译林版（2019）必修三 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元练习（含答案）

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
一、阅读理解（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
A
US inventor Thomas Alva Edison once said, "Genius (天才) is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." Perspiration, indeed, plays a very important role in Chinese scientist Tu Youyou's success.
Tu was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for discovering a new drug for malaria, a deadly disease caused by the bite of some types of mosquitos. She is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. "It is the pride of the whole Chinese scientific community, which will inspire more Chinese scientists," China Daily noted.
But the road to this achievement was arduous. In the late 1960s, Tu joined a government project and began research on a new malaria drug. In the beginning, Tu read a lot of old folk remedies (疗法) and searched texts that were hundreds or thousands of years old. Tu and her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts and created a list of almost 380 possible remedies.
"This was the most challenging stage of the project," Tu told The Beijing News. "It was a very demanding and dull job, in particular when we faced one failure after another." But the hard work and the dullness failed to break the team's spirit. In the following months, she and her team tested the remedies on malaria-infected mice and they found that an extract from the plant qinghao seemed to work well. The work after that was not easier. The fact that the extract didn't always work against malaria discouraged some of her teammates. But Tu was determined to make a contribution to the world and so she encouraged her teammates to keep going. In 1971, they finally succeeded. After failing more than 190 times, Tu finally made an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria. The extract was called "artemisinin (青蒿素)”.
Thanks to decades of hard work, Tu and her team provided humankind with a powerful new means to fight the disease that affects hundreds of millions of people every year. It has greatly improved human health and reduced suffering.
1. Why are Thomas Alva Edison's words used in paragraph 1
A. To prove Tu Youyou talented.
B. To explain Tu Youyou's contribution.
C. To stress the importance of inspiration.
D. To show the secret of Tu Youyou's success.
2. What does the underlined word "arduous" in paragraph 3 mean
A. Interesting. B. Tough. C. Unpredictable. D. Visible.
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The medical test on artemisinin.
B. The method of treating malaria.
C. The process of discovering artemisinin.
D. The difficulty in fighting malaria.
4. Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A novel.
C. A medical report. D. A newspaper.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
When you place an order on Taobao, you know the money you pay doesn't go directly to the seller. Instead, it goes through Alipay, which keeps your money for a while. Then Alipay gives the money to the seller. (1) . It is a transfer (中转) station between sellers and buyers to make online shopping safe. Buyers needn't worry about paying for products and then receiving nothing. Sellers don't worry about receiving no money after sending off products either. These transfer stations are usually set up by payment service companies such as Alipay, Tenpay and YeePay. (2) . It has more than 700 million monthly active users.
Most online sellers and buyers like the third-party online payment, but banks are not happy. (3) . Users can benefit from financial products through Alipay and make money. So lots of people choose to put money in Alipay rather than in banks.
(4) . When paying through WeChat, buyers' money goes directly to the sellers. That's why so many people are excited about receiving and handing out "red envelopes" or "gift money" on WeChat.
Whether Alipay or WeChat Pay, they are both trying to attract more users and make online shopping easier. Both payment patterns have made the best of QR code technology. Also, they promote sales through facial recognition (面部识别) payment. (5) .
A. But WeChat Pay is not the same
B. Eventually, the pay rate is lowered
C. This is called "third-party online payment"
D. Among them, Alipay is the biggest in China
E. As a matter of fact, it provides loan services
F. In the near future, your face is the key to everything
G. The reason is that these companies fight over money with them
5. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
6. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
7. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
8. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
9. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Standing on the top of Mount Tai, I watched the sun rising through the cloud and taking its place in the sky. I haven't seen many (10) , but I can feel that seeing one from the top of Mount Tai must be one of the best ways to (11) the beauty of nature.
When I left for China, the (12) of climbing Mount Tai had not even (13) me. I was going to China to (14) its language, history and culture and gain a better understanding of international agricultural trade between my country and China.
Now I have stayed in China for a few weeks. In Beijing, my group have (15) friendship with many Chinese students. Through our broken Chinese and their (16) English, we are still able to teach each other about our cultures. We (17) that we are all just students working towards the same (18) of having careers, families and lives and trying to make the world better. Cultural differences seem (19) —even the language almost completely differs from our own. But their daily lives are similar to our own routines. (20) , people worry about the same things we do here. They are (21) food safety, pay close attention to the government and feel the effects of the economic markets.
This (22) makes me realize how many cultures my country has in common with other countries around the world. More importantly it makes me have a (23) for travel, and I am looking forward to having more (24) to engage in（参加）cross-cultural communication and learning.
10. A. clouds B. sunrises C. mountains D. trees
11. A. describe B. select C. imagine D. experience
12. A. thought B. aim C. task D. origin
13. A. belonged to B. occurred to C. fallen to D. referred to
14. A. discover B. study C. spread D. update
15. A. developed B. sought C. kept D. showed
16. A. spoken B. fluent C. poor D. unique
17. A. assume B. declare C. realize D. expect
18. A. chance B. reason C. function D. goal
19. A. amazing B. striking C. powerful D. terrible
20. A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Anyhow
21. A. addicted to B. confused about
C. attracted to D. concerned about
22. A. adventure B. course C. climbing D. journey
23. A. thirst B. strategy C. selection D. responsibility
24. A. guidelines B. measures C. opportunities D. applications
四、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
25.
let... down; take it for granted; put forward; as to; pay off; through trail and error; by accident; show off
(1) The video sharing apps such as TikTok give common people a chance to ______ themselves.
(2) Young people shouldn't ______ that they can depend on their parents when in trouble.
(3) Failures think that everything happens ______ while successful people realize that they are responsible.
(4) Our teachers often tell us that every minute we spend in studying will finally ______ in the near future.
(5) In order not to ______ her parents ______ , she always works hard and gets good grades.
(6) The government has ______ a series of measures to ensure the improvement in living standards.
五、单句语法填空（本大题共8小题，共8.0分）
26. Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name, which ______ (indicate) that writers are responsible for what they say.
27. The moment she ______ (declare) the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy.
28. This doctor intends ______ (illustrate) his point with pictures so that the' patients can understand him easily.
29. With the development of the ______ (intelligence) robot technology, people have noticed the challenges that appear in practice.
30. Scientists ______ (conduct) a series of trials last year and ______ (publish) the research findings by the end of the year.
31. The natural environment should be protected because of the important role it plays in human ______ (survive) and development.
32. A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were ______ favour of the proposal for health care reform.
33. Remember to get your electric car ______ (charge) before leaving for your next destination.
六、语法填空（本大题共2小题，共30.0分）
34. Tu Youyou is the first female Chinese scientist to receive a Nobel Prize, (1) (award) for her contribution to the fight against malaria. Her discovery of qinghaosu (2) (benefit) many malaria patients all over the world so far.
Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing and worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine after graduation, (3) enabled her to acquire a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In 1969 Tu led a team that intended to find a cure (4) malaria. After a number of failed (5) (experiment), she turned to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine for help and succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria.
Despite (6) (limit) research resources, Tu and her team managed to find ways to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials. However, the trials on patients (7) (postpone) because of the insufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. In 1972, they (8) (successful) discovered qinghaosu—a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu was eventually awarded the Novel Prize. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists (9) (explore) the traditional Chinese medicine further and raise (10) to a higher level.
(1)
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35. Among the few scientists who have had (1) great effect on science and history, Albert Einstein is perhaps the (2) (great). An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new view of the universe and that (3) (he) theory had completely changed the way scientists understood time and space. Although Einstein had some unusual (4) (habit), he was loved by his friends and neighbors.
Einstein (5) (bear) in Germany in 1879. In 1914, young Einstein, already internationally famous, became a professor at an institute in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities (6) (study). However, the peaceful life was soon broken by the First World War. He was deeply affected by the war; he sat (7) (unhappy) in his office doing nothing and lost interest (8) his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. In the years (9) (follow) the First World War, people showered honor upon him. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize in Physics and was greatly respected in Germany. However, the Second World War broke out and Einstein had to move to the US, (10) he lived until his death in 1955.
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七、单词拼写-单句（本大题共6小题，共6.0分）
36. As the monitor of our class, Jason has a great r______ to get the class to work together as a team.
37. The teachings of Confucius represented ancient Chinese w______ influencing Chinese people's life and thought for centuries.
38. They are not p______ to take pictures even though they have gained access to the meeting.
39. When you ______ (申请) for a job, your previous experience is of great importance.
40. ______（充足的）food and drinking water were delivered to the town after it was struck by a typhoon.
41. Generally, a good educational background with ______ (道德的) values determines your future success.
八、完成句子（本大题共7小题，共14.0分）
42. 商家掌握大数据是有用的，它能帮助了解消费者需求的变化。（it作形式主语；beneficial）
______ master big data, which can help learn about the changes in consumer demand.
43. 2022年冬奥会将在北京举行，这使得北京成为第一个既举办过夏季奥运会又举办过冬季奥运会的城市。（the +序数词+名词+ to do）
The 2022 Winter Olympics will take place in Beijing, which makes Beijing ______ both Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics.
44. 电子客票的最重要的优势之一就是检票的时间被大大缩短了。（one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数）
______ e-tickets is that the time of ticket checking is reduced greatly.
45. 教授在讲座中提到的那本小说值得重读。（refer to）
It is worthwhile to reread the novel ______ in his lecture.
46. 这个城市被名山大川环绕，旅游资源丰富，吸引着来自世界各地的人。（动词的-ed形式作定语；surround)
The city ________________________________________ is rich in tourism resources, attracting people from all over the world.
47. 在现代教育中，学生要参加各种活动，尤其是那些能获得成长经验的活动。（involve）
In modern education, ______, especially those where they can gain experience for growth.
48.
某英文报纸“人物”栏目正在征稿，请你写一篇短文介绍一位有突出贡献的科学家。内容包括：(1)该人物的主要事迹；(2)他/她带来的影响。
Qian Xuesen, the father of China's aerospace (航空航天), was an extremely well-respected man who served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion.
Qian was born in Shanghai, and in 1934 he (1) (毕业于) Shanghai Jiao Tong University, where he studied Railway Mechanical Engineering. (2) (使他换专业的事情) was that he realized that China needed its own powerful air force (3) (来保护和保卫国家). He went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.
(4) (作为一位英雄被欢迎), Qian returned to China in 1955. He was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile (导弹) programme. (5) (那是一个……的年代) China's scientific development fell behind other countries, which, however, didn't discourage him from (6) (接受挑战). Instead, Qian devoted himself to building China's missile, atomic bomb and space programs. (7) (在他的带领下), China developed the Dongfeng missiles. In 1970, China (8) (成功发射) its first man-made satellite.
Qian was (9) (一位有着很大成就的杰出科学家). Besides, he had strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often (10) (给他灵感) in his scientific research.
(1)
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答案和解析
1~4.【答案】D、B、C、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了屠呦呦和她的团队发现青蒿素的过程。
推理判断题。根据第一段的内容并结合下文中提到的屠呦呦和她的团队克服了很多困难最终发现并成功提取了青蒿素的过程可知，此处引用爱迪生的名言是为了说明屠呦呦的成功在于她的坚持不懈和不断克服困难的精神。故选D。
2. 词义猜测题。第二段中提到屠呦呦的巨大贡献和她的影响。再根据画线词前的But the road to this achievement（但通往这一成就的道路）及下文中的This was the most challenging stage of the project（这是项目中最具挑战性的阶段）The work after that was not easier（之后的工作并不容易）可知，此处表示屠呦呦获得成功的道路是艰辛的，故选B。
3. 段落大意题。根据本段的内容可知，本段讲述了屠呦呦和她的团队通过多次尝试并克服困难终于成功提取了青蒿素的过程。故选C。
4. 文章出处题。根据文章内容及文体风格可知，本文最可能来自报纸。故选D。
5~9.【答案】C、D、G、A、F
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了支付宝和微信支付。
根据空前的Instead, it goes through Alipay, which keeps your money for a while. Then Alipay gives the money to the seller（相反，它通过支付宝，可以暂时保存你的钱。然后支付宝把钱给卖家）可知，你付的钱先给支付宝，支付宝保存一段时间，然后把钱交给卖家。C项“这叫‘第三方在线支付’”是对这种交易的概括。故选C。
2. 根据空前的These transfer stations are usually set up by payment service companies such as Alipay, Tenpay and YeePay（这些中转站通常由支付宝、财付通、易宝等支付服务公司设立）可知，D项“在它们之中，支付宝在中国是最大的”与上句相承接。故选D。
3. 根据空前的Most online sellers and buyers like the third-party online payment, but banks are not happy可知，大多数网上卖家和买家喜欢第三方在线支付，但银行并不满意。G项“原因是这些公司与他们争夺资金”。说明了银行不满意的原因，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
4. 上文介绍了支付宝的支付功能，本段介绍了微信支付的特点。A项“但微信支付是不一样的”是对两者的比较，起承上启下的作用。故选A。
5. 本段介绍支付宝和微信支付的共同点，根据空前的Both payment patterns have made the best of QR code technology. Also, they promote sales through facial recognition (面部识别) payment（这两种支付方式都充分利用了二维码技术。此外，他们还通过面部识别支付来促进销售）可知，F项符合语境，说明了未来的技术趋势，且F项中的“your face”与空前的facial相照应。故选F。
10~24.【答案】B、D、A、B、B、A、C、C、D、B、A、D、D、A、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者到中国的旅行让作者对旅行产生了渴望，并期待有更多的机会进行跨文化交流和学习。
句意：我没见过多少日出，但我能感觉到，从泰山顶上看日出一定是体验大自然之美的最好方式之一。A.clouds云朵；B.sunrises日出；C.mountains；D.trees树。根据上文中的Standing on the top of Mount Tai, I watched the sun rising through the cloud and taking its place in the sky（站在泰山顶上，我看着太阳从云里升起，在天空中占据它的位置）可知，这里作者在谈论看日出。故选B。
2. 句意同上。A.describe描述；B.select挑选；C.imagine想象；D.experience体验。根据下文中的the beauty of nature可知，这里指体验自然之美。故选D。
3. 句意：当我动身去中国时，我连爬泰山的念头都没想过。A.thought想法；B.aim目标；C.task任务；D.origin起源。根据had not even 69 me可知，这里指作者爬泰山的想法。故选A。
4. 句意同上。A.belong to属于；B.occur to出现在头脑中；C.fall to落到……身上；D.refer to涉及。根据上文中的the 68 of climbing Mount Tai可知，作者没有想过要爬泰山。故选B。
5. 句意：我去中国是为了学习中国的语言、历史和文化，更好地了解我国与中国之间的国际农业贸易。A.discover发现；B.study学习；C.spread传播；D.update更新。根据下文中的and gain a better understanding of international agricultural trade between my country and China可知，作者到中国是为了学习中国的语言、历史和文化，更好地了解自己国家和中国之间的国际农业贸易。故选B。
6. 句意：在北京，我的团队与许多中国学生建立了友谊。A.developed发展，建立；B.sought寻找；C.kept保持；D.showed展示。根据下文中的with many Chinese students可知，作者的小组与许多中国学生建立了友谊。故选A。
7. 句意：通过我们蹩脚的中文和他们蹩脚的英语，我们仍然可以互相传授我们的文化。A.spoken说话的；B.fluent流利的；C.poor贫穷的，蹩脚的；D.unique独特的。根据上文中的Through our broken Chinese和下文中的we are still able to teach each other about our cultures可知，与作者交流的中国学生英语也不好。故选C。
8. 句意：我们都只是朝着同一个目标努力的学生，即拥有事业、家庭和生活，并努力让世界变得更美好。A.assume假设；B.declare宣称；C.realize意识到；D.expect预计。根据下文中的we are all just students working towards the same (74) of having careers, families and lives and trying to make the world better可知，作者和中国的学生意识到他们之间有共同的目标。故选C。
9. 句意同上。A.chance机会；B.reason原因；C.function功能；D.goal目标。根据下文中的having careers, families and lives and trying to make the world better可知，这些都是他们的共同目标。故选D。
10. 句意：文化差异似乎很明显——甚至连我们自己的语言也几乎完全不同。A.amazing令人大为惊奇的；B.striking显著的；C.powerful有影响力的；D.terrible可怕的。根据下文中的even the language almost completely differs from our own可知，文化差异很明显。故选B。
11. 句意：此外，人们还担心共同的事情。A.besides此外；B.therefore因此；C.however然而；D.anyhow反正。故选A。
12. 句意：他们关注食品安全，密切关注政府，关注经济市场的影响。A.addicted to上瘾沉迷于；B.confused about对……迷惑；C.attracted to吸引；D.concerned about关心，担忧。根据上文中的people worry about the same things we do here可知，人们关心食品安全。故选D。
13. 句意：这次旅行让我意识到我的国家和世界上其他国家文化有多少共同处。A.adventure冒险B.course课程；C.climbing攀登；D. journey旅行。根据上文中的When I left for China, the (68) of climbing Mount Tai had not even (69) me可知，此处指旅行。故选D。
14. 句意：更重要的是，它让我有了旅行的渴望，我期待有更多的机会参与跨文化交流和学习。A.thirst渴望；B.strategy策略；C.selection可供选择的事物；D.responsibility责任。根据下文中的and I am looking forward to having more (80) to engage in (参加) cross-cultural communication and learning可知，作者对旅行产生了渴望，期待有更多的机会进行跨文化交流和学习。故选A。
15. 句意同上。A.guideline指导方针；B.measure措施；C.opportunity机会；D.application申请。故选C。
25.【答案】【小题1】
show off
【小题2】
take it for granted
【小题3】
by accident
【小题4】
pay off
【小题5】
let; down
【小题6】
put forward
【解析】1. 句意：TikTok等视频的分享应用让普通人有机会展示自己。show off 为固定搭配，“展示，炫耀”。根据空前的不定式标志词to可知，此处用动词原形。故填show off 。
2. 句意：年轻人不应该想当然地认为他们在遇到困难时可以依靠父母。take it for granted把……视为理所当然。根据空格前的情态动词shouldn't 可知，此处用动词原形。故填take it for granted。
3. 句意：失败者认为一切都是偶然发生的，而成功者则意识到他们负有责任。by accident偶然的，固定短语。故填by accident 。
4. 句意：我们的老师经常告诉我们，我们在学习上花的每一分钟都会在不久的将来得到回报。pay off回报，取得成功，固定短语。空前有情态动词will，故此处应填动词原形pay。故填pay off。
5. 句意：为了不让父母失望，她总是努力学习，取得好成绩。let sb. down让某人失望，固定短语。根据第一个空格前的不定式标志词to可知，此处用动词原形let。故填let; down。
6. 句意：政府已经提出了一系列的措施来确保生活水平的提高。put forward提出，拿出，固定搭配。根据句意和设空前has可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填put forward。
26.【答案】indicates
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：给编辑的信必须注明撰写人的姓名，这表明撰写人为他们说的话负责。which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代前面整句话的内容，且此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时。故填indicates。
27.【答案】was declared
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当她被宣布为英语演讲比赛的冠军时，她高兴得跳了起来。分析句子结构可知，she和declare之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；且根据jumped可知，应用一般过去时，故填was declared。
28.【答案】to illustrate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位医生打算用图片来阐明他的观点，这样病人能够轻松地理解他。动词illustrate，“证明”。intend to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，是固定用法。故填to illustrate。
29.【答案】intelligent
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：随着智能机器人技术的发展，人们已经注意到在实践中出现的挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处用形容词作定语，修饰robot technology。intelligence的形容词是intelligent。故填intelligent。
30.【答案】conducted; will have published
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：科学家去年进行了一系列试验，并在年底前公布了研究结果。第一空，根据 last year可知，conduct表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；第二空，根据by the end of the year并结合语境可知，此处应用将来完成时，表示在将来某个时间前已经完成的动作。故填conducted; will have published。
31.【答案】survival
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：自然环境应该被保护，因为它在人类生存和发展方面起着重要作用。分析句子结构可知，空处作in的宾语，和development并列，且空前有human修饰，故用名词。survive的名词形式是survival 。故填survival 。
32.【答案】in
【解析】句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，这个城市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。固定短语in favour of表示“支持”，故填in。
33.【答案】charged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：记得在出发去下一个目的地之前给你的电动汽车充电。此处charge为动词，意为“给……充电”。electric car和charge之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词的-ed形式作宾补。故填charged。
34.【答案】【小题1】
awarded
【小题2】
has benefited
【小题3】
which
【小题4】
for
【小题5】
experiments
【小题6】
limited
【小题7】
were postponed
【小题8】
successfully
【小题9】
to explore
【小题10】
it
【解析】1. 句意：屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家，该奖项表彰她在抗击疟疾方面的贡献。分析句子结构可知，Nobel Prize和award之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式。故填awarded。
2. 句意：到目前为止，她发现的青蒿素使世界各地的许多疟疾患者受益。根据句中的so far可知，此处应用现在完成时。Her discovery of qinghaosu作主语，助动词用单数形式has，故填has benefited。
3. 句意：屠呦婷在北京大学学习医学，毕业后在中医研究院工作，这使她对中医和西医都有了广泛的了解。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故用which。故填which。
4. 句意：1969年，屠呦呦领导了一个研究小组，试图找到治疗疟疾的方法。cure for sth.对……的疗法，为固定搭配。故填for。
5. 句意：经过多次失败的实验后，她求助于中医古籍，成功地研制出了可以治疗疟疾的青蒿提取物。分析句子结构可知，此处作After的宾语，且根据空前的failed可知，应用名词形式。experiment，根据空前的a number of可知，此处应用名词复数。故填experiments。
6. 句意：尽管研究资源有限，屠呦呦和她的团队还是设法生产出了足够的青蒿提取物进行大规模试验。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，limit有限，名词；设空处作定语修饰research resources，应用形容词limited，有限的。故填limited。
7. 句意：然而，由于安全性数据不足，对患者的试验推迟。the trials和postpone之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；the trials为复数，故be动词用were。故填were postponed。
8. 句意：1972年，他们成功地发现了青蒿素——许多疟疾药物的关键成分。分析句子结构可知，successful成功的，形容词，此处用副词successfully作状语，修饰谓语动词discovered。故填successfully。
9. 句意：在她的诺贝尔奖演讲中，她鼓励科学家们进一步探索传统中医，并将其提升到一个更高的水平。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事，固定短语，设空处应用动词不定式。故填to explore。
10. 句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处指代the traditional Chinese medicine，且作raise的宾语。故填it。
35.【答案】【小题1】
a
【小题2】
greatest
【小题3】
his
【小题4】
habits
【小题5】
was born
【小题6】
to study
【小题7】
unhappily
【小题8】
in
【小题9】
following
【小题10】
where
【解析】1. 考查冠词。句意：在少数对科学和历史有重大影响的科学家中，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦也许是最伟大的。have a(n)... effect on对……有……影响，为固定短语，且great的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2. 考查形容词的最高级。根据语境及Among可知，此处表示“Albert Einstein也许是最伟大的”，故用形容词的最高级形式。故填greatest。
3. 考查代词。句意：一位美国大学校长曾经评论说，爱因斯坦创造了一种新的宇宙观，他的理论完全改变了科学家理解时间和空间的方式。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词theory，应用形容词性物主代词；结合语境可知，是爱因斯坦的理论。故填his。
4. 考查名词复数。habit意为“习惯”时是可数名词，根据空前的some可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填habits。
5. 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，Einstein与bear之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态be done；根据时间状语in 1879可知，此处应用一般过去时, be动词用was。故填was born。
6. 考查非谓语动词。opportunity to do sth.做某事的机会，是固定用法，故用动词不定式。故填to study 。
7. 考查副词。unhappy不高兴，形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词unhappily作状语，修饰动词sat。故填unhappily。
8. 考查介词。lose interest in对……失去兴趣，是固定搭配。故填in。
9. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，years与follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式。故填following。
10. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the US，且空处在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。
36.【答案】responsibility
【解析】句意：作为我们班的班长，贾森有责任让全班同学团结起来，成为一个团队。根据句意和首字母提示可知，名词responsibility，责任，符合语境。分析句子可知have a great responsibility to...对……有很大的责任，固定短语。故填responsibility。
37.【答案】wisdom
【解析】句意：孔子的学说代表了中国古代的智慧，影响了几个世纪以来中国人的生活和思想。根据句意和首字母提示，设空处应填不可数名词wisdom，“智慧”，符合语境。故填wisdom。
38.【答案】permitted
【解析】句意：即使他们能进入会场，也不允许拍照。根据句意和首字母提示，设空处应填动词permit，“允许”。结合语境主语为they，与permit是被动关系，故设空处应用动词-ed形式。故填permitted。
39.【答案】apply
【解析】句意：当你申请工作时，你以前的经验是很重要的。根据句意和汉语提示，设空处应填动词apply。结合语境此处应用一般现在时，主语you是第二人称。故填apply。
40.【答案】Sufficient
【解析】句意：台风袭击后，充足的食物和饮用水被送到了这个城镇。根据句意和提示词可知，设空处应填形容词sufficient ，作定语修饰food and drinking water。句首字母需大写。故填Sufficient 。
41.【答案】moral
【解析】句意：一般来说，良好的教育背景和道德价值观决定了你未来的成功。moral道德的，形容词，此处作定语，修饰名词values。故填moral。
42.【答案】It is beneficial for businesses to
【解析】根据句子分析和汉语提示，be beneficial to……是有用的；business商家。此处应用固定句式It is beneficial for sb. to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。结合语境，此处“商家”应用复数businesses。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填It is beneficial for businesses to。
43.【答案】the first city to hold
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，first city第一个城市，hold举办；结合语境和汉语提示，应用固定短语结构the+序数词+名词+to do。故填the first city to hold。
44.【答案】One of the most important advantages of
【解析】对照中英文，缺少“最重要的优势之一”之意；the most important最重要的；advantage优势；of...的一部分，介词。根据汉语提示，此处应填one of the most important advantages。句首字母需大写。故填One of the most important advantages of。
45.【答案】which/that the professor referred to
【解析】对照中英文可知，此处缺少“教授提到的”。professor教授，可数名词，此处表示特指；refer to提到，固定短语。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the novel指物，所以应用which或that引导定语从句。结合语境，从句应用一般过去时，谓语动词应为动词过去式referred。故填which/that the professor referred to。
46.【答案】surrounded by famous mountains and great rivers
【解析】对照中英文，空处缺少“被名山大川环绕”。名山大川famous mountains and great rivers；环绕surround。分析句子和汉语提示可知，the city与surround之间是被动关系，此处用动词的-ed形式作定语修饰the city；be surrounded by被环绕，固定短语。故填surrounded by famous mountains and great rivers。
47.【答案】students should be/get involved in various activities
【解析】对照中英文可知，空处缺少“学生要参加各种活动”之意。involve in参加；various activities各种活动。分析句子结构可知，主语是students，与谓语involve之间是被动关系，故应用be involved in或get involed in。结合语境可知，设空处谓语应用一般现在时。故填students should be/get involved in various activities。
48.【答案】【小题1】graduated from
【小题2】What made him change his major
【小题3】to protect and defend the country
【小题4】Welcomed as a hero
【小题5】It was a time when
【小题6】taking on the challenge
【小题7】Under his leadership
【小题8】successfully launched
【小题9】an outstanding scientist with great achievements
【小题10】gave him inspiration
【解析】1. 根据提示词可知，graduate from，毕业于，固定搭配。结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填graduated from。
2. 根据提示词可知，change major换专业；make him change his major使他换专业。分析句子结构可知，此处应用主语从句，且缺少主语，应用 what引导。结合语境可知，此处主语从句中的谓语应用一般过去时。句首字母需大写。故填What made him change his major。
3. 根据提示词可知，protect and defend the country保护和保卫国家。分析句子结构可知，need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事，为固定搭配；此处应用动词不定式作补语。故填to protect and defend the country。
4. 根据提示词可知，as a hero作为一位英雄；welcome欢迎。结合语境可知，此处应用动词的-ed形式表示被动且在句中作状语，故应用welcomed。句首字母需大写。故填Welcomed as a hero。
5. 根据句意可知，time年代；it is a time那是一个年代。分析句子结构，可知空处需要用when引导的定语从句，先行词是a time, it作形式主语代替主语从句。句首单词需大写。故填It was a time when。
6. 根据提示词可知，take on接受；challenge挑战。分析句子结构可知，设空处前有介词from，故应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填taking on the challenge。
7. 根据提示词可知，under在……下面；lead带领。分析句子结构可知，his为形容词性物主代词，其后应用lead的名词形式leadership。句首字母需大写。故填Under his leadership。
8. 根据提示词可知，succeed成功；launch发射。分析句子结构可知，此处应用一般过去时，用副词successfully修饰launched这个动作，作状语。故填successfully launched。
9. 根据提示词可知，great achievements很大成就；outstanding scientist杰出科学家；with具有，介词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词outstanding scientist作宾语，outstanding为元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an outstanding scientist with great achievements。
10. 根据提示词可知，inspiration灵感。结合语境和可知，此处描述的是过去的一种状态，应用一般过去时。故填gave him inspiration。
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