上海市名校2022-2023学年高三下学期开学考英语试题（含解析）
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上海市名校2022-2023学年高三下学期开学考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rational People Think at the Margin
Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involve shades of gray. At dinner time, the decision you face is not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of mashed potatoes. _____1_____ exams roll around, your decision is not between blowing them off and studying 24 hours a day, but whether to spend an extra hour reviewing your notes _____2_____ watching TV. Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an _____3_____ (exist) plan of action.
In many situations, people make the best decisions by thinking at the margin. Margin means “edge,” so marginal changes are adjustments around the edges of _____4_____ you are doing. Suppose, for instance, that you ask a friend for advice about how many years to stay in school. If he compares for you the lifestyle of a person with a Ph. D．to _____5_____ of a grade school dropout, you might complain that this comparison is not helpful for your decision. You have some education already and most likely _____6_____ (decide) whether to spend an extra year or two in school. _____7_____ (make) this decision, you need to know the additional benefits that an extra year in school would offer (higher salaries throughout life and the sheer joy of learning), _____8_____ (combine) with the additional costs that you would pay (tuition and the forgone salaries while you are in school). By comparing these marginal benefits and marginal costs, you can evaluate whether the extra year is worthwhile and make the best decision _____9_____ is in your interest.
As _____10_____ (show) in this example, individuals and firms can make better decisions by thinking at the margin. A rational decision - maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．maximize B．subsequent C．potential D．personalize E. misrepresentedF. limited G. marketing H. predictive I. commercial J. speed K. absence
No child or young athlete should be subjected to genetic testing to find sporting talent or improve performance, conclude the experts in a statement published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. The scientific evidence on the effectiveness of these ___11___ tests is simply far too weak to back their use, says the experts in the fields of genomics, exercise, sports performance, etc. While the science of genomics has advanced rapidly over the past decade, the ability to interpret the meaning of genetic test results is still at a relatively early stage.
But that has not stopped the growth of the “direct to consumer” genetic tests, which claim to be able to spot children’s athletic talents or tailor training to ___12___ performance. This fast - growing market has caused fears that the still limited level of knowledge on the genetics of sports performance is being ___13___ for commercial gain.
To inform the statement, the panel looked at the availability of DIY genetic tests. It found 39 companies ___14___ tests associated with sport or exercise performance or injury - almost twice as many as in 2018.
The claims included: “___15___ your training based on your sports genetics,” “Give parents and coaches early information on their child’s genetic ___16___ for success for sports,” and “We use your DNA results to help you lose fat, build muscle, get fitter.”
But the ___17___ of any good scientific data to guide selection of which variants to test weakens the value of multiple testing. Besides, while there is some evidence to suggest a link with enhanced physical performance, it is very weak, making the ___18___ value of these tests “actually zero,” says the statement.
The statement emphasizes the ___19___ of change in gene sequencing technology has got much faster than regulation. And it points out the importance of counselling before any genetic test is taken.
“While further evidence will undoubtedly emerge around the genetics of sport performance in the future, the data are currently very ____20____. Therefore, in this stage of limited knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents,” it concludes.
三、完形填空
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to ___21___ people’s impression of us. Our appearance ___22___ particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, ___23___ the person’s education, background, or interests.
People tend to ___24___ what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the ___25___ of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and ___26___ when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the ___27___ they must wear to play these roles successfully. ___28___, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you ___29___ a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had ____30____ dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world ____31____ the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” (女性气质的) attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more ____32____ than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more ____33____ for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair, ____34____ use of make - up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t ____35____ the job.” We need a change in this regard.
21．A．add to B．deal with C．set aside D．focus on
22．A．assumes B．appreciates C．minimizes D．assesses
23．A．in terms of B．because of C．instead of D．regardless of
24．A．agree on B．count on C．negotiate about D．hesitate about
25．A．specialties B．accomplishments C．characters D．lifestyles
26．A．comfortable B．competent C．sacred D．outgoing
27．A．uniforms B．costumes C．gloves D．pajamas
28．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
29．A．imitated B．resisted C．evaluated D．anticipated
30．A．long - lasting B．good - looking C．light - hearted D．well - defined
31．A．are uncertain about B．are distracted from C．are keen on D．are ashamed of
32．A．consistent B．fashionable C．diversified D．innovated
33．A．critically B．casually C．favourably D．honestly
34．A．frequent B．concrete C．moderate D．heavy
35．A．get B．spare C．survive D．maintain
四、阅读理解
Dear Kind - Trustee - Who - Sends - Orphans - to - College,
Here I am! I travelled yesterday for four hours in a train. It’s a funny sensation, isn’t it! I never rode in one before.
College is the biggest, most bewildering place — I get lost whenever I leave my room. I will write you a description later when I’m feeling less muddled; also I will tell you about my lessons. Class don’t begin until Monday morning, and this is Saturday night. But I wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted (认识).
It seems weird to be writing letters to somebody you don’t know. It seems weird for me to be writing letters at all - I’ve never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind. Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be Very Respectful.
But how can one be very respectful to a person who wishes to be called John Smith Why couldn’t you have picked out a name with a little personality I might as well write letters to Dear Hitching - Post or Dear Clothes - Prop.
I have been thinking about you a great deal this simmer; having somebody take an interest in me after all these years makes me feel as though I had found a sort of family. It seems as though I belonged to somebody now, and it’s a very comfortable sensation. I must say, however, that when I think about you, my imagination has very little to work upon. There are just three things that I know: I. You are tall. II. You are rich. Ⅲ. You hate girls.
I suppose I might call you Dear Mr. Girl - Hater. Only that’s rather insulting to me. Or Dear Mr. Rich - Man, but that’s insulting to you, as though money were the only important thing about you. Besides, being rich is such a very external quality. Maybe you won’t stay rich all your life! So I’ve decided to call you Dear Daddy - Long - Legs. I hope you won’t mind. It’s just a private pet name we won’t tell Mrs. Lippett.
The ten o’clock bell is going to ring in two minutes. Our day is divided into sections by beels. We eat and sleep and study by bells. It’s very enlivening; I feel like a fire horse all of the time. There is goes! Lights out. Good night.
Observe with what precision I obey rules — due to my training the John Grier Home.
Yours most respectfully,
Jerusha Abbott
To Mr. Daddy - Long - Legs Smith
36．The word “muddled” is closest in meaning to “_________”.
A．depressed B．familiar
C．confused D．distressed
37．What can we infer from the third paragraph of the letter
A．Letter writing skills were essential in Jerusha’s society.
B．Jerusha was reluctant to write a letter to a stranger.
C．The letters written by Jerusha were always well organized.
D．Mr. Daddy - Long - Legs Smith was the one Jerusha respected.
38．Jerusha decided to call the trustee Dear - Long - Legs in order to ________.
A．show her sincere respect for him B．make them feel closer to each other
C．represent one of his internal qualities D．leave a deep impression on him
39．How did Jerusha feel about the upcoming college life
A．indifferent B．anxious
C．expectant D．hopeless
HEALTH TODAY hosted by Health Promotion Board
GET ON YOUR FEET AND FEEL THE B．E. A．TBattle to Eliminate Atherothrombosis (BEAT) Campaign Roadshow * Health screenings, educational talks, cooking and exercise demonstrations. * Fun-filled games and prizes for the entire family. Learn more about atherothrombosis - a disease leading to heart attacks and stroke and also a leading causes of death in the nation. Take part in the B．E. A．T challenge, a fun - filled, four-hour hunt around town in which you will be looking for clues to complete various tasks at different pit - stops. Date: 8th and 9th July Time: 11 a. m. to 6 p. m. Venue: Atrium@Orchard (Dhoby Ghaut MRT station) Registration Fee: Free (Closing date to sign up for the B．E. A．T Challenge is before 5th July. Register at www. ) Participants for the B．E. A．T Challenge to arrive 1/2 hr before event begins.
DEALING WITH CONSTIPATIONHave a problem with constipation Let our experts identify your problems and explain different types of constipation, tests and treatments to you. Date: Fortnightly Time: l p. m. to 2 p. m. Venue: National University Hospital, Health Education Hub, Level I Registration Fee: Free BE IN CONTROLLose weight effectively and safely! Tips from renowned American nutritionist, Dr. Jeffrey Hathaway, a professor at National University Hospital. He will give a talk at the Jurong Regional Library. Date: 1st and 2nd July Time: 2p. m. to 4: 40 p. m. Registration Fee: $ 15 per adult (Redeemable for products at selected Health Pharm outlets)
Prizes Sponsored by Pfizer, dedicated to the quest for longer, healthier, happier lives. In conjunction with National Healthy Lifestyle Programme.
40．The event is organized by _________.
A．Health Promotion Board B．Jurong Regional Library
C．Health Education Hub Hub D．National University Hospital
41．The last day for the participant to sign up for the B．E. A．T Challenge event is on _________.
A．1st of July B．4th of July
C．5th of July D．8th of July
42．Which of the following statement is TRUE
A．Two events offer tests to assess participants’ health.
B．Participants of the B．E. A．T Challenge have to report by 10: 30.
C．Dr. Jeffrey Hathaway is a professor at Jurong Regional Library.
D．Fifteen dollars’ worth of products can be redeemed at all Health Pharm outlets.
Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.
While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram.
Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be
While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.
Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.
43．The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________.
A．are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps
B．address the Instagram - induced mental pain
C．are only based on the data released by Facebook
D．are not directed at the fundamental problem
44．Netflix is mentioned to __________.
A．compare the criticisms against it and Facebook
B．defend why Facebook is to blame
C．suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point
D．show Netflix does more harm to teens
45．The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________.
A．it is human nature to get addicted to social media
B．users decide on their experiences on social media
C．people have a tendency to feel insecure online
D．people are keen on fabricating their self - profile
46．What is the passage mainly about
A．the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook
B．the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide
C．the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains
D．the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers
五、六选四
Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers. _____47_____.
The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history. _____48_____. Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $ 100 million.
The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University. _____49_____. He says, arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with one’s Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials — a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals — finds that most value experiences: 57% of them said they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home.
_____50_____. As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and products make up a large part of fans’ expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are keen to connect to the artist and,” he says.
On the other hand, for artists, appearing at music festivals is an easier way to make money than depending on record sales or long tours. As record sales saw a sharp decline in the early-to-mid-2000s thanks to the growth of digital music, artists began depending on touring to earn money.
A．Music itself has changed as well, making festivals a bigger attraction for listeners.
B．Streaming pop stars’ performance makes music even more popular.
C．And alongside their rise in popularity, hundreds of smaller festivals have flourished.
D．People are more likely now to spend money on experiences over material goods.
E．Festivals have since grown into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships.
F．The first musical festival was said to be held in Coachella.
六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Click to download teacher
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison announced in 1913: they would, he believed, soon be replaced by silent films. Each new wave of information technology - radio, television, computers - has led to similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools - especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub - Saharan African countries, half of nine - year - olds cannot read a simple word and three - quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers prompts about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Technology is no cure - all. Good traditional teachers are not outdated, and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英（整句）
52．建议家长们尽量多花点时间陪伴孩子。 (company)(汉译英)
53．看到千姿百态的剪纸作品，我情不自禁地赞叹中国文化博大精深。(The moment) (汉译英)
54．对于语言学习者来说，没有比能驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握的大量词汇更有成就感的事了。(there be) (汉译英)
55．接到比赛通知以来，这位网坛新秀全心全意投入高强度的训练，并将抗压能力视为重中之重，一心希望为国争光。(inform) (汉译英)
八、建议信
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 你是中学生李明，你所居住的小区(如图)有块常年闲置的空地;最近小区居委会(the residents’ committee)向大家征集开发改造这片空地的建议，请给居委会主任写封信，你的信中必须包括：
1. 你对空地的开发改造的具体建议；
2. 你的理由
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第12页，共12页
试卷第1页，共12页
参考答案：
1．When 2．instead of##rather than 3．existing 4．what 5．that 6．are deciding 7．To make 8．combined 9．that 10．is shown##shown
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了边际思维在我们生活中的重要性、运用及好处。
1．考查状语从句连词。句意：当考试来临的时候，你要做的决定不是放弃考试还是24小时学习，而是是否多花一个小时复习笔记而不是看电视。分析句子可知，空处缺少从属连词，引导状语从句，结合句意，表示“当考试来临时”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。
2．考查短语。句意：当考试来临的时候，你要做的决定不是放弃考试还是24小时学习，而是是否多花一个小时复习笔记而不是看电视。根据reviewing your notes及watching TV可知，空前空后为并列结构，且表示“而不是”，可以填写instead of或者rather than。故填instead of/rather than。
3．考查形容词。句意：经济学家使用术语“边际变化”来描述对现有行动计划的微小调整。分析句子可知，空处缺少定语修饰plan，表示“现存的”，用对应的形容词existing。故填existing。
4．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：边际是“边缘”的意思，所以边际变化是围绕你所做事情的边缘进行的调整。分析句子可知，of为介词，其后句子是宾语从句，从句部分缺少doing的宾语，用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
5．考查代词。句意：如果他帮你比较一个有博士学位的人的生活方式和一个小学辍学的人的生活方式，你可能会抱怨这种比较对你的决定没有帮助。根据句意可知，比较的是博士和小学辍学人的生活方式，在同一个句子中进行比较，用that/those指代句子的主语，lifestyle为单数，用that。故填that。
6．考查动词时态。句意：你已经接受了一些教育，很可能正在决定是否在学校多读一两年。根据You have some education already可知，语境表示正在决定是否继续读书，用现在进行时be doing，主语为you，be动词用are。故填are deciding。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了做出这个决定，你需要知道多上一年学能带来的额外好处（一生中更高的薪水和纯粹的学习乐趣），以及你要支付的额外成本（学费和在校期间放弃的工资）。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，用动词不定式to make表示目的。故填To make。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了做出这个决定，你需要知道多上一年学能带来的额外好处（一生中更高的薪水和纯粹的学习乐趣），以及你要支付的额外成本（学费和在校期间放弃的工资）。分析本句可知，空处要用非谓语动词，结合with，空处表示“与……结合”，用过去分词。故填combined。
9．考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过比较这些边际收益和边际成本，你可以评估额外一年是否值得，并做出符合你利益的最佳决定。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系代词引导定语从句，先行词为decision，由the best修饰，此处用关系代词that引导从句，作主语。故填that。
10．考查动词时态和语态及省略。句意：正如这个例子所示，个人和公司可以通过考虑边际来做出更好的决策。As引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少谓语，表示“被展示”，用一般现在时的被动语态，as is shown意思为：正如所示，此处is可以省略。故填is shown/shown。
11．I 12．A 13．E 14．G 15．D 16．C 17．K 18．H 19．J 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了专家们在《英国运动医学杂志》上发表的一份声明中得出结论，任何儿童或年轻运动员都不应该为了寻找运动天赋或提高成绩而进行基因检测。
11．考查形容词。句意：基因组学、运动、运动表现等领域的专家说，关于这些商业测试有效性的科学证据太薄弱，无法支持它们的使用。分析句子可知，空后tests为名词，空前these为指示代词，空格处应为形容词形式，commercial“商业的”为形容词，修饰名词tests。符合句意。故选I项。
12．考查动词。句意：但这并没有阻止“直接面向消费者”的基因测试的发展，这些测试声称能够发现儿童的运动天赋，或调整训练以使表现最大化。分析句子可知，空后performance为名词，空前to为不定式结构，空格处应为动词原形，performance作该谓语动词的宾语成分，maximize“使最大化”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。
13．考查动词。句意：这一快速增长的市场引发了人们的担忧，即人们对体育成绩遗传学方面的知识水平仍然有限，但为了商业利益而被歪曲了。分析句子可知，该空格处应为is being done结构，为现在进行时的被动语态结构，空格处应为过去分词形式，misrepresented“歪曲，不如实地叙述”为动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选E项。
14．考查名词。句意：研究发现，39家公司的营销测试与运动或运动表现或受伤有关，几乎是2018年的两倍。分析句子可知，空后tests为名词，该空格处应为名词或形容词形式作定语修饰该名词，marketing“营销”为名词作定语修饰tests，构成marketing tests“营销测试”，符合句意。故选G项。
15．考查动词。句意：根据你的运动基因来个性化你的训练。分析句子可知，空后your training为名词短语，空格处应为谓语动词，构成谓宾结构，personalize“使个性化”为动词，符合句意。故选D项。
16．考查名词。句意：给父母和教练提供关于他们孩子在运动上取得成功的遗传潜力的早期信息。分析句子可知，空前genetic为形容词，空格处应为名词形式，被该形容词所修饰，potential“潜力”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。
17．考查名词。句意：但是，缺乏任何良好的科学数据来指导选择哪些变体进行测试，削弱了多重测试的价值。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，该空格处应为名词形式，absence“缺乏”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。
18．考查形容词。句意：此外，声明称，虽然有一些证据表明运动与增强的身体表现有关，但证据非常微弱，使得这些测试的预测价值“实际上为零”。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，空后value为名词，该空格处应为形容词形式，修饰该名词value，predictive“预言性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。
19．考查名词。句意：该声明强调，基因测序技术的变化速度远远快于监管。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，该空格处应为名词形式，speed“速度”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
20．考查形容词。句意：虽然未来毫无疑问会出现更多关于体育表现基因的证据，但目前的数据非常有限。分析句子可知，空前为系动词are和副词very，该空格处应为形容词形式，构成主系表结构，此外该形容词被副词very所修饰，limited“有限的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．C 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了服装对于印象的影响及我们如何通过服装来处理在人际关系中的印象。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：既然衣服是社会信息的重要来源，我们可以用它来处理人们对我们的印象。A. add to加到；B. deal with处理；C. set aside留置；D. focus on集中于。根据上文“They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.”可知，衣服能告诉别人我们的各个方面的信息，所以，我们可以利用服装来处理别人对我们的印象。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的外表在可能互动的最初阶段呈现特殊的意义。A. assumes呈现；B. appreciates欣赏；C. minimizes最小化；D. assesses评估。根据“particular significance in the original phases of interaction”可知，我们的外表在互动的最初阶段呈现特殊的意义。故选A项。
23．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人或女人可能会被一个穿着与众不同的年轻人疏远，而不管这个人的教育、背景或兴趣如何。A. in terms of就……而言；B. because of因为；C. instead of而不是；D. regardless of不管、不顾。根据“An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner”可知，不管两个人的教育、背景或兴趣，穿着不一致的人很少能在一开始产生共鸣。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致。A. agree on在……意见上取得一致；B. count on依靠；C. negotiate about协商关于……；D. hesitate about对……犹豫。根据下文提到的“青春期女孩”和“新闻播报员”的着装例子可知，人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致。故选A项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：青春期的女孩很容易就女孩穿某些衣服的生活方式达成一致，包括她们可能有过几个男朋友，是否开车或喝酒。A. specialties专长；B. accomplishments成就；C. characters特性；D. lifestyles生活方式。根据“who wear certain outfits”及“including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink”可知，这里描述的是这些女孩的生活方式。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新闻播音员或在电视上播报新闻的播音员在穿着保守时被认为更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力。A. comfortable舒适的；B. competent能胜任的；C. sacred神圣的；D. outgoing外向的。根据“be more convincing, honest”可知，新闻播报员在穿着保守时被认为更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力胜任。故选B项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些认为自己在人际关系中扮演积极角色的大学生表示，他们很在意成功扮演这些角色所必须穿的服装。A. uniforms制服；B. costumes（角色）服装；C. gloves手套；D. pajamas睡衣。根据“to play these roles successfully”可知，表示扮演角色要穿的服装，要用costumes。故选B项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们中的许多人都能举出这样的例子：我们所穿的衣服改变了我们对自己的看法和行为方式。A. Moreover此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据“many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted”并结合前文可知，此处表示进一步说明本段观点，用Moreover。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许你曾在预期一个有压力的情况时，比如工作面试或出庭时，用服装来获得自信。A. imitated模仿；B. resisted抵制；C. evaluated评估；D. anticipated预期。根据“such as a job interview, or a court appearance”可知，当预期一个有压力的情况时，我们可以通过服装来增强信心。故选D项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，男性长期以来都有明确的着装要求和成功的榜样。A. long-lasting持久的；B. good-looking好看的；C. light-hearted轻松的；D. well-defined定义明确的。根据“dress code and role models”可知，工作场所，男性有着明确的着装要求。故选D项。
31．考查短语词义辨析。句意：在商界，很多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装来传达“男性化”和“女性化”的恰当组合。A. are uncertain about对……不确定；B. are distracted from分心于；C. are keen on对……热衷；D. are ashamed of对……羞愧。根据“It had been otherwise for women.”可知，对于女性而言，和男性相反，她们不确定她们应该通过职业装来传达“男性化”和“女性化”的恰当组合。故选A项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女性服装替代品的种类也比男性更加多样化。A. consistent一贯的；B. fashionable时尚的；C. diversified多样化的；D. innovated创新的。根据“The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more ___12___ than that available for men.”可知，女性的服装替代品种类更多。故选C项。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当女性表现出较少的“女性化”打扮——短发、适度化妆和朴素的服装，男性管理者倾向于在管理职位上更有利地评价女性。A. critically关键地；B. casually随意地；C. favourably有利地；D. honestly诚实地。根据“when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair”并结合常识可知，较少的女性化打扮，能在职场上更为有利，更受欢迎。故选C项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：句意：当女性表现出较少的“女性化”打扮——短发、适度化妆和朴素的服装，男性管理者倾向于在管理职位上更有利地评价女性。A. frequent频繁的；B. concrete具体的；C. moderate适度的；D. heavy重的。根据“less “feminine” grooming”可知，职场女性需要适度化妆。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如一位男性管理人员承认的那样：“有魅力的女性肯定会得到更长的面试时间，但她不会得到这份工作。”A. get得到；B. spare留出；C. survive幸存；D. maintain维持。根据“An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview”及“but”可知，有魅力的女性有较长的面试时间，但是，她不会得到这份工作。故选A项。
36．C 37．D 38．B 39．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个受赞助上大学的女孩子给自己的赞助者写的一封信。告诉对方自己刚到学校，但对学校还不熟悉。写信的人主旨是想表达自己对赞助人的感谢，并表达了自己对现在有规律的生活感觉很好。
36．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“College is the biggest, most bewildering place — I get lost whenever I leave my room.”（大学是最大、最令人困惑的地方——我一离开房间就迷路了。）提到大学校园让人感到困惑。结合划线词下文“I will write you a description later…also I will tell you about my lessons.”（我会给你写一份描述；我也会告诉你我的功课。）可猜测划线单词muddled为“糊涂，困惑”的意思，即当作者不再那么困惑时，她会给资助者描述一下大学和大学生活。结合选项C项confused“困惑的”意思一致。故选C项。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段“It seems weird to be writing letters to somebody you don’t know. It seems weird for me to be writing letters at all - I’ve never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind. Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be Very Respectful.”（给一个你不认识的人写信似乎很奇怪。对我来说，写信似乎很奇怪——我一生中从来没有写过三到四封信，所以如果这些不是典型的信件，请忽略它。昨天早上出发前，我和李皮太太进行了一次非常严肃的谈话。她告诉我以后的生活该如何表现，尤其是如何对待那位为我做了这么多的好心的先生。我一定要表现得非常恭敬。）可知，从这封信的第三段我们可以推断出长腿叔叔是Jerusha尊敬的人。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“It’s just a private pet name we won’t tell Mrs. Lippett.”（这只是个私人昵称，我们不会告诉李皮太太的。）可知，“Dear - Long - Legs”是一个昵称。由此推知，Jerusha私下里这样称呼，是为了拉近彼此的距离。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Here I am! I travelled yesterday for four hours in a train. It’s a funny sensation, isn’t it! I never rode in one before.”（我来了！我昨天乘火车旅行了四个小时。这是一种有趣的感觉，不是吗？我以前从没坐过。）和倒数第二段中“The ten o’clock bell is going to ring in two minutes. Our day is divided into sections by beels. We eat and sleep and study by bells. It’s very enlivening; I feel like a fire horse all of the time.”（再过两分钟，十点的铃就要响了。我们的一天被分成了几个部分。我们吃饭、睡觉、学习都要听铃声。这很有活力；我总觉得自己像匹火马。）可推知，Jerusha对即将到来的大学生活是期待的。故选C项。
40．A 41．B 42．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了B.E.A.T挑战赛的情况，包括参加时间、报名日期等。
40．细节理解题。根据标题“HEALTH TODAY hosted by Health Promotion Board(健康促进委员会主办的《今日健康》)”可知，活动由健康促进委员会组织，故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据第一栏中“Registration Fee: Free (Closing date to sign up for the B. E. A. T Challenge is before 5th July. Register at www. )(注册费：免费（B.E.A.T挑战赛报名截止日期为7月5日之前。请在www.注册）)”可知，参与者报名参加B.E.A.T挑战赛的最后一天是7月4日。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据第一栏中“Time: 11 a. m. to 6 p. m.(时间：上午11点至下午6点)”以及“Participants for the B. E. A. T Challenge to arrive 1/2 hr before event begins.(B.E.A.T挑战赛的参与者应在活动开始前1/2小时到达)”可知，B选项“B.E.A.T挑战赛的参与者必须在10:30之前报到”正确。故选B。
43．D 44．C 45．B 46．C
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中，Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来，这是其诱发用户精神紧张，放大了自身的自尊问题所致，本质上是人的问题。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批评人士很快就指责Facebook搁置数据，不向要求提供数据的研究人员或学者提供数据。其他人批评这家社交媒体巨头没有利用这项研究为青少年用户创造更安全的体验。这种愤怒虽然可以理解，但却不恰当)”及第四段内容可知，作者认为对Instagram的批评并没有指向根本问题。故选D项。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business.(虽然我不愿意为Facebook辩护，但我不确定指责该公司隐瞒可能损害其业务的数据是否合理)”及“Have you ever binge - watched a Netflix series I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be (你曾经疯狂地看Netflix的电视剧吗？我向你保证这不是一个健康的尝试。你很活跃，可能没有做任何有成效的事情，漫无目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鲜空气。整个周末盯着电视或笔记本电脑，客观上是一种有害的时间利用。作为回应，我们是否应该羞辱Netflix，因为它没有提醒我们这种令人上瘾的产品有多大的危害)”可知，Netflix被提及是为了表明我们受到网络的影响很大原因是自己产生的，不能完全怪罪于网络媒体，Instagram也一样，作者在此表明批评者的言论并没有指出问题。故选C项。
45．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self - sabotage— as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.(你在社交媒体上创造自己的体验。在大多数情况下，你可以选择关注和参与哪些账户。如果你已经像许多青少年一样容易受到不安全感和自我破坏的伤害，你会发现账户让你着迷。这并不是一个新现象)”可知，Instagram问题本质上是“人的问题”是因为用户在社交媒体上决定自己的体验，不是Instagram产生了这些问题。故选B项。
46．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem.(实际上，这不是Instagram的问题；这是人的问题)”及最后一段“Self - esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use.Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media.(自尊问题有一个潜在的原因，这个原因与社交媒体的使用无关。Instagram只是增强了这些感觉，因为它比旧的媒体形式提供了无限多的接触触发器的途径)”并结合全文内容可知，作者认为Instagram对于青少年用户产生心理影响，是其诱发精神紧张，放大自身的自尊问题所致。故选C项。
47．C 48．E 49．D 50．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐会的起源、发展历史以及变化。
47．根据上文“Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers.(在过去的十年里，音乐节在竞争激烈的行业中已经成长为一个主要的赚钱渠道，美国每年都有数百个这样的活动，其中有大型音乐节，票价很高，有多个舞台，有露营的选择，表演者的名单几乎无穷无尽)”可知，上文提到了音乐节有很多，说明越来越受欢迎，在蓬勃发展。故C选项“随着它们越来越受欢迎，数百个较小的节日也蓬勃发展”符合语境，故选C。
48．根据上文“The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history.(音乐节的起源可以追溯到古希腊，这些活动通常包括音乐、艺术和体育比赛。现代音乐节在美国是随着伍德斯托克音乐节的建立而发展起来的。虽然这不是第一次这样的活动，1969年的活动在美国流行文化史上有着神秘的地位)”以及后文“Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $ 100 million.(科切拉音乐节是该国最受欢迎的节日之一，总票房为114美元。2017年为600万美元，收入超过1亿美元，创下了一项重大记录)”可知，本段主要讲述了音乐节的起源和发展，后文提到了科切拉音乐节是该国最受欢迎的节日之一并创下收益记录，由此推知，说明本句是在说明这些音乐节发展以及获得大量收益的原因。故E选项“节日后来发展成为主流业务，获得利润并接受企业赞助”符合语境，故选E。
49．根据上文“The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University.(奇里诺斯是纽约大学临床音乐和全球健康教授，他说，推动音乐节成为高收入人群的机制与现代生活的影响有很大关系)”以及后文“he says, arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with one’s Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials — a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals — finds that most value experiences: 57% of them said they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home.(他认为，与Instagram上的粉丝分享Billie Eilish或Cardi B的表演片段比买昂贵的东西更令人满意。Deloitte在2019年对千禧一代的一项调查发现，大多数有价值的体验：57%的千禧一代表示，他们更喜欢旅行和看世界，而不是拥有房子。千禧一代在参加音乐节的3200万人中占45%)”可知，本句承接上文说明音乐节成为高收入人群的机制与现代生活的影响之间的关系。故D选项“人们现在更有可能把钱花在体验上，而不是物质产品上”符合语境，故选D。
50．根据后文“As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and products make up a large part of fans’ expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are keen to connect to the artist and,” he says.(随着流媒体成为最受欢迎的听音乐方式之一，门票和产品的销售在粉丝的音乐支出中占据了很大一部分。奇里诺斯说，因为听音乐几乎是免费的，这种访问是前所未有的，使现场音乐变得更加特别。他说:“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系。”)”可知，上文提到“听音乐几乎是免费的，这种访问是前所未有的”，即产生了变化，也提到了“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系”，说明音乐对听众具有吸引力。故A选项“音乐本身也发生了变化，音乐节对听众的吸引力更大了”符合语境，故选A。
51．If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach. In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍数字教育技术有助于解决贫穷国家面临的教育问题。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools.
②As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech.
④But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行精简。
3.遣词造句
If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence.
Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.
In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【点睛】[高分句型1] If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. 用一个省略句对文章二三段的部分内容进行总结。
[高分句型2] Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.用一个简单句对文章第四段内容进行总结。
52．Parents are advised to spend as much time as possible in companying their children.
【详解】考查被动语态、动词短语、动词。根据句意和句子结构可知，表示“建议家长们做……”应为动词的被动语态结构Parents are advised to do…；表示“花时间做某事”应为动词短语spend time in doing；其中，表示“尽量多的时间”为固定短语as much time as possible；表示“陪伴”为动词company，此处应为动名词形式companying。故翻译为：Parents are advised to spend as much time as possible in companying their children。
53．The moment I saw the various paper-cut works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture.
【详解】考查固定短语和时间状语从句。此处为the moment引导的时间状语从句，主语为I；表示“看到千姿百态的剪纸作品”翻译为see the various paper-cut works，为一般过去时；主句主语为I；表示“情不自禁地赞叹中国文化博大精深”翻译为can't help admiring the profound Chinese culture。故翻译为The moment I saw the various paper-cut works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture.
54．For language learners, there is nothing more fulfilling than being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease.
【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。表示“对于语言学习者来说”翻译为for language learners；表示“没有比……更……”句型为there is nothing+比较级…than…；表示“更有成就感”应用形容词比较级more fulfilling；表示“驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握的大量词汇”翻译为being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease，定语从句修饰vocabulary，省略了关系词。故翻译为For language learners, there is nothing more fulfilling than being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease.
55．Informed the competition notice, the tennis rookie has wholeheartedly devoted himself to high intensity training, and regarded pressure resistance as a top priority, hoping to win glory for his country.
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定短语和时态。表示“接到通知”应用inform the competition notice，与逻辑主语the tennis rookie构成被动关系，故用过去分词；the tennis rookie作主语；表示“全心全意投入”翻译为wholeheartedly devote himself to，用现在完成时；表示“高强度训练”短语为high intensity training；表示“将抗压能力视为重中之重”翻译为regard pressure resistance as a top priority；表示“一心希望为国争光”翻译为hoping to win glory for his country，为现在分词作状语。故翻译为Informed the competition notice, the tennis rookie has wholeheartedly devoted himself to high intensity training, and regarded pressure resistance as a top priority, hoping to win glory for his country.
56．Dear director of the Residents’ Committee,
This is Li Hua, a member of the Residents’ Committee. Knowing that there is an open space in our community, which has not been properly planned for a long time, I’m writing to give some advice on the development and renovation of the space to you.
Personally, I hold the belief that a basketball court and a tennis court can be built there. New places for sports and exercises can not only encourage our community members to work out regularly and adopt healthier lifestyles, but also serve as excellent venues for future community activities such as sports meetings, which will promote the construction and development of our community.
I hope my suggestion is useful and I’d appreciate it if could take it into consideration.
Yours,
Li Ming
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给小区居委会主任写封信，就小区常年闲置的一块空地提出具体的开发改造建议，并说明理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
建议：advice→suggestion
鼓励、激励：encourage→inspire
锻炼：work out→take exercise
杰出的、卓越的：excellent→remarkable
2. 句式拓展：
同义句转换：
原句：Knowing that there is an open space in our community, which has not been properly planned for a long time, I’m writing to give some advice on the development and renovation of the space to you.
拓展句：Because I know that there is an open space in our community, which has not been properly planned for a long time, I’m writing to give some advice on the development and renovation of the space to you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Personally, I hold the belief that a basketball court and a tennis court can be built there. （运用了以that引导的同位语从句和情态动词的被动语态。）
【高分句型2】New places for sports and exercises can not only encourage our community members to work out regularly and adopt healthier lifestyles, but also serve as excellent venues for future community activities such as sports meetings, which will promote the construction and development of our community.（运用了not only...but also..连接两个并列谓语，及以关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。）
答案第8页，共13页
答案第9页，共13页
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rational People Think at the Margin
Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involve shades of gray. At dinner time, the decision you face is not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of mashed potatoes. _____1_____ exams roll around, your decision is not between blowing them off and studying 24 hours a day, but whether to spend an extra hour reviewing your notes _____2_____ watching TV. Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an _____3_____ (exist) plan of action.
In many situations, people make the best decisions by thinking at the margin. Margin means “edge,” so marginal changes are adjustments around the edges of _____4_____ you are doing. Suppose, for instance, that you ask a friend for advice about how many years to stay in school. If he compares for you the lifestyle of a person with a Ph. D．to _____5_____ of a grade school dropout, you might complain that this comparison is not helpful for your decision. You have some education already and most likely _____6_____ (decide) whether to spend an extra year or two in school. _____7_____ (make) this decision, you need to know the additional benefits that an extra year in school would offer (higher salaries throughout life and the sheer joy of learning), _____8_____ (combine) with the additional costs that you would pay (tuition and the forgone salaries while you are in school). By comparing these marginal benefits and marginal costs, you can evaluate whether the extra year is worthwhile and make the best decision _____9_____ is in your interest.
As _____10_____ (show) in this example, individuals and firms can make better decisions by thinking at the margin. A rational decision - maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．maximize B．subsequent C．potential D．personalize E. misrepresentedF. limited G. marketing H. predictive I. commercial J. speed K. absence
No child or young athlete should be subjected to genetic testing to find sporting talent or improve performance, conclude the experts in a statement published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. The scientific evidence on the effectiveness of these ___11___ tests is simply far too weak to back their use, says the experts in the fields of genomics, exercise, sports performance, etc. While the science of genomics has advanced rapidly over the past decade, the ability to interpret the meaning of genetic test results is still at a relatively early stage.
But that has not stopped the growth of the “direct to consumer” genetic tests, which claim to be able to spot children’s athletic talents or tailor training to ___12___ performance. This fast - growing market has caused fears that the still limited level of knowledge on the genetics of sports performance is being ___13___ for commercial gain.
To inform the statement, the panel looked at the availability of DIY genetic tests. It found 39 companies ___14___ tests associated with sport or exercise performance or injury - almost twice as many as in 2018.
The claims included: “___15___ your training based on your sports genetics,” “Give parents and coaches early information on their child’s genetic ___16___ for success for sports,” and “We use your DNA results to help you lose fat, build muscle, get fitter.”
But the ___17___ of any good scientific data to guide selection of which variants to test weakens the value of multiple testing. Besides, while there is some evidence to suggest a link with enhanced physical performance, it is very weak, making the ___18___ value of these tests “actually zero,” says the statement.
The statement emphasizes the ___19___ of change in gene sequencing technology has got much faster than regulation. And it points out the importance of counselling before any genetic test is taken.
“While further evidence will undoubtedly emerge around the genetics of sport performance in the future, the data are currently very ____20____. Therefore, in this stage of limited knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents,” it concludes.
三、完形填空
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to ___21___ people’s impression of us. Our appearance ___22___ particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, ___23___ the person’s education, background, or interests.
People tend to ___24___ what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the ___25___ of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and ___26___ when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the ___27___ they must wear to play these roles successfully. ___28___, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you ___29___ a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had ____30____ dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world ____31____ the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” (女性气质的) attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more ____32____ than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more ____33____ for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair, ____34____ use of make - up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t ____35____ the job.” We need a change in this regard.
21．A．add to B．deal with C．set aside D．focus on
22．A．assumes B．appreciates C．minimizes D．assesses
23．A．in terms of B．because of C．instead of D．regardless of
24．A．agree on B．count on C．negotiate about D．hesitate about
25．A．specialties B．accomplishments C．characters D．lifestyles
26．A．comfortable B．competent C．sacred D．outgoing
27．A．uniforms B．costumes C．gloves D．pajamas
28．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
29．A．imitated B．resisted C．evaluated D．anticipated
30．A．long - lasting B．good - looking C．light - hearted D．well - defined
31．A．are uncertain about B．are distracted from C．are keen on D．are ashamed of
32．A．consistent B．fashionable C．diversified D．innovated
33．A．critically B．casually C．favourably D．honestly
34．A．frequent B．concrete C．moderate D．heavy
35．A．get B．spare C．survive D．maintain
四、阅读理解
Dear Kind - Trustee - Who - Sends - Orphans - to - College,
Here I am! I travelled yesterday for four hours in a train. It’s a funny sensation, isn’t it! I never rode in one before.
College is the biggest, most bewildering place — I get lost whenever I leave my room. I will write you a description later when I’m feeling less muddled; also I will tell you about my lessons. Class don’t begin until Monday morning, and this is Saturday night. But I wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted (认识).
It seems weird to be writing letters to somebody you don’t know. It seems weird for me to be writing letters at all - I’ve never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind. Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be Very Respectful.
But how can one be very respectful to a person who wishes to be called John Smith Why couldn’t you have picked out a name with a little personality I might as well write letters to Dear Hitching - Post or Dear Clothes - Prop.
I have been thinking about you a great deal this simmer; having somebody take an interest in me after all these years makes me feel as though I had found a sort of family. It seems as though I belonged to somebody now, and it’s a very comfortable sensation. I must say, however, that when I think about you, my imagination has very little to work upon. There are just three things that I know: I. You are tall. II. You are rich. Ⅲ. You hate girls.
I suppose I might call you Dear Mr. Girl - Hater. Only that’s rather insulting to me. Or Dear Mr. Rich - Man, but that’s insulting to you, as though money were the only important thing about you. Besides, being rich is such a very external quality. Maybe you won’t stay rich all your life! So I’ve decided to call you Dear Daddy - Long - Legs. I hope you won’t mind. It’s just a private pet name we won’t tell Mrs. Lippett.
The ten o’clock bell is going to ring in two minutes. Our day is divided into sections by beels. We eat and sleep and study by bells. It’s very enlivening; I feel like a fire horse all of the time. There is goes! Lights out. Good night.
Observe with what precision I obey rules — due to my training the John Grier Home.
Yours most respectfully,
Jerusha Abbott
To Mr. Daddy - Long - Legs Smith
36．The word “muddled” is closest in meaning to “_________”.
A．depressed B．familiar
C．confused D．distressed
37．What can we infer from the third paragraph of the letter
A．Letter writing skills were essential in Jerusha’s society.
B．Jerusha was reluctant to write a letter to a stranger.
C．The letters written by Jerusha were always well organized.
D．Mr. Daddy - Long - Legs Smith was the one Jerusha respected.
38．Jerusha decided to call the trustee Dear - Long - Legs in order to ________.
A．show her sincere respect for him B．make them feel closer to each other
C．represent one of his internal qualities D．leave a deep impression on him
39．How did Jerusha feel about the upcoming college life
A．indifferent B．anxious
C．expectant D．hopeless
HEALTH TODAY hosted by Health Promotion Board
GET ON YOUR FEET AND FEEL THE B．E. A．TBattle to Eliminate Atherothrombosis (BEAT) Campaign Roadshow * Health screenings, educational talks, cooking and exercise demonstrations. * Fun-filled games and prizes for the entire family. Learn more about atherothrombosis - a disease leading to heart attacks and stroke and also a leading causes of death in the nation. Take part in the B．E. A．T challenge, a fun - filled, four-hour hunt around town in which you will be looking for clues to complete various tasks at different pit - stops. Date: 8th and 9th July Time: 11 a. m. to 6 p. m. Venue: Atrium@Orchard (Dhoby Ghaut MRT station) Registration Fee: Free (Closing date to sign up for the B．E. A．T Challenge is before 5th July. Register at www. ) Participants for the B．E. A．T Challenge to arrive 1/2 hr before event begins.
DEALING WITH CONSTIPATIONHave a problem with constipation Let our experts identify your problems and explain different types of constipation, tests and treatments to you. Date: Fortnightly Time: l p. m. to 2 p. m. Venue: National University Hospital, Health Education Hub, Level I Registration Fee: Free BE IN CONTROLLose weight effectively and safely! Tips from renowned American nutritionist, Dr. Jeffrey Hathaway, a professor at National University Hospital. He will give a talk at the Jurong Regional Library. Date: 1st and 2nd July Time: 2p. m. to 4: 40 p. m. Registration Fee: $ 15 per adult (Redeemable for products at selected Health Pharm outlets)
Prizes Sponsored by Pfizer, dedicated to the quest for longer, healthier, happier lives. In conjunction with National Healthy Lifestyle Programme.
40．The event is organized by _________.
A．Health Promotion Board B．Jurong Regional Library
C．Health Education Hub Hub D．National University Hospital
41．The last day for the participant to sign up for the B．E. A．T Challenge event is on _________.
A．1st of July B．4th of July
C．5th of July D．8th of July
42．Which of the following statement is TRUE
A．Two events offer tests to assess participants’ health.
B．Participants of the B．E. A．T Challenge have to report by 10: 30.
C．Dr. Jeffrey Hathaway is a professor at Jurong Regional Library.
D．Fifteen dollars’ worth of products can be redeemed at all Health Pharm outlets.
Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.
While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram.
Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be
While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.
Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.
43．The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________.
A．are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps
B．address the Instagram - induced mental pain
C．are only based on the data released by Facebook
D．are not directed at the fundamental problem
44．Netflix is mentioned to __________.
A．compare the criticisms against it and Facebook
B．defend why Facebook is to blame
C．suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point
D．show Netflix does more harm to teens
45．The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________.
A．it is human nature to get addicted to social media
B．users decide on their experiences on social media
C．people have a tendency to feel insecure online
D．people are keen on fabricating their self - profile
46．What is the passage mainly about
A．the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook
B．the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide
C．the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains
D．the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers
五、六选四
Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers. _____47_____.
The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history. _____48_____. Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $ 100 million.
The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University. _____49_____. He says, arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with one’s Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials — a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals — finds that most value experiences: 57% of them said they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home.
_____50_____. As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and products make up a large part of fans’ expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are keen to connect to the artist and,” he says.
On the other hand, for artists, appearing at music festivals is an easier way to make money than depending on record sales or long tours. As record sales saw a sharp decline in the early-to-mid-2000s thanks to the growth of digital music, artists began depending on touring to earn money.
A．Music itself has changed as well, making festivals a bigger attraction for listeners.
B．Streaming pop stars’ performance makes music even more popular.
C．And alongside their rise in popularity, hundreds of smaller festivals have flourished.
D．People are more likely now to spend money on experiences over material goods.
E．Festivals have since grown into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships.
F．The first musical festival was said to be held in Coachella.
六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Click to download teacher
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison announced in 1913: they would, he believed, soon be replaced by silent films. Each new wave of information technology - radio, television, computers - has led to similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools - especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub - Saharan African countries, half of nine - year - olds cannot read a simple word and three - quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers prompts about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Technology is no cure - all. Good traditional teachers are not outdated, and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英（整句）
52．建议家长们尽量多花点时间陪伴孩子。 (company)(汉译英)
53．看到千姿百态的剪纸作品，我情不自禁地赞叹中国文化博大精深。(The moment) (汉译英)
54．对于语言学习者来说，没有比能驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握的大量词汇更有成就感的事了。(there be) (汉译英)
55．接到比赛通知以来，这位网坛新秀全心全意投入高强度的训练，并将抗压能力视为重中之重，一心希望为国争光。(inform) (汉译英)
八、建议信
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 你是中学生李明，你所居住的小区(如图)有块常年闲置的空地;最近小区居委会(the residents’ committee)向大家征集开发改造这片空地的建议，请给居委会主任写封信，你的信中必须包括：
1. 你对空地的开发改造的具体建议；
2. 你的理由
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第12页，共12页
试卷第1页，共12页
参考答案：
1．When 2．instead of##rather than 3．existing 4．what 5．that 6．are deciding 7．To make 8．combined 9．that 10．is shown##shown
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了边际思维在我们生活中的重要性、运用及好处。
1．考查状语从句连词。句意：当考试来临的时候，你要做的决定不是放弃考试还是24小时学习，而是是否多花一个小时复习笔记而不是看电视。分析句子可知，空处缺少从属连词，引导状语从句，结合句意，表示“当考试来临时”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。
2．考查短语。句意：当考试来临的时候，你要做的决定不是放弃考试还是24小时学习，而是是否多花一个小时复习笔记而不是看电视。根据reviewing your notes及watching TV可知，空前空后为并列结构，且表示“而不是”，可以填写instead of或者rather than。故填instead of/rather than。
3．考查形容词。句意：经济学家使用术语“边际变化”来描述对现有行动计划的微小调整。分析句子可知，空处缺少定语修饰plan，表示“现存的”，用对应的形容词existing。故填existing。
4．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：边际是“边缘”的意思，所以边际变化是围绕你所做事情的边缘进行的调整。分析句子可知，of为介词，其后句子是宾语从句，从句部分缺少doing的宾语，用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
5．考查代词。句意：如果他帮你比较一个有博士学位的人的生活方式和一个小学辍学的人的生活方式，你可能会抱怨这种比较对你的决定没有帮助。根据句意可知，比较的是博士和小学辍学人的生活方式，在同一个句子中进行比较，用that/those指代句子的主语，lifestyle为单数，用that。故填that。
6．考查动词时态。句意：你已经接受了一些教育，很可能正在决定是否在学校多读一两年。根据You have some education already可知，语境表示正在决定是否继续读书，用现在进行时be doing，主语为you，be动词用are。故填are deciding。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了做出这个决定，你需要知道多上一年学能带来的额外好处（一生中更高的薪水和纯粹的学习乐趣），以及你要支付的额外成本（学费和在校期间放弃的工资）。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，用动词不定式to make表示目的。故填To make。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了做出这个决定，你需要知道多上一年学能带来的额外好处（一生中更高的薪水和纯粹的学习乐趣），以及你要支付的额外成本（学费和在校期间放弃的工资）。分析本句可知，空处要用非谓语动词，结合with，空处表示“与……结合”，用过去分词。故填combined。
9．考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过比较这些边际收益和边际成本，你可以评估额外一年是否值得，并做出符合你利益的最佳决定。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系代词引导定语从句，先行词为decision，由the best修饰，此处用关系代词that引导从句，作主语。故填that。
10．考查动词时态和语态及省略。句意：正如这个例子所示，个人和公司可以通过考虑边际来做出更好的决策。As引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少谓语，表示“被展示”，用一般现在时的被动语态，as is shown意思为：正如所示，此处is可以省略。故填is shown/shown。
11．I 12．A 13．E 14．G 15．D 16．C 17．K 18．H 19．J 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了专家们在《英国运动医学杂志》上发表的一份声明中得出结论，任何儿童或年轻运动员都不应该为了寻找运动天赋或提高成绩而进行基因检测。
11．考查形容词。句意：基因组学、运动、运动表现等领域的专家说，关于这些商业测试有效性的科学证据太薄弱，无法支持它们的使用。分析句子可知，空后tests为名词，空前these为指示代词，空格处应为形容词形式，commercial“商业的”为形容词，修饰名词tests。符合句意。故选I项。
12．考查动词。句意：但这并没有阻止“直接面向消费者”的基因测试的发展，这些测试声称能够发现儿童的运动天赋，或调整训练以使表现最大化。分析句子可知，空后performance为名词，空前to为不定式结构，空格处应为动词原形，performance作该谓语动词的宾语成分，maximize“使最大化”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。
13．考查动词。句意：这一快速增长的市场引发了人们的担忧，即人们对体育成绩遗传学方面的知识水平仍然有限，但为了商业利益而被歪曲了。分析句子可知，该空格处应为is being done结构，为现在进行时的被动语态结构，空格处应为过去分词形式，misrepresented“歪曲，不如实地叙述”为动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选E项。
14．考查名词。句意：研究发现，39家公司的营销测试与运动或运动表现或受伤有关，几乎是2018年的两倍。分析句子可知，空后tests为名词，该空格处应为名词或形容词形式作定语修饰该名词，marketing“营销”为名词作定语修饰tests，构成marketing tests“营销测试”，符合句意。故选G项。
15．考查动词。句意：根据你的运动基因来个性化你的训练。分析句子可知，空后your training为名词短语，空格处应为谓语动词，构成谓宾结构，personalize“使个性化”为动词，符合句意。故选D项。
16．考查名词。句意：给父母和教练提供关于他们孩子在运动上取得成功的遗传潜力的早期信息。分析句子可知，空前genetic为形容词，空格处应为名词形式，被该形容词所修饰，potential“潜力”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。
17．考查名词。句意：但是，缺乏任何良好的科学数据来指导选择哪些变体进行测试，削弱了多重测试的价值。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，该空格处应为名词形式，absence“缺乏”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。
18．考查形容词。句意：此外，声明称，虽然有一些证据表明运动与增强的身体表现有关，但证据非常微弱，使得这些测试的预测价值“实际上为零”。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，空后value为名词，该空格处应为形容词形式，修饰该名词value，predictive“预言性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。
19．考查名词。句意：该声明强调，基因测序技术的变化速度远远快于监管。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，该空格处应为名词形式，speed“速度”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
20．考查形容词。句意：虽然未来毫无疑问会出现更多关于体育表现基因的证据，但目前的数据非常有限。分析句子可知，空前为系动词are和副词very，该空格处应为形容词形式，构成主系表结构，此外该形容词被副词very所修饰，limited“有限的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．C 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了服装对于印象的影响及我们如何通过服装来处理在人际关系中的印象。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：既然衣服是社会信息的重要来源，我们可以用它来处理人们对我们的印象。A. add to加到；B. deal with处理；C. set aside留置；D. focus on集中于。根据上文“They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.”可知，衣服能告诉别人我们的各个方面的信息，所以，我们可以利用服装来处理别人对我们的印象。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的外表在可能互动的最初阶段呈现特殊的意义。A. assumes呈现；B. appreciates欣赏；C. minimizes最小化；D. assesses评估。根据“particular significance in the original phases of interaction”可知，我们的外表在互动的最初阶段呈现特殊的意义。故选A项。
23．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人或女人可能会被一个穿着与众不同的年轻人疏远，而不管这个人的教育、背景或兴趣如何。A. in terms of就……而言；B. because of因为；C. instead of而不是；D. regardless of不管、不顾。根据“An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner”可知，不管两个人的教育、背景或兴趣，穿着不一致的人很少能在一开始产生共鸣。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致。A. agree on在……意见上取得一致；B. count on依靠；C. negotiate about协商关于……；D. hesitate about对……犹豫。根据下文提到的“青春期女孩”和“新闻播报员”的着装例子可知，人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致。故选A项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：青春期的女孩很容易就女孩穿某些衣服的生活方式达成一致，包括她们可能有过几个男朋友，是否开车或喝酒。A. specialties专长；B. accomplishments成就；C. characters特性；D. lifestyles生活方式。根据“who wear certain outfits”及“including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink”可知，这里描述的是这些女孩的生活方式。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新闻播音员或在电视上播报新闻的播音员在穿着保守时被认为更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力。A. comfortable舒适的；B. competent能胜任的；C. sacred神圣的；D. outgoing外向的。根据“be more convincing, honest”可知，新闻播报员在穿着保守时被认为更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力胜任。故选B项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些认为自己在人际关系中扮演积极角色的大学生表示，他们很在意成功扮演这些角色所必须穿的服装。A. uniforms制服；B. costumes（角色）服装；C. gloves手套；D. pajamas睡衣。根据“to play these roles successfully”可知，表示扮演角色要穿的服装，要用costumes。故选B项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们中的许多人都能举出这样的例子：我们所穿的衣服改变了我们对自己的看法和行为方式。A. Moreover此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据“many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted”并结合前文可知，此处表示进一步说明本段观点，用Moreover。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许你曾在预期一个有压力的情况时，比如工作面试或出庭时，用服装来获得自信。A. imitated模仿；B. resisted抵制；C. evaluated评估；D. anticipated预期。根据“such as a job interview, or a court appearance”可知，当预期一个有压力的情况时，我们可以通过服装来增强信心。故选D项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，男性长期以来都有明确的着装要求和成功的榜样。A. long-lasting持久的；B. good-looking好看的；C. light-hearted轻松的；D. well-defined定义明确的。根据“dress code and role models”可知，工作场所，男性有着明确的着装要求。故选D项。
31．考查短语词义辨析。句意：在商界，很多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装来传达“男性化”和“女性化”的恰当组合。A. are uncertain about对……不确定；B. are distracted from分心于；C. are keen on对……热衷；D. are ashamed of对……羞愧。根据“It had been otherwise for women.”可知，对于女性而言，和男性相反，她们不确定她们应该通过职业装来传达“男性化”和“女性化”的恰当组合。故选A项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女性服装替代品的种类也比男性更加多样化。A. consistent一贯的；B. fashionable时尚的；C. diversified多样化的；D. innovated创新的。根据“The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more ___12___ than that available for men.”可知，女性的服装替代品种类更多。故选C项。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当女性表现出较少的“女性化”打扮——短发、适度化妆和朴素的服装，男性管理者倾向于在管理职位上更有利地评价女性。A. critically关键地；B. casually随意地；C. favourably有利地；D. honestly诚实地。根据“when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair”并结合常识可知，较少的女性化打扮，能在职场上更为有利，更受欢迎。故选C项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：句意：当女性表现出较少的“女性化”打扮——短发、适度化妆和朴素的服装，男性管理者倾向于在管理职位上更有利地评价女性。A. frequent频繁的；B. concrete具体的；C. moderate适度的；D. heavy重的。根据“less “feminine” grooming”可知，职场女性需要适度化妆。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如一位男性管理人员承认的那样：“有魅力的女性肯定会得到更长的面试时间，但她不会得到这份工作。”A. get得到；B. spare留出；C. survive幸存；D. maintain维持。根据“An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview”及“but”可知，有魅力的女性有较长的面试时间，但是，她不会得到这份工作。故选A项。
36．C 37．D 38．B 39．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个受赞助上大学的女孩子给自己的赞助者写的一封信。告诉对方自己刚到学校，但对学校还不熟悉。写信的人主旨是想表达自己对赞助人的感谢，并表达了自己对现在有规律的生活感觉很好。
36．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“College is the biggest, most bewildering place — I get lost whenever I leave my room.”（大学是最大、最令人困惑的地方——我一离开房间就迷路了。）提到大学校园让人感到困惑。结合划线词下文“I will write you a description later…also I will tell you about my lessons.”（我会给你写一份描述；我也会告诉你我的功课。）可猜测划线单词muddled为“糊涂，困惑”的意思，即当作者不再那么困惑时，她会给资助者描述一下大学和大学生活。结合选项C项confused“困惑的”意思一致。故选C项。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段“It seems weird to be writing letters to somebody you don’t know. It seems weird for me to be writing letters at all - I’ve never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind. Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be Very Respectful.”（给一个你不认识的人写信似乎很奇怪。对我来说，写信似乎很奇怪——我一生中从来没有写过三到四封信，所以如果这些不是典型的信件，请忽略它。昨天早上出发前，我和李皮太太进行了一次非常严肃的谈话。她告诉我以后的生活该如何表现，尤其是如何对待那位为我做了这么多的好心的先生。我一定要表现得非常恭敬。）可知，从这封信的第三段我们可以推断出长腿叔叔是Jerusha尊敬的人。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“It’s just a private pet name we won’t tell Mrs. Lippett.”（这只是个私人昵称，我们不会告诉李皮太太的。）可知，“Dear - Long - Legs”是一个昵称。由此推知，Jerusha私下里这样称呼，是为了拉近彼此的距离。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Here I am! I travelled yesterday for four hours in a train. It’s a funny sensation, isn’t it! I never rode in one before.”（我来了！我昨天乘火车旅行了四个小时。这是一种有趣的感觉，不是吗？我以前从没坐过。）和倒数第二段中“The ten o’clock bell is going to ring in two minutes. Our day is divided into sections by beels. We eat and sleep and study by bells. It’s very enlivening; I feel like a fire horse all of the time.”（再过两分钟，十点的铃就要响了。我们的一天被分成了几个部分。我们吃饭、睡觉、学习都要听铃声。这很有活力；我总觉得自己像匹火马。）可推知，Jerusha对即将到来的大学生活是期待的。故选C项。
40．A 41．B 42．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了B.E.A.T挑战赛的情况，包括参加时间、报名日期等。
40．细节理解题。根据标题“HEALTH TODAY hosted by Health Promotion Board(健康促进委员会主办的《今日健康》)”可知，活动由健康促进委员会组织，故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据第一栏中“Registration Fee: Free (Closing date to sign up for the B. E. A. T Challenge is before 5th July. Register at www. )(注册费：免费（B.E.A.T挑战赛报名截止日期为7月5日之前。请在www.注册）)”可知，参与者报名参加B.E.A.T挑战赛的最后一天是7月4日。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据第一栏中“Time: 11 a. m. to 6 p. m.(时间：上午11点至下午6点)”以及“Participants for the B. E. A. T Challenge to arrive 1/2 hr before event begins.(B.E.A.T挑战赛的参与者应在活动开始前1/2小时到达)”可知，B选项“B.E.A.T挑战赛的参与者必须在10:30之前报到”正确。故选B。
43．D 44．C 45．B 46．C
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中，Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来，这是其诱发用户精神紧张，放大了自身的自尊问题所致，本质上是人的问题。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批评人士很快就指责Facebook搁置数据，不向要求提供数据的研究人员或学者提供数据。其他人批评这家社交媒体巨头没有利用这项研究为青少年用户创造更安全的体验。这种愤怒虽然可以理解，但却不恰当)”及第四段内容可知，作者认为对Instagram的批评并没有指向根本问题。故选D项。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business.(虽然我不愿意为Facebook辩护，但我不确定指责该公司隐瞒可能损害其业务的数据是否合理)”及“Have you ever binge - watched a Netflix series I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be (你曾经疯狂地看Netflix的电视剧吗？我向你保证这不是一个健康的尝试。你很活跃，可能没有做任何有成效的事情，漫无目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鲜空气。整个周末盯着电视或笔记本电脑，客观上是一种有害的时间利用。作为回应，我们是否应该羞辱Netflix，因为它没有提醒我们这种令人上瘾的产品有多大的危害)”可知，Netflix被提及是为了表明我们受到网络的影响很大原因是自己产生的，不能完全怪罪于网络媒体，Instagram也一样，作者在此表明批评者的言论并没有指出问题。故选C项。
45．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self - sabotage— as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.(你在社交媒体上创造自己的体验。在大多数情况下，你可以选择关注和参与哪些账户。如果你已经像许多青少年一样容易受到不安全感和自我破坏的伤害，你会发现账户让你着迷。这并不是一个新现象)”可知，Instagram问题本质上是“人的问题”是因为用户在社交媒体上决定自己的体验，不是Instagram产生了这些问题。故选B项。
46．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem.(实际上，这不是Instagram的问题；这是人的问题)”及最后一段“Self - esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use.Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media.(自尊问题有一个潜在的原因，这个原因与社交媒体的使用无关。Instagram只是增强了这些感觉，因为它比旧的媒体形式提供了无限多的接触触发器的途径)”并结合全文内容可知，作者认为Instagram对于青少年用户产生心理影响，是其诱发精神紧张，放大自身的自尊问题所致。故选C项。
47．C 48．E 49．D 50．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐会的起源、发展历史以及变化。
47．根据上文“Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers.(在过去的十年里，音乐节在竞争激烈的行业中已经成长为一个主要的赚钱渠道，美国每年都有数百个这样的活动，其中有大型音乐节，票价很高，有多个舞台，有露营的选择，表演者的名单几乎无穷无尽)”可知，上文提到了音乐节有很多，说明越来越受欢迎，在蓬勃发展。故C选项“随着它们越来越受欢迎，数百个较小的节日也蓬勃发展”符合语境，故选C。
48．根据上文“The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history.(音乐节的起源可以追溯到古希腊，这些活动通常包括音乐、艺术和体育比赛。现代音乐节在美国是随着伍德斯托克音乐节的建立而发展起来的。虽然这不是第一次这样的活动，1969年的活动在美国流行文化史上有着神秘的地位)”以及后文“Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $ 100 million.(科切拉音乐节是该国最受欢迎的节日之一，总票房为114美元。2017年为600万美元，收入超过1亿美元，创下了一项重大记录)”可知，本段主要讲述了音乐节的起源和发展，后文提到了科切拉音乐节是该国最受欢迎的节日之一并创下收益记录，由此推知，说明本句是在说明这些音乐节发展以及获得大量收益的原因。故E选项“节日后来发展成为主流业务，获得利润并接受企业赞助”符合语境，故选E。
49．根据上文“The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University.(奇里诺斯是纽约大学临床音乐和全球健康教授，他说，推动音乐节成为高收入人群的机制与现代生活的影响有很大关系)”以及后文“he says, arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with one’s Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials — a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals — finds that most value experiences: 57% of them said they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home.(他认为，与Instagram上的粉丝分享Billie Eilish或Cardi B的表演片段比买昂贵的东西更令人满意。Deloitte在2019年对千禧一代的一项调查发现，大多数有价值的体验：57%的千禧一代表示，他们更喜欢旅行和看世界，而不是拥有房子。千禧一代在参加音乐节的3200万人中占45%)”可知，本句承接上文说明音乐节成为高收入人群的机制与现代生活的影响之间的关系。故D选项“人们现在更有可能把钱花在体验上，而不是物质产品上”符合语境，故选D。
50．根据后文“As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and products make up a large part of fans’ expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are keen to connect to the artist and,” he says.(随着流媒体成为最受欢迎的听音乐方式之一，门票和产品的销售在粉丝的音乐支出中占据了很大一部分。奇里诺斯说，因为听音乐几乎是免费的，这种访问是前所未有的，使现场音乐变得更加特别。他说:“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系。”)”可知，上文提到“听音乐几乎是免费的，这种访问是前所未有的”，即产生了变化，也提到了“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系”，说明音乐对听众具有吸引力。故A选项“音乐本身也发生了变化，音乐节对听众的吸引力更大了”符合语境，故选A。
51．If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach. In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍数字教育技术有助于解决贫穷国家面临的教育问题。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools.
②As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech.
④But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行精简。
3.遣词造句
If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence.
Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.
In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【点睛】[高分句型1] If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. 用一个省略句对文章二三段的部分内容进行总结。
[高分句型2] Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.用一个简单句对文章第四段内容进行总结。
52．Parents are advised to spend as much time as possible in companying their children.
【详解】考查被动语态、动词短语、动词。根据句意和句子结构可知，表示“建议家长们做……”应为动词的被动语态结构Parents are advised to do…；表示“花时间做某事”应为动词短语spend time in doing；其中，表示“尽量多的时间”为固定短语as much time as possible；表示“陪伴”为动词company，此处应为动名词形式companying。故翻译为：Parents are advised to spend as much time as possible in companying their children。
53．The moment I saw the various paper-cut works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture.
【详解】考查固定短语和时间状语从句。此处为the moment引导的时间状语从句，主语为I；表示“看到千姿百态的剪纸作品”翻译为see the various paper-cut works，为一般过去时；主句主语为I；表示“情不自禁地赞叹中国文化博大精深”翻译为can't help admiring the profound Chinese culture。故翻译为The moment I saw the various paper-cut works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture.
54．For language learners, there is nothing more fulfilling than being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease.
【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。表示“对于语言学习者来说”翻译为for language learners；表示“没有比……更……”句型为there is nothing+比较级…than…；表示“更有成就感”应用形容词比较级more fulfilling；表示“驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握的大量词汇”翻译为being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease，定语从句修饰vocabulary，省略了关系词。故翻译为For language learners, there is nothing more fulfilling than being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease.
55．Informed the competition notice, the tennis rookie has wholeheartedly devoted himself to high intensity training, and regarded pressure resistance as a top priority, hoping to win glory for his country.
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定短语和时态。表示“接到通知”应用inform the competition notice，与逻辑主语the tennis rookie构成被动关系，故用过去分词；the tennis rookie作主语；表示“全心全意投入”翻译为wholeheartedly devote himself to，用现在完成时；表示“高强度训练”短语为high intensity training；表示“将抗压能力视为重中之重”翻译为regard pressure resistance as a top priority；表示“一心希望为国争光”翻译为hoping to win glory for his country，为现在分词作状语。故翻译为Informed the competition notice, the tennis rookie has wholeheartedly devoted himself to high intensity training, and regarded pressure resistance as a top priority, hoping to win glory for his country.
56．Dear director of the Residents’ Committee,
This is Li Hua, a member of the Residents’ Committee. Knowing that there is an open space in our community, which has not been properly planned for a long time, I’m writing to give some advice on the development and renovation of the space to you.
Personally, I hold the belief that a basketball court and a tennis court can be built there. New places for sports and exercises can not only encourage our community members to work out regularly and adopt healthier lifestyles, but also serve as excellent venues for future community activities such as sports meetings, which will promote the construction and development of our community.
I hope my suggestion is useful and I’d appreciate it if could take it into consideration.
Yours,
Li Ming
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给小区居委会主任写封信，就小区常年闲置的一块空地提出具体的开发改造建议，并说明理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
建议：advice→suggestion
鼓励、激励：encourage→inspire
锻炼：work out→take exercise
杰出的、卓越的：excellent→remarkable
2. 句式拓展：
同义句转换：
原句：Knowing that there is an open space in our community, which has not been properly planned for a long time, I’m writing to give some advice on the development and renovation of the space to you.
拓展句：Because I know that there is an open space in our community, which has not been properly planned for a long time, I’m writing to give some advice on the development and renovation of the space to you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Personally, I hold the belief that a basketball court and a tennis court can be built there. （运用了以that引导的同位语从句和情态动词的被动语态。）
【高分句型2】New places for sports and exercises can not only encourage our community members to work out regularly and adopt healthier lifestyles, but also serve as excellent venues for future community activities such as sports meetings, which will promote the construction and development of our community.（运用了not only...but also..连接两个并列谓语，及以关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。）
答案第8页，共13页
答案第9页，共13页
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