译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit1 Nature in the balance Welcome & Reading 语言点课件(共51张PPT)

(共51张PPT)
Unit 1 Nature in the balance
Welcome & Reading 语言点
flatter ourselves overmuch
on account of
each such victory
take its revenge on sb.
do much harm (to)
sound the alarm
be thankful to sb. for sth.
Welcome to the unit
我们不要过分陶醉
因为、由于（prep.)
每一次这样的胜利
报复某人
对......有害
发出警报
因某事对某人表示感谢
Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us.
—Friedrich Engels
但是，我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利，自然界都对我们进行报复。
——弗里德里希·恩格斯
Reading
The Amazon rainforeat: a natural treasure
1 The world we live in is full of natural wonders. The documentary script below describes the Amazon rainforest, which is home to a wide range of wildlife.
我们居住的世界充满自然奇迹。下面的纪录片脚本描绘了亚马逊热带雨林，各种各样野生动物的家园。
be full of natural wonders
the documentary script
be home to
a wide range of
充满自然奇迹
纪录片脚本
是......的家园、栖息地
各种各样的
2 Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.
欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。
a sea of
alive with
大片的，成片的；大量的
到处都是，充满着（活的或动的东西）
The house is alive with people. 屋里挤满人。
This lake is alive with fish. 这个湖里充满了鱼。
He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.
他往下看，看到一张张笑脸。
alive“活着的;有活力的”，可作表语、后置定语或补语。
living“活着的”，与 alive同义，可作表语或前置定语。
live“活的”，一般不指人，通常作前置定语;还可指“现场直播的”。
lively“充满活力的，生动有趣的”，可指人或物，作前置定语或表语。
【语境应用】
北京是个生机勃勃的城市。
2. 没有水，地球上将没有生物。
3. 我们不知道他是否还活着。
4. 无论发生什么，请保持希望。
Beijing is a lively city.前置定语
Without water, there will be no living things on earth. 前置定语
We don't know whether he is alive or not. 表语
Whatever happens, please keep your hope alive.
宾语补足语
The enemy officer was caught _________.
The ________ are more important to us than the dead.
Last night there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony_________ on TV.
Young children are usually ___________.
商店里到处都是五彩缤纷的装饰，我们都不知道先往哪里看。
译：The store ______ ______ ______ colorful decorations and we didn’t know where to look first.
请用 alive / live / lively / living / be alive with填空
alive
living
live
lively
was alive with
3 As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
as 六种用法：① 做关系代词，引导定语从句；
② 做介词，“作为”“像”；③ 做连词，引导时间状语从句；
④ 做连词，引导原因状语从句；⑤ 做连词，引导让步状语从句；⑥ 做副词，固定搭配 as...as... 中的第一个as。
Tired as she is, she stayed up late.
He was absent, as is often the case.
This is the same watch as I lost yesterday.
You love him as much as I.
You love him as much as me.
as much as I love him.
as much as you love me.
play a significant role in 在......中起重要作用
He was invited to play a role in this TV play.
他被邀请在这个电视剧里扮演一个角色。
maintain the balance of 保持......的平衡
Mankind have been trying every means to maintain the balance of nature.
人类采用一切手段保持生态平衡。
4 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.
亚马逊雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。
cross into 横跨
all on the South American continent 是什么结构？
构成：名词、代词 + 介词短语、非谓语、adj. 或 adv.
独立主格结构 :
名词、代词 + 介词短语、非谓语、adj. 或 adv.
1 独立主格结构的 逻辑主语 与句子的主语不同，它 独立存在。
2 名词或代词 与 后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语 之间 存在逻辑上的 主谓关系。
3 独立主格结构 一般 用 逗号与 句子分开，与 句子之间不用任何连接词。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back.
他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.
士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
The old woman sat down, tears still on her cheeks.
老太太坐了下来，面颊上还带有泪。
We walked out, one behind the other.
我们一个接一个地走了出来。
A girl came in, book in hand.
一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。
“名词、代词 + 介词短语”形式的独立主格结构，在句中做状语。
The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.
逻辑主语是V-ing 动作的发出者。
The job finished, we went home.
Good-bye said, he went home.
逻辑主语是V-ed 动作的承受者。
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next day.
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
该独立主格结构相当于 条件状语从句
该独立主格结构相当于 原因状语从句
5 With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马逊雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国的国土面积的一半还要大。
with an area of ... “面积为......”，做状语。
介词 with 表示 “具有”
注：倍数+ the + 名词 + of 倍数表达式
twice the popularity of;
four times the height of
A + 谓语动词 +
倍数+the height/weight/length/size of
倍数+as +adj/adv(long/high/large)+ as
(n-1)倍数+adj/adv的比较级 than …
倍数的表达方式：
地球是月球的49倍。
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
The earth is 49 times as large as the moon.
The earth is 48 times larger than the moon.
6 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6400 kilometres in length---roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马逊雨林得名于亚马逊河，亚马逊河长约6400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。
be close to （时间、空间）接近、几乎
in length 在长度上
The room is 15 feet in length and 10 feet in width.
这房间长15英尺，宽10英尺。
Roughly speaking, I would say that about100 people attended the exhibit.
There were roughly 200 people there.
粗略地说来，我想大约有100人参观了展览。
那里大约有两百人。
介词+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句
用 which 还是 whom 取决于先行词是 物 还是 人。
用什么介词取决于先行词的意义和定语从句中谓语动词的搭配以及介词+which、whom 在从句中的作用。
Nearby were two ships in which they had come to the island.
I can't remember the name of the person to whom I gave the money.
The earth on which we live is a planet.
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the League.
Is there any reason for which you should have a holiday
7 On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems.
这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。
8 They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
他们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知物种，都可以在这里找到。
on earth = on the earth
on earth 在地球上，究竟
on the earth 在地球上
If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth.
大气中如果没有氧和氮，人就无法生存于地球了。
on earth有三层含义和用法：
第一种意思是“到底”或“究竟”，置于 what，when等疑问词之后，以加强问句的语气。
例如：What on earth is it？这到底是什么东西？
第二种意思是“当今”或“世界上”，用于最高级之后，以加强语气。
例如：He said，“I'm the happiest man on earth．”
他说： “我是世界上最幸福的人。”
第三种意思是“一点儿也不”，用于否定词之后，
以加强否定的语气。
例如：It's no use on earth．
这一点儿也没有用。
one in ten “十分之一” ; 也可以 one out of ten
分数的表达方式：
分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。
基数词作分子，序数词作分母。
除了分子是“1”外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。
例如：3/4 three fourths 或 three quarters，
24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths。
当分数后面接名词时，
如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。
例如： 1 1/2 hours 一个半小时
（读作 one and a half hours）
known species 已知 物种
注：过去分词做前置定语，
如 an honored guest ； an injured worker
9 Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.
在人类已知的39万种植物物种中，在亚马逊可以找到4万多种。
known to sb. 充当 species 的后置定语
be known to sb. 为（被）某人所知
be known for sth. 因为某事而出名
be known as 被称为......；作为......而出名
10 This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on.
这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。
be + adj. + enough to do sth. 足够做某事
He is old enough to join the army.
lie down on sth. 躺在......之上
比较：
These water lilies are big enough to lie down on.
These soldiers are tired enough to lie down.
brazil
nut
tree
brazil
nut
11 The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。最底层是地下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
variety n. 不同种类
[U]变化，多样性 [C] 变种，变体
a (wide/great/large)variety of 各种各样的
=various = all kinds/ sorts of
a variety of+n复+v复 各种各样的
the variety of+n复+v单 …的品种
various adj. 各种各样的
vary vi. 变化；改变；相异
vary in 在…方面不同
vary from…to… 从…到…之间 变化/不等
mass n. [C] 大量；许多，团；块；堆
massive adj. 巨大的；大量的；大规模的；大范围的；
the mass of 大多数 = the majority of
a mass of = masses of 许多, 大量
Above that is the mass of leaf litter ...
Above that位于句首，句子要完全倒装。
(谓语应与其后面的主语保持一致)
leaf litter 落叶层
12 The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都自成一个小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
be made up of
towering
be home to
由......组成；= consist of
adj. 高耸的
是......的家园
living things 生物
living adj. 活的，活着的
He is considered to be one of the greatest living writers.
他被认为是在世的最伟大的作家之一。
13 More than 1300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.
1300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的
植被中。
14 This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.
这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。
15 While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
while
a significant number of
survive
food chain
conj. 尽管= although
数量可观的
生存、幸存
食物链
a number of 加不同形容词来表示数量的多寡及程度。例如：
a significant number of
a small number of
a huge number of
尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。
survive vi. 生存，存活；继续存在（后接介词+宾语）
vt. 幸存；艰难渡过；比…活（存在）的时间长
survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存[U];残余物；幸存物[C]
She survived a serious operation.
You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.
We cannot survive for long without food and drink.
She survived her husband by ten years.
vt.
vi.
vi.
vt.
16 They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
它们捕食的物种至少87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。
美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
feed on 以......为食； 用 ... 喂养； 靠吃 ... 过活；
What do you feed the poultry on
你们用什么饲料喂养家禽
Birds feed on worms and grains.
鸟以虫和谷物为食。
in turn
依次；轮流；反之；反过来
She asked the same question of everyone in turn.
她依次向每一个人问同样的问题。
The girls called out their names in turn.
那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。
副词性质，在句中做状语，可以与 by turns 替换
They were turns to be on the night shift.
他们轮流做夜班。
They turns in nursing his sister.
他们轮流照顾他的妹妹。
taking
took
take turns to do sth. / take turns in doing sth.
轮到某人做某事了
It's one's turn to do sth.
an army of
一大批, 一大群
a tiny army of 一小批
break down (车)抛锚, (物质)分解, (政府)垮台, (计划)失败, (组织)瓦解, (人)非常悲伤, (身体)垮了, (和谈)中断
The machine must break down at this busy hour.
正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。
He finally broke down under the four-hour's strain.
在四小时的压力下他终于支持不了。
break through 突破
break away (from...) 逃脱；脱离
break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束
Jaguars
87 species, including frogs
Leaves and fruit
Microorganisms
feed on
break down
feed on
feed on
nutrient
Para. 4
Insects
Circular
/ s kj l (r)/
循环的
Complete the following chart about the food chain in the rainforest.
giving an example
17 The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen.
Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.
亚马逊雨林通过固定碳，并生成占全球总量20%的氧气，来为地球注入活力。因此，它也常常被称为“地球之肺”。
breathe life into
给......带来起色，注入活力
We need some new people to breathe life into this project.
我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。
His enthusiasm breathed new life into the company.
他的热情给公司注入了新的生命。
thus 词性？词义？
adv. 这样；如此；因此；从而
He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.
他忘了打开收音机，因此错过了那个节目。
thus在句中用作状语,常修饰整个句子,可用在句首、句中或句末,也可用在系动词或助动词的后面。
be known as
=be considered as; be recognised as
as 后接什么名词？
接 表示 “角色”或“身份”的名词
be known to 为某人所熟知...
be known for 因 ... 而众所周知...
He is well known fair dealing.
他以平等待人著称。
for
18 Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.
此外，亚马逊雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。
moreover
yet
adv. 此外；而且= in addition; what's more; besides
adv. 还；已经；仍然
conj. 然而；但是
I don't want to go skating and, moreover, the ice is too thin.
我不想去滑冰，再说，冰也太薄了。
Great progress has been made, yet much still remains to be done.
已经取得了很大进步，但是仍有许多事情有待去做。
He can't drive yet. 他还不会开车。
Has Sally arrived Not yet.? 萨莉来了吗 还没有。
The boy is so fat and yet he runs very fast.
这男孩很胖,但却跑得很快。
be used for sth. /doing sth.
be used to do sth.
be ued to doing sth.
used to do sth.
被用来 做......
被用来 做......
习惯于 做......
过去常常做......
I play basketball after school.
They working hard.
Plastic make bags.
used to
are used to
is used to
place
replace
replaceable
irreplaceable
19 Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17% 的雨林已经消失了。
over the past / last + 时间段 搭配 现在完成时
has disappeared 用has（三单）取决于 rainforest ， 而不是17 percent
due to prep. 由于，因为，
相当于 because of; owing to ; thanks to ;
on account of ; as a result of
due adj. 应有的，正当的；预期的，预计的；到期的
He got his due reward.
他得到了应得的报酬。
The rent is due tomorrow.
明天该付房租了。
The boat is due to arrive at 12.
船预计在12点到。
20 As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
impact n. 影响、作用
对......有影响 。
impact vi. 也可用 impact on
leave vt. 造成，使留下
常用 be left with 表达 “ ”
damage vt. 损害，损坏，损伤
n. 常用短语 do/ cause damage sth.
have an impact on...
留下、留给......
to
in danger
in danger of
处在危险中、濒危
处在......的危险中
extinct adj. 灭绝的 extinction n.
afford to do 承担得起，常与can、could、be able to 连用
Thank you for your support.