北师大版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 9 Learning同步练习（有解析）

《Unit 9 Learning》
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Robert Owen was born in Wales in 1771. At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(主管) at a Manchester cotton mill. He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.
When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2, 000 people. Nobody paid any attention to the workers' houses or their children's education. The conditions in the factories were very bad. There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.
Owen improved the houses. He encouraged people to be clean and save money. He opened a shop and sold the workers cheap, well-made goods to help them. He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks. Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's education. In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.
People came from all over the country to visit Owen's factory. They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better educated. Owen tried the same experiment in the United States. He bought some land there in 1825, but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.
Owen never stopped fighting for his idea. Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad. He was a practical man and his ideas were practical. "If you give people good working conditions," he thought, "they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people."
1. For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was ______.
A. improving worker's houses
B. helping people to save money
C. preventing men from getting drunk
D. providing the children with a good education
2. From the passage we may infer that Owen was born ______.
A. into a rich family B. into a noble family
C. into a poor family D. into a middle-class family
3. Owen's experiment in the United States failed because ______.
A. he lost all his money
B. he did not buy enough land
C. people who visited it were not impressed
D. it was too far away for him to organize it properly
4. We may infer from the passage that no children in Britain could enjoy free education until ______.
A. 1771 B. 1816 C. 1825 D. 1860
B
Do you want to improve the way you study？Do you feel nervous before a test？Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem.It seriously affects their ability to study,so do their test results.
If so,use these tips to help you.
●You should always study in the same place.You shouldn't sit in a position that you use for another purpose.For example,when you sit on a sofa to study,your brain will think it is time to relax.Don't watch TV while you are studying.Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way.Always try to have a white wall in front of you,so there is nothing to distract （make less concentrated） you.Before sitting down to study,gather together all the equipment you need.Apart from your textbooks,pens,pencils and knives,make sure you have a dictionary.If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying,store all your equipment in a box beside .
●Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface.Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees.
●Be realistic and don't try to complete too much in one study period.Finish one thing before beginning another.If you need a break,get up and walk around for a few minutes,but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
●All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test.Getting plenty of rest is very important.This means do not study all night before your test!It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan.Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.
●Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure.Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration.Eat healthy food too.
●When you arive in the examination room,find your scat and sit down.Breathe slowly and deeply.Check the time on the clock during the test,but not too often.Above all,take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ ______
A. You should study in a different place every day,so you don't get bored.
B. Your concentration will improve if you study and watch TV at the same time.
C. Check the time during the exam at a certain time.
D. Staying up all night and studying is tiring,but you will learn a lot using this method.
6. What does the underlined word "it" refer to？ ______
A. Your study desk or table. B. Your textbook.
C. Your dictionary. D. The equipment you need.
7. What can be inferred from the passage？ ______
A. You shouldn't look at everyone else during the test.
B. You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet.
C. You'll concentrate more if there is nothing to distract you.
D. If you feel tired during study,you can walk around for a few minutes.
C
Language learning begins with listening.Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,and later starters are often long listeners.Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak,though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child.Before they can speak,many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.It is agreed that they enjoy making noises,and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight,pain,friendliness,and so on.But since these can't be said to show the baby's intention to communicate,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.It is agreed,too,that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment,and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store.This self-imitation（模仿） leads on to deliberate（有意的） imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people.The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get out teeth into.The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.Thus the use at seven months of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father,his dog,or anything else he likes.Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself,I doubt,however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
8. Before children start speaking ______ .
A. they need equal amount of listening
B. they need different amounts of listening
C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
D. they can't understand and obey the adult's oral instructions
9. Children who start speaking late ______ .
A. may have problems with their listening
B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C. usually pay close attention to what they hear
D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly
10. A baby's first noises are ______ .
A. an expression of his moods and feelings
B. an early form of language
C. a sign that he means to tell you something
D. an imitation of the speech of adults
11. The problem of deciding at what point a baby's imitations can be considered as speech ______ .
A. is important because words have different meanings for different people
B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D. is one that should be completely ignored because children's use of words is often meaningless
D
The Peales were a famous family of American artists. Charles Willson Peale is best remembered for his portraits of leading figures of the American Revolution. He painted portraits of Franklin and Jefferson and over a dozen of George Washington. His life-size portrait of his sons Raphalle and Titian was so realistic that George Washington reportedly once tipped his hat to the figures in the picture.
Charles Willson Peale gave up painting in his middle age and devoted his life to the Peale museum, which he founded in Philadelphia. The world's first popular museum of art and natural science mainly covered paintings by Peale and his family as well as displays of animals in their natural settings. Peale found the animals himself and found a method to make the exhibits more lifelike. The museum's most popular display was the skeleton(骷髅) of a huge, extinct elephant, which Peale unearthed on a New York farm in 1801.
Three of Peale's seventeen children were also famous artists. Raphaelle Peale often painted still lives of flowers, fruit, and cheese. His brother Rembrandt studied under his father and painted portraits of many noted people, including one of George Washington. Another brother, Rubens Peale, painted mostly landscapes and portraits.
James Peale, the brother of Charles Willson Peale, specialized in miniatures. His daughter Sarah Miriam Peale was probably the first professional female portrait painter in America.
12. What is the main topic of the passage
A. The life of Charles Wilson Peale.
B. Portraits in the18th century.
C. The Peale Museum.
D. A family of artists.
13. The author mentions in Paragraph 1 that Washington tipped his hat to the figures in the painting to show that ______.
A. Charles Wilson Peale's painting was very lifelike
B. Washington respected Charles Wilson Peal's work
C. Washington was friendly with Raphaelle and Titian Peale
D. the painting of the two brothers was very large
14. Which of the following is NOT the child of Charles Willson Peale
A. Titian Peale B. Rubens Peale
C. Raphaelle Peale D. Sarah Miriam Peale
15. The author's attitude toward the Peales is in general ______.
A. puzzled B. excited C. admiring D. disappointed
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Hot dogs
Hot dogs!Hot dogs!Come get your hot dogs!This variation on a German sausage has become extremely popular in America.It is a popular concession （特许物） sold at America's most beloved sporting events,baseball games.It is beloved by many. (1) Hot dogs are also very popular during summer cookouts,where people get together and they cook food outside on a grill.
Sausage,the main part of a hot dog,has been around since the 9th century B.C.It was first mentioned in The Odyssey,an epic poem （史诗） by the Greek poet,Homer.But,the type of sausage used in a hot dog,is called a frankfurter,and it originated in the 13th century,in Germany. (2)
Later on,in about 1871，Charles Feltman,a German butcher,came up with the idea of putting a frankfurter sausage in the middle of a milk roll.He had a food stand in Coney Island （a popular tourist attraction with many amusement parks in Brooklyn,New York） and the hot dogs sold very well. (3)
There are many different kinds of hot dogs out there,such as the Chicago Dog （beef hot dog topped with small pieces of onions,tomato slices,and sweet sauce）. (4) Sometimes,in my family,when we feel like making a simple dinner,we'll take out the mini grill to make hot dogs.We have a long standing tradition of putting every condiment （佐料） in the refrigerator on top of our hot dogs.Out of all the hot dogs we've made,my favorite is the ho dog with everything on top. (5) It may be messy.Have fun and make your own hot dog!Eat and enjoy!
A.And so,an American tradition was born.
B.Note,do not wear a white shirt while eating.
C.Americans love it because it's easy and delicious.
D.Then,German immigrants brought the sausage to America.
E.The hot dog consists of a gilled or boiled sausage between a sliced roll.
F.A hot dog at a ballgame beats roast beef at a famous and expensive hotel.
G.Even with all these hot dog styles,you can still make your favorite hot dog.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
When I arrived in Hamburg Germany,my colleague who worked there arranged a welcome
party for me in a (21).We noticed a few customers including several old ladies,were having their
meal,When a dish is (22)，the waiter would distribute the food for them,and they would (23) every bit of the food on their plates.
As I was hungry,my local colleague (24) much food for me.Since there were other things to do,we did not (25) much time dining.When we planned to leave,there was still about one third of (26) food left.When we were leaving the restaurant,we (27) someone calling us.When the old ladies spoke to us in English,we understood that they were (28) about us wasting so much food.
"We (29) for our food；it is none of your (30) no matter how much food we left behind"，my colleague told the old ladies.They got angry,and one of them (31) made a call to someone.After a while,an officer in (32) arrived.Upon finding what had happened,he issued us a 50-euro (33).The offcer told us in a stern （严厉的） voice： "order (34) you can consume.Money is yours, (35) the resources belong to the society.You have no (36) for wasting them. " Our face turned red.
We all agreed with him in our (37).My colleague took out a 50-euro note and repeatedly (38) to the officer.
My colleague copied the fine ticket and gave a copy to each of us as a souvenir.We all (39) it to remind us that we should never be (40).
21. A. bank B. company C. family D. restaurant
22. A. cooked B. gathered C. served D. missed
23. A. desert B. refuse C. finish D. oppose
24. A. kept B. ordered C. sold D. made
25. A. save B. find C. divide D. spend
26. A. unconsumed B. undeveloped C. undiscovered D. undetermined
27. A. appointed B. heard C. realized D. knew
28. A. unhappy B. curious C. nervous D. optimistic
29. A. asked B. paid C. applied D. accounted
30. A. matter B. mind C. business D. question
31. A. passively B. immediately C. excitedly D. regularly
32. A. rags B. fashion C. uniform D. dream
33. A. fine B. food C. award D. souvenir
34. A. how B. it C. what D. that
35. A. so B. and C. or D. but
36. A. ability B. problem C. power D. reason
37. A. words B. faces C. hearts D. ears
38. A. approved B. accused C. admitted D. apologized
39. A. stuck B. broke C. threw D. kept
40. A. hopeful B. wasteful C. merciful D. grateful
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. People are like potatoes.
After potatoes have been harvested, they have to be spread out and sorted (1) (get) the maximum market dollar. They (2) (divide) according to size—big, medium, and small. After the potatoes have been sorted (3) (careful) and bagged, they are loaded onto trucks. All Idaho potato (4) (farm) use this method—all but one.
One farmer never bothered to sort the potatoes at all. Yet he made (5) most money. A (6) (puzzle) neighbour finally asked him, "What is your secret " He said, "It's simple. I just load up the wagon with potatoes and take the (7) (rough) road to town. During the eight-mile trip, the little potatoes always fall to the bottom. The medium potatoes land in the middle, while the big (8) (one) rise to the top."
That's not only true (9) potatoes. It's a law of life. Big potatoes rise to the top on rough road, (10) tough people rise to the top in rough times.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）
42. 假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言，请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿．
（1）过去对成年的向往：
（2）现在的感受和认识；
（3）将来的目标及措施．
注意：
（1）词数100左右
（2）文中不能出现本人相关信息．
（3）可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯．
（4）发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数．
Good morning，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is"Thoughts on becoming a grown-up"．
______
Thank you for your listening．
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
43. 假如你是李华，于2022年1月21日搭乘国外某航空公司航班回国后，发现遗失了一个行李箱。现请用英文给该航空公司写一封信，请他们帮你寻找。
信件要点包括：
（1）陈述写信原因
（2）简要描述该行李
（3）说明其重要性
（4）期待回复并表示感谢
注意：词数100左右
答案和解析
1~4.【答案】D、C、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Robert Owen一生的经历。
1. 根据第三段Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's education. In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.可知，他将他的心思固定在儿童教育上。1816年在英国办了第一所免费小学。所以对欧文来说，他在新拉纳克的最大成就是为孩子们提供良好的教育。故选D。
2. 根据第一段At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself.可知，他十岁就去工作，并且是靠老板家的图书馆自学的。故他家里很穷。故选C。
3. 由倒数第二段He bought some land there in 1825, but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.可知，是因为那个地方离他太远了，他无法控制，导致他损失了很多钱而没有成功。故选D。
4. 由第三段In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.可推知，在1816年之前，英国的孩子都不能享受免费教育。故选B。
5~7.【答案】C、A、B
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据Test-taking Skills中的Check the time on the clock during the test,but not too often.（测试期间检查时钟上的时间，但不要太频繁。）可知，在考试的过程中看看时间，但是别看的次数太多。所以C选项"在考试过程中的某一段时间看看时间"正确。故选C。
（2）A.代词指代题。根据Study Techniques中的划线词所在句子If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying,store all your equipment in a box beside .（如果不学习的时候桌子和椅子要用做别的用途的话，把所有这些用品放到一个箱子里，放在它的旁边。）并通过上下文的语境可以判断出，本句中划线的"it"指的是上文提到的"书桌"。结合选项A.Your study desk or table.你的书桌或桌子；B.Your textbook.你的课本；C.Your dictionary.你的字典；D.The equipment you need.你需要的设备。故选A。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据Test-taking Skills中的Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration.Eat healthy food too.（每天坚持锻炼会提高你的注意力的，吃健康的食物也能提高你的注意力。）可知，通过"Eat healthy food too."可以判断出，通过健康的饮食，你将有足够的精力来应付你的学习和考试。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了日常学习和参加考试的一些实用的技巧，以帮助学生更好地处理学习和考试。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
8~11.【答案】B、D、A、C
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。由文章第一段Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,and later starters are often long listeners （儿童在开口说话之前所做的听力的量是不同的，说话晚的孩子听的时间就长），所以孩子们需要不同量的听力。故选B项。
（2）D.细节理解题。由文章第一段Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,and later starters are often long listeners （儿童在开口说话之前所做的听力的量是不同的，说话晚的孩子听的时间就长），所以说话时间晚的孩子需要花费更长的时间来听。故选D项。
（3）A.推理判断题。由文章第二段It is agreed that they enjoy making noises,and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight,pain,friendliness,and so on. （人们认为婴儿很喜欢发出声音，在头几个月发出的一、两种声音就可以表明他们特别高兴、痛苦、友好等等。）所以孩子们发出声音其实是他们心情和感觉的表达。故选A项。
（4）C.推理判断题。由文章第三段The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world . （一个词的意思取决于一个特定的人在特定的情况下对这个词的意思是什么，很明显，孩子对这个词的意思会随着他对世界的经验的增加而改变。）所以影响孩子模仿的点在于词的意思会随着年龄而改变。故选C项。
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了孩子在学会说话之前和之后语言发展的过程。
做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
12~15.【答案】D、A、D、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是说明文，主要介绍了美国画家Charles Wilson Peale及其家人的绘画成就。
1. 本文主要介绍了美国画家Charles Wilson Peale及其家人对绘画的贡献。所以本文主要介绍了一个艺术家庭，故选D。
2. 根据第一段中的His life-size portrait of his sons Raphalle and Titian was so realistic that George Washington reportedly once tipped his hat to the figures in the picture.（他的儿子拉斐尔和提香的真人肖像非常逼真，据报道，乔治·华盛顿曾向照片中的人物致敬。）可知，Charles Wilson Peale的画十分写实，让人误以为真，所以Washington向画中人脱帽敬礼。故选A。
3.
根据最后一段内容（詹姆斯·皮尔是查尔斯·威尔森·皮尔的兄弟，专门研究微缩模型。他的女儿莎拉·米里亚姆·皮勒可能是美国第一位职业女性肖像画家）可知，Sarah Miriam Peale是Charles Willson Peale哥哥的女儿，故选D。
4.
根据文章内容，主要介绍了Charles Willson Peale及其家人的一些绘画的成就，作者对Charles Willson Peale是十分崇敬的。故选D。
16~20.【答案】C、D、A、G、B
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据前句It is beloved by many （它受到许多人的喜爱。）以及后句Hot dogs are also very popular during summer cookouts,where people get together and they cook food outside on a grill （热狗在夏天的野餐中也很受欢迎，人们聚在一起，在外面用烤架做饭。）可C.Americans love it because it's easy and delicious.（美国人喜欢它，因为它简单可口。）符合上下文的语境，故选C。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据前句But,the type of sausage used in a hot dog,is called a frankfurter,and it originated in the 13th century,in Germany （但是，热狗中使用的香肠被称为法兰克福香肠，起源于13世纪的德国。）可知D选项：Then,German immigrants brought the sausage to America.（后来，德国移民把香肠带到了美国。）符合上下文的语境，故选D。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据前句Later on,in about 1871 ，Charles Feltman,a German butcher,came up with the idea of putting a frankfurter sausage in the middle of a milk roll.He had a food stand in Coney Island （a popular tourist attraction with many amusement parks in Brooklyn,New York ） and the hot dogs sold very well （后来，大约在1871年，德国屠夫查尔斯费尔特曼（Charles Feltman）想出了在牛奶卷中间放一根法兰克福香肠的主意。他在科尼岛（纽约布鲁克林有许多游乐园的著名旅游景点。）有一个食品摊，热狗卖得很好"，可知A.And so,an American tradition was born.（于是，一个美国的传统诞生了。）符合上下文的语境，故选A。
（4）G.推理判断题。根据前句There are many different kinds of hot dogs out there,such as the Chicago Dog （有很多不同种类的热狗，比如芝加哥热狗（牛肉热狗上面有小片洋葱、番茄片和甜酱），以及后句Sometimes,in my family,when we feel like making a simple dinner,we'll take out the mini grill to make hot dogs.We have a long standing tradition of putting every condiment （佐料）in the refrigerator on top of our hot dogs （有时，在我家，当我们想做一顿简单的晚餐时，我们会拿出迷你烤架做热狗。）可知G选项：Even with all these hot dog styles,you can still make your favorite hot dog.（即使有这些热狗的风格，你仍然可以做你最喜欢的热狗。）符合上下文的语境，故选G。
（5）B.细节理解题。根据后句It may be messy （它可能被弄脏），可知B选项：Note,do not wear a white shirt while eating.（注意，吃饭时不要穿白衬衫。）符合上下文的语境，故选B。
热狗，这种德国香肠的变种在美国已经非常流行。本文讲述了热狗的来历，种类以及做法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~40.【答案】D、C、C、B、D、A、B、A、B、C、B、C、A、C、D、D、C、D、D、B
【解析】（1）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.bank银行；B.company公司；C.family家庭；D.restaurant餐馆。句意：我到的时候，我的同事在一家餐馆为我安排了一个欢迎会。根据后文"We noticed a few customers including several old ladies,were having their meal."可知，我们注意到有几位顾客用餐，由此判断我们是在餐馆，故选D。
（2）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.cooked做饭；B.gathered聚集；C.served服务；D.missed想念，错过。句意：当一道菜被端上时，服务员会为他们分发食物。根据后文"the waiter would distribute the food for them"可知，serve a dish为固定搭配，意为"上菜"，故选C。
（3）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.desert抛弃；B.refuse拒绝；C.finish完成；D.oppose反对。句意：他们会吃光盘子里的每一口食物。根据"every bit"可知，他们吃掉盘子里的每一点食物，故选C。
（4）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.kept保持；B.ordered命令，点餐；C.sold卖；D.made制作。句意：由于我饿了，我当地的同事为我点了许多的食物。根据前文"As I was hungry"可知，我当地的同事为我点了许多的食物。故选B。
（5）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.save节约；B.find发现；C.divide分离；D.spend花费。句意：因为有其他事情要做，我们没有花很多时间吃饭。根据前文"Since there were other things to do可知，此处是spend time doing sth"花费时间做某事"，我们吃饭没有花费很多时间。故选D。
（6）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.unconsumed未耗尽的；B.undeveloped未开发的；C.undiscovered未被发现的；D.undetermined未确定的。句意：当我们计划离开时，仍然剩下大约三分之一没吃完的食物。解析结合上下文，我们吃饭是比较匆忙的，所以当我们要离开的时候，还剩下三分之一的没吃光的（unconsumed）食物。故选A。
（7）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.appointed指出；B.heard听到；C.realized意识到；D.knew知道。句意：当我们正要离开餐馆时，我们听到有人在叫我们。根据后文"calling us" 可知，此处是听到（heard）别人在叫我们。故选B。
（8）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.unhappy不高兴的；B.curious好奇的；C.nervous焦急的；D.optimistic乐观的。句意：当老太太们用英语和我们说话时，我们知道她们对我们浪费这么多食物感到很不高兴。根据后面的"wasting so much food"可知，她们叫住我们是对我们浪费食物的行为感到不高兴（unhappy）。故选A。
（9）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.asked问；B.paid支付；C.applied申请；D.accounted。句意："我们为我们的食物买单，不管我们留下多少食物都不关你的事，"我的同事对老妇人说。根据后文"for our food"可知，此处意为"我们花钱（pay）买了我们的食物，我们剩多少食物跟你们没关系"。故选B。
（10）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.matter事情；B.mind思想；C.business事情，生意；D.question问题。句意："我们为我们的食物买单，不管我们留下多少食物都不关你的事，"我的同事对老妇人说。none of your business"不关你的事"是固定搭配，我们剩多少食物跟你们没关系。故选C。
（11）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.passively消极地；B.immediately立即，马上；C.excitedly激动地；D.regularly定期地。句意：其中一个很生气，立刻拿出手机给某人打了个电话。故选B。
（12）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.rags破烂；B.fashion时尚；C.uniform制服；D.dream梦想。句意：过了一会儿，一位穿着制服的警官赶到了。很久"an officer"可知，警察一般穿的都是制服，一个穿着制服（uniform）的警官到了。故选C。
（13）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.fine罚款；B.food食物；C.award奖励；D.souvenir纪念品。句意：他给我们发出了50欧元的罚款。根据下文的最后一段My colleague copied the fine ticket 可知，这个警官给我们发出了50欧元的罚款。故选A。
（14）C.考查连词/代词及语境理解。A.how如何；B.it它；C.what什么；D.that那个。句意：点你们想吃的。该句为宾语从句，从句中缺少consume的宾语，故选择what,故选C。
（15）D.考查连词及语境理解。A.so所以；B.and和；C.or或者；D.but但是。句意：金钱是你的，但资源属于社会。前后是一种逻辑上的转折关系；钱是你们的，但是（but）资源是属于社会的，你没有任何理由可以浪费资源。故选D。
（16）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.ability能力；B.problem问题；C.power能力；D.reason理由。句意：你没有任何理由浪费它们。根据后文"Money is yours,（12）the resources belong to the society."可知，你没有任何理由浪费它们。have no reason for doing sth为固定搭配，意为"没有理由做某事"。故选D。
（17）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.words话；B.faces脸；C.hearts心；D.ears耳。句意：在我们的内心，我们都同意他。因为我们都没有说话，所以此处意为"我们在心里（hearts）都赞同他的话"。故选C。
（18）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.approved支持；B.accused指控；C.admitted承认；D.apologized道歉。句意：我的同事拿出一张50欧元的钞票，反复向那名警官道歉。根据上文We all agreed with him 可知，我们心里赞同警官的话，所以我的同事一直向他道歉（apologized）。故选D。
（19）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.stuck卡住；B.broke破坏；C.threw扔；D.kept保持，保留。句意：我们都保存着它，以提醒我们永远不要浪费。根据上文 gave a copy to each of us as a souvenir可知是保留。选D。
（20）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.hopeful有希望的；B.wasteful浪费的；C.merciful仁慈的；D.grateful感激的。句意：我们都保存着它，以提醒我们永远不要浪费。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者跟同事在饭店吃饭的时候，因为浪费了食物而被罚款。从此事中认识到，食物是社会的共同资源，任何人都不应该浪费。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
41.【答案】【小题1】
to get
【小题2】
are divided
【小题3】
carefully
【小题4】
farmers
【小题5】
the
【小题6】
puzzled
【小题7】
roughest
【小题8】
ones
【小题9】
of
【小题10】
and
【解析】1. 句意：土豆收获后，它们必须被摊开并分类，以获得最大的市场收益。由句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to get。
2. 联系上下文的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语They与动词divide之间是被动关系，所以句子应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是第三人称复数They，be动词应用are。故填are divided。
3. 修饰动词sorted，应用副词作状语；carefully仔细地，副词。故填carefully。
4. 句意：爱达荷州所有马铃薯种植户都使用这种方法，只有一个人除外。空处作主语，应用名词；farmer农民，可数名词；由All修饰，应用名词的复数形式。故填farmers。
5. 句意：然而他赚的钱最多。最高级常与定冠词the连用。故填the。
6. 此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词neighbour；puzzled形容词，困惑的，迷惑不解的，常用来修饰人。故填puzzled。
7. 句意：我只是把土豆装上马车，然后走最崎岖的路进城。由句意和空前的the可知，空处应用形容词的最高级。故填roughest。
8. 句意：中等大小的土豆在中间，而大的土豆在顶部。结合句意可知，空处指代上文提到的名词复数potatoes，以避免重复，表泛指，应用ones。故填ones。
9. 句意：这不仅适用于土豆。be true of对……适用，固定短语。故填of。
10. 句意：在崎岖的道路上，大土豆能升到高处，在艰难的时代，坚强的人能登上顶峰。结合句意可知，前后句之间为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
42.【答案】
【小题1】As a child，I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked．【高分句型】（过去对成年的向往）Now I'm a grown-up，but I find things do not go as I expected．（现在的感受）Although I can enjoy more freedom，at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this，but also more responsibilities．【高分句型】（现在的认识）I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful．（将来的目标）To reach the goal，I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university．（要采取的措施） 【小题2】略 【小题3】略 【小题4】略
【解析】Good morning，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is"Thoughts on becoming a grown-up．"
As a child，I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked．【高分句型】（过去对成年的向往）Now I'm a grown-up，but I find things do not go as I expected．（现在的感受）Although I can enjoy more freedom，at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this，but also more responsibilities．【高分句型】（现在的认识）I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful．（将来的目标）To reach the goal，I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university．（要采取的措施）
Thank you for your listening．
本作文为应用文，根据所给要点内容写一篇在校成人仪式上的发言稿，属于提纲作文．时态为一般过去时和一般现在时．人称以第一人称为主．
【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种表达：重要短语：grow up （成长），not only …，but also（不但…而且），reach the goal （实现目标…），try one's best…（努力做），enter a good university（上好大学）．
As a child，I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked．【高分句型】
Although I can enjoy more freedom，at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this，but also more responsibilities．【高分句型】
英语写作是一项主观性较强的测试题．它不仅考查学生的写作基础而且还考查学生在写作过程中综合运用语言的能力．在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词贴切等．要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识和能力方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧．
43.【答案】Dear Sir/ Madam,
How are you getting along？I'm Li Hua and I am writing to ask for your help.I took the flight of your company on January 21th,2022.But when I came to my home,I found I lost a suitcase.（陈述写信原因）
My suitcase is a small blue one with a zip.There is a label on the handle with my name and address on it.【高分句型一】（简要描述该行李）It is really important for me,because I had put all my important documents in it,including my ID card,passport and so on.Besides,it is what my father sent to me on my birthday.【高分句型二】（说明其重要性）
Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to receiving your earliest reply.（期待回复并表示感谢）
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一
There is a label on the handle with my name and address on it.
翻译：把手上有一个标签，上面有我的名字和地址。
分析：句子里，with的复合结构my name and address on it作伴随状语。
高分句型二
Besides,it is what my father sent to me on my birthday.
分析：句子里，what引导表语从句my father sent to me on my birthday。
翻译：此外，这是我父亲在我生日那天送给我的。
提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、通知、日记、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。提纲作文的选材范围很广，内容简单易懂，且多是考生熟悉的话题。这类题型的主要特点是要点明确.范围具体。但考生也容易受中文提纲的制约，将书面表达变成了翻译，造成语法结构和词汇上的单调，甚至写出结构不完整的句子。
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