译林版（2020）必修三 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world单元能力提升（含答案）

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
The Last Greatest Magician in the World
In this book, we can learn about the wonder-worker Howard Thurston. During his life, Thurston successfully made changes in entertainment. His magic show is regarded as the one that inspires our memories.
Author: Jim Steinmeyer Length: 377 pages Publication Date: Feb. 3, 2011
A World Without Heroes
Jason Walker lives a peaceful life until one day he falls through a hole and ends up in a new foreign world. In Lyrian, the people dress and behave differently, living in fear of their Emperor Surroth. But in Jason's search for a way home, he learns of a magical word that could kill Surroth and becomes the hero he has never imagined.
Author: Brandon Mull Length: 464 pages Publication Date: Mar. 15, 2011
Life
With his honesty, Keith Richards brings us the story of a life we have all longed to know more of. It's hard to imagine a famous person's biography is as easy to drink in as Keith Richards' life. The book's content agrees with the rhythm of his voice so much that reading his tale is like sharing a cup of beer with an old friend.
Author: Keith Richards Length: 576 pages Publication Date: Oct. 26, 2010
The Monkey and the Monk
The famous translation of The Journey to the West was popular with English-speaking audiences. The book shows the novel's most exciting and meaningful parts without taking anything away from their true spirit. Moreover, with a new form, this translation is sure to attract more fans.
Author: Anthony C. Yu Length: 512 pages Publication Date: Nov. 15, 2006
1. What kind of book is A World Without Heroes
A. A life guide. B. An adventure novel.
C. A biography. D. An educational book.
2. What can we know about Life
A. It is written in rhyme. B. It is full of imagination.
C. It is easy to understand. D. It is mainly about folk tales.
3. Whose book will you choose if you want to know about Howard Thurston
A. Jim Steinmeyer's. B. Brandon Mull's.
C. Keith Richards'. D. Anthony C. Yu's.
B
Born in 1918, in the little town of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers. As a child, she counted everything. She counted the steps on the road, the steps up to school, the number of dishes she washed... By the time she was 10 years old, she had been a high school freshman, which was truly amazing in a time when school for African-Americans normally stopped at eighth grade. To realize her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education. Katherine's excellent performance proved her father's decision was the right one: Katherine skipped grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18.
In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mom, she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate (计算) the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called "computer". Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986. Her calculations proved important to the success of the Apollo lunar landing program and the United States' journey into space. Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures.
Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last "computer" who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.
4. What can we learn about Katherine from paragraph 1
A. She left school at eighth grade.
B. She was gifted in math as a child.
C. She went to high school at 14.
D. She skipped grades in college.
5. How long did Katherine work at NASA
A. 18 years. B. 33 years. C. 51 years. D. 67 years.
6. Why was Katherine called "computer" in NASA
A. She played the role of a computer.
B. She calculated as fast as computers.
C. She was in charge of the computers.
D. She was skilled in operating computers.
7. What's the best title for the text
A. Scientists at NASA
B. A great mathematician's decision
C. Katherine Johnson's educational background
D. Katherine Johnson, a computer who wore skirts
C
One of the most popular street food found in China is no doubt the barbecue (烧烤). A new series, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food cooked over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country. Barbecued meat is an important part of people's nightlife.
Shown on June 20, the series has had more than 80 million clicks on the video site . To find the most popular barbecue stalls (摊位), the production team travelled to more than 500 locations in 30 cities across the country. Some viewers compare Chinese Barbecue to Midnight Diner, a Japanese TV series telling stories from late-night informal Japanese bars.
"I'm happy to hear this comparison because Midnight Diner is a good program, and we share the same topic—night food," Chinese Barbecue's director Chen Yingjie said. "However, in terms of the tone, they are quite different." He said that Midnight Diner focused more on food itself, though there was some conversation while people were eating. In contrast, the night food scene of Chinese people means joy and a more lively spirit. People eating these barbecue snacks develop a feeling of connection, which can be a cure for loneliness.
The barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from home-made food by mothers as that is a symbol of family and kinship. The barbecue is where you go to become connected to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather reserved and polite, the barbecue lets people relax with old friends and new friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship.
The world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good feelings toward the barbecue, either for the taste or the warmth produced by fire. "What we should do is to present the Chinese barbecue just the way it is because with its special ingredients (食材), ways of cooking, and more importantly, the special environment and people, the world will recognize it and might fall in love with it just as we do," said Chen.
8. What does Chinese Barbecue center on
A. The diverse street food.
B. The nightlife in large cities.
C. The barbecued foods across China.
D. The story of barbecue stall owners.
9. How does Chinese Barbecue differ from Midnight Diner
A. It focuses more on the diners. B. It has less conversation.
C. It shows the eating habits. D. It targets at the lonely.
10. What can be inferred about the barbecue from paragraph 4
A. It influences people's lifestyle.
B. It plays a role in people s relationship.
C. It is more delicious than home-made food.
D. It serves as formal business lunches sometimes.
11. Why did Chen Yingjie choose the barbecue as the topic of the series
A. To help the world understand China.
B. To research a special way of cooking.
C. To show the feature of Chinese food.
D. To introduce the history of the barbecue.
D
The story of moon trees started in 1971, when Apollo 14 started a task to the moon. The task pilot was Stuart Roosa, a former U. S. Forest Service smoke jumper. When he was selected for the job, a few of his Forest Service co-workers asked him to take hundreds of tree seeds (种子) into space with him. He agreed.
Seeds were collected from five types of trees: loblolly pine, sycamore, sweetgum, redwood, and Douglas fir. The seeds were sorted—there were 400-500 in total—and another set of seeds remained on Earth as a control sample (对照样本).
On Jan. 31, 1971, Roosa, along with astronauts Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell, took off on the third task to the moon. The seeds stayed with Roosa as he moved around the moon and flew back to Earth. But the tool containing the seeds burst open, and the crew thought the seeds couldn't germinate any longer. However, the Forest Service sent the seeds to two of their stations anyway. Nearly all of the seeds began to sprout (发芽), and after a few years, the Forest Service had more than 420 young moon trees.
In 1975 and 1976, most of the young trees were given away to be planted for the country's two hundredth celebration. Not all states received trees because the five species were from western and southern states and wouldn't grow in other climates. Other young moon trees found homes in the U. S. such as at the White House, the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, Washington Square in Philadelphia, Valley Forge National Historical Park in Pennsylvania, and various universities. Some trees were given away as gifts to other countries, including Brazil, Switzerland, and Japan.
The number of moon trees has increased over the years, as cuttings were taken off moon trees and replanted. These second-generation moon trees are called half-moon trees. Roosa passed away in 1994, but a moon sycamore stands over his grave in Virginia.
12. Why were a set of tree seeds left on Earth
A. To tell moon trees apart easily.
B. To ensure their growth under control.
C. To protect them against being damaged
D. To make a comparison with seeds in space.
13. What does the underlined word "germinate" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Suffer. B. Grow. C. Float. D. Change.
14. What do we know about moon trees from the last paragraph
A. Their type has increased greatly.
B. They are renamed half-moon trees.
C. They don't grow very well on Earth.
D. Their cuttings lead to more moon trees.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. The story of moon trees.
B. The discovery of moon trees.
C. The three tasks of Roosa to the moon.
D. The contribution of Roosa to moon trees' growth.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
China has been the birthplace of many of the world's greatest inventions. It is, for example, the first country to produce paper money. Before the invention of paper money and coins, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling. (1) This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (物物交换).
(2) In about 1900 BC, people in China began to use shells as money. Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed trade between different parts of the country to develop. In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same. (3)
The next development was in about 1000 BC, when China started making bronze and copper shells. (4) The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could tie them together. By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire.
About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people in the Song Dynasty. (5)
A. As time went by, trade between countries increased.
B. People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.
C. They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.
D. For example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.
E. It was still many years before paper money appeared in Europe.
F. It wasn't long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.
G. However, as the economy developed, such exchanges became impractical.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
The first time my grandma came to visit us in Canada, she was a little upset. She (21) that there was nothing to do.
Before my grandma arrived, I used to tend the flowers in our garden. But while I was at school and my parents were at work, my grandma, feeling (22) , came down upon the little piece of land. She pulled out the annuals (一年生植物) and (23) those with orderly rows of green onions and other (24) . I told her to stop, to keep the flowers. "They're pretty, but they're (25) ," she said matter-of-factly. I was annoyed until I learned something about her past.
Grandma was (26) at the time of a severe famine(严重饥荒). She lost her parents and did everything on her own. (27) , she never cried about it to anyone.
Different times (28) unique characters. My grandma was shaped by the (29) of her family members and the difficulties in China's recent history. Those who (30) the famine are, naturally, unwilling to use valuable land to plant flowers. Her (31) , responsibility and diligence, helped her through those difficult years. These qualities were developed over time, and to change them now would (32) her. She is an important (33) between my family's past and future—she (34) her times' challenges to support the next generation. Someday, I will be like my grandma and (35) my small part to human's moving on.
21. A. believed B. ignored C. complained D. declared
22. A. bored B. embarrassed C. concerned D. confused
23. A. covered B. surrounded C. decorated D. replaced
24. A. trees B. flowers C. grasses D. vegetables
25. A. useless B. alive C. expensive D. unnatural
26. A. picked up B. let down C. brought up D. taken in
27. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Instead
28. A. create B. maintain C. contain D. select
29. A. loss B. option C. duty D. love
30. A. spotted B. experienced C. approached D. researched
31. A. intelligence B. independence C. patience D. confidence
32. A. scare B. break C. puzzle D. train
33. A. change B. difference C. bridge D. balance
34. A. reduced B. battled C. documented D. prevented
35. A. attract B. contribute C. entrust D. apply
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Famous British physicist Stephen Hawking was one of the (1) (famous) scientists, whose mental genius and physical disability made him (2) household name across the globe.
As a child, he was creative and interested in (3) (design) toys but unfortunately, in his twenties, he suffered from a disease that was impossible to be cured. It gradually robbed him (4) mobility, leaving him to stay in a wheelchair and unable (5) (speak) except through his voice synthesizer (语音合成器).
However, (6) (eventual) he not only overcame all the difficulties but also devoted (7) (him) to discovering the secrets of the universe. In 1988, his book A Brief History of Time (8) (publish), in which he put forward the idea that time itself has a beginning, and it will have an end. There is no doubt (9) he has made outstanding contributions to physics.
The world was saddened by Hawking's death in 2018. However, his work and findings will live on forever and his (10) (achieve) will always inspire people across the world.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One morning, Joey sat at the kitchen table and read the sports page of the paper. He heard his grandfather coming down the stairs. When his grandfather came into the kitchen, Joey could see he wasn't his usual happy self.
"Morning, Grandfather," he smiled. His grandfather sat across the table, looking sad. He didn't pick up the paper to read. Instead, he asked, "Joey, is anything happening in town today " "There's a ball game between Sequoyah Middle School and my school tonight. Would you like to go " Joey told him.
Joey felt bad for his grandfather. He knew he couldn't read. His grandfather had told him often, "I didn't have the chance to go to school regularly. Looking after the animals and tending to the crops on the farm were much more important in those days than learning to read."
One day Grandfather asked Joey, "Joey, would you go with me to the grocery store I need several things." In the store, Joey's grandfather walked up and down the aisles (过道), looking at all the pictures on the cans. He saw a can without a picture on it. "What's in that can " he asked. Joey, reading the label, said "It's a can of chicken soup." His grandfather walked to the meat counter but he couldn't read the prices or the labels. Finally, Grandfather gave Joey the grocery list and stepped out of the store. "I will meet you at the car," he said. Joey watched him go through the door, and he thought, "I wish I could help him out but I don't know where to begin and how to start."
The next day was Sunday. Joey went to the library to look through some books when he saw a sign on the library wall. It read, "Do you know somebody who can't read We can help. Just call this number." Joey wrote the number down, and hurried home. "Somebody can teach you how to read. Just call this number," Joey explained excitedly to his grandfather.
Paragraph 1:
Several days later, Grandfather put on his best suit for his first day of school. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Months later, Grandfather said to Joey, "I just got a letter from Aunt Helen and let me read it to you."
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 假定你是李华。校刊英语栏以“A Great Scientist”为主题征集英文短文，请你根据题目投稿，内容包括：
(1)人物的主要事迹；
(2)对你的影响。
注意：词数80左右。
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了四本书籍。
根据A World Without Heroes中的内容he learns of a magical word that could kill Surroth and becomes the hero（他学到了一个可以杀死Surroth的魔法单词，并成为了英雄。）可知，这本书是一部探险小说。故选B。
2. 根据Life中的It s hard to imagine a famous person s biography is as easy to drink in as Keith Richards' life. （很难想象一个名人的传记会像基斯·理查兹(Keith Richards)的生活一样让人沉醉。）可知，这本书好读懂。故选C。
3. 根据The Last Greatest Magician in the World中的In this book, we can learn about the wonder-worker Howard Thurston（在这本书中，我们可以了解到神奇工作者霍华德·瑟斯顿）以及Author: Jim Steinmeyer可知，如果想要了解魔术师Howard Thurston，应该选择Jim Steinmeyer的书。故选A。
4~7.【答案】B、B、A、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家凯瑟琳·约翰逊。
根据第一段中的As a child, she counted everything（还是个孩子的时候，她什么都数）和To realize her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education（为了发掘她的数学潜能，她的父亲开车带着全家到120英里外的西弗吉尼亚州，在那里黑人可以继续接受高中教育）可知，凯瑟琳·约翰逊小时候在数学方面很有天赋。故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的In 1953... she began working for NASA（1953年，在做了多年教师和全职妈妈之后，她开始为美国宇航局工作）及第三段中的She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986.（她继续在NASA工作，直到1986年退休。）可知，1953年她开始为NASA工作，1986年退休，一共是33年。故选B。
3. 根据第二段中的she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate（计算）the results of wind tunnel tests（她开始为NASA工作，NASA开始雇佣女性来测量和计算风洞测试的结果）和In a time before... were called "computer".（在电子计算机出现之前，这些妇女被称为“计算机”。）可知，她在NASA担任计算机的角色。故选A。
4. 本文主要讲述了凯瑟琳·约翰逊凭借自己的数学头脑为NASA作出重要贡献的故事。故选D。
8~11.【答案】C、A、B、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一部广受好评的纪录片《人生一串》。这部纪录片向观众展示了中国多姿多彩的烧烤文化，被誉为中国版的《深夜食堂》。
根据第一段中的A new series, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food cooked over hot coals... across the country（一部名为《中国烧烤》(Chinese Barbecue)的新剧讲述了这种流行食物在全国各个城镇的每个街角用热煤烹制的故事。）可知，Chinese Barbecue系列讲述了中国城市和城镇每个角落中的流行食物——烧烤的故事，故选C。
2. 根据第三段中的He said that Midnight Diner focused more on food itself... In contrast, the night food scene of Chinese people means joy and a more lively spirit（他说《深夜食堂》更关注食物本身，尽管在人们吃饭的时候也会有一些对话。相比之下，中国人的夜宵场景意味着欢乐和更活泼的气氛。）可知，《深夜食堂》更关注食物本身，而《人生一串》更关注吃饭的人的感受。故选A。
3. 根据第四段中的The barbecue is where you go to become connected to people in society.（烧烤是你与社会上的人建立联系的地方。）和the barbecue lets people relax with old friends and new friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship（烧烤让人们与老朋友和新朋友一起放松，留下持久的友谊印象）可知，本段通过烧烤与家里制作的食物和商务午餐的对比，说明了烧烤可以将人们的关系拉近，使人们放松，留下持久的友谊。故选B。
4. 根据最后一段中的What we should do is to present the Chinese barbecue... the world will recognize it and might fall in love with it just as we do.（我们应该做的是展示中国烧烤的本来面貌，因为有了它特殊的食材、烹饪方法，更重要的是，有了特殊的环境和人群，世界就会认识它，并像我们一样爱上它。）可知，展示中国烧烤的特色可以让世界了解并爱上中国烧烤文化，更好地了解中国。故选A。
12~15.【答案】D、B、D、A
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了月亮树的起源、发展及目前在美国的栽种情况。
根据第二段中的The seeds were sorted—there were 400-500 in total—and another set of seeds remained on Earth as a control sample (对照样本).（这些种子被分类——总共有400-500颗种子——另一组种子留在地球上作为对照样本。）可知，另外一批种子被留在地球上，目的是跟带上月球的种子进行对比，看看太空之旅对种子是否有影响。故选D。
2. 根据画线词后的However... Nearly all of the seeds began to sprout (发芽), and after a few years, the Forest Service had more than 420 young moon trees.（然而，林务局还是将种子送到了他们的两个站点。几乎所有的种子都开始发芽，几年后，林业局就有了420多棵幼树。）可知，全体工作人员以为这些种子不会发芽，但是最后几乎所有的种子都发芽了，并在几年后长成了420多株幼小的月亮树。故此处germinate意为“发芽，开始生长”。故选B。
3. 根据最后一段中的The number of moon trees has increased over the years, as cuttings were taken off moon trees and replanted（ 这些年来，月亮树的数量不断增加，因为人们从月亮树上取下枝条，然后重新种植。）可知，多年来，因为扦插技术，月亮树的数量已经增加了，由此可推知D项句意相符。故选D。
4. 本文介绍了月亮树的起源、发展及目前在美国的栽种情况。故A项最能概括本文大意。故选A。
16~20.【答案】D、G、C、F、E
【解析】1. 【文章大意】中国是世界上第一个使用纸币的国家，本文主要说明了从物物交换到纸币的发展历程。
根据空后的This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (物物交换).（这种用商品和服务交换其他商品和服务的方式叫做物物交换。）可知，本段介绍的是货币发展最早期的物物交换。D项For example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.属于物物交换的例子。故选D。
2. 根据空后的In about 1900 BC, people in China began to use shells as money.（大约在公元前1900年，中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币。）可知，随着经济发展，物物交换变得不现实，人们开始使用贝壳作为货币。G项起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
3. 根据空前的 In the years which followed this invention,many other countries around the world began to do the same（在这项发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做。）可知，很多国家也和古代的中国一样，使用贝壳作为货币。故选C。
4. 根据空后的The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could tie them together.（最初的硬币通常有洞，这样人们可以把它们系在一起。）和本段内容可知，本段介绍了金属货币，故F项It wasn't long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.（不久以后中国人就制造了圆形的金属货币。）符合语境。故选F。
5. 根据空前的the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people in the Song Dynasty（中国人民在宋朝制造了第一张纸币）可知，在宋朝，中国最早出现了纸币。E项中的paper money与空前的paper banknotes相照应。故选E。
21~35.【答案】C、A、D、D、A、C、C、A、A、B、B、B、C、B、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】作者的奶奶是在严重饥荒时被抚养长大的，这塑造了奶奶独立自强的好品质，而正是这些好品质支撑奶奶度过了那段艰难时光，同时这也是作者需要学习的。
句意：她抱怨说无事可做。A.believe相信；B.ignore忽视；C.complain抱怨；D.declare宣称。根据下文中的that there was nothing to do可知，奶奶抱怨说没什么事可做。故选C。
2. 句意：但是当我在上学，我的父母在工作，我的奶奶，感到无聊，来到这一小块土地。A.bored烦闷的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.concerned担心的；D.confused迷惑的。根据上文中的But while I was at school and my parents were at work可知，因为作者上学，父母工作，所以奶奶人在家感到无聊。故选A。
3. 句意：她把一年生植物拔了出来，换上整齐排列的大葱和其他蔬菜。A.cover遮盖；B.surround环绕；C.decorate装饰；D.replace用……替换。根据下文中的with orderly rows of green onions可知，空处需用replaced，表示把一年生植物拔出来换成大葱。故选D。
4. 句意同上。A.tree树；B.flower花；C.grass草；D.vegetable蔬菜。根据上文中的green onions可知，此处指其他蔬菜。故选D。
5. 句意：我让她住手，把花留下。“它们很漂亮，但它们无用。”她就事论事地说。A.useless无用的；B.alive有活力的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.unnatural不自然的。根据上文中的She pulled out the annuals（一年生植物）可知，奶奶认为它们是无用的，才会把它们拔出来。故选A。
6. 句意：奶奶是在大饥荒中长大的。A.pick up捡起；B.let down使失望；C.bring up养育，抚养；D.take in收留。根据下文中的at the time of a severe famine（严重饥荒）和上下文语境可知，此处指作者的奶奶是在严重饥荒时被抚养长大的。故选C。
7. 句意：她失去了父母，一切都靠自己。然而，她从来没有向任何人哭诉过这件事。A.Besides除……之外；B.Otherwise否则；C.However然而；D.Instead代替。上文说奶奶失去了父母，一切都靠自己，下文说她从未向任何人哭诉此事，前后表示转折，所以空处需用However。故选C。
8. 句意：不同的时代造就不同的人物。A.create创造；B.maintain供养；C.contain包含；D.select选择。根据下文中的My grandma was shaped by the (49) of her family members and the difficulties in China's recent history和常识可知，不同的时代造就了独特的品质。故选A。
9. 句意：我的祖母受到了失去家人和中国近代史上困难的影响。A.loss失去；B.option可选择的事物；C.duty责任；D.love爱。根据上文中的She lost her parents and did everything on her own可知，此处指失去亲人。故选A。
10. 句意：那些经历过饥荒的人自然不愿意用宝贵的土地种花。A.spotted注意到；B.experienced经历；C.approached靠近；D.researched调查。根据下文中的the famine are, naturally, unwilling to use valuable land to plant flowers可知，此处表示那些经历过饥荒的人，自然不愿意利用宝贵的土地来种花。故选B。
11. 句意：她的独立、责任心和勤奋帮助她度过了那些艰难的岁月。A.intelligence智慧；B.independence独立；C.patience耐心；D.confidence信心。根据上文中的She lost her parents and did everything on her own可知，此处指奶奶的独立。故选B。
12. 句意：这些品质是是岁月积淀下来的，现在改变它们会让她伤心。A.scare使恐惧；B.break使悲伤；C.puzzle使困惑；D.train训练。根据上文中的These qualities were developed over time, and to change them now可知，这些品质是岁月积淀下来的，如果现在改变这些品质，就会使奶奶伤心。故选B。
13. 句意：她是连接我们家族过去与未来的重要纽带——为了支持下一代，她与时代的挑战作斗争。A.change改变；B.difference不同之处；C.bridge桥梁，纽带；D.balance平衡。根据下文中的between my family's past and future可知，奶奶是作者家庭的过去和未来之间的重要纽带。故选C。
14. 句意同上。A.reduced减少；B.battled与……斗争；C.documented记录；D.prevented阻止。根据下文中的her times' challenges to support the next generation可知，此处指奶奶与她的时代的挑战作斗争来支持下一代。故选B。
15. 句意：有一天，我会像我的奶奶一样，为人类的前进贡献我的一份微薄的力量。A.attract吸引；B.contribute贡献；C.entrust委托；D.apply申请。根据下文my small part to human's moving on可知，作者认为总有一天，他会像他的奶奶一样，为人类的前进贡献他的一份微薄的力量。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
most famous
【小题2】
a
【小题3】
designing
【小题4】
of
【小题5】
to speak
【小题6】
eventually
【小题7】
himself
【小题8】
was published
【小题9】
that
【小题10】
achievements
【解析】1. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：著名的英国物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金是著名的科学家之一，他的智力天才和身体残疾使他在全球家喻户晓。分析句子结构可知，此处为one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数结构，应填形容词最高级，famous的最高级为most famous。故填most famous 。
2. 考查冠词。句意同上。name作“名人”讲时为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且household的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当他还是一个孩子的时候，他就很有创造力，对设计玩具很感兴趣，但不幸的是，在他20多岁的时候，他患上了一种无法治愈的疾病。design，意为“设计”，动词。此处介词in后应用动词-ing形式作宾语。故填designing。
4. 考查介词。句意：它逐渐剥夺了他的行动能力，使他只能呆在轮椅上，只能通过语音合成器说话。设空处考察rob sb. /sth. of sth.剥夺某人/某物所需或应得之物，为固定用法。故填of。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。设空处unable to do sth.无法做某事，为固定用法。故填to speak。
6. 考查词形转换。句意：然而，最终他不仅克服了所有的困难，而且还致力于发现宇宙的秘密。eventual最终的，形容词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用副词eventually 作状语。故填eventually 。
7. 考查代词。句意同上。设空处devote oneself to doing sth.致力于做某事，为固定用法。故填himself 。
8. 考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。句意：1988年，他的《时间简史》出版，在书中，他提出了时间本身有开端，也会有终结的观点。此处主语his book为单数，与publish是被动关系，应用被动语态be published；根据时间状语In 1988可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，be动词用was。故填was published。
9. 考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，他在物理学方面做出了杰出的贡献。设空处考察There is/was no doubt that...毫无疑问……的固定句型。故填that。
10. 考查词形转换。句意：然而，他的工作和发现将永远存在，他的成就将永远激励世界各地的人们。achieve取得，动词。设空处作主语，应用名词achievement，且achievement作“成就”时为可数名词，此处表示复数意义，应填achievements。故填achievements。
37.【答案】 Several days later, Grandfather put on his best suit for his first day of school. He arrived at the library an hour early. During that first class, he was so worried and nervous that he couldn't remember anything the teacher said. He felt very sad and even wanted to give up. Joey encouraged him and promised to help with his study. They learned together and worked hard on the lesson every day. He took over a lot of chores to give his grandfather more time to study. Grandfather's constant efforts earned considerable progress in the following months.
Months later, Grandfather said to Joey, "I just got a letter from Aunt Helen and let me read it to you." As Grandfather read, he pronounced each word very slowly. When he finished reading the letter, Joey cried. He was so proud of his grandfather for overcoming a lifelong obstacle that his chest felt as though it was about to burst. Grandfather looked up from the page and locked his tear-filled eyes on Joey. "Grandfather," said Joey, "good job! I'm so proud of you." Grandfather smiled back.
【解析】略
38.【答案】 ①Yuan Longping, who was born into a poor farmer's family, was known for developing the hybrid rice. His rice reduces food shortage, attracting the attention from the whole world. For his great achievement in increasing the output of the rice, he was honored as the "father of hybrid rice". ②Famous as he was, he cared little about money and fame. I am really inspired by his determination to get rid of hunger. I think we all should follow his example and become a person of great achievement.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本文是一篇记叙文，话题为介绍一位伟大的科学家。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①be known for因……而出名
②be inspired by受……激发；受……鼓舞
③was honored as被授予……
④get rid of 去除
【高分句型】
①Yuan Longping, who was born into a poor farmer's family, was known for developing the hybrid rice. (who引导的非限制性定语从句）
②Famous as he was, he cared little about money and fame. (as引导让步状语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：介绍一位伟大的科学家
中心：说明他/她的重大贡献
结尾：说明他/她对自己的启示
【拓展词汇】
①make a great contribution to对……做出巨大贡献
②lay a solid foundation for为……奠定坚实的基础
③be keen on热爱……
【拓展句型】
①All in all, on the way to success, one should bring his patience as well as perseverance. 总之，在成功的道路上，一个人需要耐心和毅力。
②It was my teacher who encouraged me and motivated me to study hard, convincing me that a rainbow comes after rain. 我的老师鼓励我并激励我努力学习，让我相信风雨之后会有彩虹。
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