unit 4 the next step How to Conquer Long and Informative Reading Passages

课件32张PPT。How to Conquer Long and Informative Reading Passages南师附中
张春燕
2014-03-03Step OneReflections on Passage DDifficulties 读不进去
读不懂文意；理解不透作者意图，结果往往脱离主题
不会联系上下文理解文章，抓不住文章的主旨大意
词汇量不够；遇到生词会发憷；而熟词新意也不了解；只会盯住某一种意思，思路不开阔
复杂的长难句较多；不会分析句子结构，从而造成理解有误
阅读速度慢
缺乏相关文化背景知识
......
阅读理解题的命题特点和趋势1．词汇量逐年增大; 大幅度加大阅读量，在有限的时间内完成大量的阅读任务，提高了对速度的要求。另外，非考纲词汇也有所增加。
2．突出语篇，语篇结构较为复杂, 加入了从篇章结构到对深层次信息的考查力度。长难句明显增加。
3．题材、体裁多样化，选材更趋现代化、生活化、知识化，突出实用性与时代性。原汁原味地道的好文章。What should we do with "Authentic; Long; Informative; Complicated" passages?Get well-prepared!
Rise to the challenge!
You can get improved with the help of the following strategies! Step TwoReading Strategies
Aim: To shorten the passage and make the main information/idea stand out!Time: 4-5 minutes
Summarize the main point of each paragraph by underlining the most important sentence (They ususally appear ......).
Combine these main points into a short passage in your mind quickly and get the main point of the whole passage. P1: Mark Twain not only invented the American style novel, but also popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
......, 当之无愧另一个称号：让抨击种族主义的(黑色幽默)文学流行起来的第一人。
P2: Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales and drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story, which is different and clever.把他的矛头含蓄地藏在故事中，(表面上......)，用写实的手法吸引读者渐入佳境去体会他的深意。 P3: Twain was forced to deal with his stand on race, because his book was not considered as anti-slavery; people banned his book before and have attacked it recently.
吐温被迫处理种族问题（应对别人对他进行种族主义攻击） ...... 以前人们因为......禁这本书; 在最近，这本书因为......被抨击。
P4: It is silly of the people to attack Mark Twain; they miss the point and don't understand that the novel is strongly anti-slavery.
但这些攻击显然是不对的。这部小说其实有强烈反对奴隶制的意味。
Detail: Jim was a seccessful character in American literature because of two reasons. P5: There is much more. Another novel not only proved MT was anti-slavery but also challenged many liberals of his day.
还有更多东西说明马克吐温是反奴隶制的。他的另一部小说是对种族主义的一种挑战，甚至也挑战了那个时代所谓的自由主义者。
Infer: MT was ahead of his time on the issue of race and anti-slavery.
P6: Twain's point is stressed clearly in his novel, that is, nurture, not nature, was the key to social status, which shows he has no prejudice against slaves.
重点在于：是养育方式而非天性决定了社会地位, 这个高于时代的观点明确表明马克吐温对黑人没有歧视和偏见。 P7: Mark Twain's racial tone was not perfect, which caused a lot misunderstanding towards him and his novels.
马克吐温的种族观并非完美。...... 但这并不能说明他看黑人秀就代表他支持奴隶制。从他对奴隶制的频繁抨击中就可以看出这一点。
Detail: nigger shows
P8: “Was Twain a racist?” , this wise question makes people reach a positive and factual judgment based on his times, his family background, his literary contribution and his social influence.
马克吐温到底是种族主义者吗？综合考虑，答案还用说吗？
Detail 1: words and attitudes of the past VS moral judgements of the present;
Detail 2: Mark Twain VS Lincoln Conclude the main idea of the passageGetting Past Black and White
It took a writer as deft and daring as Twain to teach Americans some useful lessons about race.Though his most famous novel is criticized for being racist, Mark Twain himself, having no color prejudices, was not a racist, but depicted life in his times in a very clever way. Summarize the strategies P1: 删繁就简，得出主旨大意；关注文章逻辑。
长难句攻破：层层理清(定状补和插入成分)，直扑主干(主谓宾)，重点抓谓语动词，搞清长难句的核心结构和意思，
通过左顾右盼和参考上下文，猜出生词和短语意思(上下文肯定提供了同义词或反义词)；若不影响理解，有些生词可以忽略不计。Step ThreeDo The Questions4-5 Minutes
Step one: 判断题型；划关键词。Decide the style of the question and focus on the key words. (Details? Title? Main idea? Conclusion? Purpose? Inference? Implication? Genre? How to develop the passage? Sequence? Insertion? ... )
Step two: 返回原文，准确定位！GPS! Quickly go to where the target information is located.
Reread that section of the passage and refer to its context. Step three: 核对与原文是否表述同样的信息, 吻合的就是正确选项。And check the choices, asking yourself, "Right? Wrong? Not given? Not match."
Pay attention, "Right" doesn't necessaily mean it is the original sentence; most times, it is transformed. "Not Match" is asking you to pay close attention to the question!!!
If you still can't solve it, flag the question, pick an answer, and move on.Please spend 2 minutes reviewing your answers, based on the reading strategies and question-solving tips.D篇第65题: Stowe’s, differ, 文题顺序一致原则， These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. B 第66题，recent criticism, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn “More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.) D第67题，best , proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand “the novel is strongly anti-slavery”, The character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man， C 第68题，the two babies switched The point was difficult to miss: nurture, not nature, was the key to social status. C nurture 与brought up 同义替换，social status 与 social position 同义替换 第69题， they His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.， Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. D第70题, 主旨题 APractice10 minutes to finish a passage, implementing the strategies we have shared!Clues current socially acceptable
infer; definition
current violence
in the nineteenth century; except
pervasive
false; belives VS makes
polarizationCheck1-5CAACC 6-7 DCConclusion --- Practice, Practice, PracticeGetting good at Reading Comprehension is a habit. The drills will help lay the foundation for proper technique, but you’ll have to reread them from time to time to perfect your method.
A good command of the passage and its structure is the key to success on reading comprehension.