2023届高考英语二轮专题03 阅读理解推理判断题课件(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
阅读理解
推理判断题
二轮复习
content
设题方式
01
02
03
04
选项特征
解题技巧详解
解题策略
Part 01
设题方式
（1）It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
解释：从文章中可以推断出(或最后一段)…
（2）It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
解释：从文章中可以知道(或最后一段)…
（3）It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
解释：通过文章可以总结出(或最后一段)…
（4）It implies that…
解释：这意味着…
（5）Where would you most probably find this passage
解释：你最有可能在哪里找到这篇文章
（6）What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)
解释：作者很可能会在下一段（或下文中）继续谈论什么
Part 02
解题技巧详解
考法1 ：推断隐含意义
推断隐含意义是高考阅读理解中必考的考查方向,要求考生根据文章的某个或某些句子、段落或全文所提供的信息进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有明说的内容、可能发生的事情或某事物的特征等,旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意的能力。
常见设问形式:
1.What can we infer about...
2.Which of the following statements does the passage support
3.What does the author imply about...
做题小技巧：
1.先跳读,找到相关信息点;
2.接着细读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;
3.再分析推理,在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,理解作者的言外之意,切勿拿文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据;
4.最后结合选项,找到与文章信息点所表达意思相近的选项。
So what's the solution(解决方案) The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices
A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
考查细节推断。根据所给材料中的"but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function"可推断出,文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换老旧设备,即停止使用老旧设备。take apart"拆卸";upgrade"使升级";recycle"回收利用"。故选A。
考法2 ：推断文章出处或读者对象
文章出处推断题要求考生能够根据文章的特点推断文章的出处,该题型在高考阅读理解中较常考查。读者对象推断题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象是什么人,该类题目在高考试题中较少考查。
常见设问形式:
1.Where is the text most likely from
2.From which is the text probably taken
3.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
4.Who is the passage probably intended for
做题小技巧：
文章出处推断题和读者对象推断题都要求考生有一定的常识,对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样在做题时才能根据文章特点选出答案。
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present,these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with…
…
31.Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary.　　　　　　　B. A guidebook.
C. A novel. D. A magazine.
考查文章出处。迅速浏览选段,结合选段内容及关键信息"technologies""Researchers""device(装置)"可知,文章介绍的是一款新的科技产品,是典型的科技类说明文;再结合选项可推断,这篇文章最可能出现在杂志上。故选D。
Luxury (奢华的)Costa Rica
This grand adventure through Costa Rica will offer the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world. Travelers will visit the impressive Arenal Volcano, the magical Monteverde Cloud Forest, and the mysterious Manuel Antonio National Park.
...
23.This passage is intended for 　　　.
A. English learners　　　　B. travelers liking adventures
C. exchange students D. senior citizens
考查对象推断。根据选段中的"This grand adventure through Costa Rica will offer the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world. Travelers will..."可推断,本文是向喜欢冒险的人介绍哥斯达黎加探险之旅。故选B。
考法3 ：推断写作意图
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的,在阅读理解中较常考查。这类题目要求考生不仅要理解文章的大意,还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力,因为作者一般不直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地向读者传达某种想法或观点。
常见设问形式:
1.What is the purpose of the text
2.What does the story intend to tell us
3.What does the writer of the story want to tell us
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
做题小技巧：
推断作者的写作意图时,考生要综合考量文章的主旨和文体特点:
1.通过文章主旨来推断作者的写作目的。通常议论文和说明文的主旨在文章开头,用略读法找出文章的主旨,可以快速推断出作者的写作目的。
2.通过文章的文体推断作者的写作意图。一般情况下,作者写文章的目的可分为三类:to entertain readers,常见于故事类记叙文;to persuade readers,常见于广告类应用文或议论文;to inform readers,常见于文化类、社会类、科普类说明文。
If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what's around. It's called Apple Day but in practice it's more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat's Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
31.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To show how to grow apples.
B. To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
考查写作意图。通读全文可知,作者向读者介绍了一个节日——苹果节。故选B。
考法4 ：推断观点态度
观点态度推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度,它要求考生具备在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、判断的能力。在高考阅读理解中较常考查。
常见设问形式:
1.Which word best describes the author's attitude to/towards...
2.What is the author's attitude towards...
3.What does the author think of...
4.How does the author feel about...
5.What is sb.'s attitude to/towards...
做题小技巧：
1.通过文章主旨推断作者的观点或态度。作者的观点或态度一般与文章主旨相关联,考生应先通读全文,结合文章内容抓住文章的主旨,再结合作者提供的细节来判断作者的观点或态度。
2.通过细节描述推断观点或态度。观点或态度通常隐藏在对人物的语气、肢体动作、面部表情或性格倾向等的描述中,或者隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的词汇或句子中。因此,考生要通过分析文中的用词、语气或对细节的描述等来推断作者或文中人物的观点或态度。
3.牢记试题中常出现的表达观点或态度的词语。
(1)表示积极态度的词有:favorable(赞同的), supportive(支持的), approving(赞同的), optimistic(乐观的),positive(积极的),pleasant(令人愉快的),humorous(幽默的),confident(自信的),impressive(给人印象深刻的),beneficial(有利的), hopeful(抱有希望的),reasonable(合理的)等。
(2)表示反对、否定、批评等消极态度的词有:skeptical(怀疑的),disapproving(不赞同的),critical(批判的),negative(否定的),doubtful(怀疑的),disappointed(失望的),pessimistic(悲观的),opposed(反对的),uncaring(冷漠的),unwilling(不愿意的)等。
(3)表示中立、客观以及其他态度的词有:objective(客观的),factual(根据事实的),uninterested(不感兴趣的), indifferent(漠不关心的), cautious(谨慎的),neutral(中立的),impartial(不偏不倚的),conservative(保守的),tolerant(宽容的,容忍的)等。
特别提醒　 解此类题目时应注意:
1.要区分开作者的态度和作者阐述的他人的态度;
2.切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点;
3.要特别留意那些描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
31.What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
考查观点态度。本文是一篇说明文。经过几年的争议,黄石国家公园把灰狼重新引入公园,以保持公园内的生态平衡。根据选段最后一句话中的"The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment"可知,作者认为这项工程很有价值,因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。
考法5 ：预测文章内容
对文章内容进行预测要求考生根据语篇猜测下文可能涉及的内容或对事件可能出现的结局进行预测,此类题目难度较大,在近些年的高考试题中较少考查。
常见设问形式:
1.What do you think will happen when/if…
2.At the end of this passage, what might the writer continue to write
3.What will the paragraph following the passage most probably be about
4.Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph
Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying very fast.
　　The main purpose of keeping bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, isn't used for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Bees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives in the winter. They collect pollen(花粉) which supplies protein for young
bees to grow.
According to honey.com, the production and quality of crops
as a result of pollination by bees have increased a lot. These insects are responsible for over 70 kinds of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, beans and broccoli(西兰花).
　　So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off A key factor seems to be pesticides(杀虫剂). Bees who
are exposed to pesticides suffer from the damage to their neurological(神经系统的) functions, specifically to their memory or behavior. And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen bee, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen bee. There are several other causes of the decline of bees, including the destruction of natural habitat, like woodlands, forests and other habitats for bees. The climate change is also a factor in the decline of the bees' population.
Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bees' population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee-friendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds.
35.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows
A. Another way to save bees.
B. Other tips for choosing seeds.
C. More methods to plant green organic fruits.
D. Causes of the decline of the bees' population.
考查预测推断。本文是一篇说明文,探讨蜜蜂减少的原因并给出增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。第五段开头介绍有多种方法可以帮助增加蜜蜂的数量,第二句 "One way is to start your own organic garden by..."暗示下文将介绍其他能帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法。故选A。
Part 03
选项特征
正确选项特征
(1)在文章中可以找到信息支持,并且可以推断出正确选项。
(2)大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。
干扰选项特征
(1)颠倒是非:
选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。
(2)照搬原文:
原文里有相关的直接信息,不需要经过推断。
(3)推理过度:
把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。
(4)无中生有:
捏造原文中并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推断。
Part 04
解题策略
（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
（2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。
一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1）表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；2）表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的；neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。
（3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。
不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。
（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
谢谢您的观看
二轮复习