2023年河南省人教新目标(Go for it)版中考英语二轮专题复习：专项8 动词(含动词短语)（64张ppt）

(共64张PPT)
分析近10年河南中考真题可知，对动词的考查主要体现在完形填空和语篇填空中。2022年完形填空中有3处对动词进行了考查，其中1处考查了动词短语的用法。语篇填空中有2处对动词进行考查。
考点1　动词的分类与辨析
◆实义动词
实义动词是指有实际意思的词，它能够独立作谓语。根据其后能否接宾语可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，它后面必须接宾语才能使其意思完整。常见于以下三种结构：
(1)及物动词＋宾语
I like the film very much.我非常喜欢这部电影。
(2)及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
①We call him Bill．我们叫他比尔。
②I saw the children play in the park.我看到孩子们在公园里玩。
(3)及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
My mother gave me awatch yesterday.昨天我妈妈给了我一块手表。
(4)及物动词＋宾语＋不定式
My mother asked me to get up early.我妈妈要我早点起床。
(5)及物动词＋疑问代词/疑问副词＋不定式
I don't know how to learn English.我不知道怎么学习英语。
2．不及物动词
不及物动词本身意思完整，不能直接接宾语。若需要接宾语，其后必须加上相应的介词，构成短语。如：
(1)She always smiles．她总是微笑。
(2)She always smiles at me．她总是对我微笑。
(3)We should turn off the lights when we leave the room.我们离开房间时应该关灯。
◆系动词
系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须接表语，构成“系表结构”，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。如：
(1)We are students.我们是学生。
(2)The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
(3)It's getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。
通常将系动词分为以下几类：
类别 功能 示例
状态系动词 表示主语所处的状态 be
感官系动词 表示人体感官的系动词 look，sound，smell，
taste，feel
类别 功能 示例
表象系动词 表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态 seem，appear
变化系动词 表示从一种状态变化到另一种状态 become，get，turn, go，grow
持续系动词 表示主语持续或保持某种状态 keep，stay，remain
易错警示
1．因为系动词不能够支配宾语，所以系动词没有被动式，主系表结构的句型也没有被动结构。如：
他保持沉默。He is remained silent.×　He remains silent.√
2．系动词没有进行时。但表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的变化性系动词，以及系动词be在个别情况下可以有进行时。如：
The nights are getting shorter and shorter.夜晚越来越短。
◆助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词连用。助动词与后面的实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数，还可构成否定、疑问或强调等句型。常见的助动词有：
助动词 用法 示例
be(am, is, are， was, were) 构成进行时 He was sleeping when his father came back. 他父亲回来时他正在睡觉。
构成被动语态 He was warned not to go out. 他被警告不要出门。
助动词 用法 示例
do/does/did 构成疑问句和否定句 Do you come from China 你来自中国吗？
代替主要动词 She believes him and I do as well. 她相信他，我也相信他。
加强语气 I do want to go shopping. 我真的想去逛街。
构成否定祈使句 Don't smoke here.别在这里抽烟。
用于倒装句 Jackie likes Chinese Kungfu, so do I．杰克喜欢中国功夫，我也喜欢。
助动词 用法 示例
have/has/ had 构成完成时 I have been to Tokyo twice.我去过两次东京。
shall/will/ would 构成将来时 We would finish it on time.我们会准时完成的。
◆常见近义动词辨析
1．arrive，reach与get
2．borrow，lend，keep与return
3．bring，take，carry与get
4．buy，sell与sale
5．discover，create与invent
6．hear，listen与sound
7．lie与lay
8．provide，offer与give
9．raise与rise
10．receive与accept
11．separate与divide
12．spend，take，cost与pay
13．tell，speak，talk与say
注：详细辨析见各年级考点
从方框中选择适当的动词并用其正确形式填空。
touch　bring　realize　manage　accept
1．My aunt offered me a dictionary and I ___________ it happily.
2．Mr.Brown told his son not __________ the paintings in the museum.
accepted　
　to touch　
3．(2022 河南中考改编)She __________ that her father, as well as a husband, must be really worried.
4．Everything will be all right and we can ________.
5．It was really good to ________ a smile back to her father's face.
　realized　
　manage　
　bring 　
考点2　动词短语的分类与辨析
◆动词短语的分类
类别 短语
动词＋名词 make mistakes 犯错误；take place 发生；make a decision 做决定
动词＋介词 laugh at 嘲笑；point at 指着；worry about 担心；agree with 赞成
类别 短语
动词＋名词＋介词 pay attention to 注意；take care of 照顾；make use of 利用
动词＋副词 pick up 捡起，接某人；look out 当心；get off 下车；look up 查阅
动词＋副词＋介词 come up with 想出；get along with 与……和睦相处；stay away from 远离
◆动词短语辨析
1．同一动词加不同介词、副词或名词
(1)有关 put 的短语
put on 穿上，戴上；增加(体重)；发胖；上演
put off拖延；推迟
put away 把东西收起来；放好
put down 记下；放下
put up 举起；搭起；张贴
put out扑灭；熄灭
(2)有关turn的短语
turn up将(音量、煤气等)调大些；出现
turn…into 把……变成
turn right/left向右/左转
turn to sb.求助于某人
turn on打开；接通(电流、煤气、水等)
turn off关掉
turn down调小；拒绝
(3)有关 take 的短语
take off脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞
take away拿走；带走
take down记录；拆除；往下拽
take out取出
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做
take after (外貌或行为)像
take place发生；举行
take care of照顾；处理
take part in参加
(4)有关set的短语
set up 建起；设立
set off 出发，动身
set out 出发，启程
set free释放；解放
(5)有关look的短语
look out 当心，留神；从里向外看
look back at 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
look over检查
look at 看
look forward to 盼望；期待
look for 寻找；寻求
look after照料；照顾
look through 快速查看；浏览
look around环顾，四下察看
(6)有关come的短语
come up with 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)
come out出现；出版
come over顺便来访；过来
come along 出现；进展；跟随
come across (偶然)遇见
come on快点儿；加油
(7)有关give的短语
give up放弃
give in呈上，交上；屈服，让步
give away 赠送；捐赠
give out 分发；散发
give off发出，放出(光、热等)
(8)有关get的短语
get on 上车
get along with 与……和睦相处
get off 下车
get into 陷入；参与
get over 克服
get up 起床；站起
get to 到达
get away from 离开，脱身；摆脱(某人)
get through顺利通过(考试等)
(9)有关break的短语
break down出故障；损坏
break off 折断；突然终止
break out爆发；突然发生
break in闯入，强行进入
(10)有关keep的短语
keep off 回避某话题；使……不接近
keep…to oneself保守秘密
keep in touch保持联系
keep healthy 保持健康
keep out 留在外面
keep up with与某人保持联系；跟上
keep away from避免接近；远离
keep on继续
(11)有关 work 的短语
work on继续工作；从事
work out 解决；成功地发展
(12)有关cut的短语
cut down削减；砍倒
cut off切除
cut out删除；删去
cut up切碎
cut in打断(谈话)，插嘴
(13)有关 call 的短语
call for 来找(某人)；要求，需要
call (sb.) back (给某人)回电话
call out大声叫喊；派遣
call on拜访；号召
call up征召；打电话给(某人)
call in召来；叫来
(14)有关pick的短语
pick up 开车接人；接电话；拾起，捡起
pick out挑选；辨别出
(15)有关 show 的短语
show off 炫耀；卖弄
show up赶到；露面
(16)有关 knock 的短语
knock down 推倒；拆掉
knock off停止(某事)；撞倒
knock at/on敲(门)
(17)有关fall的短语
fall over摔倒
fall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌
fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着
fall in love with爱上；喜欢上
(18)有关 make 的短语
make mistakes 犯错
make a decision 做决定
make a living 谋生
make up 编造(故事、谎言等)；组成；构成
make an effort做出努力
make a difference 影响；有作用
make one's way 前往；费力地前进
make…feel at home使(某人)感到宾至如归
make a mess弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)
make (one's) bed整理床铺
make friends交朋友
(19)有关think的短语
think of认为
think about 思考；考虑
think over 认真考虑
think up想出
(20)有关have的短语
have a good time 玩得开心
have fun doing sth.做某事很开心
have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难
have a look看一看
have a rest 休息一下
have a cold 感冒
have a point 有道理
have to do with关于；与……有关系
have…in common有相同特征；(想法、兴趣等方面)相同
2．不同动词加同一介词或副词
(1)with短语
deal with 解决，处理
agree with 同意
keep up with赶上
come up with提出，想出
(2)off短语
get off 下车
take off 起飞，脱下
put off 推迟
turn off 关掉
send off 派遣，给……送行
break off突然停止
(3)at 短语
look at 看
shout at 对……大喊
laugh at 嘲笑
point at 指向
(4)on短语
turn on打开
try on 试穿
get on上车，进展
put on 穿上，上演，增加
(5)away 短语
take away 带走，拿走
put away 放好
move away搬走
get away离开，逃脱
(6)up短语
pick up 捡起，接(某人)
put up 举起，抬起
turn up 调大
look up 查阅，查找
cut up 切碎
give up 放弃
(7)about 短语
argue about 争论
care about 关心，在意
complain about 抱怨
dream about 梦想，梦到
hear about 听说
know/learn about 了解
speak about 提及，说到
talk about 谈论
think about考虑
worry about 担心
(8)back 短语
bring back 恢复，使想起，归还
come back 回来
go back 回去
pay back 偿还(借款等)
talk back 回嘴，顶嘴
call (sb.) back (给某人)回电话
(9)down 短语
calm down 平静/镇静下来
cut down砍倒，削减
fall down 倒塌，摔倒
lie down 躺下
write down 写下，记下
sit down 坐下
slow down 减速
turn down 调低，关小，拒绝
break down 停止运转，出故障
(10)out 短语
break out (战争，火灾等)突然发生，爆发
bring out 使显现，使表现出
carry out 执行，贯彻
clear out把……清除
come out 开花，出版
die out灭绝
find out 查明，发现
give out 分发
go out 出去
hand out 分发，发放
hang out 闲逛
leave out 遗漏，省去
look out 当心
point out指出
pick out选出，辨认出
run out 用光，用尽
sell out 卖完，售光
stand out 站出来，突出
take out 取出
turn out 结果是，证明是
work out 算出，解决
(11)over 短语
come over顺便来访
fall over 绊倒
get over克服
look over (仔细)检查
从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空。
look up　stay up　clean out　stand up
6．We should ___________ when we answer a question in class.
7．Please _________ the word in the dictionary.
8．Sam and his sister Lily were helping Mom ___________ the room.
　stand up 　
look up　
　clean out　
9．Students shouldn't _________ because they need enough sleep.
try on　fall over　borrow…from　reach for
look after　point out　decide to　turn down
10．She knew her dad would expect her to _____________ her sister.
11．Wang Yaping is called the mother who _____________ the stars.
12．One day, I ___________ my skateboard and broke my leg so badly.
　stay up　
　look after
　reached for　
　fell over　
13．—Michael, ________ this T-shirt.
—Oh, it looks nice on me!
14．Please ___________ the radio a bit.
15．Issar and her friend ____________ solve the problem using a fun method.
16．He thanked me for ______________ the mistakes in his homework.
17．He lent a pencil to his best friend.(改为同义句)
His best friend __________ a pencil ______ him.
try on
　turn down　
　decided to　
　pointing out　
　borrowed　
from