. "They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome."
Bringing back the ice age mammals is controversial, however. Many conservationists argue that resources should be spent on currently threatened or endangered animals rather than large animals that died off long ago.
12. What did the researchers think probably stopped the reactions
A. The quick cell division.
B. The limited ability of mouse cells.
C. The lack of advanced technology.
D. The severe damage of mammoth DNA.
13. What can we infer from Shapiro's words in paragraph 3
A. The cellular machinery didn't work at all.
B. Cloning a mammoth is against the laws of nature.
C. The mouse eggs were to blame for the cloning failure.
D. Cloning a mammoth by current technology is impossible.
14. What does Shapiro think of George Church's method
A. It complicates the cloning experiment.
B. It is off the goal of reviving a mammoth.
C. It has drawn criticism from geneticists.
D. It is useless in cloning the Asian elephants.
15. What is the title for the text
A. Cloning Mammoths Is Controversial
B. Saving Endangered Animals Comes First
C. Cloning Mammoths Is Still a Pipe Dream
D. Scientists Made a Breakthrough in Cloning
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Magnet schools are public schools that have specialized curricula in areas such as the sciences, arts, leadership, and languages. Students often choose magnet schools to challenge themselves in fields that appeal to their interests. (1)
Magnet schools were born in the late 1960s, when students attended schools closest to their homes. (2) Students from diverse neighborhoods would choose to attend a school that might be further from home because the school catered to (满足需要) their particular strengths and interests.
Many magnet schools have remained true to their original goals of promoting diversity through educational choice. Connecticut, for example, has 95 magnet schools across the state, and all have admissions policies designed to promote both socioeconomic and racial diversity. (3)
Admissions to some schools will be all but guaranteed while other schools reject more applicants than they admit. (4) Some operate on a simple lottery that assures (确保) equal opportunity for attendance across all applicants. Other schools have deliberate (蓄意的) procedures for assuring a balanced mix of students from different neighborhoods. More selective schools may have tests and interviews as part of the application process.
(5) Funded by taxpayers, they have no other cost for attendance. Students get a high quality education for free. Magnet schools typically have very high graduation and college placement rates. Yet students may live far away and transportation may not be provided by schools. These are things you need to take into consideration when thinking of applying for a magnet school.
A. It clearly places an added burden on parents.
B. You can access the requirements from their websites.
C. These schools consistently rank among the top in the state.
D. The term "magnet", in fact, refers to this idea of attraction.
E. The processes vary greatly from school to school and city to city.
F. Magnet schools come with a mix of advantages and disadvantages.
G. Magnet schools were designed to draw students from different zones.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A few months ago, one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity. His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had (21) an invitation to speak on a panel conference. It would look great on his CV. I was happy for him, of course. I had been a(n) (22) partner in the campaign. I felt that I deserved the same opportunity. Yet I hadn't been (23) and I wasn't sure why.
Growing up, I had been taught that the way to (24) was to put my head down and work hard. If my work was good enough, it would speak for itself and I would be (25) . This view, coupled with a natural shyness, meant that I (26) had the nerve to put myself forward.
However, I decided that I need to (27) my life — by becoming my own biggest advocate. So, with my heart beating fast, I asked my classmate to ask the panel organizers to (28) me. My mind was filled with a list of well-practiced (29) . Maybe I didn't deserve it. Maybe I was being too ambitious. But he immediately contacted the organizers, who quickly agreed to (30) me to the panel. Now I've come to understand that I can't be (31) if I'm invisible (隐形的). This isn't a revolutionary idea which many people are unfamiliar with. I know, but as an introvert (内向的人) this is my (32) Mount Qomolangma.
I think advocating for myself will always make me a little (33) . But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to (34) I'm living my best life, like getting flu shots. I suppose I can do the same for my (35) .
21. A. relied on B. led to C. turned down D. put forward
22. A. special B. outgoing C. strict D. equal
23. A. reminded B. promoted C. invited D. received
24. A. success B. practice C. power D. reality
25. A. attracted B. protected C. rewarded D. affected
26. A. quietly B. suddenly C. rarely D. completely
27. A. make sense of B. give way to
C. pay attention to D. take control of
28. A. benefit B. include C. observe D. change
29. A. self-defence B. self-satisfaction
C. self-control D. self-doubt
30. A. track B. send C. hire D. add
31. A. recognized B. discovered C. recommended D. bothered
32. A. personal B. flexible C. simple D. traditional
33. A. unreasonable B. uncomfortable C. dishonest D. discontented
34. A. prove B. ensure C. record D. predict
35. A. health B. glory C. career D. study
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Singing is one of those universal actions that everyone can do for fun, regardless of how they sound. According to recent studies (1) (conduct) at Goethe University Frankfurt, singing can be actually helpful to your immune system. The study focused (2) a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies (抗体) was (3) (obvious) higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely (4) (get) sick.
Singing actually is the perfect physical exercise for people who are injured, disabled or elderly. Not only (5) (do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation. This can lead to better results when people hit the gym thanks to the person's increased aerobic (有氧的) capacity and newfound physical or mental strength.
The simple truth is that singing makes you happy. It releases endorphins (内啡肽), a chemical (6) reduces pain and makes you feel (7) (happy) and less stressed.
People who sing, especially in choirs and on the stage are known to have better social skills and be less lonely. (8) (stand) on the stage and performing can be tough, (9) when you do it in a group, it can help improve your sense of self as well as increase your (10) (confident).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Lungs nearly burst. I struggled to lift my head out of the water. Inch by inch, my tired body reached the end of the pool.
The extent of my swimming career was purely recreational, while the competitive swimmers nearby thought nothing of the seemingly simple task of a 500-meter swim test. Pushing myself to finish what I had started, I could only think: why not take the easy way out
Earlier that week, I had turned in my first job application at a local pool. Overqualified, I was hired on the spot. However, the tasks were boring: helping confused visitors and measuring the height of children before they went down the slide (滑梯). I was capable of more.
So a swim test was required, establishing the mere fact that I was not completely helpless in a pool. Midway through, the manager administering the test remarked, "This looks really easy for you. Why aren't you applying to become a guard "
"The thought didn't cross my mind."
"Well, lifeguarding demands more responsibility, strength and respect. Thus the position pays $ 2 more per hour. Your swimming skills are strong enough. All you need to do is complete a certification class."
Inside I was unsure of myself, but his words inspired me—You never know what you are capable of until you force yourself to do it.
Soon I passed the swim test. All left was to practice and learn first aid, CPR (心肺复苏), and procedures for different land-based and water-based emergencies.
Work started soon. A well-intentioned yet anxious feeling in me soon passed. Days, weeks, and months went by without incident; emergencies were rare. The skills and training I had so carefully studied and acquired seemed unnecessary.
Today appeared to be another uneventful day. However, shortly after the other guards signaled to the children to exit the pool, I noticed one boy was still in the middle while the others had climbed up.
Paragraph 1:
"Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck.
______________________________________________________________
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六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 假定你是光明中学的学生李明，你在某英文报上读到一则招聘中学生英文兼职记者的广告，你有意向应聘这份工作。请写一封申请信应聘该职位，信的内容包括：
(1)表述申请意愿；
(2)自我介绍及优势。
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了一家公司招聘人寿和健康保险风险经理的相关情况。
根据Responsibilities部分中的Oversee the monitoring and reporting of health and life risks（负责健康和生命风险的监测和报告）可知，这份工作要求应聘者负责监督健康和生命风险的监测和报告。故选B。
2. 根据Key requirements部分中的You must work in the UK可知，应聘者必须在英国上班。故选A。
3. 根据文章最后一段中的By applying for a job listed on , you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy（通过申请在上列出的工作，您同意我们的条款和条件和隐私政策）可知，应聘者必须同意该公司的条款和隐私政策。故选C。
4~7.【答案】C、B、A、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了对汉字着迷的美国人Richard Sears以及他创建的甲骨文网站。
根据第三段中的内容As a primitive form of Chinese characters...on tortoise shells and animal bones.（甲骨文是中国文字的一种原始形式，也是中国最古老、最完整的文字。甲骨文最早发现于1899年，以刻在龟壳和兽骨上的铭文命名。）可知，甲骨文最早于1899年被发现。故选C。
2. 根据第四段中的In 1994, he made a decision to make the ancient Chinese characters available online（1994年，他决定将古汉字放到网上）可知，Sears创建网站的目的是让人们在网络上接触到甲骨文这种古汉字。故选B。
3. 根据第五段中的However, it surged to 600,000 per day in 2011（但在2011年猛增至每天60万名）可知，2011年Sears的网站突然受到欢迎。故选A。
4. 根据倒数第二段中的In order to…living on very little money可知，为了揭开古代汉字的神秘面纱，Sears花了大量的钱和时间购买各种各样的书，只留较少的钱用来生活。D项“朴素的”可以描述Sears的生活。故选D。
8~11.【答案】A、D、C、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一款捐款app，它能使用户捐款变得更加容易，且用户可随时追踪捐款信息，使捐款过程变得更加透明。
根据画线短语后的meaning that every dollar you give is passed on to the charities you want to support可知，你捐赠的每一美元都能转到你想要支持的慈善机构，这款app不会扣留你的钱，故A项与画线短语意思最接近。keep back意为“保留（或扣留）某物的一部分”。故选A。
2. 根据第三段中的We started Sparrow…to design an environment that makes it extremely easy to do so（我们创办Sparrow是因为我们已经看到，让人们的意图与他们的行为一致的最好方法是设计一个非常容易做到这一点的环境）可知，发明这款app的原因是要为捐赠者创造一个环境，在这个环境中，他们所捐的钱能够真正发挥作用，也就是说使捐赠更有效。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的choosing things you do…evidence-based charities（选择你所做的事情或世界上正在发生的事件，并将它们与公司选择的基于证据的慈善组织中的一个自动捐款配对。）可知，这个app帮助用户选择合适的慈善机构。故选C。
4. 根据最后一段中的I hope it takes off and floods evidence-based charities with funds（我希望它能成功，让基于证据的慈善机构获得大量资金）可知，A. J. Jacobs希望这个app能够取得成功，带来更多的以实证为基础的慈善机构。故选C。
12~15.【答案】D、D、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。
1. 根据第二段中的probably because the mammoth DNA was severely damaged after being buried in ice for 28,000 years, the researchers said.（研究人员说，这可能是因为猛犸象的DNA在被埋在冰中28000年后严重受损。）可知，研究者认为是猛犸象的DNA受损太严重导致了这些激活猛犸象细胞的反应停止。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中的As a result, none of the mouse-mammoth hybrid cells entered cell division, a step that is necessary to clone a mammoth.（结果，老鼠和猛犸象的杂交细胞没有一个进入细胞分裂，而细胞分裂是克隆猛犸象所必需的步骤。）可推知，以目前的技术克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故选D。
3. 根据第四段中的"They're not trying to revive a mammoth genome," Shapiro said. "They are trying to create one by adjusting an elephant genome."（Shapiro说：“他们并不是在试图恢复猛犸象的基因组。”“他们正试图通过调整大象的基因组来创造一个。”）可知，Shapiro认为George Church的方法偏离了克隆猛犸象的目标。故选B。
4. 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项克隆冰河时代的动物——猛犸象的研究。研究结果表明在目前的技术条件下克隆猛犸象是不可能的。故C项“克隆猛犸象仍然是一个白日梦”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
16~20.【答案】D、G、C、E、F
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文对磁力学校的情况进行了介绍。
根据上文中的Students…appeal to their interests（学生们经常选择有吸引力的学校，在他们感兴趣的领域挑战自己。）可知，本段在定义和介绍磁力学校。D项（“磁铁”这个词，实际上就是指这种吸引力的概念。）中的this idea of attraction对应上文中的appeal to their interests，符合语境。故选D。
2. 本段介绍了磁力学校产生的背景。结合上文中的attended schools closest to their homes（在离家最近的学校上学）和下文中的attend a school that might be further from home（上一所离家更远的学校）可知，空处应说明磁力学校的学生选择入学的情况。故选G。
3. 根据上文中的Connecticut, for example, has 95 magnet schools across the state（例如，康涅狄格州在全州有95所磁石学校）可知，康涅狄格州有95所磁力学校。C项中的These schools指的就是上文中的95 magnet schools，the state指的就是上文中的Connecticut。C项（这些学校在该州一直名列前茅。）符合语境。故选C。
4. 根据上文中的Admissions…than they admit（一些学校几乎可以保证被录取，而其他学校拒绝的申请者比录取的要多。）可知，此处在介绍不同学校的录取规则。再根据下文中的Some…Other schools…More selective schools…the application process（有些学校采用简单的抽签方式，确保所有申请者都有平等的出勤机会。其他学校也有经过深思熟虑的程序，以确保不同社区学生的平衡组合。更多的学校在申请过程中可能会有测试和面试。）可知，录取过程因学校的不同而有很大差异，故E项（这一过程因学校而异，因城市而异。）符合语境。故选E。
5. 此处为段落主题句。根据最后段内容（由纳税人资助，他们没有其他费用。学生可以免费接受高质量的教育。磁铁学校通常有很高的毕业率和大学就业率。然而，学生可能住得很远，学校可能不提供交通工具。这些都是你在申请磁石学校时需要考虑的事情。）可知，本段介绍了磁力学校的优点和缺点。F项（磁石学校有利有弊。）符合语境。故选F。
21~35.【答案】B、D、C、A、C、C、D、B、D、D、A、A、B、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】作者的同学获得了好的职业发展机会，作者认为自己也应该有同样的机会。但是，作者内向羞怯的性格阻挡了职业发展。因此，作者决心突破自己。
句意：他致力于一项由学生领导的运动，以增加联邦政府对基础研究的资助，并被邀请在一个小组会议上发言。relied on信任；led to导致；turned down拒绝；put forward提出。根据下文中的an invitation to speak on a panel conference可知，作者的同学在此次活动中的努力导致他受邀在专家咨询组会议上发言。故选B。
2. 句意：当然，我为他感到高兴。我在竞选中是一个平等的合伙人。special特别的；outgoing外向的；strict严格的；equal平等的。根据下文中的I felt that I deserved the same opportunity可知，作者认为自己应该得到同样的机会，因此可推知，作者认为自己和同学做出了同等的努力，是平等的。故选D。
3. 句意：但是我没有被邀请，我也不知道什么原因。reminded提醒；promoted提升；invited邀请；received收到。根据上文中的His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had (1) an invitation to speak on a panel conference.可知，作者的同学被邀请发言。故选C。
4. 句意：从小到大，我一直被教导，成功的方法是就得埋头苦干。success成功；practice练习；power权力；reality事实。根据下文中的If my work was good enough, it would speak for itself and I would be可知，作者一直被教导如果自己的工作做得足够好，自己就会成功并有回报。故选A。
5. 句意：如果我的工作足够好，它就会不言自明，我会得以回报。attracted吸引；protected保护；rewarded回报；affected影响。根据上文Growing up, I had been taught that the way to (4) was to put my head down and work hard.可知，作者一直被教导如果自己的工作做得足够好，自己就会成功并有回报。故选C。
6. 句意：这种想法加上我天生的羞怯，使我很少鼓起勇气站出来。 quietly安静地；quietly突然地；rarely很少地；completely完全地。根据上文中的This view, coupled with a natural shyness以及下文中的but as an introvert(内向的人)可知，作者是一个内向羞怯的人，因此，作者很少有勇气提出自己的观点。故选C。
7. 句意：然而，我决定我需要掌控我的生活——成为我自己最大的拥护者。make sense of理解；give way to让……陷于；pay attention to注意；take control of控制。根据下文中的So, with my heart beating fast, I asked my classmate to ask the panel organizers to (8) me.可知，作者让同学询问专家咨询组的组织者把他也包括进去，因此可推知作者决定掌控自己的生活。故选D。
8. 句意：所以，我的心怦怦直跳，我让我的同学请小组组织者把我也包括在内。benefit使受益；include包括；observe注意到；change改变。由根据下文My mind was filled with a list of well-practiced (9) . Maybe I didn't deserve it.可知此处表示，作者也想加入进去。故选B。
9. 句意：我因为长久以来的自我怀疑而心绪不宁。self-defence自卫；self-satisfaction沾沾自喜；self-control自我控制；self-doubt自我怀疑。根据下文中的Maybe I didn't deserve it. Maybe I was being too ambitious.可知，作者此时内心充满自我怀疑。故选D。
10. 句意：但他立即联系了组织者，他们很快同意把我加入专家组。 track追踪；send发送；hire雇佣；add添加。分析句意可知，此处是作者让同学请专家咨询组组织者把自己也包括进来，组织者很快同意作者加入。故选D。
11. 句意：现在我明白了，如果我是隐形的，我就不可能被认可。recognized认可；discovered发现；recommended推荐；bothered使烦恼。根据I know, but as an introvert (内向的人) this is my (12) Mount Qomolangma.可知，作者通过这件事意识到假如自己是隐形人，他不可能受到认可。故选A。
12. 句意：我知道，但作为一个内向的人，这已经是我个人的珠穆朗玛峰了。personal个人的；flexible灵活的；simple简单的；traditional传统的。根据上文中的I asked my classmate to ask the panel organizers to (8) me.以及but as an introvert (内向的人)可知，作者作为一个内向的人，鼓起勇气提出请同学去问专家咨询组让自己加人的请求，这对作者来说，就像是个人的珠穆朗玛峰。故选A。
13. 句意：我觉得为自我推销总会让我感到不舒服。unreasonable不合理的；uncomfortable不舒服的；dishonest不诚实的；discontented不满的。根据下文中的But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to (14) I'm living my best life可知，作者做了很多其他的让自己不舒服的事情来保证他最好的生活，结合上文中作者提到自己是一个内向的人可推知，鼓吹自己令他不舒服。故选B。
14. 句意：但我做了很多其他不舒服的事情来确保我过着最好的生活，比如打流感疫苗。prove证明；ensure确保；record记录；predict预测。根据下文中的I'm living my best life, like getting flu shots.可知，作者通过如打疫苗等不舒服的事情来保证自己最好的生活。故选B。
15. 句意：我想我也可以为我的职业生涯做同样的事情。health健康；glory荣誉；career事业；study研究。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity.及下文可知，作者的同学得到了一个令人难以置信的职业发展机会，作者非常羡慕。因此，作者也想克服羞怯，勇敢地参与其中，希望自己的职业有所发展。故选C。
36.【答案】【小题1】
conducted
【小题2】
on/upon
【小题3】
obviously
【小题4】
to get
【小题5】
does
【小题6】
which/that
【小题7】
happier
【小题8】
Standing
【小题9】
but
【小题10】
confidence
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，空处修饰前面的名词studies，且studies与conduct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词的-ed形式作定语。故填conducted 。
2. focus on/upon意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
3. 分析句子可知，空处修饰后面的形容词的比较级higher，所以用副词形式。故填obviously。
4. be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，是固定用法。故填to get。
5. 分析句子可知，这是由Not only引起的部分倒装，主语为singing，助动词应用does。故填does。
6. 分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，指代前面的chemical并在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
7. 分析句子可知，空处与后面的less stressed是并列关系，所以用形容词的比较级。故填happier。
8. 分析句子结构可知，空处与后面的performing并列作主语，故用动词的-ing形式。单词位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Standing。
9. 分析句子可知，前面说站在舞台上表演可能会很难，后面讲述的是唱歌的好处，由此可知这里表示转折。故填but。
10. 分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，且有形容词性物主代词your修饰，故用名词形式。故填confidence。
37.【答案】 "Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself. Sure enough, with a closer look, I found the boy waving his hands desperately. I quickly dived into the water, swimming towards the boy at full speed. By the time I reached him, he had sunk to the bottom of the pool, which filled my heart with fright and concern. I picked the boy up and headed to the poolside, keeping his head above the water.
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck. I could tell that he had no heartbeat and wasn't breathing. Every second counted! Without hesitation, I did first aid, performing CPR as trained. Other guards watching anxiously, I carried on, sweating. Suddenly, a stream of water burst out of his mouth and the boy coughed intensely. Seeing the boy regain consciousness, those around broke into cheers. Exhausted, I sighed with relief. I thought had I accepted that easy position, I would have been nothing but a bystander. I'm happy I didn't take the easy way out.
【解析】略
38.【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Ming, a student from Guangming Middle School. I've read your advertisement in your newspaper for a part-time reporter and I am writing to apply for it.
I think I am fit for the job. First of all, I am outgoing and gifted in communicating with people. Besides, I can speak fluent English thanks to my volunteering experiences in an international organization. ① Most importantly, I have a nose for news, which might help me to get a scoop if I am offered the job.
② Please take my application into consideration and your early reply will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是应用文写作，主题为写一封应聘工作的申请信。写作时以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。注意不可遗漏要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。要求语言表达准确，避免中式英语，句式多样，衔接过渡自然。
【亮点词汇】
①apply for申请
②be fit for适合
③be gifted in在……方面有天赋
④communicate with与……交流
⑤thanks to多亏；由于
【高分句型】
① Most importantly, I have a nose for news, which might help me to get a scoop if I am offered the job.（which引导的非限制性定语从句；if引导的条件状语从句）
② Please take my application into consideration and your early reply will be highly appreciated.（祈使句的肯定形式）
【结构布局】
引言：表明写信目的
中心：表述申请意愿及介绍自我情况
结尾：表达感谢，期待回复
【拓展词汇】
①qualification资格
②live up to one's expectations不辜负某人的期望
③have a good command of精通
【拓展句型】
①Learning from... that you are looking for a(an)..., I would like to apply for the position/job.（从……那儿得知您需要一名……，我想申请这个职位/工作。）
②I am confident that I am suitable for.../I am qualified to do.../I am equal to doing...（我相信我适合……/有做……的资格/能胜任做……）
③If you think I am the perfect person for..., please contact me at your earliest convenience.（如果您认为我是……的最佳人选，请尽早联系我。）
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