外研版 必修三Module 3 The Violence of Nature知识点课件（52张ppt)

(共52张PPT)
学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养 　
2019·浙江6月高考·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
?好题不厌百回做，每做一次都有新发现
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The number of trees ...declined by 50 percent ... more than 55 percent ...75 percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。
答案：A　
2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，声势浩大的野外火灾控制措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树竞争资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D。
答案：D　
3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C。
答案：C　
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
解析：标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。
答案：A　
?文本精读固基础，高考强调基础扎实
(一)由文本积阅读词汇
1．decline v．　　　　　　 ____________
2．unaffected adj. ___________
3．ecologist n. _________
4．target v. __________________
5．aggressive adj. ____________
6．document v. ____________
7．evident adj. ____________________
8．shortage n. _____
9．calculate vt. ______
10．timing n. ____________________
下降；减少
未受影响的
生态学家
以……为攻击目标
声势浩大的
记录，记载
清楚的，显而易见的
短缺
计算
定时；时间的选择
C
A
E
C
(三)由文本积主题词块
1．climate change _________
2．two feet across ___________
3．housing development ___________
4．figure out _______
5．a computer model ________________
6．in comparison with ____________
7．take into account _______
8．drive up _______________
气候变化
直径两英尺
房地产开发
计算出
一个计算机模型
与……相比
考虑到
使上升，抬高
(四)用文本词汇替换黑体词汇
1．The road from our house to the school is only one lane wide ( )．
2．Such a war could result in ( ) the use of chemical and biological weapons.
3．We can find out ( ) how much money is spent on food in any given period.
across
contribute to
figure out
(五)在语境中悟微点语法
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.
分析：句中the number of (……的数量)＋可数名词_____＋_____谓语。
[对点练]　单句语法填空
①The number of graduates in our university this year ___ (be) 2,000.
②During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _____________ (increase) sharply.
has increased
is
复数
单数
(六)在语境中赏表达之美
1．(赏结构之美)Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
赏析：此句虽然看起来冗长，但是逻辑清晰、结构紧凑、表意清晰。句中_____连接并列名词短语rising temperatures和earlier snowmelt，即自20世纪30年代以来，造成该州水资源紧张的两个最大因素。两个名词短语后分别用了非限制性定语从句对相应名词短语进行了补充说明。
and
[对点练——运用并列结构和定语从句合并句子]
①The two people had most influenced him in senior high school.
②His English teacher helped him make satisfactory progress in his English study.
③His good friend, Li Ming, had been a great help to him in his life.
→________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________　　
The two people who had most influenced him in senior high school are his
English teacher，who helped him make satisfactory progress in his English
study, and his good friend, Li Ming, who had been a great help to him in his life.
2．(赏用词之美)Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
赏析：本句中使用aggressive这个褒贬倾向兼具的词汇隐晦地表达了作者对野火控制措施的不认可， crowded则形象描述了加州森林长满了小树的情景，compete又形象地描述了小树与大树争夺资源的关系。
3．(赏意境之美)No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.
赏析：此句运用from ...to ...to ...以及双重否定表达(No area was spared or unaffected)强调的写作手法把“美国加州的森林中大树急剧减少”这一令人担忧的具体情形描述的情景交融。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（三）”
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