2023年河南省人教新目标(Go for it)版中考英语二轮专题复习：专项14 复合句(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
分析近10年河南中考真题可知，复合句中的定语从句是河南中考的必考点，且主要考查定语从句关系词的辨析。而状语从句的考查通常会与从属连词的考查相结合。对宾语从句的考查主要出现在完形填空题型中，且主要考查宾语从句的语序、时态和引导词。
考点1　宾语从句
宾语是一个句子的重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语之间由引导词来连接。宾语从句的三要素为：引导词、语序和时态。
◆宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
1．“He is an honest boy.” The teacher said.
→The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.老师说他是一个诚实的孩子。
2．Does he work hard？I wonder.
→I wonder if/whether he works hard.我想知道他工作是否努力。
3．When did he leave？I don't know.
→I don't know when he left.我不知道他什么时候走的。
◆宾语从句的时态
1．主句：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时
从句：视具体情况而定(需要性原则)
(1)I hear that she has written three letters to the headmaster.我听说她已经给校长写了3封信。
(2)Mr.Green says that the snow was very heavy last month.格林先生说上个月下了大雪。
2．主句：一般过去时、过去进行时
从句：与过去相关的某种时态(呼应性原则)
(1)Alice told me that she had forgotten what happened.爱丽丝告诉我她忘了发生了什么。
(2)Alice told me that she would join us.爱丽丝告诉我她会加入我们的。
3．主句：任意时态(特殊原则)
从句：一般现在时(说明客观真理、自然现象等)
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快得多。
◆宾语从句的引导词
引导词 用法 示例
that 本身无意义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，可省略 He says (that) he is listening to the weather report.他说他正在听天气预报。
if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不可省略 The old woman asked me if I knew the way to the hospital.这位老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。
引导词 用法 示例
连接代词： who， whom， whose， which等 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等 Tell me which book you like to read best of the three.告诉我这三本书中，你最喜欢读哪一本。
They haven't decided who will go there.他们还没有决定谁去那里。
引导词 用法 示例
连接副词：when，where， why，how等 在从句中充当状语 Could you tell me when the meeting will be hold？你能告诉我什么时候开会吗？
宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，ask，tell，show，decide等时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：
She doesn't remember what she should do next.＝She doesn't remember what to do next.她不记得接下来要干什么。
知识拓展
易错警示
宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等时，从句的否定词要前移。如：
I believe he is right.我相信他是对的。(变为否定句)
→I don't believe he is right.我相信他是不对的。
how long　where　why　when
1．—Do you know _____China set up the new national park
—Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.
2．—Could you tell me __________ the Changjiang River is
—It's about 6，300 kilometers long.
　why　
　how long　
3．—Could you tell me _______ the speech competition will be held
—Yes. In the language centre.
4．—Excuse me, do you know ______ the volunteers will come back
—Yes. Next Friday.
where　
　when　
考点2　定语从句
定语从句是指在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。
1．The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
(先行词) (关系代词)
住在我们家旁边的那个男人是警察。
2．I love my hometown whereI can enjoy beautiful scenery every day.
(先行词) (关系副词)
我爱我的家乡，在这里我每天都可以欣赏美丽的风景。
◆关系词的用法
关系词 先行词 所作成分 例句
关系代词 who 人 主语；宾语 Do you know the girl who wears a pink skirt？你认识那个穿粉红色裙子的女孩吗？
whom 人 宾语 I know the man whom you talked with.我认识和你聊天的那个人。
关系词 先行词 所作成分 例句
关系代词 whose 人、物 定语 The classroom whose door is broken will be repaired soon.那个门坏了的教室将很快被修好。
that 人、物 主语；宾语 I like the doll that my father bought for me as a birthday present.我喜欢我爸爸买给我作生日礼物的那个娃娃。
which 物 主语；宾语 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男生喜欢的一种运动。
关系词 先行词 所作成分 例句
关系副词 when 表时间 的名词 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met for the first time. 我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那天。
where 表地点的名词 地点 状语 I visited the hospital where I was born. 我去了我出生的那家医院。
why reason 原因 状语 Can you tell me the reason why you were late again 你能告诉我你又迟到的原因吗？
◆定语从句中学用that而不用which引导的五种特殊情况
1．当先行词是不定代词something，anything，everything等时。如：
I would do anything that can help you.只要能帮到你，我都会去做。
2．当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。如：
It is the worst movie that I have ever seen.这是我看过最烂的电影。
3．当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，all，any，every，few等修饰时。如：
This is the very watch (that) you want.这就是你想要的那块手表。
4．当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。如：
These movie stars and their movies that are being talked about are favored by the audience.这些正在被谈论的电影明星和他们的电影受到了观众的称赞。
5．当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Who is the boy that standing by the wall 站在墙边的那个男孩是谁？
◆先行词指物，只能用关系代词which的情况：
1．关系代词放在介词之后。如：
This is the place in which I grew up.这就是我长大的地方。
2．当that，those作主语时。如：
What's that which is one the desk？桌子上是什么？
知识拓展
在关系副词中，when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。如：
This is the city where (＝in which) I have lived for three years.这是我生活过三年的城市。
◆关系代词的省略
whom，which和that在从句中作宾语时通常可以省略，但关系代词which，whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时，不可省略。如：
The woman (that/whom) I talked with just now is our new English teacher.
The woman with whom I talked just now is our new English teacher.
刚刚和我聊天的女士是我们新的英语老师。
辨析异同
区分宾语从句和定语从句
that　who
5．Is this the school ______ you visited last Sunday
6．The writer and his novels ______ I told you about are popular.
7．The girl _________ is singing an English song in the next room is Tom's sister.
8．I like making friends with the people _____ understand me.
　that　
　that　
who
who
考点3　状语从句
状语从句由从属连词引导，在句中充当状语。根据其作用可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句等。
1．状语从句的分类和用法(详见语法专项六)
2．主句和从句时态一致
(1)主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主要用于时间、条件状语从句中。如：
If you are busy, I'll go there alone.如果你忙的话，我一个人去那里。
(2)主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。如：
You can go out to play if you finish your homework. 如果你完成作业就可以出去玩。
(3)since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：
We have known each other since 3 years ago.三年前我们就认识彼此了。
(4)过去时态：主句用一般过去时或过去进行时，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。如：
The door bell rang when I was sleeping.我正在睡觉的时候，门铃响了。
until　since　unless　after
9．I haven't heard from him _______ he went to America.
10．He won't be here ________ he is invited.
11．We found the books two days _______ he had gone away.
12．The teacher didn't leave _______ twelve o'clock.
　since　
　unless
　after　
until