北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 10 Connections Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We 过去时中的被动语态课件（31张PPT）

(共31张PPT)
GRAMMAR-过去时中的被动语态
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①The concept was first talked about as longago as in the 1920s.
②In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically...
③Once the parcel had been received by thisperson,he /she would send the parcel ontoa contact of theirs until the parcel could bepersonally delivered to the correct person.
④Its name was used as the title of a play andthen a film.5
⑤Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
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发现
(1)一般过去时的被动语态是由“________________________________________”构成。
(2)过去完成时的被动语态是由“________________________________________”构成。
(3)过去进行时的被动语态是由“________________________________________”构成。
was / were +动词ed形式
had been+动词ed形式
was / were being +动词ed形式
一、概述
语态是用来说明主语和谓语动词所表示的动作之间关系的一种动词形式，英语谓语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或行为的主体，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者或动作所指向的对象
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时态/ 形式 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
一般过去时 主语+was/ were +动词ed形式 主语+was/ were +not+动词ed形式 Was/ Were+主语+动词ed形式
过去进行时 was/ were being+动词ed形式 was/ were being+not+动词ed形式 Was/ Were +主语+being+动词ed形式
过去完成时 主语+had been+动词ed形式 主语+had been+not+动词ed形式 Had+主语+been+动词ed形式
二、构成
将下列句子改为被动语态
①I was practicing my oral English at 8:00 yesterday evening.
→My oral English___________________________________at 8:00 yesterday evening.
②She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
→We___________________________________________________by her and we were able to find it easily.
③The dog bit her on the leg when she was catching it on the road.
→She __________________________________________on the leg when she was catching it on the road.
were being practiced
had been broken into
his key had been left
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④Somebody had broken into the room beforewe came.
→The room _________________________________before we came.
⑤She was writing a letter last night.But Id on't know whether she has finished it or not.
→A letter______________________________ by her last night.But I don't know whether she has finished it or not.
⑥Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house,for he had left his key at school.
→Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn't enter the house,for _____________________________________at school.
had been broken into
was being written
his key had been left
三、用法
1.一般过去时的被动语态
(1)过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，无需说明动作执行者时。
Paper was first invented in China.
纸最初是在中国被发明的。
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(2)需要突出或强调过去动作的承受者；或者既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者。
The song was composed by a student.这首歌是一名学生写的。
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(3)当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。
The roof was covered with a layer of snow.
屋顶被一层雪覆盖着。
2.过去进行时的被动语态
表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。
The feast was being prepared when it began to snow outside.
宴会正在准备之中，这时外边下起了雪。
He said many activities were being planned for the celebration of the company's 60th anniversary.
他说为纪念公司成立60周年，许多活动都在筹划中。
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Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday
昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？
The man was being questioned by the police at that time.
那个人当时正在接受警察的盘问。
3.过去完成时的被动语态
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有打扫完。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？
(2)remind，report，tell，say，know，hear，think等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
有人提醒那个男孩他的家庭作业还没有交。
The media reported that more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
据媒体报道，有1，000多人在地震中丧生。
(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
As the assignment had been done he went on to search the Internet.
任务完成后，他继续在因特网上搜索。
He did what he had been told to.
他做了别人叫他做的事。
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【点津】当从句由after，before，when或as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
When he arrived,he was called to the manager's office.
他一到就被叫到经理办公室。
They locked the door before they were ordered to leave.
他们在被命令离开前把门锁上了。
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单句语法填空
①Steam engines_______________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
②Everythingh_________________________(get)ready by the time they arrived.
③The boy ___________________________(notice)stealing a bike by the police,so he was taken to the police station.
were used
had been gotten
had been noticed
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④This issue _____________________________(discuss)at this moment yesterday by the company's managers.
⑤What little money he did have ________________________(spend)on a record selected with extreme care which became,to his way of thinking,a possession close to his heart.
was being discussed
was spent
辨析比较 过去进行时的被动语态/一般过去时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某段时间内正在进行的被动动作，一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。
The farmer said the policemen came to their rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm.
这个农民说，他们被困在暴风雪中时，警察及时赶来救了他们。
He spared no effort to prepare himself for the college entrance exam,and finally he was admitted to the university he had been dreaming of.
他不遗余力地为高考做准备，最终他被他一直梦想的大学录取了。
语法填空
He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he__________________________________(follow).
【答案解析】was being followed。此处表示过去某段时间内正在进行的某一被动动作，且主语为he，故填was being followed。
was being followed
辨析比较 过去完成时的被动语态/现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。
Many words have been added to this edition ofthe dictionary.
这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。
The professor was very delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.
教授非常高兴地发现，学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。
语法填空
①Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who___________________(cheat)of her money.
【答案解析】①.had been cheated。根据语境可知，老妇人被骗是在琼斯产生这一想法之前发生的，表示在过去发生的事情之前发生，应用过去完成时；关系词who指代an elderly lady，和动词cheat之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。
had been cheated
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②I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan______________________( carry)out in the past twoyears.
②.had been carried。由句中的时间状语last month和in the past two years可知，how引导的宾语从句用过去完成时，且plan与carry out是动宾关系，所以填had been carried。.
had been carried
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③Travelling toconferences,lectures,workshops,and the like -frequently by plane-_____________________(view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3.has been viewed/is viewed。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语部分，句子的主语为动名词短语＂Travelling to..，.and the like＂，表示单数概念，与view为动宾关系；再结合语境可知，此处可表示已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作或现在的情况，故填has been viewed /is viewed
has been viewed / is viewed
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