中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
上外版必修一综合复习分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（原卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
The official mascot for the World Cup 2022, which is currently taking place in Qatar, is La'eeb-a figure 1． name means "super-skilled player" in Arabic. But Chinese fans have nicknamed the mascot the "wonton wrapper" (馄饨皮) because 2． its resemblance to the dumpling-like food. The positive attention directed toward the mascot has also made a Qatari youngster 3． social media hit in China.
During the live broadcast of the opening match between Qatar and Ecuador, a young fan in the audience 4． (wear) a kaffiyeh, a traditional male headdress in the region, 5． (attract) people's attention by making dramatic 6． (face) expressions showing his unhappiness about his team's performance. The Qatari team ultimately lost the match.
The teen is actually Abdulrahman Fahad al-Thani. 7． (base) on his family name, 8． is believed that the 16-year-old could be a member of the Qatari royal family. During the interview, he also greeted the Chinese audience in Chinese.
On Thursday, Abdulrahman recorded a video expressing his gratitude for the love he has received from the Chinese people. It was posted on Chinese social media on Thursday.
Many people commented that he was welcome 9． (visit) China as well. Also, his 10． (respond) was one of the most discussed topics on Chinese social media on Friday.
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
Choose the proper words to complete the following passage. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. committed B. learned C. ready D. approach E. embraceF. random G. charitable H. advantageous l. trait J. causes K. characteristics
Charitableness
It's a universal question: what does it mean to be charitable Is it gift giving, an act of kindness or goodwill gestures Is it being selfless or knowing how and when to help others when needed Is it inherent or 11． That's a lot of questions, but they simmer down to one truth; everyone can be charitable. However, why we contribute can be linked to certain personality traits.
●Extraversion
Extroverts love to express themselves, share ideas and take risks, feeding on the energy of the surrounding crowds. Apply these 12． to a charitable person and you have a potential ambassador with the trick for supporting good 13． , celebrating wellbeing, and presenting the benefits of making a difference in relatable ways.
●Agreeableness
Agreeable types get a big thumbs up for their compassionate(富有同情心的) nature. Always ready to help, they're pro-humanity, 14． situations and others in positive ways. Closely linked to altruism, people with this 15． are more motivated to engage in selfless acts of kindness to support those around them.
●Conscientiousness
The conscientious ones are goal-driven, thrive on achievement, are always planning, attending to details, and adapting their approach for the best results. These qualities harbour an incredible ability to solve problems. In terms of doing charitable work, they're hardworking and most importantly, they're 16． and are unlikely to quit until they succeed.
●Neuroticism
Neurotics get a lot of criticisms and often showcase signs of emotional instability. However, in small doses, neuroticism is 17． , as they have keen self-awareness and are extremely aware of their surroundings. A fear of missing out and wasting good opportunities is a powerful driver to lead them to be 18． .
●Openness
Associated with creativity, imagination and curiosity, open-minded folk 19． fresh experiences, people and ideas and have a broad range of interests. Due to their intellectual awareness and appreciation of the world, they are 20． ) to participate, discover ways to help others, and engage in related activities and events.
Don't worry if you're not sure whether you fall into any of the categories. What does matter is that no matter what your personality type is, you have the capacity to make a difference by getting involved. The Big Five traits define us, but it's a choice to be charitable.
三、翻译
21．常言道："良好的开端是成功的一半。"
: "A good beginning is half done."
22．她在信中感谢了他的帮助。
She in her letter.
23．你既对独立有新的渴望，却又不断索取着父母的关爱和支持。
You have both a new for and a continued need for your parents' love and support.
24．到达目的地后，你将有一天的时间来探索这座古城，并为之惊叹。
25．他们必须是所在运动项目上的大师，并且是他人学习的楷模。
26．当乔丹的双脚离地那一瞬间，时间似乎都凝固了。
27．正是因为这个原因，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。（强调句）
28．乔丹说，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中学习。
29．为了充分实现你的潜能，对你来说充分利用学校资源是重要的。
30．同等重要的是好的学习习惯， 有用的技巧和积极的态度。
四、完形填空
One of the benefits of social media is that it allows us to witness little moments of joy all around the world. And this was just the 31． when a classical pianist, Karim Kamar, quite literally lent a helping hand to a 32． youngster who only learned to walk recently.
In a short video on TikTok, in front of 33． Karim Kamar is playing the public piano at London's busy St. Pancras train station. Then a little youngster walked 34． to him and asked the pianist to 35． from the public piano, so he could have a 36． at playing.
Kamar, who's played at many well-known concerts, 37． stood up for the tiny child and helped him on to the piano seat. He then bent down to perform with his young pupil, 38． his hands as the little kid picked out the 39． to a favorite, "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star."
In this short video, it's lovely to see the pianist take the 40． to help the child play the instrument. And it reminds us of the 41． of music to unite us when generations 42． and pass down their know-how to those starting out.
It's also 43． to remember just how our little ones desire to learn more, and we should always find a way to 44． them—even when it tries our 45． ! —as they try and make sense of the huge world that surrounds them.
31．A．principle B．state C．argument D．case
32．A．nervous B．curious C．serious D．anxious
33．A．crowds B．actors C．students D．directors
34．A．quickly B．silently C．unstably D．confidently
35．A．set off B．get up C．try on D．give in
36．A．turn B．guide C．lesson D．look
37．A．unwillingly B．gladly C．eagerly D．cautiously
38．A．shaking B．placing C．holding D．raising
39．A．notes B．tastes C．sounds D．memories
40．A．chance B．space C．time D．gift
41．A．power B．quality C．favor D．practice
42．A．compete B．complain C．compare D．combine
43．A．impossible B．incredible C．difficult D．important
44．A．defend B．encourage C．comfort D．challenge
45．A．wisdom B．ambition C．patience D．kindness
五、阅读理解
A
阅读理解
Housing officials say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will and the skill, to address ordinary conflicts. "We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room," says a teacher. "So many of our roommate conflicts are because kids don't know how to negotiate a problem."
And as any pop psychologist will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent discontent that can boil over into frustration and anger. At the University of Florida, emotional outbursts occur about once a week, the university's director of housing and residence education says. "It used to be: ‘Let's sit down and talk about it.'" he says. "Over the past five years, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don't have the person-to-person discussions and they don't know how to handle them." The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.
Administrators speculate that reliance on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable encounters. Why express anger in person when you can vent in a text "Things are posted on someone's wall on Facebook: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying," says Dana Pysz, an assistant director in the office of residential life at the University of California, Los Angeles. "It's a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more frictions as complaints go public." In recent focus groups at North Carolina State University, dorm residents said they would not even confront noisy neighbors on their floor.
Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children's problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to interfere on campus.
46．What is the main reason for many roommate conflicts
A．Students are not strong-willed.
B．Students are not satisfied with each other.
C．Housing directors are not responsible for them.
D．Students are not good at reaching an agreement about the problems.
47．What do we learn from the second paragraph
A．Students, especially freshmen, should bottle up their dissatisfaction.
B．Some students are not able to handle conflicts by the time they graduate.
C．Students in Florida sit down and have a person-to-person talk once a week.
D．The number of conflicts among roommates has decreased during the past five years.
48．What is the attitude of Dana Pysz when he mentions roommates disclosing their conflicts in the media
A．Disapproval. B．Indifference. C．Eagerness. D．Empathy.
49．What should parents do according to the passage
A．They should be involved in their children's life on campus.
B．They should teach their children the skills to tackle the conflicts.
C．They should constantly contact the administrators of the college.
D．They should deal with their children's problems in their whole lives.
B
阅读理解
My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn't know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned "pet sitting" and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about The Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾). It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It's been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It's been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed
50．Why did the author do pet sitting
A．To raise fund. B．To protect the environment.
C．To cover travel expenses. D．To shoot beautiful beaches.
51．What does the author intend to convey through her story
A．Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
B．The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C．Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D．Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
52．How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A．Significant. B．Challenging. C．Adventurous. D．Dreadful.
53．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting
B．Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel
C．Dealing with Global Environment Pollution
D．The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean
C
阅读理解
In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Take the Cory's shearwater, an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory's shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the "exploration-refinement", and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals' movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. "We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement' for migratory birds," says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults— but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, "exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes," says Barbara Frei. "It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe."
54．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．It describes animals' habitats.
B．It talks about migration models.
C．It compares different species.
D．It introduces a tracking technology.
55．What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory's shearwaters.
C．The way Cory's shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory's shearwaters' movements.
56．What does Letizia's study find about the younger Cory's shearwaters
A．They travel as much as adult birds.
B．They move in a predictable manner.
C．They lower the speed for exploration.
D．They look for a course with their parents.
57．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Man-made changes make migration easier.
B．Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C．Course exploration contributes to birds' adaptability.
D．A combination of strategies assures migration success.
D
Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little courtesies(礼貌). But many social norms just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a great-great-grandson of Emily Post and a coauthor of the 18th edition of Emily Post's Etiquette, asked, "At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost "
Then there is voice mail, a now impolite way of trying to connect. Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those long-winded messages. In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. Which leads to the worst offenders of all: those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Annoyed, he called my sister to complain that I never returned his phone calls. "Why are you leaving him voice mails " my sister asked. "Just text him."
This isn't the first time technology has changed our manners. In the late 1870s, when the telephone was invented, people didn't know how to greet a caller. Often there was just silence. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, "Ahoy!" Eventually" hello" won out, and the victory quickened the greeting's use in face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, a store's hours, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards Easy: Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.
58．How did the writer respond to his father's voice mail
A．He texted his father. B．He called his father.
C．He sent e-mails. D．He never replied.
59．The use of "hello" is mentioned in paragraph 5 in order to ____.
A．illustrate that technology has brought about new manners
B．explain the best way to greet a caller in a polite way
C．stress that greeting has been important in history
D．reveal the value of face-to-face communication
60．Since standards of good manners vary from person to person, the writer suggests ____.
A．stopping thinking too much about politeness
B．avoiding wasting time on online communication
C．learning more from those who are older than we are
D．taking the receiver of your e-mail into consideration
61．What is the writer most likely to agree with
A．Good manners change with the time.
B．Politeness is of less and less importance.
C．Digital communication leads to rudeness.
D．Thank-you notes are necessary though seldom used.
六、书面表达
62．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Summertime is lots of fun, but when it's too hot it can instead be very uncomfortable and dangerous.
When the temperature rose to 38℃ in Fort Worth Texas several years ago it was especially difficult for those who didn't have an air conditioner (空调). 95-year-old World War I soldier Julius Hatley was one of those who have to stand the burning heat. His air conditioner had broken and he was completely burning up.
Still, even at 95, he was doing everything he could to get by without help. Julius tried spending time under the trees in his garden—but at one point, he just couldn't take it any more. So he took action. Not knowing what else to do about the extreme heat, 95-year-old Hatley called his local Fort Worth, Texas police department.
William Margolis, was the officer on duty that day. He knew this was a common 911 call. For the police, Hatley's request was not an urgent call because there were more important and bigger event waiting for them to do. Still, Margolis and his partner Christopher Weir managed to spare time for a visit.
When they got there around 8:30 am, they found his house was 38℃ to 39℃ already. And the temperature was still rising. After checking the room for a little while, Margolis and Weir quickly discovered that both Hatley's central air conditioning and window unit were broken, leaving the man to suffer alone.
The two men didn't have a solution to Hatley's problem right then, but they promised they would find it out. It didn't take long, however, for Margolis to realize that he just couldn't shake the image of the poor, old man out of his head. He requested that he and Weir make a stop at a shop, where they could buy Hatley a new air conditioner themselves.
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But the kindness didn't stop there.
……
The 95 year old was touched by all that they had done.
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上外版必修一综合复习分层练（基础达标+能力提升）（解析卷）
一、根据提示或首字母填写出单词的正确形式
The official mascot for the World Cup 2022, which is currently taking place in Qatar, is La'eeb-a figure 1． name means "super-skilled player" in Arabic. But Chinese fans have nicknamed the mascot the "wonton wrapper" (馄饨皮) because 2． its resemblance to the dumpling-like food. The positive attention directed toward the mascot has also made a Qatari youngster 3． social media hit in China.
During the live broadcast of the opening match between Qatar and Ecuador, a young fan in the audience 4． (wear) a kaffiyeh, a traditional male headdress in the region, 5． (attract) people's attention by making dramatic 6． (face) expressions showing his unhappiness about his team's performance. The Qatari team ultimately lost the match.
The teen is actually Abdulrahman Fahad al-Thani. 7． (base) on his family name, 8． is believed that the 16-year-old could be a member of the Qatari royal family. During the interview, he also greeted the Chinese audience in Chinese.
On Thursday, Abdulrahman recorded a video expressing his gratitude for the love he has received from the Chinese people. It was posted on Chinese social media on Thursday.
Many people commented that he was welcome 9． (visit) China as well. Also, his 10． (respond) was one of the most discussed topics on Chinese social media on Friday.
【答案】1．whose；2．of；3．a；4．wearing；5．has attracted；6．facial；7．Based；8．it；9．to visit；10．response
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了2022年世界杯的官方吉祥物走红，以及16岁的阿卜杜拉赫曼成为中国社交媒体的热门人物。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，介词，冠词，非谓语动词，时态，形容词，代词，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：目前正在卡塔尔举行的2022年世界杯的官方吉祥物是拉埃布(La’eeb)，它的名字在阿拉伯语中的意思是“超级熟练球员”。 name means "super-skilled player" in Arabic是限制性定语从句，先行词是a figure ，在从句中作定语，修饰名词 name ，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。
2．句意：但中国粉丝给吉祥物起了个绰号“馄饨皮”，因为它和馄饨一样的食物很相似。because of，固定短语，“因为”，故填of。
3．句意：对吉祥物的积极关注也让一名卡塔尔年轻人在中国的社交媒体上一炮而红。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，故填a。
4．句意：在卡塔尔队与厄瓜多尔队的开幕式直播中，观众席上一名戴着头巾（该地区传统的男性头饰）的年轻球迷，做出令人印象深刻的面部表情表达了对球队表现的不满，吸引了人们的注意。分wear与逻辑主语a young fan之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填wearing。
5．句意：在卡塔尔队与厄瓜多尔队的开幕式直播中，观众席上一名戴着头巾（该地区传统的男性头饰）的年轻球迷，做出令人印象深刻的面部表情表达了对球队表现的不满，吸引了人们的注意。结合语境可知，此处表示这位年轻球迷已经吸引了人们的注意，空处应用现在完成时表示过去的动作产生影响，主语a young fan是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式has attracted。故填has attracted。
6．句意：在卡塔尔队与厄瓜多尔队的开幕式直播中，观众席上一名戴着头巾（该地区传统的男性头饰）的年轻球迷，做出令人印象深刻的面部表情表达了对球队表现的不满，吸引了人们的注意。空处修饰名词expressions，应用形容词作定语，facial expression“面部表情”。故填facial。
7．句意：根据他的姓氏，据相信这名16岁的男孩可能是卡塔尔王室成员。此处过去分词作原因状语，故填 Based 。
8．句意：根据他的姓氏，据相信这名16岁的男孩可能是卡塔尔王室成员。此处it作形式主语，从句 that the 16-year-old could be a member of the Qatari royal family 作真正的主语，故填 it 。
9．句意：许多人评论说，欢迎他也访问中国。be welcome to do固定短语，“欢迎做.......”，故填 to visit 。
10．句意：此外，他的回应也是周五中国社交媒体上讨论最多的话题之一。此处名词作主语，故填 response 。
二、选词填空（词汇运用）
Choose the proper words to complete the following passage. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. committed B. learned C. ready D. approach E. embraceF. random G. charitable H. advantageous l. trait J. causes K. characteristics
Charitableness
It's a universal question: what does it mean to be charitable Is it gift giving, an act of kindness or goodwill gestures Is it being selfless or knowing how and when to help others when needed Is it inherent or 11． That's a lot of questions, but they simmer down to one truth; everyone can be charitable. However, why we contribute can be linked to certain personality traits.
●Extraversion
Extroverts love to express themselves, share ideas and take risks, feeding on the energy of the surrounding crowds. Apply these 12． to a charitable person and you have a potential ambassador with the trick for supporting good 13． , celebrating wellbeing, and presenting the benefits of making a difference in relatable ways.
●Agreeableness
Agreeable types get a big thumbs up for their compassionate(富有同情心的) nature. Always ready to help, they're pro-humanity, 14． situations and others in positive ways. Closely linked to altruism, people with this 15． are more motivated to engage in selfless acts of kindness to support those around them.
●Conscientiousness
The conscientious ones are goal-driven, thrive on achievement, are always planning, attending to details, and adapting their approach for the best results. These qualities harbour an incredible ability to solve problems. In terms of doing charitable work, they're hardworking and most importantly, they're 16． and are unlikely to quit until they succeed.
●Neuroticism
Neurotics get a lot of criticisms and often showcase signs of emotional instability. However, in small doses, neuroticism is 17． , as they have keen self-awareness and are extremely aware of their surroundings. A fear of missing out and wasting good opportunities is a powerful driver to lead them to be 18． .
●Openness
Associated with creativity, imagination and curiosity, open-minded folk 19． fresh experiences, people and ideas and have a broad range of interests. Due to their intellectual awareness and appreciation of the world, they are 20． ) to participate, discover ways to help others, and engage in related activities and events.
Don't worry if you're not sure whether you fall into any of the categories. What does matter is that no matter what your personality type is, you have the capacity to make a difference by getting involved. The Big Five traits define us, but it's a choice to be charitable.
【答案】11．B；12．K；13．J；14．D；15．I；16．A；17．H；18．G；19．E；20．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有关慈善的相关事宜。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：它是天生的还是后天的？ learned 形容词，“后天获得的，后天习得的”，与 inherent 并列，作表语，故填B。
12．句意：将这些特点应用到慈善人士身上，你就有了一位潜在的大使，他会用技巧支持慈善事业，庆祝幸福，并以相关的方式展示与众不同的好处。 characteristics “特点”，名词，此处作介词宾语，故填K。
13．句意：将这些特点应用到慈善人士身上，你就有了一位潜在的大使，他会用技巧支持慈善事业，庆祝幸福，并以相关的方式展示与众不同的好处。 causes “事业”，此处名词作宾语，故填J。
14．句意：他们总是乐于助人，他们是亲人类的，以积极的方式处理各种情况和其他问题。 approach 动词，“着手处理”，故填D。
15．句意：与利他主义密切相关的是，具有这种特质的人更有动力从事无私的慈善行为，以支持身边的人。 trait “特点”，此处作介词宾语，故填I。
16．句意：在做慈善工作方面，他们很努力，最重要的是，他们有决心，在成功之前不可能放弃。 committed 形容词，“忠诚的，笃信的”，此处作表语，故填A。
17．句意：然而，在小剂量的情况下，神经质是有利的，因为他们有敏锐的自我意识，并且非常了解周围环境。 advantageous 形容词，“有利的”，此处作表语，故填H。
18．句意：害怕错过和浪费好机会是促使他们变得慈善的强大动力。 charitable 形容词，“慈善的”，此处作表语，故填G。
19．句意：与创造力、想象力和好奇心相关，思想开放的人接受新鲜的经验、人和想法，并有广泛的兴趣。 embrace “拥抱，接受”此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，故填 E 。
20．句意：由于他们的智力意识和对世界的欣赏，他们随时准备参与，发现帮助他人的方法，并参与相关活动和活动。 ready “有准备的”，形容词，此处作表语，故填C。
三、翻译
21．常言道："良好的开端是成功的一半。"
: "A good beginning is half done."
【答案】As；the；saying；goes
【解析】【分析】根据句意可知，空处应为意为"正如谚语所说；常言道"的固定句型as the saying goes，此句型中as引导的为非限制性定语从句。故填As the saying goes。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及as引导的非限制性定语从句和一般现在时。
22．她在信中感谢了他的帮助。
She in her letter.
【答案】acknowledged；his；help
【解析】【分析】根据句意及所给句子可知，"感谢"使用动词acknowledge，"他的帮助"使用his help，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填acknowledged；his；help。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时。
23．你既对独立有新的渴望，却又不断索取着父母的关爱和支持。
You have both a new for and a continued need for your parents' love and support.
【答案】desire；independence
【解析】【分析】根据句意表示"渴望"应用名词desire；表示"独立"应用名词independence。故填desire；independence。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及名词作宾语。
24．到达目的地后，你将有一天的时间来探索这座古城，并为之惊叹。
【答案】After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city.
【解析】【分析】表示“到达目的地后”可用after作介词，后接动名词短语reaching your destination作宾语，构成介词短语作时间状语；表示“您将有一天时间来探索这座令人叹为观止的古城”应用一般将来时，谓语动词为will+动词原形，表达为you will have a day to explore this amazing ancient city，句式have time to do sth意为“有时间做某事”，不定式作定语，形容词amazing意为“令人叹为观止”。故答案为After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore this amazing ancient city.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般将来时以及固定短语have time to do sth。
25．他们必须是所在运动项目上的大师，并且是他人学习的楷模。
【答案】They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.
【解析】【分析】must be“必须是”，set examples for sb.“给某人树立榜样、是某人学习的楷模”，主语为they，故“大师（master）”、“运动项目（sport）”、“运动员（athlete）”这几个名词都用复数形式，others：其他人，根据汉语提示，athletes(指人)后可以用一个定语从句（who are masters in their sports and set good examples for others）来翻译，其中who指先行词athletes，且在从句中充当主语，整句描述的是一个事实，应用一般现在时。结合其他提示，故答案为 They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及who引导的定语从句，一般现在时以及固定短语set examples for sb.。
26．当乔丹的双脚离地那一瞬间，时间似乎都凝固了。
【答案】When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still.
【解析】【分析】根据句意可知本句应该用一般过去时。似乎：sth./sb. seem to do，“静止”stand still。故答案为When Michael Jordan 's feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still.。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及时间状语从句，一般过去时以及固定短语sth./sb. seem to do和stand still。
27．正是因为这个原因，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。（强调句）
【答案】It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
【解析】【分析】强调句的基本句型是：It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分。表示“由于这个原因”应用for this reason；表示“西班牙语”应用Spanish；表示“成为”应用became；表示“Peru的主要官方语言”应用 the main official language of Peru；此处陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，对状语进行强调需在for this reason前后加上“it was”和“that”。故答案为：It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及强调句和一般现在时。
28．乔丹说，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中学习。
【答案】Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，句子是主从复合句，主句是“乔丹说……”，根据句意用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故译为Jordan says；宾语是从句，句意完整，成分齐全，用that引导的宾语从句；从句主语“他成功的秘密”应译为the secret to his success；从句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故谓语动词“是/在于”应用is；“从失败中学习”译为learn from failures，分析句子可知，此处应用该短语的非谓语动词形式作表语，“从失败中学习”是经常性的动作，应用动名词。故答案为 Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及宾语从句，名一般现在时以及固定短语the secret to和learn from。
29．为了充分实现你的潜能，对你来说充分利用学校资源是重要的。
【答案】To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.
【解析】【分析】表示“为了”，应用不定式to do作目的状语，“潜力”，应用名词语“ potential”；“充分利用”，应用短语make the most of，表示“学校资源” ，短语为school resources，作短语make the most of的宾语；表示“对某人来说......是重要的”句子为it is important for sb to do...。故答案为To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作目的状语，一般现在时以及固定短语make the most of。
30．同等重要的是好的学习习惯， 有用的技巧和积极的态度。
【答案】Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
【解析】【分析】分析句子结构可知，“好的学习习惯、有用的技能以及积极的态度”为句子主语，“同样重要的”为表语。本句可用“表语+连系动词+主语”构成完全倒装结构。“好的学习习惯、有用的技能以及积极的态度”翻译为good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude，“同样重要”根据“of+名词（相当于形容词，作表语）”结构，翻译为“of equal importance”。再结合句意，本句陈述事实，用一般现在时。故答案为 Of equal importance are your good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，倒装句。
四、完形填空
One of the benefits of social media is that it allows us to witness little moments of joy all around the world. And this was just the 31． when a classical pianist, Karim Kamar, quite literally lent a helping hand to a 32． youngster who only learned to walk recently.
In a short video on TikTok, in front of 33． Karim Kamar is playing the public piano at London's busy St. Pancras train station. Then a little youngster walked 34． to him and asked the pianist to 35． from the public piano, so he could have a 36． at playing.
Kamar, who's played at many well-known concerts, 37． stood up for the tiny child and helped him on to the piano seat. He then bent down to perform with his young pupil, 38． his hands as the little kid picked out the 39． to a favorite, "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star."
In this short video, it's lovely to see the pianist take the 40． to help the child play the instrument. And it reminds us of the 41． of music to unite us when generations 42． and pass down their know-how to those starting out.
It's also 43． to remember just how our little ones desire to learn more, and we should always find a way to 44． them—even when it tries our 45． ! —as they try and make sense of the huge world that surrounds them.
31．A．principle B．state C．argument D．case
32．A．nervous B．curious C．serious D．anxious
33．A．crowds B．actors C．students D．directors
34．A．quickly B．silently C．unstably D．confidently
35．A．set off B．get up C．try on D．give in
36．A．turn B．guide C．lesson D．look
37．A．unwillingly B．gladly C．eagerly D．cautiously
38．A．shaking B．placing C．holding D．raising
39．A．notes B．tastes C．sounds D．memories
40．A．chance B．space C．time D．gift
41．A．power B．quality C．favor D．practice
42．A．compete B．complain C．compare D．combine
43．A．impossible B．incredible C．difficult D．important
44．A．defend B．encourage C．comfort D．challenge
45．A．wisdom B．ambition C．patience D．kindness
【答案】31．D；32．A；33．A；34．C；35．B；36．A；37．B；38．B；39．A；40．C；41．A；42．D；43．D；44．B；45．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了钢琴家卡里姆·卡玛尔在火车站教一个才学会走路不久的男孩演奏《一闪一闪亮晶晶》的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
31．句意：古典钢琴家卡里姆·卡玛尔确实向一个最近才学会走路的紧张的年轻人伸出了援手。A. principle“原则”；B. state“状态”；C. argument“争论”；D. case“情况”。后文古典钢琴家卡里姆·卡玛尔帮助年轻人的故事正好符合上文“One of the benefits of social media is that it allows us to witness little moments of joy all around the world.”社交媒体的好处之一是，它可以让我们见证世界各地的小快乐时刻，故选D。
32．句意：古典钢琴家卡里姆·卡玛尔确实向一个最近才学会走路的紧张的年轻人伸出了援手。A. nervous“紧张的”；B. curious“好奇的”；C. serious“严肃的”；D. anxious“焦虑的”。根据空后“who only learned to walk recently”可知年轻人很紧张。故选A。
33．句意：在TikTok上的一段短视频中，卡里姆·卡玛尔在伦敦繁忙的圣潘克拉斯火车站在人群面前弹奏公共钢琴。A. crowds“人群”；B. actors“演员”；C. students“学生”；D. directors“主任”。根据空后“at London's busy St. Pancras train station”可知是在人群面前演奏。故选A。
34．句意：这时，一个小男孩摇摇晃晃地走到他面前，请钢琴师从公共钢琴上站起来，让他弹一曲。A. quickly“快速地”；B. silently“沉默地”；C. unstably“不稳定地”；D. confidently“自信地”。呼应上文“youngster who only learned to walk recently.”指小男孩走路还不稳。故选C。
35．句意：这时，一个小男孩摇摇晃晃地走到他面前，请钢琴师从公共钢琴上站起来，让他弹一曲。A. set off“出发”；B. get up“站起来”；C. try on“尝试”；D. give in“屈服”。根据下文“stood up for the tiny child”可知男孩让钢琴家从公共钢琴上站起来，故选B。
36．句意：这时，一个小男孩摇摇晃晃地走到他面前，请钢琴师从公共钢琴上站起来，让他弹一曲。A. turn“转弯，轮次”；B. guide“指导”；C. lesson“课程”；D. look“看”。男孩让钢琴师起来是为了让自己弹奏一曲。have a turn at固定短语，“试一试”。故选A。
37．句意：卡玛在许多著名的音乐会上演奏过，他很高兴地站起来帮助这个小孩，并把他扶到钢琴座上。A. unwillingly“不情愿地”；B. gladly“高兴地”；C. eagerly“急切地”；D. cautiously“谨慎地”。根据空后“stood up for the tiny child and helped him”可知卡玛高兴地起身了。故选B。
38．句意：然后，他弯下腰和他的小学生一起表演，他把手放在孩子的手上，让孩子弹出他最喜欢的《一闪一闪亮晶晶》的音符。A. shaking“摇晃”；B. placing“放置”；C. holding“持有”；D. raising“筹集”。根据空前“He then bent down to perform with his young pupil”可知，他弯下腰和他的小学生一起表演，他把手放在孩子的手上。故选B。
39．句意：然后，他弯下腰和他的小学生一起表演，他把手放在孩子的手上，让孩子弹出他最喜欢的《一闪一闪亮晶晶》的音符。A. notes“音符”；B. tastes“品味”；C. sounds“声音”；D. memories“记忆”。根据空后“to a favorite, ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.’”指弹奏的音符应用notes。故选A。
40．句意：在这个短视频中，很高兴看到钢琴家花时间帮助孩子演奏乐器。A. chance “机会”；B. space“空间”；C. time“时间”；D. gift“礼物”。根据空后“to help the child play the instrument”可知，钢琴家花时间帮助孩子演奏乐器。故选C。
41．句意：它提醒我们，当几代人结合并将他们的知识传授给那些刚开始学习音乐的人时，音乐的力量将使我们团结在一起。A. power“力量”；B. quality“品质”；C. favor“帮助”；D. practice“实际”。根据空后“of music to unite us”可知音乐有团结的力量。故选A。
42．句意：它提醒我们，当几代人结合并将他们的知识传授给那些刚开始学习音乐的人时，音乐的力量将使我们团结在一起。A. compete“比赛”；B. complain“抱怨”；C. compare“比较”；D. combine“结合”。根据空前“unite us when generations”指几代人结合。故选D。
43．句意：同样重要的是要记住我们的孩子是多么渴望学习更多，我们应该总是找到一种方法来鼓励他们——即使这考验我们的耐心！A. impossible“不可能的”；B. incredible“难以置信的”；C. difficult“困难的”；D. important“重要的”。根据空后“to remember just how our little ones desire to learn more”可知，同样重要的是要记住我们的孩子是多么渴望学习更多，故选D。
44．句意：同样重要的是要记住我们的孩子是多么渴望学习更多，我们应该总是找到一种方法来鼓励他们——即使这考验我们的耐心！A. defend“防御”；B. encourage“鼓励”；C. comfort“安慰”；D. challenge“挑战”。孩子渴望学习，所以我们应该找到方法来激励他们。故选B。
45．句意：同样重要的是要记住我们的孩子是多么渴望学习更多，我们应该总是找到一种方法来鼓励他们——即使这考验我们的耐心！A. wisdom“智慧”；B. ambition“抱负”；C. patience“耐心”；D. kindness“善良”。根据上文钢琴师帮助男孩的故事告诉我们，教育需要时间和耐心。故选C。
五、阅读理解
A
阅读理解
Housing officials say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will and the skill, to address ordinary conflicts. "We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room," says a teacher. "So many of our roommate conflicts are because kids don't know how to negotiate a problem."
And as any pop psychologist will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent discontent that can boil over into frustration and anger. At the University of Florida, emotional outbursts occur about once a week, the university's director of housing and residence education says. "It used to be: ‘Let's sit down and talk about it.'" he says. "Over the past five years, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don't have the person-to-person discussions and they don't know how to handle them." The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.
Administrators speculate that reliance on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable encounters. Why express anger in person when you can vent in a text "Things are posted on someone's wall on Facebook: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying," says Dana Pysz, an assistant director in the office of residential life at the University of California, Los Angeles. "It's a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more frictions as complaints go public." In recent focus groups at North Carolina State University, dorm residents said they would not even confront noisy neighbors on their floor.
Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children's problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to interfere on campus.
46．What is the main reason for many roommate conflicts
A．Students are not strong-willed.
B．Students are not satisfied with each other.
C．Housing directors are not responsible for them.
D．Students are not good at reaching an agreement about the problems.
47．What do we learn from the second paragraph
A．Students, especially freshmen, should bottle up their dissatisfaction.
B．Some students are not able to handle conflicts by the time they graduate.
C．Students in Florida sit down and have a person-to-person talk once a week.
D．The number of conflicts among roommates has decreased during the past five years.
48．What is the attitude of Dana Pysz when he mentions roommates disclosing their conflicts in the media
A．Disapproval. B．Indifference. C．Eagerness. D．Empathy.
49．What should parents do according to the passage
A．They should be involved in their children's life on campus.
B．They should teach their children the skills to tackle the conflicts.
C．They should constantly contact the administrators of the college.
D．They should deal with their children's problems in their whole lives.
【答案】46．D
47．B
48．A
49．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了大学生宿舍冲突日益加剧的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
46．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“So many of our roommate conflicts are because kids don’t know how to negotiate a problem.”我们的很多室友冲突都是因为孩子们不知道如何协商问题。可知，许多室友冲突的主要原因是学生们不善于就问题达成一致意见。故选D。
47．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.”这个问题在大一新生中表现得最为明显；舍务专员说，随着学生们临近毕业，他们看到了改善，但有些人似乎从来没有领会到这一点，他们担心这些学生毕业后将如何处理冲突。可知，有些学生到毕业时还无法处理冲突。故选B。
48．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ ‘Things are posted on someone's wall on Facebook: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying,’ says Dana Pysz, an assistant director in the office of residential life at the University of California, Los Angeles. ‘It's a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more frictions as complaints go public.’ ”加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California, Los Angeles)住宿生活办公室助理主任达纳·皮斯说:“有人在Facebook上的留言板上贴了一些东西:哦，我的室友让我整晚熬夜学习。”“这是一种表达彼此冲突的不同方式，随着投诉公开化，结果会产生更多摩擦。”可知，达纳·皮斯并不赞同在媒体上公开与室友间的冲突这一做法。故选A。
49．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children's problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. ”管理人员指出，父母在孩子的整个生活中都解决了他们的问题。现在上了大学，孩子们甚至缺乏处理轻微冲突的能力。可知，家长们应该教他们的孩子处理冲突的技能。故选B。
B
阅读理解
My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn't know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned "pet sitting" and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about The Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾). It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It's been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It's been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed
50．Why did the author do pet sitting
A．To raise fund. B．To protect the environment.
C．To cover travel expenses. D．To shoot beautiful beaches.
51．What does the author intend to convey through her story
A．Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
B．The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C．Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D．Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
52．How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A．Significant. B．Challenging. C．Adventurous. D．Dreadful.
53．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting
B．Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel
C．Dealing with Global Environment Pollution
D．The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean
【答案】50．C
51．D
52．A
53．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作，去了一个很美丽的小岛，但是确被塑料所污染，所以作者把看到的垃圾分享到微博上，希望唤起人们的环保意识，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
50．考查细节理解。根据第一段“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned ‘pet sitting’ and that it is something you can do all over the world.”我和我丈夫一直想去加勒比，但对这些岛屿不太了解，也不知道我们将如何负担得起。一次偶然的机会，我们在澳大利亚的一位朋友提到了“照顾宠物”，这是一个你在全世界都可以做的事。可知，作者做“照顾宠物”的工作是为了支付自己和丈夫去加勒比的费用。故选C。
51．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾). It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.”然而，每一张美丽海滩的相册里，都有10张垃圾照片(垃圾). 很难忽视塑料污染问题，尤其是在这样原始和偏远的海滩上。于是，我们开始分享我们看到的垃圾照片，以及我们每天遛狗时能捡到多少垃圾；以及第四段中的“The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution.”我们越是关注塑料污染，就越是意识到全球塑料污染的严重性，推知，作者想通过自己的故事告诉读者必须采取措施应对垃圾污染。故选D。
52．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“It's been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.”现在已经三年多了，我们继续尽我们所能。这段旅程让我们来到了一些令人惊叹的地方，与伟大的品牌合作，甚至在格林纳达组织了全国范围的海滩清理运动。可知，作者的那次旅行不仅让她意识到了塑料垃圾污染的重要性，还通过自己的行动影响了很多人。可推知，她认为自己的加勒比的经历是非常重要的。故选A。
53．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作，去了一个很美丽的小岛，但是确被塑料所污染，所以作者把看到的垃圾分享到微博上，希望唤起人们的环保意识，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。结合最后一段“Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It's been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed ”我们现在的目标是继续前进。我们喜欢与志同道合的人建立联系。一场关于宠物看护的对话引发了这几年的奇妙经历。谁会猜的到呢？可知 “照顾宠物旅行的意外收获”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
C
阅读理解
In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Take the Cory's shearwater, an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory's shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the "exploration-refinement", and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals' movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. "We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement' for migratory birds," says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults— but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, "exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes," says Barbara Frei. "It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe."
54．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．It describes animals' habitats.
B．It talks about migration models.
C．It compares different species.
D．It introduces a tracking technology.
55．What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory's shearwaters.
C．The way Cory's shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory's shearwaters' movements.
56．What does Letizia's study find about the younger Cory's shearwaters
A．They travel as much as adult birds.
B．They move in a predictable manner.
C．They lower the speed for exploration.
D．They look for a course with their parents.
57．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Man-made changes make migration easier.
B．Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C．Course exploration contributes to birds' adaptability.
D．A combination of strategies assures migration success.
【答案】54．B
55．C
56．C
57．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对科里海鸥迁徙的模式的研究。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
54．考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.”像鲸鱼和大雁这样的野生动物通过跟随父母学习迁徙路线。其他鸟类，包括小型鸣禽，在它们的遗传密码中获得了迁徙的距离和方向。一些动物利用遗传和文化的结合来指导它们的迁移。可知，本段主要讲述动物迁徙的模式。故选B。
55．考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“Cory's shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.”科里海鸥的寿命很长，很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式提供了机会；以及“Researchers call this the ‘exploration-refinement’”研究人员称之为“探索-精炼”。可知，此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探索-精炼”，第三段中划线的this指代的是科里海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C。
56．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults— but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.”年轻的科里海鸥能够和成年海鸥一样快地飞行，但它们没有，这表明年轻的科里海鸥会进行更多的探索，随着它们成熟并确定了自己喜欢的路线，这种探索逐渐消失。可知，莱蒂齐亚的研究发现小科里海鸥为了探索降低了它们的飞行速度。故选C。
57．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, ‘exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,’ says Barbara Frei.”芭芭拉·弗雷说：“尽管它看起来比其他策略效率低，但在一个由于不可预测的人为变化而迅速变化的世界中，探索精炼可能对鸟类和其他生物有益”可推知，路线探索有助于鸟类的适应能力。故选C。
D
Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little courtesies(礼貌). But many social norms just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a great-great-grandson of Emily Post and a coauthor of the 18th edition of Emily Post's Etiquette, asked, "At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost "
Then there is voice mail, a now impolite way of trying to connect. Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those long-winded messages. In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. Which leads to the worst offenders of all: those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Annoyed, he called my sister to complain that I never returned his phone calls. "Why are you leaving him voice mails " my sister asked. "Just text him."
This isn't the first time technology has changed our manners. In the late 1870s, when the telephone was invented, people didn't know how to greet a caller. Often there was just silence. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, "Ahoy!" Eventually" hello" won out, and the victory quickened the greeting's use in face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, a store's hours, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards Easy: Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.
58．How did the writer respond to his father's voice mail
A．He texted his father. B．He called his father.
C．He sent e-mails. D．He never replied.
59．The use of "hello" is mentioned in paragraph 5 in order to ____.
A．illustrate that technology has brought about new manners
B．explain the best way to greet a caller in a polite way
C．stress that greeting has been important in history
D．reveal the value of face-to-face communication
60．Since standards of good manners vary from person to person, the writer suggests ____.
A．stopping thinking too much about politeness
B．avoiding wasting time on online communication
C．learning more from those who are older than we are
D．taking the receiver of your e-mail into consideration
61．What is the writer most likely to agree with
A．Good manners change with the time.
B．Politeness is of less and less importance.
C．Digital communication leads to rudeness.
D．Thank-you notes are necessary though seldom used.
【答案】58．D
59．A
60．D
61．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择什么方式进行沟通。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
58．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ none of which I listened to. ”但我一条也没听。可知作者从来不回复父亲的语音邮箱，故选D。
59．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ This isn't the first time technology has changed our manners. ”这不是科技第一次改变我们的行为方式，是对电话发明后hello成为大众打招呼的方式的补充说明，因此提到hello的使用是为了阐述科技带来的新规矩，故选A。
60．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“How to handle these differing standards Easy: Consider your audience. ”如何处理这些不同的标准？简单：考虑你的听众。可知在规定礼貌的标准时要将信息的接收者考虑在内，故选D。
61．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“The anthropologist Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do. ”人类学家玛格丽特·米德曾说过，在传统社会中，年轻人向老年人学习。但在现代社会，老年人也可以向年轻人学习。我们希望礼貌永远不会过时，但浪费时间的交流方式会过时。可推知好的行为举止随着时间而变化，故选A。
六、书面表达
62．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Summertime is lots of fun, but when it's too hot it can instead be very uncomfortable and dangerous.
When the temperature rose to 38℃ in Fort Worth Texas several years ago it was especially difficult for those who didn't have an air conditioner (空调). 95-year-old World War I soldier Julius Hatley was one of those who have to stand the burning heat. His air conditioner had broken and he was completely burning up.
Still, even at 95, he was doing everything he could to get by without help. Julius tried spending time under the trees in his garden—but at one point, he just couldn't take it any more. So he took action. Not knowing what else to do about the extreme heat, 95-year-old Hatley called his local Fort Worth, Texas police department.
William Margolis, was the officer on duty that day. He knew this was a common 911 call. For the police, Hatley's request was not an urgent call because there were more important and bigger event waiting for them to do. Still, Margolis and his partner Christopher Weir managed to spare time for a visit.
When they got there around 8:30 am, they found his house was 38℃ to 39℃ already. And the temperature was still rising. After checking the room for a little while, Margolis and Weir quickly discovered that both Hatley's central air conditioning and window unit were broken, leaving the man to suffer alone.
The two men didn't have a solution to Hatley's problem right then, but they promised they would find it out. It didn't take long, however, for Margolis to realize that he just couldn't shake the image of the poor, old man out of his head. He requested that he and Weir make a stop at a shop, where they could buy Hatley a new air conditioner themselves.
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But the kindness didn't stop there.
……
The 95 year old was touched by all that they had done.
【答案】 But the kindness didn't stop there. What they didn't expect was that more people were to join in the kindness. While shopping, the officers told Hatley's problem to the shop assistants, asking them which models were best suited to his needs. Touched by the men's decision to buy the air conditioner themselves, the shop assistants also joined in, donating $150 towards the cause. Margolis and Weir invited another officer to help them fix the air conditioner in Hatley's house. And now they are working on getting his windows replaced, his house repainted and food provided every week.
The 95-year-old was touched by all that they had done. He was so moved that tears welled up his eyes. He just couldn't believe what had happened because all these years he was living all by himself. He tried to solve every trouble himself. But now he knew he was not alone and if he needed help, the police would do everything they could to help him. What a difference a little bit of kindness can make!
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了95岁的一战士兵朱利叶斯·哈特利因为空调坏了，而无法忍受炎热的天气，于是寻求警察的帮助，本来值班警察威廉·马戈利斯并没有解决他问题的办法，但是最后还是在善意的引导下，决定给利叶斯·哈特利买一台空调，他的善举引得其他人也争相帮助这个老人，老人非常感动。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“但善意还不止于此”可知，第一段可描写，其他人在知道了朱利叶斯·哈特利的困境后，都纷纷出手帮助他。②由第二段首句内容“95岁的老人被他们所做的一切感动了”可知，第二段可描写朱利叶斯·哈特利对帮助他的人的感谢以及作者的感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：What they didn't expect was that more people were to join in the kindness. 运用了主语从句，表语从句；While shopping, the officers told Hatley's problem to the shop assistants, asking them which models were best suited to his needs. 运用了省略，现在分词作状语，宾语从句；He was so moved that tears welled up his eyes. 运用了因果并列句；He just couldn't believe what had happened because all these years he was living all by himself. 运用了宾语从句，原因状语从句； But now he knew he was not alone and if he needed help, the police would do everything they could to help him. 运用了并列句，宾语从句，条件状语从句，虚拟语气；What a difference a little bit of kindness can make!运用了感叹句。
基础达标
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