人教版（2019）必修第二册unit4 History and traditions语言点课件(共42张PPT)

(共42张PPT)
Language Points
History and Traditions
Unit 4
高中英语必修第二册
搭配：be similar in 在……方面相似
be the same as 与……相同
be different from 与……不同
be different in 在……方面不同
Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu
1. be similar to 与…相似 ___________n. 相似性　
similarity
①Although the twins are quite different , they _______________ each other in several ways.
②What ____________ can you find between them
are similar to
similarities
2. Achilles’ heel 希娜神话：阿喀琉斯的脚跟
(比喻)致命的弱点
① Angela is a super scholar, but spoken English is her Achilles’ heel .
② When he gives me advice, I am all ears.
他给我提意见时，我_____________________.
③ Sorry, I’m all thumbs when I cook.
很抱歉我一做饭就_____________________________.
④ My wife bought a mink coat that cost an arm and a leg.
我妻子_____________________买了一件貂皮大衣。
笨手笨脚的
洗耳恭听
花了一大笔钱
典故出自荷马史诗《伊利亚特》(The Iliad)。特洛伊战争中，希腊联军阵营最骁勇善战的一支军队the Myrmidons是由Achilles率领的。Achilles在出生时，他的母亲Thetis替他做过特殊处理，因此全身刀枪不入。
Thetis是海中女神，天神Zeus和海神Poseidon对她都有意思，可是都不敢要她，因为命运注定她所生的儿子会比父亲更厉害。最后她下嫁凡人Peleus国王，生下Achilles之后，抱着他来到Styx河边来泡水，使他刀枪不入。可是因为手捏着他的后脚跟没泡到水，因而成了唯一的弱点。
特洛伊城50个王子之首的Hector是维持特洛伊不倒的人物。他虽勇敢，可是最后面对Achilles决战时，仍被追着绕了城墙好几圈才敢停下来作战。在民间戏剧中，往往把Hector描绘为爱吹牛的角色，所以英文中有hectoring一词表示"大吹大擂"、"说大话"。
Achilles于杀死Hector之后，亦被特洛伊城的巴里斯王子(Paris)一箭射中后脚跟而阵亡。后人即以Achilles' heel表示致命伤，最大的弱点。
2. Achilles’ heel 希娜神话：阿喀琉斯的脚跟
(比喻)致命的弱点
英语俚语：pull sb.’s leg 同某人开玩笑 fly off the handle 大发雷霆
over the moon 欣喜若狂 laugh one’s head（s）off 大笑不止，狂笑不已
be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听 be child’s play 极容易做；轻而易举
green fingers 园艺技能 last straw 救命稻草
an early bird 早起的人 a wet blanket 扫兴的人 a lucky dog 幸运儿
a tough nut 难对付的人 fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
3.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
puzzle about/over sth 对某事感到迷惑
puzzle sth out 琢磨出......的答案
be in a puzzle about sth 对某事迷惑不解
puzzled adj.感到迷惑的
puzzling adj.令人费解的
puzzlement n. 迷惑；困惑
word puzzle 字谜
1.The first week was a little ____________________.
2. He wore a expression, maybe the problem was quite __________________.
3. Some people are puzzled ________ the fact that he is still single.
4. _________________（使我困惑的是）is that I don’t know the exact time for the test.
5. She was puzzling the cause of the events.
puzzling/confusing
about
puzzled／confused
3.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
puzzling/confusing
What puzzles me
puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决难题
over
join...to... 把......和......连接或联络起来
join to 连接到；联结
4. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.
join in=take part in=participate in 参加
join sb in doing sth 和某人一起做某事
All the family join me in wishing you a happy future.
4. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
单句语法填空
（1）The island is joined 　　　　　the mainland by a bridge.
（2）In the evening there was a barbecue，with the whole village 　　　　　（join）in the fun.
（3） Do you know how many of them joined　　　　　the research project
完成句子
（4） 将一段管子与相邻的管子连接起来。
　　　　　one section of pipe 　　　　　the next.
to
joining
in　
Join
to
5. In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
break 短语：
break off 中断；折断 break out 突然发生，爆发
break through 突破 break up 破碎；分解；解散；（关系）破裂
break down（机器等）出故障；垮掉；分散；失败
break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
①The Union first consisted of several countries, which broke away ________it later because of conflicts.
②It was the fact that his car broke ________ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
③The fire broke _____during the day, so almost no one was injured.
④—I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken________.
—So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
⑤We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ________ the office during the night.
⑥Startled by the sudden whistle of the train, the horse __________ (逃脱)．
from
down
out
up
into
broke away
6.result in 导致，造成
【归纳拓展】
result in 导致，造成+结果
result from 起因于+原因
【学法点拨】
多种“导致”：result in，lead to，bring about，contribute to，cause
单句语法填空
（1） The terrible accident resulted 　　　　careless driving.
（2） The terrible accident results 　　　　six deaths.
（3）He studies very hard. As 　　　　result，he now speaks brilliant English.
（4） He has a preference for literature as a result 　　　　the influence from his mother.
from
in
a
of
7. refer to...as... 把……称为……
The American Indians referred to salt as “magic white sand”.
美洲印第安人把盐称为“魔力白沙”。
【学法点拨】
“把……看作 / 称为”的表达方式还有：
treat...as... think of...as... regard...as...
look on...as... view...as... consider...as…
注意：refer to 提到，谈到；涉及，关于；参考，查阅
派生词：reference n. 参考；查阅；参考书目；推荐信
单句语法填空
（1） The scientist referred to the discovery 　　　　　the most exciting new
development in this field.
（2） Who do you think the teacher is referring 　　　　　
（3） Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future 　　　　　（refer）.
（4） You should refer this matter 　　　　　the head office for a decision.
to
as
reference
to
8.belong to属于;是……的一员
eg: This bag belongs to him.
He belongs to the third group.
belong to无被动，无进行
belongings n.财物
eg: These houses are her belongings.
1.Lions belong _________ the cat family.
2.The tourists（游客） lost all their _________.(belong)
to
belongings
9.as well as同(一样也);和;还
eg: He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
他既种菜也种花。
A as well as B强调A，作主语时谓语动词的数与A保持一致(就前原则）。有类似用法的还有along with，together with，rather than，with等
1.Mike his family likes to watch movies.
2.Amy, her brothers is in Chengdu now.
as well as
as well as
10. defence（n.）防御
in defence of 防卫
in one's defence 为某人辩护
come to one's defence出来保护某人
defend...from/against... 保护……免受……
eg. soldiers who died in defence of their country为保卫祖国而献身的战士
The area’s flood defences are under repair.该地区的防洪工事正在修理中。
练习：（1） The town walls were built as a defence 　　　　　enemy attacks.
（2）Two rescue workers came to his 　　　　　（defend）when the accident
happened.
（3） All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves 　　 　 　　the sudden attacks.
against　
defence
against/from
11.You will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
adj. surrounding
① The teacher _______________________________(被孩子们包围着)
② _____________ (surround) by lovely Children, the teacher wore a smile on her face.
was surrounded by lovely Children.
[Summary]
surround …with…. 以….包围….
be surrounded with/by …. 被….包围….
Surrounded
n. surroundings (复数) 环境
12 evidence n. 证据，证明
搭配：There is evidence that... 有证据表明……
give evidence （出庭）作证
clear/strong evidence 明显的 / 充分的证据
medical/scientific evidence 医学 / 科学证据
At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前我们还没发现在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
【词语积累】
evident adj. 清楚的；显然的
It is evident that... 很明显……
练习：
Enough 　　　　　（evident）shows that a balanced diet helps to avoid being overweight.
All the evidence 　　　　　（show）that increasing use of chemicals in farming 　　　　　（be）damaging our health.
evidence
shows
is
13.achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
achievable adj. 可达到的；可实现的
achieve vt. 实现；达到 vi.成功
achieve one’s success/goal/dream 取得成功/实现目标/实现梦想
make an achievement (in doing sth) (在某方面）取得成就
one’s achievement in... 某人在某方面的成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
It takes hard work (achieve) the final success.
China sent up six manned spaceships and they were also great scientific (achieve) in the world.
to achieve
achievements
14 location n. 地方；地点；位置
【词语积累】
（1）locate vt. 坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
locate Berlin on the map 在地图上找出柏林的位置
（2）located adj. 处于；位于；坐落在
be located in=be situated in=lie in位于
　　　　　（locate）where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
Mount Huang ______________________（位于）Anhui Province.
Located
is located in
15 battle n. & v.
（1）n. 战役；搏斗
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争 a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a...battle 打……的仗 win/lose a battle 打赢 / 输掉一场仗
accept the battle 应战
（2）vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
The mountain climbers had to battle against great difficulties.
登山队员不得不与艰难险阻搏斗。
They battled for freedom. 他们为自由而战。
battle against 与......战斗
battle for为......而战斗
例如：她曾经与癌症抗争。
She had battled against cancer.
16 keep your eyes open（for） 留心；留意
Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater.
留意一下一个戴着红色帽子、穿着红色毛衣的男孩。
keep短语：
keep it up 坚持干，继续苦干 keep up 保持；继续
keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系
keep back 阻止；隐瞒 keep away（from）避免接近（……）
keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做…… keep off 使……不接近
keep on 继续 keep fit保持健康 keep one's promise履行诺言
keep in touch with 和......保持联系
如果留意观察，你可以了解很多。
If you 　　　　　　　　　　　　，you can learn a great deal.
我知道这不容易，但要坚持下去！别放弃！
I know it’s hard，but 　　　　　　　　　　　　! Don’t give up!
我感觉他隐瞒着某件事。
I got the feeling he was 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
许多人跟不上技术的发展。
Many people cannot 　　　　　　　　　　　　the development of technology
keep it up
keep your eyes open
keeping something back
keep up with
01
free of charge　
17.charge vt.充电；收费，控告
n. 收费；指控；主管
免费
02
in charge of
03
take charge of
04
05
charge sb for sth
负责；主管(介词词组)
负责；主管(动词词组)
由…负责；主管
因…收某人的费用
in the charge of
06
charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
18. The manager announced at the meeting that Tom was fired.
announce Vt. 宣布；通知；声称
announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布......
announcement n. 通告；宣告
make an announcement 宣布
announcer n. 播音员
(1) It is wise to announce the news the public.
(2) The made an that all of the details should through the broadcast. (announce)
(3) It (announce) that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
to
announcer
announcement
be announced
is announced
19. approach （v.）接近（n.）接近
the approach of ......的来临
注意： the approach to doing sth
the way to do/of doing sth
the means of doing sth
the method of/for doing sth
做某事的方法
With the college entrance examination
(approach), some students are getting more and more nervous.
The typhoon (approach) to Hong Kong.
approaching
approaching
20. ensure vt.保证；确保；担保（=make sure）
单句语法填空
（1） I can’t 　　　　　（sure）that he will be there on time.
完成句子
（2） Please 　　　　　　　　　　（确保）all the windows are closed. The storm is approaching.
（3）The police’s duty is to　　　　　　　　　　（确保……的安全）citizens.
ensure
make sure
ensure the safety of
21 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
be generous to sb对某人慷慨
It is generous of sb to do sth某人做某事是大方的
generosity （n.）慷慨，大方
generously（adv.）慷慨地，大方地
反义词：mean 小气的
　　　　　 　　　　 　（你真慷慨）to share your food with me，Jack.
The volunteers are very generous 　　　　　the kids.
It is generous of you
to
22 position n. 位置；姿态；职位；处境，状况
in/out of position在/不在适当的位置上
put/place sb in a good position使某人处于有利的位置
注意：当 position，situation，point，case，stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用 where 引导。
They are now in a better position where they can be very successful this year.
他们现在处于一个较好的境况中，今年他们可能会很成功。
23.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
be eager for...急于得到……
be eager to do sth渴望做某事
eg: ①She is eager for money.
②She is eager to travel.
She was eager to learn (learn) more words.
24. have an influence/effect /impact on sb对某人有影响
翻译：计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。
The computer has a great influence/effect/impact on modern life.
=The computer influences/affects modern life greatly.
25. greet (n./v.)问候，迎接
greet with sb以......方式和某人问候
greeting (n.)问候，招呼
The changes were greeted with suspicion.
这些变革受到人们的质疑。
26. custom(n.)风俗，习惯
customs 海关，习惯
custom officers 海关官员
翻译：庆祝春节是我们的一个传统习俗。
The celebration of the Spring Festival in China is one of our traditional customs.
27. crowd n. & v.
（1）n. 人群；一群人；民众
搭配：a crowd of/crowds of 一群；许多
crowd into... 挤进……
crowd in（on sb. ）（想法、问题等）涌上（某人心头），涌入（某人脑海）
be crowded with 充满……，满是……
My father argued me out of going to the West Coast because it was crowded tourists.
In 　　　　　（crowd）places like airports and railway stations，you must take care of your luggage.
with
crowded
28. So what’s the difference between them, if any
所以如果有区别的话，区别是什么呢？
if any是if there is/are any at all的省略形式，起加强语气的作用。
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if not 如果不是的话 if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
Will you get a free evening next week , let’s have a dinner.
Is everybody feeling cold , let’s open the window.
, you can turn to me for help.
Please try to find out the differences between the two words. , speak it out.
If so
If not
If necessary
If any
THANKS