2023年中考英语阅读理解解题策略指南（含解析）

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2023年中考阅读理解解题策略指南
在语篇基础上考查学生综合运用语言的能力，主要考查学生根据所提供的材料综合运用所学的语言知识，从中获取文字信息的能力。阅读理解题量大，分值越来越高。设题角度全面，以主观判断题为主。
解题方法和技巧
1.细节理解题
(1)题型特点:细节理解题在中考阅读中所占比较大，旨在考查考生对文章细节和具体事实的把控能力，可能是针对文中某个特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。此类题的主要设问方式有:
① Which of the following is right/TRUE/NOTTURE/isn't mentioned
② The following are all right EXCEPT .
③ Which of the following is the right order
④ What can we learn about..
⑤用What/Which/When/Where/Why/How等引导的特殊疑问句。
(2)解题技巧:解答此类题可采用略读、扫读、跳读等策略快速锁定相关句子，快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，抓关键词，按照出题人的思路，筛选出答案。
① 关键词定位法。读懂题干，通过题干信息确定关键词，利用信息定位，快速在文中找到符合题干内容的原句，提取答案。
② 同义转换法。根据题干中的关键词，在文章中寻找相关段落与句子时，要注意题干、选项可能存在和原文有同义/近义/反义词转换或词性，语态有所变化的情况。
2.词义猜测题
(1) 题型特点:词义猜测题旨在考查考生利用上下文以及已有知识，对词、词组以及句子的理解。
① What's the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.. in Chinese
② What does... most probably mean in Chinese
③ What does the word... refer to
④ What does the underlined sentence.. probably mean
(2)解题技巧:
① 根据上下文语境猜测词义.需要考生仔细阅读生词前后的语句,分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案。
② 通过定义、释义关系或举例猜测词义，定义、举例或解释常由 that is (to say),in other words, be called, be considered to be 等词汇或破折号、冒号等来表示，这些解释或举例提供的信息具有明确的针对性，可利用它们猜测词义。
③ 通过构词法猜测词义，考生要掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识来猜测词义。
④ 通过逻辑关系猜测词义，找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系(因果、转折、并列、对比等)，可以帮助猜测词义。
⑤ 在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词;同样有时为了说明相反的两件事或人，会使用一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉的词语的含义。
⑥ 利用基础的科普知识和生活常识，结合上下文来推测其含义。
3.推理判断题
(1)题型特点:推理判断题是细节题的延伸，旨在考查考生透过表面的文字信息，经过分析、综合、归纳深层次情节，对文章的内容及作者的思路、写作目的做出合乎逻辑的推断和判断。常见的设问方式有:
① What's the purpose of the passage
② What's the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
③ The purpose of this passage is to .
④ What is the writer trying to do in this passage
⑤ The writer wants to tell us that
⑥ What can we lean from the passage
⑦ From the passage, we can know .
⑧ The passage is a page from .
(2)解题技巧:
① 依据题干中的关键词在原文中定位，然后根据原文内容进行正确的推理和判断。
② 根据文章的结论推断作者的观点、态度和写作意图。在阅读文章时要重点理解首尾段，推断作者的观点。
③ 做推理判断题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断。
④ 根据文章的内容、体裁或结构来推断文章的出处。
4.主旨大意题
(1)题型特点:主旨大意题包括文章大意题、标题总结题和段落大意题，主要考查考生对文章主题思想和全文脉络梗概的掌握和理解情况，要求考生在阅读和理解全文或一段文字的基础上对整篇文章或部分段落进行分析、总结以推断主旨。解答此类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识，生活常识等进行推理和判断，从而获取文章中隐藏的信息。主要的设问方式有:
① What's the main idea of this passage/Paragraph 2
② What does the passage mainly tell us
③ What is the passage mainly about
④ What does the writer mainly tell us
⑤ What can we know learn from the whole passage
⑥ The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with .
⑦ What's the best title for the passage
⑧ Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
(2)解题技巧:
①留心关键词，关键词即文中反复出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词等实词或强调的信息。
②找准主题句，主题句是表示全文或段落中心思想的句子，它表明作者的观点、态度、目的等。
③选项中如果出现绝对化用词(never, any, all, impossible, none, most, primarily...)，或仅仅提到文章中的某一点或某一部分，这类选项作为文章的主旨大意会太过绝对或片面，通常不选。
典例讲解
例题1 (2020. 四川巴中)
A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated(犹豫) for a moment.she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.Looking at her scornfully(轻蔑地).he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur(毛皮) coat. with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After finding the rude assistant,she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was. the assistant was eager(热情的) to serve her this time. With great difficulty.he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it,the woman said she did not like it.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
I. Why did the assistant tell the woman that the dress was sold
A. Because he was so busy that he couldn't serve her.
B. Because he didn't want to sell it.
C. Because he thought she was too poor to buy it.
D. Because he didn't like her way of speaking
解析 细节理解题。根据“The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.Looking t her scornfully,”可知应该是服务员认为她太穷了买不起，答案C
2. When did the woman return to the shop
A. The next morning. B.The next afternoon. C. The next evening D.The next week.
解析 细节理解题。根据“She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat"可知是第二天上午，答案A
3. What did the woman think of the assistant at first
A. Friendly. B.Eager. C.Rude. D.Stupid
解折 细节理解题。根据“After finding the rude assistant...”可知,认为售货员很无礼。答案 C
4.What is NOT true according to the passage
A.The assistant was not eager to serve the woman on the first day.
B.The assistant realized who the woman Was at once the next day
C. The woman finally bought the dress she had first asked for.
D, The woman punished the assistant successfully.
解析 推理判断题。根据“Not realizing who she was. the assistant was cager to serve her this time.”可知服务员没有意识到炮是谁,这次很热情地为她服务，答案B
5. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. We shouldn't judge (辩断) a person from the appearance.
B, We can get others' trust only by wearing beautiful and expensive clothes.
C. We can't trust people without money
D. We must punish people who don't like us.
解析 主旨归纳题。通读全文可知,本文诉述了一位妇女因为穿的衣服不同,两次进商店买衣服受到售货员的不同待遇的事情,告诉我们不能以貌取人,答案A
例2(2022.天津)
People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work. But this is bad for a person's health. When people sit for too long every day,they don't move very much. So it is easy to start getting fa. Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep. When this happens,people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their panies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem
Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers, The first type of desk is the standing desk. The desk can be taller when a person wants to stand. It can also be shorter when the person wants to sit. Another type of desk is the walking desk. This desk is made so that a person can work while walking at the same time.
Workers in the companies like the different types of desks very much They think these desks are quite useful.
I. When people in the office work, they usually .
A.sit B.move C.run D.sing
2. What does the word "fix” mean in Paragraph 1
A. Cause. B.Solve. C. Bring D. Discuss.
3. How many types of desks are mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.2 B.3. C.4. D.5.
4. What do the workers think of the different types of desks
A. They are cheap. B. They are traditional. C. They are useful. D.They are expensive.
5. The purpose of the passage is to .
A. tell us the reasons for sitting
B. show the advantages of standing
C. introduce desks that help people work better
D.compare companies that provide different jobs
[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文，介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工。
l. A [解析]：细节理解题。根据“People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work”可知，办公室里的人通常在工作的时候大部分时间都坐着。
2. B [解析]：词义猜测题。根据“Companies need workers to be healthy.so how do their fix the problem ”可知，公司需要解决问题，此处fix的意思是“解决”。
3. A [解析]：细节理解题。根据“The first type...Another type of desk”可知，提到了两种类型的办公桌。
4. C [解析]：细节理解题。根据“They think these desks are quite useful.”可知，员工们认为这些办公桌很有用。
5. C [解析]：主旨大意题。根据"Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers.”可知，本文介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工。
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