人教版（2019）必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元词汇、句型、语法、题型完美精练（含答案）

Unit 4 Space Exploration
Part One 词汇句式一遍过
I. 阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思
1. solar adj. ____________
2. universe n. ____________
3. giant adj. ____________ n. ____________
4. oxygen n. ____________
5. monitor n. ____________ vt. ____________
6. agency n. ____________
7. transmit vt. & vi. ____________
8. data n.[pl.] ____________
9. spacecraft n. ____________
10. current adj. ____________ n. ____________
11. sufficient adj. ____________
12. facility n. ____________
13. pattern n. ____________
14. high-end adj. ____________
II. 核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词
1. ____________ n.宇航员；太空人
2. ____________ n.重力；引力
3. ____________ n.人造卫星；卫星
4. ____________ vt. & n.发射；发起；上市
5. ____________ n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
6. ____________ vt.回收利用；再利用
7. ____________ n.肌肉；实力；影响力
8. ____________ n.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏
9. ____________ vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流
10. ____________ adv.否则；要不然
11. ____________ prep.在更远处；超出
12. ____________ adj.热衷的；渴望的
13. ____________ adj.致命的；灾难性的
14. ____________ adj.肤浅的；浅的
15. ____________ n.资源；财力；物力
16. ____________ vt.系；绑；贴
III. 拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词
1. mental adj.精神的；思想的→____________ adv.精神上，智力上
2. intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→____________ n.智慧，智力
3. determine vt.查明；确定；决定→____________adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→____________ n.决心
4. disappoint vt.使失望→____________adj.失望的；沮丧的→____________ n.失望→____________ adj.令人失望的
5. independent adj.独立的；自立的→____________ adv.独立地；自立地→____________ n.独立
6. globe n.地球；世界；地球仪→____________ adj.全球的
7. argue vt. & vi.论证；争辩；争论→____________ n.争论；争吵；论点
8. analyse vt.分析，解析→____________ n.(pl. analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果
9. regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→____________ adv.经常；定期地
10. limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→____________ adj.有限的→____________ adj.无限的
IV. 重点短语英汉互译
(i) 课内基础达标
1. ____________继续做，坚持干
2. ____________在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3. ____________抱着……的希望
4. ____________为了；以便
5. ____________提供某人生活所需；供养某人
6. ____________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
7. ____________最后
8. promote technological improvement ____________
9. the secrets of the universe ____________
10. a shallow view ____________
11. result in ____________
12. run out ____________
(ii) 课外拓展延伸
1. ____________下定决心做某事
2. ____________使某人感到(非常)失望的是
3. ____________示意某人做某事
4. ____________因缺乏……
5. ____________认为……非常有意义
6. give out ____________
7. result from ____________
8. go on board ____________
9. argue for/against sth____________
10. beyond expectation ____________
V. 经典句式过关练
(i) 课内基础达标——补全句子
1. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。(make sb＋adj.)
These disasters ________________________, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
2. 把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。(be＋adj./n.＋to do sth)
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system ________________________.
3. 睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己固定在某物上，以防止四处飘荡。(状语从句的省略)
____________, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
4. 后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。(不定式作后置定语)
Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin ________________________.
(ii) 课外拓展延伸——补全句子
1. 当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。(disappointment)
As the twins ________________________, their father appeared.
2. 年轻人追求更好生活的愿望更强烈，也更善于利用互联网寻找商机。(desire)
Young people ________________________ and are more skilled in using the Internet to look for business opportunities.
3. 在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。(run out)
In the future, care for the environment will become very important as ________________________.
4. 由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚的数量变得越来越少。(lack)
________________________, the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
Part Two 核心考点基础练
I. 词形变化练
1. Because of their small size and weight, they cannot ________ (recycle).
2. It is ________ (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn’t necessarily mean happiness.
3. There is no denying that China’s economy plays an important role in the ________ (globe) economy.
4. We prefer to describe emotional ________ (intelligent) as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
5. We headed to the bar, ________ (signal) to the girl that she could take part in the campaign ________ (launch) by the company.
6. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, ________ (independent), confidence and competence.
7. ________ (limit) though time was, they managed to achieve much after taking a series of measures.
8. By taking exercise ________ (regular), I have grown healthy not only physically, but also mentally (mental) in the past few years.
II. 固定用法练
1. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen ________ anything that is Chinese.
2. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was ________ our range, so we declined.
3. The workers were not better organized，otherwise they ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time.
4. We must carry ________ till success in spite of various challenges and difficulties.
5. Mary, my best friend, is one of the students who ________ (choose) to attend the international meeting on behalf of our country.
6. In a word, I can introduce Chinese painting to our guests while ________ (offer) them guidance.
7. Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result ________ obesity.
8. ________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
Part Three高考题型强化练
I. 阅读理解
A
Have you ever noticed that the stars sometimes appear brighter in December, January and February There’s a link between cold air and the night lights. “Part of the reason is that it tends to be drier in the winter,” said Diane Turnshek, an astronomer at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Even though it’s invisible, moisture (水分) can change the way light moves through the air. And in the summer, moisture can make stars appear more dull.
Air temperature is also what puts the twinkle in the little stars. “Even on very clear nights, some of the atmosphere is cooler, and some of the atmosphere is warmer,” said Turnshek, who also works with the Allegheny Observatory. And when the light from a star passes through those bubbles of varying temperatures, they bend and shift the light, so that we are seeing stars appear to dance or twinkle, she said.
For star lovers in the United States, there’s another factor that comes into play for bright winter stars, although this is a matter of coincidence. During Earth’s journey around the sun, “there are just simply more bright stars visible from the Northern Hemisphere in the winter sky,” Turnshek said. If you really want to see a shiny star, just try to find a burning ball of gas called Sirius near the horizon. At 8.6 light years away, Sirius is relatively close to Earth and the brightest star visible in the night sky. It is also large—nearly twice as big as our sun and 20 times as bright as it. So this winter, when the world turns cold and it seems like we should be spending more time indoors, consider asking an adult to go exploring outside. With a warm coat and a clear sky, any night can be turned into a treasure hunt. All you have to do is look up.
1. What does the underlined word “dull” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. not shiny B. not exciting C. not severe D. not smart
2. How does air temperature influence the brightness of stars
A. By changing the bubbles around them.
B. By putting the twinkle in them.
C. By varying the direction of the light from them.
D. By making the stars dance and twinkle in the sky.
3. What do we know about Sirius
A. It can be found at any night.
B. It is 20 times as bright as the sun.
C. It is a burning and dull ball.
D. It is closer to Earth than other stars.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To advocate stargazing in winter.
B. To call on people to focus on stars.
C. To present new research results about stars.
D. To explain why stars are more visible in winter.
B
A 293-million-mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover (探测器)to Mars ended successfully on February 18, 2021, with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agency’s biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial (微生物的) life on Mars.
Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet’s gravitational(引力的) pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds，while its thin atmosphere—just 1 percent that of Earth’s—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.
The scientists had to reduce Percy’s 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be a precise 12 degrees—any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the “seven minutes of terror”.
Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.
The NASA scientists will spend the next two months testing Percy’s scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover will begin to carry out its mission.
“Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof,” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division. “While we’ll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples (样本) carry evidence that Mars once harbored life.”
5. What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars
A. The speed reduction.
B. The atmosphere analysis.
C. The location search.
D. The time management.
6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Ways to find the precise entry angle.
B. Consequences of wrong entry degree.
C. Factors to survive “the seven minutes”.
D. Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing.
7. What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 4
A. The spot. B. The area. C. The system. D. The surface.
8. What can be inferred from Lori Glaze’s words
A. Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.
B. Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.
C. Man still has a long way to go to prove life was on Mars.
D. Samples of Mars will be returned soon to our labs on the Earth.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Most of my life I had lived in a Black community. Neither of my __1__ had made it past middle school and I was the first in my family of three to ever set foot on a college campus.__2__, most of my peers came from generations of college-educated family and had grown up in __3__ suburbs. Instead of __4__ with others how I was feeling, I isolated myself and thought I could get through it if I just focused on __5__. During the weeks leading up to my sophomore year winter break, I finally decided I would __6__. Fortunately，that wasn’t the __7__ of the story. I found strength and guidance to continue through to graduation.
Social and psychological counseling gave me space to process my __8__. Volunteering work provided me a consistent reminder for __9__ I was in college. My interactions with students who __10__ me so much of my own friends back home inspired me to be __11__ to working for access to higher education for low-income youth. I __12__ got involved with a summer internship program, where I cooperated with some student leaders to start a conference to __13__ about issues of race.
Knowledge is empowering. I read books and __14__ chose courses to learn more about topics related to race. Most importantly, I was empowered with the knowledge I needed to work for justice and __15__.
1. A. brothers B. grandparents C. parents D. sisters
2. A. By contrast B. In reality C. As a result D. In brief
3. A. white B. black C. poor D. new
4. A. quarreling B. sharing C. comparing D. negotiating
5. A. researching B. exercising C. studying D. uniting
6. A. let out B. leave out C. give out D. drop out
7. A. end B. start C. plot D. climax
8. A. temper B. courage C. emotion D. awareness
9. A. when B. why C. how D. what
10. A. informed B. reminded C. convinced D. expected
11. A. reduced B. limited C. accustomed D. committed
12. A. also B. still C. ever D. again
13. A. dialogue B. chat C. joke D. protest
14. A. desperately B. carefully C. intentionally D. sensitively
15. A. prejudice B. equality C. freedom D. discrimination
Ⅲ. 语法填空
After traveling 1._________ space for seven months，China’s Tianwen-1 probe (探测器) has reached Mars and 2._________ (smooth) entered the orbit on February 10，2021，according to China National Space Administration. The administration also published a black-and-white picture of Mars taken by Tianwen-1 3._______ the probe was about 2.2 million kilometers from Mars.
The name “Tianwen”, 4.________ (borrow) from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the state of Chu, 5._________ (mean) “the quest for heavenly truth”.Tianwen-1, the country’s first 6._________ (independence) Mars mission (任务), was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket, by far the 7._________ (large) launch vehicle in China，from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province, on July 23, 2020.
The mission 8._________ (design) to study the composition of the Martian atmosphere as well as contribute to the ongoing search for past and present life.9._________ will be the first mission in space history to complete orbiting，landing and wandering at a time.The final goal is to soft-land a rover in May on the southern part of Mars’ Utopia Planitia 10._________ (conduct) scientific surveys.
答案部分
Part One 词汇句式一遍过
I. 阅读障碍词
1. 太阳的；太阳能的 2. 宇宙；天地万物 3. 巨大的；伟大的; 巨人；巨兽；伟人 4. 氧；氧气
5. 监视器；监测仪; 监视；监测；监控 6. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 7. 传输；发送
8. 资料；数据 9. 航天器；宇宙飞船 10. 前的；现在的; 水流；电流；思潮 11. 足够的；充足的 12. 设施；设备 13. 模式；图案；模范 14. 高端的
II. 核心四会词
1. astronaut 2. gravity 3. satellite 4. launch 5. desire 6. recycle 7. muscle 8. lack 9. float 10. otherwise 11. beyond 12. keen 13. fatal 14. shallow 15. resource 16. attach
III. 拓展延伸词
1. mentally 2. intelligence 3. Determined; determination 4. disappointed; disappointment; disappointing 5. independently; independence 6. global 7. argument 8. analysis 9. regularly 10. limited; limitless
IV. 重点短语英汉互译
(i)
1. carry on 2. on board 3. in the hope of doing sth 4. so as to (do sth) 5. provide for sb 6. figure out 7. in closing 8. 促进技术进步 9. 宇宙的秘密 10. 一个肤浅的观点 11. 导致；造成 12. 用完；耗尽
(ii)
1. be determined to do sth 2. (much) to one’s disappointment 3. signal (to) sb to do sth 4. for lack of 5. attach great importance/significance to 6. 用尽；用完 7. 由……造成；因……而产生 8. 上船/火车/飞机 9. 据理力争/反对某事 10. 出乎意料
V. 经典句式过关练
(i)
1. made everyone sad and disappointed
2. is not an easy goal to achieve
3. While sleeping
4. became the first person in the world to go into space
(ii)
1. looked around them in disappointment
2. have a stronger desire to pursue a better life
3. earth’s natural resources run out
4. For lack of human protection
Part Two 核心考点基础练
I. 词形变化练
1 be recycled 2 universally 3 global 4 intelligence 5 signaling; launched 6 independence 7 Limited 6 regularly
II. 固定用法练
1on 2beyond 3 would have accomplished 4 on 5 were chosen 6 offering 7 in 8 Learning
Part Three高考题型强化练
【语篇解读】你有没有注意到星星在12月、1月和2月显得更亮？本文从三个方面分析了冬天星星更亮的原因。
1. A。词句猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，冬天因天气干燥，星星显得更亮。夏天情况应与冬天相反，故此处表示在夏天，水分使星星看起来更“暗淡”。
2. C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“when the light...they bend and shift the light，so that we are seeing stars appear to dance or twinkle”可知，当光穿过不同温度的气泡时，光线会弯曲，故气温是通过改变光的方向来影响星星的亮度的。
3. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“20 times as bright as it”可知，天狼星的亮度是太阳的20倍。
4. D。推理判断题。根据第一段的首句并结合下文内容可知，本文介绍了冬天星星更亮的原因：水分、气温和地理位置的影响。
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情況。
5. A。细节理解题。根据第二段可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。
6. C。主旨大意题。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句“It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the ‘seven minutes of terror’”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知，该段主要介绍了“七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度，精确的切入角度。
7. B。词句猜测题。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map-reading system或the area。再结合句意“其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代该句中的“the area”。
8. C。推理判断题。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据，而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走。
【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者通过努力学习，获取知识为黑人争取正义和平等的故事。
1. C。根据下文中的“my family of three to ever set foot on a college campus”及语境可知，此处指作者的父母都没有读完中学。
2. A。根据上文中的“I was the first in my family of three to ever set foot on a college campus”和下文中的“most of my peers came from generations of college-educated family”可知，相比之下，作者的大多数同龄人都来自受过大学教育的家庭。
3. A。根据上文“Most of my life I had lived in a Black community.”及语境可推知，大多数作者的同龄人在白人的郊区长大。
4. B。根据下文中的“I isolated myself”及语境可知，作者将自己孤立出来，而不是和他人分享自己的感受。
5. C。根据语境可知，作者将自己孤立出来，认为只要专注于学习，就能克服它。
6. D。根据下文“I found strength and guidance to continue through to graduation.”及语境可推知，此处指作者最终打算辍学。
7. A。根据上文中的“Fortunately”和下文“I found strength and guidance to continue through to graduation.”及语境可知，幸运的是，这并不是故事的结局。
8. C。根据上文中的“Social and psychological counseling”及语境可知，社会和心理咨询给了作者处理情绪的空间。
9. B。根据下文中的“working for access to higher education for low-income youth”及语境可知，志愿者工作不断地提醒作者为什么上大学。
10. B。根据下文中的“of my own friends back home”可知，作者和学生们交流，他们使作者想起了家乡的朋友们。
11. D。根据上文中的“inspired me to be”及下文中的“to working for access to higher education for low-income youth”可知，此处指作者和学生们的交流激励作者致力于为低收入(家庭中)的青少年们提供接受高等教育的机会。be committed to意为“致力于”，符合语境。
12. A。根据下文中的“got involved with a summer internship program”及语境可知，作者也参与了暑期实习项目。
13. A。根据上文中的“start a conference to”及语境可知，作者与一些学生干部召开了一次关于种族问题的会议，发起了讨论。
14. C。根据下文中的“learn more about topics related to race”可知，作者有意地选择学习更多与种族主题相关的课程。
15. B。根据上文中的“about issues of race”和“work for justice”及语境可知，作者从争取正义和平等所需要的知识中获取了力量。
【语篇解读】本文介绍了“天问一号”的成功发射，还介绍了探测器的名称由来和发射目的等。
1. through/in。考查介词。根据空后的“space”可知，该处指“在太空中旅行”，故用介词through或者in。
2. smoothly。考查词性转换。副词修饰动词，空处修饰动词“entered”，故用smooth的副词形式。
3. when/as。考查状语从句。根据语境“中国国家航天局还公布了一张由‘天问一号’在距离火星约220万千米时拍摄的火星黑白照片”可知，空处引导时间状语从句，应用when/as作连接词，表示“在……时候”。
4. borrowed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。
5. means。考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子谓语，该句陈述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时；该句主语为The name “Tianwen”，为单数概念，故谓语动词用单数。
6. independent。考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词短语“Mars mission”，故用independence的形容词形式。
7. largest。考查比较等级。此处表示2020年7月23日，我国首个独立火星任务“天问一号”在海南省文昌航天发射中心由中国迄今为止最大的运载火箭长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空。根据空前的“by far the”可知，空处用最高级“largest”。
8. is designed/has been designed。考查时态语态和主谓一致。该句主语The mission和动词design之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句可以用一般现在时陈述当前客观事实，也可以用现在完成时强调设计此任务带来的影响或结果。
9. It。考查代词。结合语境可知，空处指代上句的主语“The mission”，故用It。
10. to conduct。考查非谓语动词。该句意为：该任务的最终目标是5月份在火星的乌托邦平原南部软着陆一辆火星车，以进行科学调查。空处应用动词不定式表示目的。