2023年中考完形填空解题策略指南（含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考完形填空解题策略指南
一.根据文体特点解题
(一)记叙文类
1.通读全文。先跳过空格.通读文章,了解文章的整体内容,理清思路，在理解整篇短文意思的基础上开始判定选项,切勿仓促选择。
2.权衡选项。在理解全文的基础上,再次从头开始阅读,此次阅读需结合选项综合考虑。这时最重要的一点就是要联系上下文。有些选项可以通过对上下文的理解判定。对个别选项要进行比较、筛选和排除,先易后难，将短文意思,语法规则和固定搭配等方面进行综合考虑、最终确定选项。
3.回顾全文。完成短文后,回顾短文是必不可少的一个环节。要将所选出的选项带回到文章中,通读一遍,检查语义是否完整,语法是否正确,前后是否连贯,是否符合习惯用法等,并据此做出适当修正。
(二)说明文类
1.关注段首句。说明文类型的文章,在做题前,需要关注每段的第一句。通常段首句是该段的主旨句，根据主旨句可以判断此段的大意,即作者想要说明的内容是什么。
2.浏览选项。作者在书写说明文时通常是向读者介绍某事物或人物,浏览选项的同时结合文章内容可能会对部分题目做出选择,另外少数题目或许考生不熟悉,需要了解的内容。此时,结合上下文含义做题就非常有必要了。
3.回顾全文
二.运用阅读技巧解题
1.根据上下文寻找线索
此方法是解答完形填空题最常见的技巧，多数空格的线索就在上下两三行中，但也有些空格的线索可能要读完全文后才能找到,或者是在前文的某处出现过,这就需要考生仔细读题,对文章中出现的每个细节都认真读,才能避免渴掉重要的信息点。
2.根据语法规则寻找答案
此方法的关键就是考生的语法知识全面而且精通。通过对近几年的各省市的中考题目进行分析,语法考查的知识点有:各类型从句的引导词,尤其是定语从句和状语从句;动词的时态,特别是对每个时态标志性的时间状语的把握;非谓语动词的使用:介词的法等。解答此类题目的关键就在于同学们要对语句的成分、句与句之间的关系有全方位的把握。
3.根据固定搭配解题
此技巧主要基于考生们对日常英语词汇,语法的积累。英语中大部分的搭配都是有一定道理的，比如,带有off的短语中多数都与“分开,离开”有关，take off意为“脱掉;起飞”.see sb.off意为“为某人送行”,get off意为“下(汽车、火车等)”;带有on的短语中多数都与“继续进行”有关,go on意为“继续”.carry on意为“继续进行”。
4.根据固定句型结构解题
此类题目考查的是考生对于英语中一些固定的句型，以及一些特殊句式的运用。比如,强调句的结构为“It is/was+强调内容+that/who...”;感叹句句式为“How+adj,/adv,+主语+谓语!”或者“What+a/an+adj.+ n.+主语+谓语!";“It wasn't long before...'意为“不久就-.”等等。考生掌握好这些固定的特殊句型结构,对确定答案很有帮助。
5.寻找关键词,并锁定与之相关的词汇
如果通篇文章反复出现同一个词汇,或者全文有一个非常核心的主题,那么这个词汇或者与这个主题相关的词汇都很有可能成为要选择的答案。比如文章是与环保有关的说明文,那么与这个主题相关的词汇有:environment.pollute,reuse 等。由此,有些题目就不难找出正解了。当然此方法适用于首次通读后做出的粗略判断,并不能作为绝对的答案,最终还需进行回顾,根据语境来做出最后判断。
6.根据词义进行辨析
这个方法对考生们的词汇量是个考验。
After I 1 the barn for a long time, he gave up and asked for 2 from a group of children playing nearby.
1.A.finding B.searching C.watching D.studying
2,A.money B.danger C.work D.help
解析 第1题为词义辨析,所有选项的形式都是现在分词,那只有从词义上来区分。find意为“找到”，search意为“搜寻”,watch意为“注视”,study意为“研究”。经过辨析,应该选择B。第2题为固定搭配,ask for help意为“寻求帮助”。
7.根据常识来解题
所谓常识,即生活中的规律或者按照常理发生的情况,这种类型的题目所要遵循的原则就是不能违背客观事实。
(2020·四川巴中)Cindy and Anna were 1 friends, Some days they could spend hours happily together without any argument. but other days they just could not 2 on what to do.
One day they decided to play in the garden near their school. “Come on! Let’s play chess," Anna said.
"I don't want to play chess,"Cindy replied.
"We always do what you want to do.Cindy. It's my tun to make a 3 ,"Anna said. She was getting a little unhappy and 4 leaving Cindy alone.
Cindy was very angry. 5 she got home. She found she still had Anna's notebook in her schoolbag."Well, I'm not giving it back to her today. I'm too mad 6 her,"Cindy thought.
The next day at school,their teacher Mrs. Stone asked for their notebooks. But Anna didn't have hers,and she looked 7 . Cindy knew she should tell Mrs. Stone that she had the notebook, but she was 8 angry with Anna.
When it was time for lunch, Cindy finally told Mrs. Stone the 9 ."Thank you for being honest,Cindy I'm sure Anna will be thankful that you have given me her notebook,"said Mrs. Stone.
Later, Mrs. Stone asked the two girls together and walked with them. Mrs. Stone helped them 10 that it was s good idea to take turns to decide the activity. They became best friends again.
1.A.best B.most C.least D. worst
【解析】考查形容词辨析。best最好的;most最多的:least最少的;worst 最差的。根据下句“Some days they could spend hours happily together without any argument.(有些日子,她们可以在一起曾快地度过几个小时，没有任何争吵。)”可知是好朋友，答案A
2.A.try B.depend C.agree D.live
【解析】考查动词辨析。try尝试;depend依靠;agree 同意;live住。结合短文的第二、三、四段可推知,此处指她们不能就做什么达成一致意见，agree on sth,意为“就某事达成一致意见”,固定搭配。答案C
3.A.promisc B.project C.decision D. survey
【解析】考查名词辨析，promise承诺;project工程;decision决定:survey调查。结合上下文语境可推知，此处指轮到“我”做决定了，短语mike a decision意为“做决定”,困定搭配，答案c
4.A.went over B. went on C. went by D. went away
【解析】考查短语辨析。go over意为“复习;温习”;go on意为“继续”go by意为“(时间)流逝”:go away意为“走开;离开”。结合下文“leaving Cindy alone”可推知，Anna变得有点不开心,便离开了，答案D
5.A.Because B.When C.Unless D.If
【解析】考查连词辨析，because因为;when当...时;unless除非;if如果。结合上下文可知此处是when引导的时间状语从句，答案B
6.A.at B.with C.on D.in
【解析】考查介词辨析。at在;with和;on在.上;in在一里，be mad at sb.“对某人或某事很生气”
是固定短语。答案A
7.A.excited B.worried C.normal D.relaxed
【解析】考查形容词辨析。excited兴奋的;worried担心的;normal普通的;relaxed放松的。结合上文"their teacher Mrs. Stone asked for their notebooks. But Anna didn't have hers" 可 推 知，Anna找不到自己的笔记本,看起来很担心。答案B。
8.A.still B. never C.often D.almost
【解析】考查副词辨析。still依田;never从不;often通常;almost几乎;差不多。连词but在此表示其前后的内容之间是转折关系,结合上句可推知,此处指Cindy 知道她应该告诉Mrs，Stone她有Anna的笔记本,但她依旧在生Anna的气。答案A
A.chance B.plan C.truth D.rule
【解析】考查名词辨析。chance机会;plan 计划;truth实情;rule规则。结合倒数第三段和空格后的内容可推知Cindy最后把算相告诉了Mrs. Stone。答案C
10.A.describe B.explain C.guess D. realize
【解析】考查动词辨析。describe描述explain解释;guess猪测;realize意识到。结合空络前后内容可推知,此处指Mrs.Stone使蛇们意识到轮流去做决定是一个好主意。答案D
"Mum, please! Can I keep a pet dog or a cat " Andrew asked.
Mum said nothing.but the next day, she got home with a bright goldfish swimming around in,plastic bag.
"A fish. A 1 little fish. Not exactly my dream pet. It's 2 ! Everyone has a pet dog."Andrew complained. "Mum, I’ve got 3 against fish. They're perfectly fine animals. But I want a pet that would do tricks and 4 me when I enter my room. I need a pet that would show me love,like a gentle bark or a miaow. 5 , I've got a dead-eyed fish!'
"It's the only pet that you can keep," Mum 6 .
Andrew had no choice but to keep the goldfish. He put it in the tank and said, "I will name it Dog." "Dog!" Andrew shouted. Suddenly, the goldfish stopped eating and swam over from the other side of the 7 .It looked at Andrew, right up to the glass next to him.
Andrew was 8 "Did it know its name was Dog Was it coming to me when I called 9 .Fish aren't that smart. Are they " Andrew waited for Dog to swim away again and 10 eating.Then he shouted again, "Dog!" It stopped eating at once and 1l over to Andrew. Maybe Dog wasn't a stupid fish, after all.
Andrew started to train Dog to do tricks. After two weeks, Dog could swim in the shape of eight.After one month of practice, Dog could get back a little plastic ball by swimming under it and 12 it up to the top of the tank. Then Andrew could drop the ball 13 into the water. Dog was playing er and-bring!
Dog did more than the tricks. Whenever Andrew walked into the room, Dog would 14 swim up and give him a happy 15 .Every time Andrew smiled down at Dog, he was pretty sure it smiled right back.
1.A.lovely B.stupid C.clever D. nervous
2.A.unlucky B.uncomfortable C. unimportant D. unfair
3.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
4.A.agree B.respect C.protect D.lead
5.A.So B.Moreover C.Instead D.otherwise
6.A.insisted B.added C.asked D.doubted
7.A.box B.cage C.tank D.bag
8.A.surprised B.unhappy C.excited D.scared
9.A.No problem B.No way C.No worry D.No hurry
10.A.forget B.avoid C.stop D.begin
11.A.ran B.swam C. walked D.jumped
12.A. pulling B. pushing C.taking D.tuning
13.A.off B.away C. back D.out
14.A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always
15.A.bubble B.bark C.miaow D.touch
[文章大意]本文是记叙文。讲述了Andrew想养宠物狗或猫，但妈妈只允许养金鱼,虽然不是Andrew的理想宠物，但也给他带来了乐趣。
1.B【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意:一条鱼。一条愚蠢的小鱼。lovely可爱的;stupid愚蠢的;clever聪明的;nervous紧张的。根据下文“Maybe Dog wasn't a stupid fish,after all.”可知此处Andrew说这是一条愚蠢的鱼，故选B.
2.D 【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意:这是不公平的!unlucky不幸的;uncomfortable不的;unimportant不重要的;unfair 不公平的。根据“Everyone has a pet dog”可知Andrew认为每个人都有宠物狗，但是他只有一条鱼，所以他认为这是不公平的，故选D.
3.D 【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析。句意:妈妈，我对鱼没什么意见。something某事;anything 任何事; everything一切;nothing什么都没有。根据“They're perfectly fine animals.”可知此处Andrew对鱼是没有什么意见的，故选D。
4.A 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意:当我进入我的房间时，它会向我打招呼。greet打招呼;respect尊敬; protect 保护;lead 引导。根据“But I want a pet that would do tricks and...me when I enter my room”可知Andrew希望进入房间时有宠物来迎接他，故选A
5.C 【解析】本题考查连词辨析。句意:然而，我得到的却是一条目光呆滞的鱼!So所以;Moreover而且; Instead 相反;Otherwise否则。根据上文可知Andrew想要一只狗，但是最后得到的是鱼而不是狗，此处有转折含义，故远C
6.A 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意:“这是你唯一能养的宠物，”妈妈坚持说insisted 坚持; added 增添; asked 问; doubted 怀l疑。根据 “It's the only pet that you can keep'可知妈妈固执己见，故选A
7.C 【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意:突然，金鱼停止进食，从水箱的另一边游过来。box盒子;cage笼子;tank水箱;bag包。根据“He put it in the tank”可知金鱼从水箱另一边游过来，故选C。
8.A 【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意:Andrew很惊讶。surprised惊讶的:unhappy不开心的;excited激动的;scared害怕的。根据“Did it know its name was Dog Was t coming to me when I called ”可知Andrew对此感到很惊讶，故选A。
9.B 【解析】本题考查短语辨析。句意:不可能。No problem没问题;Noway不可能;No worry 不用担心;No hurry 不着急。根据“Fish aren't that smart.Are they ”可知 Andrew认为鱼没有那么聪明，故选B
10.D 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意:Andrew等着Dog再游一次，然后开始吃东西。forget忘记;avoid 避免;stop停止;begin开始。根据下文“It stopped eating at once”处是指鱼开始吃，故选D。
11.B 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意:它立刻停止进食,游向Andrew.ran跑;swam游walked走;jumped跳。结合语境可知鱼是在水箱里游，故选B。
12.B 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意:经过一个月的练习，Dog可以游到一个小塑料球下面，把它拿回来，再把它推到水箱的顶部。pulling拉;pushing推;taking带走;turning转身。根据“by swimming under it and. it up to the top of the tank”可知 Dog 经过训练可以把塑料球推到水箱的顶部，故选B。
13.C 【解析】本题考查介词辨析。句意:然后Andrew就可以把球扔回水中。of离开;away远离;back返回; out外出。根据“Then Andrew could drop the ball.into the water.”可知Andrew把球扔回水里，故选C。
14.D 【解析】本题考查频度副词辨析。句意:每当Andrew走进房间，Dog总是游上来，给他一个快乐的泡泡。never从不;seldom几乎不;sometimes有时候;always总是。根据“Whenever”可推知金鱼总是会游上来，故选D。
15.A 【解析】本题考查名词排析。bubble气泡;bark吠叫;miaow喵;touch触摸。根据上文“a gentle bark or a miaow”可知 Andrew想养狗或猫，因为想得到“bark”或“miaow’这样的迎接方式，但是他养了一条鱼，可知他得到的迎接方式是“气泡”，故选A。
【跟踪训练】
（一）
Mr. Black was once a policeman. He was a kind person. He liked to have a walk 1 the park after breakfast.
It was very cold on a winter morning. Mr. Black was walking along the street when he heard a cry for help. He turned around but could see nobody. He stopped and looked here and there. At the moment, a boy 2 to him. The boy was so hurry 3 he couldn’t say a word except pointing towards the river. Mr. Black realized what had happened and ran to the river as soon as possible. 4 of them ran along the river and saw a girl in the water. She 5 a piece of wood. It was carrying her away. It was too 6 .
Without a word, Mr. Black took off his clothes as 7 as he could, and jumped into the river. He 8 to the girl and took her back near the bank and lifted the girl up, and then the boy helped pull her out of the water. Then they stopped a car and took the girl to the 9 . At last the girl’s life was saved, and she 10
them very much.
1. A. in B. on C. at D. for
2. A. walked up B. looked out C. did D. ran up
3. A. so B. and C .that D. but
4. A. All B.Both C. Neither D. either
5. A. was holding B. was seeing C. is taking D. is pushing
6. A. heavy B. exciting C. dangerous D. interesting
7. A. slowly B. carefully C. quickly D. quietly
8. A. swam B. ran C. flew D. walked
9. A. house B. school C. park D. hospital
10. A. thanks B. thanking C. thanked D. thank
参考答案：1——5 ADCBA 6——10 CCADC
（二）
In Western countries, Christmas is a very important holiday. Actually, Christmas is the day for Christians (基督徒) to (1) the birth of Jesus Christ (耶稣基督), but now, Christmas is a common holiday for (2) people.
At Christmas, people will sing songs (3) the story of Jesus Christ. Children are especially happy, because they can enjoy a long holiday. Most (4) , they receive gifts from their parents and grandparents. When I was a child, I strongly believed that Santa Claus (圣诞老人) would give me a gift if I did (5) in the exams. Now I know that is only a story. (6) , the story can really bring joy to children. Some people make good (7) of the holiday and go on a trip. Traveling is a great way of relaxing, but most people stay at home with family to enjoy a (8) Christmas every year. Many people feel that Christmas
(9) family is no Christmas at all. I do hope that (10) in the world can have a pleasant and warm Christmas with those they love.
1．A. honor B. celebrate C. have D. remember
2．A. different B. every C. any D. most
3．A. about B. for C. who D. and
4．A. specially B. usefully C. specifically D. importantly
5．A. well B. good C. clever D. much
6．A. Therefore B. Then C. However D. And
7．A. study B. use C. research D. way
8．A. quiet B. excited C. happy D. sad
9．A. with B. no C. without D. for
10．A. somebody B. Everybody C. anybody D. nobody
参考答案：1—5．BDADA 6—10．CBACB
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