2023年中考英语拔高练习（5）（含答案及解析） -

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2023年中考拔高练习（5）
一、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Much of what we know and believe has been taught to us by others.We often(1) information without spending much time thinking it over ourselves.
Nowadays，we are(2)with lots of different ideas and beliefs（信念），but many of them are often contradictory（自相矛盾的）.Psychologists tell us that if we(3) a specific belief enough times，or if it comes from someone we(4)，we will probably decide that the belief is(5).In these cases，we base our opinions on the opinions of(6).If we don't come to our own conclusions，we become(7) more than parrots.
Some people believe(8)they read and then share the story on the Internet without thinking about the(9).All it takes is one quick click of the "(10)"button and the story travels on its way to(11) more unthinking readers.This can cause(12) problems.
If we think more about what we see and try to(13)our own opinions，we will be more thoughtful，independent and creative.But(14)of us take the time to do this.Becoming aware（意识到的）of this fact is the first step toward changing our behavior.Hopefully，we can learn to judge （判断）(15) we read and hear on our own and make more reasonable（合理的）decisions.
1. A. accept B. give C. refuse D. explore
2. A. dealt B. compared C. presented D. agreed
3. A. think out B. hear about C. catch up D. hang out
4. A. respect B. forget C. dislike D. doubt
5. A. false B. deep C. fool D. true
6. A. others B. other C. other's D. another
7. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
8. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whoever
9. A. authors B. covers C. letters D. facts
10. A. back B. top C. share D. bottom
11. A. waste B. push C. influence D. challenge
12. A. serious B. small C. magic D. strange
13. A. lend B. form C. hit D. move
14. A. many B. none C. all D. few
15. A. how B. when C. what D. why
二、阅读理解（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
A
Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you, and self-driving cars will find the nearest parking space themselves Although it might sound a little far from you, living in a "smart" city like this could happen sooner than you think.
Great changes have taken place in towns that we have lived in for centuries, while completely new cities are being built. One such place is the city of Songdo. Every home there will have a "telepresence system"(远程遥控系统)—allowing users to control the heating and locks, take part in video meetings, and receive education, healthcare and government services. Around the city, escalators(自动扶梯) will only move when someone is on them, and offices and schools will all be connected to the system.
The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco. In fact, technology companies around the world such as IBM, Siemens and Microsoft are already in the business.
About 75% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050, so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems. "Making cities smarter is one way out, and I think this will in turn make cities greener," said Dan Hill, head of a research company.
16. According to the text, living in a "smart" city ______.
A. is not a green way B. will be far from you
C. will soon become true D. is completely impossible
17. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. A city of the future. B. A meeting in Songdo.
C. A plan to build a house. D. A report on public health.
18. Which company offers the great mind to build Songdo
A. Cisco. B. IMB. C. Siemens. D. Microsoft.
19. Dan Hill thinks that making cities smarter is one way to _______.
A. drive people out of cities
B. control the world's population
C. develop his own company
D. solve the cities' coming problems
20. Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A. Future Education B. Smart Cities
C. Government Services D. Famous Companies
三、信息匹配（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)（美国国家航空航天局）will start a new search for astronauts to go on future space tasks. This is part of their plan to get people living on Mars within the next 20 years. (21)
You ve got to be smart.
In order to be an astronaut, you have to study subjects like science, maths or engineering at university, so that you can do experiments（实验）in space and then send back the results to scientists on the Earth. (22)
You ve got to be physically strong.
Living in space may cause all kinds of problems for the human body. (23) After five months in space above the Earth, an astronaut would typically lose as much as 40% of muscle（肌肉）. Astronauts have to exercise in space to keep their muscle active.
During blast-off（发射，升空）, astronauts can experience great force of gravity pressing down on them. (24)
You ve got to be brave.
Spacemen and spacewomen have to go through some very hard training before they become astronauts. Scientists have to be sure that the trainee is strong enough both physically and mentally（精神上）to live and work in space. (25) As part of their job, astronauts might need to go to new places which humans have never been to before, so they need to be brave.
A．For example, you may lose some of your muscle.B．They may get lonely when they are far away from their family, so they have to be mentally strong.C．So what does it take to be an astronaut D．It is looking for men and women between 157 cm and 190.5 cm.E．A good education（教育）also helps astronauts understand how to fix things in the spaceship.F．They have to be physically strong to deal with this.G．Muscle is very important for the human body.
21. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
22. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
23. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
24. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
25. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
1~15.【答案】A、C、B、A、D、A、C、B、D、C、C、A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）A.动词辨析。A.accept接收；B.give给予；C.refuse拒绝；D.explore开发；由下文without spending much time thinking it over ourselves，可知是accept，主观地接受。句意，我们经常接受信息而不花很多时间思考它。故选：A。
（2）C.动词辨析。A.dealt处理；B.compared对比；C.presented呈现；D.agreed同意；be presented with，面对，拥有，呈现。句意，我们被呈现了许多不同的想法和信仰，但其中很多往往是相互矛盾的。故选：C。
（3）B.动词短语辨析。A.think out仔细考虑；B.hear about听说；C.catch up赶上；D.hang out闲逛；分析下文逻辑可知，听说多次，慢慢就会认为信念的准确性；且下文提到了观点是建立在其他人之上。句意，心理学家告诉我们，如果我们多次听到一个特定的信念，或者它来自我们尊敬的人，我们很可能会决定这个信念是正确的。故选：B。
（4）A.动词辨析。A.respect尊重；B.forget忘记；C.dislike不喜欢；D.doubt怀疑；分析上下文逻辑可知，来自尊重的人说过多次，且下文提到了观点是建立在其他人之上。句意，如果我们多次听到一个特定的信念，或者它来自我们尊敬的人，我们很可能会决定这个信念是正确的。故选：A。
（5）D.形容词辨析。A.false错误的；B.deep深的；C.fool蠢的；D.true真的；由上题分析可知，信念的准确性，可用true来表示；且下文提到了观点是建立在其他人之上。句意，如果我们多次听到一个特定的信念，或者它来自我们尊敬的人，我们很可能会决定这个信念是正确的。故选：D。
（6）A.代词辨析。A.others其他；B.other其他的；C.other's结构错误；D.another另一个；用others，指代other people，其他的人。句意，在这种情况下，我们的观点是建立在别人的观点之上的。故选：A。
（7）C.代词辨析。A.everything一切；B.anything任何事；C.nothing没有；D.something某事；句意，如果我们不能得出自己的结论，我们就会变成鹦鹉学舌。故选：C。
（8）B.引导词辨析。A.however然而；B.whatever无论什么；C.wherever无论哪里；D.whoever无论谁；用whatever，作read的宾语，无论读什么。句意，有些人相信他们所读到的一切，然后在互联网上分享这个故事，而不考虑事实。故选：B。
（9）D.名词辨析。A.authors作者；B.covers覆盖；C.letters信；D.facts事实；这里用facts来对应上文提到的the story。句意，有些人相信他们所读到的一切，然后在互联网上分享这个故事，而不考虑事实。故选：D。
（10）C.名词辨析。A.back后面；B.top顶；C.share共享；D.bottom底下；the share button，指电脑或手机上的分享按钮。句意，只需快速点击一下"分享"按钮，故事就会以自己的方式影响更多没有思想的读者。故选：C。
（11）C.动词辨析。A.waste浪费；B.push推；C.influence影响；D.challenge挑战；上文提到了分享给其他人，所以这里是会影响其他人。句意，只需快速点击一下"分享"按钮，故事就会以自己的方式影响更多没有思想的读者。故选：C。
（12）A.形容词辨析。A.serious严肃的；B.small小的；C.magic魔力的；D.strange陌生的；结合上文的句意，可知盲目转发别人的观点，会造成严重的问题。句意，这可能会导致严重的问题。故选：A。
（13）B.动词辨析。A.lend借；B.form形成；C.hit撞击；D.move移动；form our own opinions，形成某人自己的观点。句意，如果我们更多地思考我们所看到的，并试图形成我们自己的观点，我们就会更有思想，更独立，更有创造力。故选：B。
（14）D.代词辨析。A.many许多；B.none没有；C.all所有；D.few一些；few of us，我们当中很少有人。这里none of us也可以，但是太绝对，不是没有一个人，而是少有人这么去做，较符合逻辑。句意，但很少有人会花时间这样做。故选：D。
（15）C.疑问副词辨析。A.how怎么样；B.when何时；C.what什么；D.why为什么；用what作read的宾语。句意，希望我们能学会自己判断我们所读到和听到的，并做出更合理的决定。故选：C。
文章讲述了一个当今的普通现象，那就是我们很多人都是被动地接受信息而不是花时间去思考它，然后又在没有加以判断的情况下直接共享给了其他人。
首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
16~20.【答案】C、A、A、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍未来的智慧城市。
1. 根据第一段Although it might sound a little far from you, living in a "smart" city like this could happen sooner than you think.（虽然这听起来可能离你有点远，但生活在这样一个“智能”城市可能会比你想象的更快实现。）可知，住在“智慧”城市很快就能实现。故选C。
2. 第二段主要介绍了未来的智慧城市——韩国的松岛新城以及它的远程遥控系统的应用。故选A。
3. 根据第三段The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco.可知，松岛市背后的伟大理念来自Cisco公司。故选A。
4. 根据最后一段...so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems. "Making cities smarter is one way out...," said Dan Hill, head of a research company.可知，Dan Hill认为打造智慧城市是解决即将面临的城市问题的方法之一。故选D。
5. 本文第一段讲述智慧城市很快就会到来；第二段列举了一个智慧城市——松岛市；第三段讲述各大科技都在着手打造未来的智慧城市；最后一段讲述智慧城市的好处。因此，本文主要介绍了未来的智慧城市，B选项“智慧城市”可作为本文的标题。故选B。
21~25.【答案】C、E、A、F、B
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