2023年中考英语语法选择练习（附答案）

2023年中考英语语法选择练习（附答案）
一、语法填空
阅读下面短文，根据首字母、音标、语境和所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
There was a government official named Yang Zhen during the
Eastern Han Dynasty. One day, Yang ran into his old workmate Wang Mi 　1． 　he was on a trip. Once Yang
noticed Wang's talent and promoted (提拔) him. Wang never forgot Yang and　2． 　 (invite) Yang to spend the
night with him.
It was near midnight. Wang knocked on the door of Yang's
bedroom. He gave Yang a bag of gold and said, "Thank you for your h 　3． 　 in the past."
"I thought you knew me　4． 　 (good)!
Do I look like a person who accepts bribes (贿赂) "Yang said　5． 　 (angry).
"No one will know if we keep　6． 　secret," said Wang.
"What do you mean no one will know Heaven knows,
Earth knows, you know and 　7． 　 know," Yang said.
Wang left the room in 　8． 　[ eim].
This story happened 2, 000 years ago. Bat the lesson is s　9． 　 important today. 　10． 　[prez d nt] Xi Jinping told government officials about this story
at an important meeting in 2017. As for students, we should be honest when we're
alone, too.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Charity Ride
Two nurses from the north of England are going to cycle from Land's End to John o' Groats 　11． 　 (raise) money for new hospital equipment. Joe Swain and Bella King are both nurses at Bradford Royal Infirmary in Yorkshire. The hospital 　12． 　 (bad) needs a new running machine for the physiotherapy department, and Joe and Bella have decided to collect the money 　13． 　 (they).
John o' Groats in Scotland is the 　14． 　 (far) north you can go on land in the UK. Land's End is on 　15． 　 southwest coast of England. Traditionally, the journey 　16． 　 these two places is the longest in the UK. By road, it is about 1, 400 km.
So how long will it take Joe and Bella to cover the 　17． 　 (area) from north to southwest " We are hoping to do it in ten days," says Joe, "but perhaps we will need two weeks."
The two nurses 　18． 　 (plan) the journey very carefully for a long time. They are going to do it in May 　19． 　 the weather will be warm (they hope!) but not hot. At the moment, they 　20． 　 (train) hard. "We cycle every day," says Bella, "and on weekends, we do a long ride—100 km or more. I'm getting very fit!"
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time, there was a family with 8 children living in a village. Two of the children, both boys, loved painting very much, 　21． 　 the family was so poor that it was impossible to send both of them to study at art school.
After many discussions, the two boys finally worked out a plan. They would toss(抛)a coin. The loser would go down into the mines and support his brother with his 　22． 　. Then, when the brother who won the toss finished his studies, in four years, he would pay the school fee for the other brother 　23． 　(study)at the college.
One of the brothers, Albrecht Durer, won the toss and his brother Jack went down the 　24． 　(danger)mines. Durer worked with all his heart and his paintings were much better than those of most of his 　25． 　(teacher). He was beginning to make a lot of money for his paintings.
Durer returned. When he told Jack he could go to art college, Jack said 　26． 　 (quiet), "The four years in the mines 　27． 　(do)too much to my hands. It is too late. Now I can't even hold a glass. "
To show his love to his brother, Durer drew his brother's hands 　28． 　 palms(手掌)together and thin fingers towards the sky. He called his drawing simply Hands, but the whole world almost quickly opened their hearts to the great work and renamed 　29． 　ThePrayingHands.
The next time you see a copy of that touching creation, take a 　30． 　(two)look. Let it be your reminder: No one can ever succeed alone!
二、语法选择
通读下面短文，在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
There was a woman in Detroit, who had two sons. She was worried 31． them, especially the younger one, Benm because he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class 32． jokes about him because he seemed so slow.
The mother decided that 33． herself would have to get her sons to do better in school. She told them 34． to the Detroit Public Library to read a book once a week and do a report about it for her.
One day, in Ben's class, the teacher held up a rock and asked 35． anyone knew it. Ben 36． his hand and the teacher let him speak. "Why did Ben raise his hand " They wondered. He never said anything. What could he possibly wan to say
Well Ben not only knew heck, by also said a lot about it. He named other rocks in is group and even knew where 37． teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were 38． . Ben had learned all this from one of his book reports.
Ben later went to the top of his class. When he finished high school, he went to Yale University and at last became one of 39． doctors in the United States.
After Ben grew up, he learned something about his mother 40． he did not know as a child. She, herself, had never learned how to read.
31．A．with B．for C．about D．at
32．A．make B．made C．will make D．are making
33．A．her B．she's C．hers D．she
34．A．go B．going C．to go D．went
35．A．because B．until C．so D．if
36．A．put on B．put of C．put up D．put down
37．A．the B．a C．an D．/
38．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprisedly
39．A．good B．better C．best D．the best
40．A．which B．what C．who D．that
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Every morning, Haze Mabry is seen busy cleaning up the teaching building. He 41． as a school keeper for thirteen years.
Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding rubbish to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways 42． handmade cards and singing Happy Birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some jumped out of line 43． him. The students handed him so many 44． that they filled several large boxes.
Mabry 45． by their warm greetings and thanked them all. "They're like my children," Mabry said.
He knows most of the kids at 46． school. Students sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to share 47． that happened to them at break.
"No matter what he's doing or where he is, he will always stop 48． to cheer up a child if that child is having a bad day. He's the most loved one in this building," said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.
Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone (里程碑) birthday, 49． he was happy the students prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend, he went through the boxes of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read, "Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine." He did feel the 50． of sunshine on the cold winter morning.
41．A．works B．is working C．worked D．has worked
42．A．in B．for C．with D．as
43．A．hug B．to hug C．push D．to push
44．A．cards B．card C．photos D．photo
45．A．touch B．is touched C．touched D．was touched
46．A．a B．an C．the D．/
47．A．something B．everything C．nothing D．anything
48．A．that is he doing B．that he is doing
C．what is he doing D．what he is doing
49．A．though B．before C．so D．or
50．A．cold B．coldness C．warmth D．warm
阅读下面一篇短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Colin walked out of the shopping center with his head down. There 51． many wonderful Mother's Day gifts there, but they were too expensive. Colin's older sister Whitney said, "You can make her some-thing. She liked 52． poem I wrote for her last year so much."
Colin knew that was hard. The poem hung right above the fireplace. But Colin wasn't good 53． writing poems. "It doesn't have to be a poem," Whitney said. "It could be anything that makes her think of you whenever she sees it. That's why homemade (自制的) 54． are special." "But I don't know 55． anything Mom would actually want," Colin said. "Yes, you do! You're always drawing those funny little comics (漫画). Why don't you draw a comic of Mom She would love it!" Colin thought about the idea the whole way home. He spent the next two days 56． in his room. Finally he finished it.
On the morning of Mother's Day, Colin gave it to Mom. He held his breath as his mom looked at it. "This is 57． gift you've ever given me, Colin," his mother said 58． . "I know just where to put it," his dad said with a smile. Then the comic 59． next to Whitney's poem above the fireplace. Colin looked up at the comic. 60． it was!
51．A．is B．are C．was D．were
52．A．a B．an C．the D．/
53．A．at B．of C．with D．for
54．A．gift B．gifts C．skill D．skills
55．A．how I can make B．how can I make
C．what I can make D．what can I make
56．A．draw B．to draw C．drawing D．drew
57．A．good B．the best C．bad D．the worst
58．A．safe B．safely C．excited D．excitedly
59．A．hang B．hangs C．was hung D．were hung
60．A．What a perfect gift B．What perfect gift
C．How a perfect gift D．How perfect gift
通读下面短文，掌握其大意, 然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Sunshine Old People's Home is a happy family for the elders. There 61． five
hundred old people. The nurses take care of them day and night. They try 62． best
to help the old people keep 63． and happy. However, the nurses are very
busy and tired. Would you like 64． them We need your help.
Are you free on the weekend Are you good 65． the
old people Can you play 66． guitar or dance Can you tell funny
stories If you are free in July and you want to spend time 67． care
of old people, please call us 68． 689-7729. You can read newspapers to the
lonely old people. You can play some musical instruments. You can dance 69． sing
for them. Or you can just take them for a walk in the sunshine. They will tell
you old stories and 70． friends with you. It is interesting and
meaningful!
61．A．is B．am C．are D．be
62．A．they B．their C．them D．theirs
63．A．health B．healthy C．healthily D．healthier
64．A．to help B．helps C．helping D．help
65．A．at B．for C．in D．with
66．A．a B．an C．/ D．the
67．A．take B．takes C．taking D．to take
68．A．to B．at C．by D．of
69．A．or B．but C．so D．unless
70．A．made B．makes C．make D．making
通读下面短文，掌握其大意,然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A group of boys stood around a tree. " 71． tall tree!" they said to each other. "It would be exciting to climb to the top!"
The group of boys then decided to play a game to see who 72． climb to the top of the tree first. Their mothers were sitting not far away, looking at their children as they played.
One of the climbers was 73． 8-year-old boy named David. He was 74． child in the group. Nobody thought he would win.
Then the game started. All of the boys tried their best to climb as 75． as they could. Though the other boys climbed faster than David 76． the beginning, he got to the top of the tree fastest in the end.
His mother was proud. She asked him, "David, 77． did you reach the top of the tree so quickly " "It was easy," David said. " 78． children kept looking down as they climbed. When they realized how high they were, they were afraid of falling down. I, however, looked only up. When I saw how close I was, I kept going higher and higher until I 79． the top. "
It is true in life that if we just keep going forward without 80． back, we are more likely to reach our goals.
71．A．What B．What a C．How D．What an
72．A．can B．could C．must D．need
73．A．a B．an C．the D．/
74．A．short B．shorter C．shortest D．the shortest
75．A．high B．height C．highly D．higher
76．A．in B．with C．on D．for
77．A．when B．how C．what D．who
78．A．Other B．The other C．Others D．Another
79．A．reach B．will reach C．reached D．has reached
80．A．look B．looking C．to look D．to looking
语法选择
Dragon Head-Raising Day is a traditional
Chinese festival. It comes on 81． second day of the second lunar month. In 2020,
it is 82． February 24th.
On the day in ancient times, people push
ashes(灰) into kitchens and around
water vats（缸). This was 83． the
dragon into the house. On this day people eat noodles, dumplings and fried
pancakes. All the day's foods are 84． after dragons. For example, people eat
"dragon whisker" noodles and "dragon teeth".
In some ancient Chinese stories, dragons have
power over the wind and rain. They use 85． power to bring rain to the world on the
Dragon Head-Raising Day. It is said that after that day there will be more and
more rain. This is 86． the day is also called "Spring Dragon
Day". It was hoped that 87． the help of the dragon, ploughing (耕种) would be easier and the autumn would bring a 88． harvest.
It was said that a haircut during the first
lunar month brought bad 89． to the uncles. However, 90． people
get their hair cut on Dragon Head-Raising Day, some lucky things may happen.
81．A．a B．an C．the D．/
82．A．at B．on C．in D．to
83．A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead
84．A．name B．names C．named D．naming
85．A．their B．theirs C．they D．them
86．A．how B．what C．why D．that
87．A．with B．without C．of D．for
88．A．easier B．easiest C．better D．best
89．A．lucky B．unlucky C．luck D．luckily
90．A．and B．so C．although D．if
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Last month, a new bridge was first opened to the public. It's 91． hanging bridge for walkers in the world. Guess how long 92． . It is 516 meters—over five football fields long.
Workers started to build the bridge in May, 2018. 93． cost $2. 8 million and took over two years to Complete. The bridge runs 94． two mountains. At its highest point, it is 175 meters off the ground. Far, far below is a big rushing river. Along the river, there is 95． eight-kilometer-long wooden walkway. People could enjoy the scenery (风景) and watch 96． there.
Now the city is hoping that the bridge 97． lots of tourists to the area. The website for the bridge describes the walk across the bridge as "the most exciting 510 meters of your life. "Many tourists, they believe will come 98． the fantastic experience of walking across.
Some people 99． to check out the bridge before the opening. Jerry was one of them. He said 100． , "I was a little afraid, but there is no other bridge like this one in the world, it was so worth it."
91．A．longer B．the
longer C．longest D．the longest
92．A．it is B．is it C．it was D．was it
93．A．It B．Its C．They D．Theirs
94．A．at B．under C．among D．between
95．A．/ B．a C．an D．the
96．A．bird B．birds C．bird's D．birds'
97．A．brought B．will bring C．is bringing D．was
bringing
98．A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．enjoying D．to
enjoy
99．A．are inviting B．are invited C．were
invited D．were inviting
100．A．excite B．excited C．excitedly D．excitement
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
A company in the United States once decided that it would offer lots of money to anyone who could find a white marigold（金盏花）. Most marigolds are either golden or brown. It is very hard to find a 101． one.
Twenty years later, the company received a 102． from an old woman. She sent 100 white marigold seeds (种子) along with the letter.
The woman was a fan of 103． . When she first heard the company's notice 20 years ago, she got very 104． . She thought she could grow her own white marigolds. But her children didn't believe her. She knew 105． about seed genetics (遗传学) after all. Her dream of growing white marigolds might be just a dream.
Still, she 106． to make it happen. She planted some common marigold seeds an 107． them. A year later, when the plants produced flowers, she chose one of the faintest (颜色淡) and took its seeds. She planted these seeds and waited another year for them to open. Year after year, her 108． changed. Her husband died, her children moved away, and many things happened. 109． , her dream to grow white marigolds stayed strong in her heart.
Finally, after 20 years, she went out to her 110． and found a marigold that was not just white—it was as white as the purest snow!
101．A．white B．golden C．brown
102．A．phone B．letter C．ticket
103．A．flowers B．trees C．grasses
104．A．surprised B．worried C．excited
105．A．something B．nothing C．everything
106．A．worked B．helped C．asked
107．A．made friends with B．kept away from C．took care of
108．A．taste B．life C．habit
109．A．So B．Also C．However
110．A．garden B．office C．company
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It was a beautiful
morning with a soft wind blowing. Jina the giraffe was walking on the grass. A
group of zebras ran 111． . Jina looked at them and thought, "Zebras
take such 112． leaps. How easily they run! Look at my 113． — it is so strange-looking.
Then she saw an
elephant by the lake. "The elephant takes water in her long nose and
sprays (喷洒) it everywhere. She has so
much fun. 114． I had a long nose, I would become happy like
her." Jina thought.
Just then a crow came
and sat on Jina's head. "Why are you so 115． "
Jina stood there with
a sad face and said, "They all look so good, but I am so 116． ."
"Jina, why do you think so You 117． your own strengths, don't you/' said the crow.
At that moment, a 118． came and said to Jina, "Jina, I need your
119． ! My kid has climbed up a tree. Will you
bring him down "
"Of course!"
Jina stretched her long neck up and 120． brought the young lion down from the tree.
"So much joy in
helping! Did you 121． helping
someone, Jina " asked the crow.
"It really feels
very nice. Now I have understood how 122． it
is to have legs like long sticks and a long neck. I shouldn't consider them as
my weaknesses. Instead I can 123． them into my strengths. "
"Yes, instead of
feeling sad by comparing 124． to others, you should make the most of what
you have and be happy. In this way, we can 125． a happy and meaningful lift." said the
crow.
Jina the giraffe
nodded and walked away with the crow happily.
111．A．after B．by C．in D．inside
112．A．clever B．stupid C．beautiful D．ugly
113．A．walk B．touch C．dance D．ride
114．A．Because B．Whether C．If D．Though
115．A．pleased B．angry C．amazed D．unhappy
116．A．excellent B．strange C．pretty D．narrow
117．A．have B．pick C．lose D．miss
118．A．crow B．giraffe C．zebra D．lion
119．A．help B．advice C．choice D．discussion
120．A．carelessly B．sadly C．heavily D．gently
121．A．suggest B．enjoy C．prevent D．refuse
122．A．useless B．awful C．valuable D．active
123．A．separate B．crash C．take D．change
124．A．yourself B．myself C．herself D．himself
125．A．remain B．live C．provide D．control
完形填空。阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Last August we were on vacation at Diana's Baths, a place famous for waterfalls.
Sitting on the rocks with my husband, I watched some parents 126． guarding their kids away from the rocks'edges. I felt glad that our 8-year-old son Wyatt could 127． himself. Don't get me wrong: I still felt 128． as I saw my boy jump between the rocks. "No running, "I said from time to time. "Stay away from the edges. "But I soon 129． , and we were all having fun in the water.
130． , I saw Wyatt sit down between two rocks in the running water, I shouted at him to get out, He shouted back something and then he 131． over the edge.
"Somebody help my son!" I 132． , over and over. But I only heard a woman scream, "That 133． just went over the waterfall!" she shouted at her husband: "We are leaving!" They walked away, not even looking back to see whether our child was OK.
By the time 134． climbed down to the rocks below. my husband had pulled Wyatt out of the water with the help of a young woman. She was 135． first said. "I'm Lisa, a nurse. I'm not leaving you. "She looked at me 136． , as if she were trying to take every bit of energy, 137． and strength(力量）in her body and pass it on to me. I held on to that energy like a rope that could
pull us to 138． Wyatt was taken to the hospital immediately. 139． we spent a sleepless night there, we were told Wyatt was going to be OK.
Meeting Lisa has reminded(提醒）me how we need 140． from people we don't know. I know we are two strangers who are less strange.
126．A．nervously B．carelessly C．excitedly D．hopefully
127．A．talk to B．cheer for C．leam from D．look after
128．A．lonely B．proud C．worried D．satisfied
129．A．left B．relaxed C．shared D．returned
130．A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Slowly D．Recently
131．A．looked B．came C．rose D．disappeared
132．A．suggested B．thought C．replied D．cricd
133．A．girl B．boy C．man D．woman
134．A．I B．she C．you D．they
135．A．teaching B．leaming C．giving D．receiving
136．A．secretly B．happily C．deeply D．strangely
137．A．success B．health C．value D．love
138．A．truth B．safety C．memory D．silence
139．A．If B．Unless C．After D．Before
140．A．help B．advice C．sense D．experience
完形填空
It was a music class and
the students were listening to the teacher carefully. When a new pupil 141． at the music class, all the children laughed
immediately.
"Be quiet, children.
Let's meet Mr Boo. I used to teach his children. Now Mr Boo no longer has to
work, and he wants to learn the flute(笛子)," the teacher told
the students.
"Can old people
really learn " asked the children 142． .
"It's never too late 143． ."
the teacher answered.
At first, the children
laughed at Mr Boo. 144． , Mr Boo was always the first to get to
the classroom. Soon the old man learned to play the flute better than 145． student in the class.
Six months went 146． .
There was a flute contest in the country. It 147． once a year. The prize for the winner was a
golden flute. All the pupils in the music class would take part in it.
"Is Mr Boo coming
too " the children asked.
"Of course, he's the
best pupil 148． I've ever taught," the teacher answered.
Then the big day came.
When Mr Boo walked onto the stage, everybody wondered 149． the old man was there.
"You're in the wrong
place, Grandpa—this is a contest for pupils!"
"And I'm also 150． pupil" the old man said proudly. Then Mr
Boo started playing. He did so well. In the end, he won the golden flute.
141．A．arrive B．arrives C．arrived D．was arriving
142．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprisingly
143．A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned
144．A．However B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore
145．A．other B．the other C．another D．any other
146．A．on B．by C．through D．off
147．A．held B．was held C．holds D．is held
148．A．who B．whom C．that D．which
149．A．what B．why C．how D．whether
150．A．а B．an C．the D．/
完形填空
When Maria was a high
school senior, she was on track. You know the one: Graduate on 151． time, spend four years at college, get a job.
"I just woke up one
morning feeling empty," Maria explains. "I didn't know 152． I wanted to do, or who I wanted to be. 153． at the very last moment, I decided not to go
to college." She signed herself up for a gap year program 154． included outdoor survival classes and service
learning, and headed off to India, at a time of civil war across the border in
Nepal.
The war created nearly a 155． orphans(孤儿). She says, "I was
really shocked 156． the way women and children were living. I had
never seen 157． like that."
She continued to travel
throughout the region, meeting kids and listening to 158． stories. Then she made up a life-changing
decision-to live in the Kopila Valley, asking her parents to send her the
$5,000 she saved up for years. The money went towards 159． land on which she built a children's home.
"I wanted to give
these kids a childhood similar to the one I had, 160． family and love," she explains. A couple
of years later, she opened a school. The school now has 340 students and a high
school 161． soon.
The next stage of Maria's
work A women's center. "A lot of women in my community were really having
terrible lives." Maria says. The center has become a source of light for
women. The girls and women 162． much through the school and the center.
There's now a program that
attracts volunteers, and the effect in Kopila is 163． just a beginning." When I was 16, I
didn't have any idea where life 164． take me." She says," Now I wake up
every day loving my work and thinking I have the 165． job in the universe."
151．A．a B．an C．the D．/
152．A．if B．how C．why D．what
153．A．So B．But C．When D．Because
154．A．who B．what C．which D．where
155．A．million B．millions C．millionth D．millions of
156．A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see
157．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything
158．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves
159．A．buy B．buys C．buying D．bought
160．A．of B．on C．with D．about
161．A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built
162．A．improves B．improved C．have improved D．were improving
163．A．true B．truth C．truly D．truthful
164．A．must B．should C．could D．had to
165．A．great B．greater C．much greater D．greatest
答 案
1．when；2．invited；3．help；4．well；5．angrily；6．it；7．I；8．shame；9．still；10．President
11．to raise；12．badly；13．themselves；14．farthest/furthest；15．the；16．.between；17．areas；18．have planned；19．when；20．are training
21．but；22．money；23．to study；24．dangerous；25．teachers'；26．quietly；27．has done；28．with；29．it；30．second
31．C；32．B；33．D；34．C；35．D；36．C；37．A；38．B；39．D；40．D
41．D；42．C；43．B；44．A；45．D；46．C；47．A；48．D；49．C；50．C
51．D；52．C；53．A；54．B；55．A；56．C；57．B；58．D；59．C；60．A
61．C；62．B；63．B；64．A；65．D；66．D；67．C；68．B；69．A；70．C
71．B；72．B；73．B；74．D；75．A；76．A；77．B；78．B；79．C；80．B
81．C；82．B；83．D；84．C；85．A；86．C；87．A；88．C；89．C；90．D
91．D；92．A；93．A；94．D；95．C；96．B；97．B；98．D；99．C；100．C
101．A；102．B；103．A；104．C；105．B；106．A；107．C；108．B；109．C；110．A
111．B；112．C；113．A；114．C；115．D；116．B；117．A；118．D；119．A；120．D；121．B；122．C；123．D；124．A；125．B
126．A；127．D；128．C；129．B；130．A；131．D；132．D；133．B；134．A；135．C；136．C；137．D；138．B；139．C；140．A
141．C；142．D；143．B；144．A；145．D；146．B；147．B；148．C；149．B；150．A
151．D；152．D；153．A；154．C；155．A；156．D；157．B；158．C；159．C；160．C；161．D；162．C；163．C；164．C；165．D