2023年牛津译林版英语中考复习之连词

中考复习之连词
命题趋势特点
中考试题涉及连词的题目较多,该类题目约占总分值的8%。近几年关于连词的主要考查角度有以下几个方面:1.并列连词的用法;2.从属连词的用法;3.易混连词的辨析。中考对并列连词的考查侧重于对语境的正确理解,对从属连词的考查常见于含有宾语从句或状语从句的复合句中,重点是考查对连词的正集把握。
解题必备知识
一 并列连词
并列连词用来连接具有平行关系的单词、短语或句子,按其作用可分为并列、转折、选择和因果四大类。
1.表示并列关系的连词(词组)
常见的有 and(和),both...and...(······和······都),not only...but also...(不仅······而且······),neither...nor...(既不·····也不······)等。
We are reading and they are writing.我们在读书,他们在写字。
Not only you but also he wants to go fishing.
不仅你,而且他也想去钓鱼。
Neither I nor he has read the book
我没有读过那本书,他也没读过。
【注意】(1)在连接三个或三个以上相同的成分时,一般在最后两者之间加 and。
He got up,washed his face,had breakfast and rushed to school.
他起床后,洗了脸,吃完早饭,然后奔向学校。
2)neither...nor...和 not only..
语时,其谓语动词的数要与最近的主语保持一致。
Neither she nor I am a worker.她和我都不是工人。
Not only you but also he is a good student.
不但你而且他也是个好学生。
2.表示选择关系的连词(词组)
常见的有or(或者),either...or...(或者·····或者···)等。either...or...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要与最靠近它的那个主
语在人称和数上保持一致。
Is your friend a boy or a girl 你的朋友是男孩还是女孩
Either you or I do the washing.要么你,要么我洗衣服。
Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。
温馨提示
连词and 和or都可与祈使句连用,其结构分别为“祈使句十and-+简单句”和“祈使句十or+简单句”。
在“祈使句+and+简单句”句型中,and 前后是统一的;在“祈使句+or+简单句”句型中,or前后是对立的;and 或or后的简单
句常用一般将来时。两句都可以转换成“条件句十主句”形式,但要注意去掉or或 and。
Work hard,and you'll get good grades.=If you work hard,you'll get good grades.
努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
Get up early,or you'll be late for school.
=If you don't get up early,you'll be late for school.
早,点儿起床,否则你将会上学迟到。
3.表示转折关系的并列连词
常见的有 but(但是),yet(然而),while(而)等。but 常用于口语中,语气较强,指与前述情况相反,放于句中;yet but 语气弱,兼有转折和让步的意义;while 意为“而,然而”,用于对比两个人或事物。
I like shopping,but it takes me a lot of time.
我喜欢购物,但是它花费我大量的时间。
He has a good job,yet he never seems to have any money.
他有份好工作,然而却好像总也没有钱。
The winter of Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is very
warm.北京的冬天很冷,然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。
温馨提示
while在表示转折关系时,往往连接内容或结构对称的句子。
I love soccer while my brother likes tennis
我喜欢足球,然而我哥哥喜欢网球。
4.表示因果关系的并列连词
常见的有so(因此),for(因为,由于)等。s0表示结果,for补充说明理由,不用于句首。
It was late,so I went home.很晚了,因此我回家了。
I didn't finish my homework,for I was ill last night.
我没有完成家庭作业,因为昨天晚上我生病了。
【拓展】并列连词for引导的分句只能放在句尾,前面用逗号隔开,表示补充说明或提供推断的理由。
二 从属连词
从属连词连接两个或两个以上的句子,常用的从属连词有if,after,when,while,as,before,since,until,because等。
1.when,while,as等引导时间状语从句。
(1)when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别:
这三个词都有“当·····的时候”的意思。when表示主句动作紧接从句动作之后发生或同时发生:while 表示主句动作发生在从句动作
所发生的一段时间内,且常带有对照意味;as着重指从句动作与主句动作同时发生。
Jim was drawing a horse on the blackboard when the teacher
came in.老师进来时,吉姆正在黑板上画一匹马。
While you were reading the book,I was watching TV.
你看书时我在看电视。
As she stood there,she heard the first bell.
站在那儿时,她听到了第一次铃声。
(2)since(自从······)引导时间状语从句。
since 引导的从句常用一般过去时,主句常用完成时,且动词需用延续性动词。
Mary hasn't phoned since she went to America.
玛丽自从去了美国没有打来过电话。
(3)until/till(直到······为止)引导时间状语从句。
until 和till都可作连词,一般情况下可以互换。用于肯定句时,主句动词用延续性动词,所表示的动作一直延续到till,until表示的时间为止,意为“直到····为止”;用于否定句时,与 not构成固定结构,即not...until,意为“直到······才”,主句动词用非延续性动词,所表示的动作直到till,until 所表示的时间才发生。
Let's wait until the rain stops.咱们等到雨停吧。
Tom didn't leave until I came back.直到我回来,汤姆才离开。
(4)as soon as(-·····就)引导时间状语从句。
as soon as引导的时间状语从句前后时态搭配:
主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来
I will tell him the news as soon us he comes back.
他一回来,我就会告诉他这个消息。
主句为一般过去时,从句也用一般过去时
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.他一坐下就拿出他的英语书。
(5)whenever(在任何····的时候,每当)引导时间状语从句。
You can ask for help whenever you need it.
任何时候你需要帮助都可以提出来。
2.because(因为),as(由于),since(既然)等引导原因状语从句。
(1)because(因为)语气最强烈,表示直接原因,可用来回答why引导的问句,可以置于主句之后,也可以置于主句之前。
I didn't come to the party because my mother was ill.
因为我妈妈病了,所以我没有来参加聚会。
温馨提示
because 和so不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其中之一,翻译成汉语仍然是“因为·····.,所以···...".
Everyone in our school knew him,so we had no trouble in finding him.
=Because everyone in our school knew him,we had no trouble in finding him.
因为我们学校里每个人都认识他,所以我们不费劲儿就找到了他。
(2)as(由于,鉴于)语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因。
As it is cold outside,we'll put on our overcoats.
因为外边冷,所以我们要穿上外套。
(3)since(因为,既然)常用于口语中,语气比 because弱,但比as强,表示显然的或已知的理由。since 引导的从句常位于主句前。
Since everyone is here,let's begin our lesson.
既然大家都来了,咱们开始上课吧。
3.if(如果),unless(除非),as long as(只要)等引导条件状语从句。
I will be happy if you are happy.如果你高兴,我就高兴。
My father will go fishing if it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天气好我父亲将去钓鱼。
I sleep with the window open unless it's really cold.
我开着窗睡觉,除非天很冷。
As long as you understand,we'll say no more about it.
只要你明白,我们就不再说这件事了。
温馨提示
if,unless,as long as 引导条件状语从句时,若主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词can,则从句用一般现在时表将来,即“主将从现”。
4.though/although(虽然,尽管),even if(使)引导让步状语从句。
Though he has faults,yet I like him.
虽然他有缺点,但我还是喜欢他。
温馨提示
though/although but不能同时出现在一个句子里,只用其一,翻译成汉语时仍译成“虽然·····,但是···...”。但though/although可以和yet同时出现在一个句子中,这里的yet是副词,不是连词。
Though Australia is very large,the population is quite small.
=Australia is very large,but the population iquite small.
=Though Australia is very large,yet the population is quite small.
虽然澳大利亚很大,但人口很少。
【拓展】whether 也可引导让步状语从句,意为“不管······(还是)”,表示两种情况都真实。
I'm going whether you like it or not.
不管你愿不愿意,我都要走」。
5.so...that...(如此······以至于)和 such...that...(如此······以至于..····)中that 引导结果状语从句。
(1)so...that...中so是副词,所以其后要跟形容词或副词。
such...that
It was so fine yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.
昨天天气很好,我们都出去野餐了。
He speaks so fast that I can't follow him.
他讲得如此快以至于我跟不上他。
(2)such...that...中 such 是形容词,所以其后要跟名词或名词短语。
He is such a hardworking boy that he always gets the highest grade.
他是一个如此努力的男孩以至于他总是得最高分。
These are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.
这是些如此有趣的书,以至于我想再看一遍。
温馨提示
当名词前有many,much,few,little(少)等词修饰时,只能用so...that...结构,即“so+many/much/few/little(少)十名词十that从句”。
There was so much work to do that everybody got bored.
有这么多工作要做,大家都感到厌烦了。
There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us.
缸里的水太少,不够我们所有人用。
【拓展】so...that结构中 that 引导结果状语从句,若 that 从句为否定句,可与 not...enough...或too...to...结构进行同义句转换。
The little girl is so young that she can't go to school.
=The little girl is not old enough to go to school.
=The little girl is too young to go to school.
这个小女孩太小,不能去上学。
6.so that(为了,以便),in order that(为了,以便)等引导目的状语从句。
He gets up early in the morning so that he can·catch the early bus.
他早晨早起床,为的是能赶上早班公共汽车。
He played the piano very gently in order that the child could not be woken up.
为了不吵醒孩子,他轻轻地弹钢琴。
【拓展】so that,in order that 引导目的状语从句时有时可转换为 in order to do结构。
I worked hard so that I could finish my work on time.
=I worked hard in order to finish my work on time.
我努力工作以便能按时完成工作。
【注意】so that意为“因此”时,用于引导结果状语从句。
The teacher explained very clearly so that we all understood.
老师解释得非常清楚,因此我们都听懂了。
7.as...as...(和······一样),than(比)等引导比较状语从句。
I walk as fast as Tom (does).我和汤姆走得一样快。
The plan turned out better than I had expected.
计划结果比我预料的好。