2023年河南省人教新目标(Go for it)版中考英语二轮专题复习：专项4 数词（共35张ppt）

(共35张PPT)
近几年河南中考对数词的考查很少。2019年完形填空中有1处考查了基数词，2020年至2022年均没有对数词进行考查，预测2023年至多对数词设置1空。
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目多少，序数词表示数目顺序。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。
考点1　基数词的用法
基数词表示数目的多少
◆基数词的构成
数词 构成 示例
1—12 独立成词 one　two three　four　five six seven eight　nine
ten　eleven　twelve
数词 构成 示例
13—19 由3—9＋-teen 构成 fourteen　sixteen
特殊拼写：
thirteen　fifteen eighteen
20—90之间的整十位数 以-ty结尾 sixty　ninety
特殊拼写：
twenty　thirty forty fifty　eighty
数词 构成 示例
21—99之间的非整十位数 在十位和个位之间加连字符“-” twenty-one seventy-six
三位数 整百：1—9＋hundred 其他：整百＋and＋几十几 one hundred and fifty-six
eight hundred and ten
数词 构成 示例
1000以上的数字　 从后往前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为thousand(千)，第二个逗号前为million(百万)，第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)　 2，008　two thousand and eight
35，456　thirty-five thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
◆基数词的用法
用法 示例
表示年龄 1．in＋one's＋整十位基数词的复数，表示“在某人几十多岁时” 2．基数词＋year(s)＋old 3．at the age of ＋基数词 in his fifties在他五十多岁时
Her daughter is six years old.她的女儿6岁。
at the age of sixty 在60岁时
用法 示例
表示年代 in ＋ the ＋基数词复数 in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
“基数词＋-名词(＋-形容词)”构成复合形容词，其中间有连字符“-” a 3-year-old girl一个三岁的女孩
an eight-day holiday一个八天的假期
用法 示例
门牌号、电话号码或邮政编码等用基数词 My phone number is 6108859.我的电话号码是6108859。
“基数词＋度量单位＋形容词”表计量 The classroom is 7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.这个教室7米长，6米宽，3米高。
用法 示例
表示时刻 1．基数词＋o'clock，表示“几点钟” 2．基数词＋past＋基数词，前面的基数词表示分钟，后面的基数词表示钟点，表示“几点过几分”(分钟数≤30) 3．(60-分钟数)＋to＋基数词，表示“差几分到几点”(分钟≥30) 9 o'clock 9点钟
twenty past ten 十点二十
eight to nine 八点五十二
◆表示确数或概数
1．表示确数：具体数字＋数词＋名词复数
当hundred，thousand，million，billion前有具体数字时，hundred，thousand，million，billion等词尾不再加-s，表述确数，其后的名词要用复数形式。如：
two hundred students 两百名学生
2．表示概数：数词＋-s＋of＋名词复数
当hundred，thousand，million，billion与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数字时，其后要加-s。此时hundred，thousand，million，billion前面不能再加具体数字，但可用several等词修饰。如：
hundreds of students 成百上千名学生
several thousands of students 成千上万名学生
3．表示“几个半”：基数词＋and＋a half＋名词＝基数词＋名词＋and＋a half。如：
one and a half hours＝one hour and a half一个半小时
4．“in one's＋整十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人……多岁”时。如：
He traveled around the world in his fifties.
他五十多岁的时候周游了世界。
易错警示
1．在“基数词＋名词＋形容词”合成的定语(又称复合形容词)中，中间要有连字符“-”。如：
a 7-meter-high building 一座7米高的建筑
2．数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等的名词连用作主语时，常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Three thousand has been saved and I can buy a new phone with it.我已经攒了3千块钱，可以用来买一部新手机。
3．another＋基数词＋名词复数＝基数词＋more＋名词复数。如：
I want another two apples.＝I want two more apples.我想再要两个苹果。
考点2　序数词的用法
◆序数词的构成
1．100以内序数词的构成规则
数词 构成 示例
第1—第3 独立成词 first第一　second第二 third 第三
第4—第19 相应基数词＋th， fourth第四　eleventh第十一
特殊拼写：fifth第五　eighth第八　ninth第九 twelfth第十二
数词 构成 示例
第20—第90 之间的整十位数 -y变成-ie，再＋-th twentieth第二十　
fortieth第四十
第21—第99之间的非整十位数 把个位的基数词变成序数词 twenty-first第二十一
thirty-second第三十二
2.序数词缩写：数字＋相应序数词的最后两个字母。
21st第二十一 32nd第三十二
43rd 第四十三 54th 第五十四
3．基数词变序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律，
一、二、三，特殊记，面目全非要注意，
“th”要从4加起，
八少“t”，九去“e”，
“ve”要用“f”替，(five，twelve)
几十改“y”为“ie”，词尾加上“th”，(twenty, thirty，…ninety)
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以，
序数词缩写记清楚，数字后跟两字母。
◆序数词的用法
1．序数词前一般要加定冠词the。如：
the second cave第二个山洞
2．序数词前加不定冠词a/an时表示“每一，又一”。如：
We'll have to do it a second time.我们将不得不再做一遍。
3．序数词和形容词性物主代词或名词所有格连用时，前面不能再加冠词。如：
Their second son is a Doctor.他们的二儿子是个博士。
考点3　分数的用法
分数是由基数词和序数词组合表达的。
◆分数的构成
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：
1/4 one fourth＝a (one) quarter
3/4 three fourths＝three quarters
◆主谓一致
谓语动词的数与分数后的名词保持一致。
1．“分数＋of＋限定词＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。如：
About three fourths of the students in this class join the game.
这个班大约四分之三的学生参加了这个比赛。
2．“分数＋of＋限定词＋不可数名词/名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。如：
Two thirds of the food is sent to the King's palace.三分之二的食物被送到了国王的王宫里。
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．___________(thousand) of foreign students came to our country to learn about traditional Chinese culture.
2．I think we should give these kids a ________(two) chance to encourage them to try again.
3．You'd better think _______(two) before you make decisions, or you may regret for them later.
Thousands　
second
　twice　
4．He chose some broccoli ________(one), and then got some carrots and a couple of onions.
5．China's National Day comes in October, the ________(ten) month of the year.
6．Hay became the world's _______(one) “book town”．
7．First, she said she was interested in reading and writing stories. Second, she said she liked history. ___________(three), she said she enjoyed chemistry.
　first
　tenth
first　
Third　
8．The _______(one) step to making friends is to meet new people. Go out of your shell and see the outside world.
9．I'm planning to buy a gift for her __________(forty) birthday.
10．My aunt became a nurse in her __________(twenty) and she still loves her job now.
11．This is the _______(three) time that I have been in Harbin.
first
　fortieth　
　twenties　
　third　
12．My grandmother has been dancing for many years. This is the _________(twelve) year since she began to dance.
13．As the _______(nine) grade students, we need to know how to plan our time properly.
14．The Forbidden City is a palace with a history of six _______________
(hundred) years.
15．(2021 四川广安中考改编)May is the _______(five) month of the year.
twelfth
ninth
　hundred　
　fifth　
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
short　step　excite　ugly　they slowly　first　sing　eat　minute
Wendy was hot, tired and bored. She followed her
brother, Bill, as they went up the mountain to the fire
lookout tower. Buzzards circled 　16　 in the sky above
them, and Wendy wondered whether she would be 　17　 by them. The sun was too hot, the trees were 　18　, and the trip was boring.
“Almost there！” Bill said happily. This was his 　19　 summer to work as a fire watcher at the state park. He would be staying on top of a mountain all summer, watching for fires in the forest. He was 　20　 and did not notice how tired Wendy had become. Finally, Wendy couldn't take another 　21　 unless she rested first. She sat under a tall tree and drank lemon juice from her bottle. Bill continued on for a few more 　22　 before he realized that Wendy was no longer behind him.
“Sorry，” he said, returning and sitting beside his sister. “I have forgotten your legs are 　23　 than mine.” Wendy made faces at her brother but then quickly smiled when he handed her some dried strawberries and peanuts from his backpack. “If you eat 　24　 together, it's like making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich in your mouth，” he said.
The strawberries and peanuts tasted delicious. Wendy closed her eyes and spread her arms and legs. A songbird was 　25　 in a nearby tree. Suddenly the sun didn't seem so hot, and the trees weren't as ugly anymore.
16．________　 17._______　 18.__________ 19．_______　20._________　 21._______ 22．_________　23._________　24._________ 25．_________
slowly　
eaten　
ugly
first　
excited　
step
minutes　
shorter　
them　
singing