人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单元能力提升（含答案）
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Unit 1 People of achievement
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Children's Museum of Oak Ridge
Located in a historic Manhattan Project-era building, this museum is the place for visitors to learn about art, science, history, culture, and healthy living. With over 20 child-friendly exhibits to explore, it provides something of interest for everyone.
Address: 461 W. Outer Dr. Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Admission: Adults-$8.00; Seniors-$7.00; Children 3& Up-$6.00; Children under 3-Free.
Children's Museum of Science and Technology (CMOST)
Founded in 1954, CMOST is the region's only science center. CMOST provides an engaging, child-directed learning environment which enables children to learn and grow through play. Designed for children aged 18 months through the tween years, the museum enables children to observe, think, and learn in a pressure-free environment by pairing creative educational tools and techniques with engaging exhibits to support active learning.
Address: 250 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180
Admission: $8.00 per person aged 2 and up.
African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI)
The AAMI is a statewide museum aimed at keeping and teaching Iowa's African American history. As Iowa's leading educational resource on the topic, it educates more than 30,000 people each year through museum tours, travelling exhibits, research services, youth and adult education programs, and community and fundraising events.
Address: 55 12th Avenue SE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52401
Admission: Adults-$6.00; Seniors-$5.00; Students/Youth-$3.50; Children under 5-Free.
Kingman Museum
Kingman Museum is a hidden treasure in Southwest Michigan housing an extensive (大量的) natural history collection. As a local landmark in Battle Creek for over 80 years, Kingman Museum works to provide a universal place of hands-on learning for the community.
Address: 175 Limit St. Battle Creek, MI 49037
Admission: Free.
1. What can we know about CMOST
A. It is a statewide museum.
B. It used to be a science lab.
C. It uses creative educational tools.
D. It is designed for children to play.
2. What s the goal of African American Museum of Iowa
A. Exhibiting artworks.
B. Raising funds for programs.
C. Protecting the African American history.
D. Providing learning sites for communities.
3. Which museum charges a child aged 5 $6.00
A. Kingman Museum.
B. Children's Museum of Oak Ridge.
C. African American Museum of Iowa.
D. Children's Museum of Science and Technology.
B
Being highly successful in any field is pretty rare. It takes a combination of natural talent, luck, determination, and plenty of outside support for someone to make it big in sports, entertainment, or business. But what if competing is all that matters to you, whether you are likely to succeed or not This was the goal of Michael Edwards, better known as Eddie "The Eagle" Edwards, and his reaching that goal was an amazing achievement.
Born in the UK in 1963, Edwards was a passionate downhill skier whose dream was to compete for Britain in world-class competitions. He would have liked to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didn't qualify. Seeing his chance elsewhere, he switched to ski jumping. Ski jumping didn't cost as much as downhill skiing, and there was almost no competition for a place on the British team.
But a number of hurdles could have meant the end of Edwards' dream. He weighed more than most competitors. He had no financial support for his training. Poor eyesight meant that he had to wear glasses under his goggles-not a good thing when they steamed up at high altitudes. But he couldn't let any of these discourage him. He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete. Winning wasn't the point. Having the opportunity to try was all he cared about. And nothing could stop him from trying.
In the end, Edwards took 55th place at the 1987 World Championships. He then went on to the 1988 Winter Olympics where he finished last. Many athletes would have been embarrassed about this result, but he is proud of his achievements to this day. His determination to fight against all the odds made him a global hero, and in 2016, the inspiring film Eddie the Eagle was made about his life.
4. Why did Michael Edwards choose ski jumping
A. It was more popular. B. It needed fewer skills.
C. There was little competition. D. There was free equipment.
5. What does the underlined word "hurdles" mean in paragraph 3
A. Doubts. B. Obstacles. C. Changes. D. Options.
6. What made Michael Edwards outstanding
A. His passion for the sport.
B. His determination to win.
C. His attitude towards the Olympics.
D. His ability to overcome physical disabilities.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. Michael Edwards:A Household Athlete.
B. Michael Edwards:Took Every Chance to Learn.
C. Competition Is All That Matters to Michael Edwards.
D. Nothing Can Stop Michael Edwards Seeking Success.
C
The development and testing of self-driving car technology has seen major progress in recent years. But engineers are working on other kinds of autonomous vehicles too—including some built for water.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have been developing autonomous water vehicles called "Roboat". The word is a combination of "robot" and "boat". The project—which began in 2016— aims to create a group of boats to transport goods and people along the waterways of Amsterdam. The Dutch capital has been called"the most watery city in the world" because of its large network of canals.
The engineers centred past efforts on autonomous boats designed to transport small goods. But the project's latest creation, the Roboat Ⅱ, can also carry passengers. The electric-powered Roboat Ⅱ has four propellers (螺旋桨) that permit it to move in any direction. It is equipped with a series of cameras and sensors to guide its movements. It also uses light lasers to map the environment and measure distances. The Roboat Ⅱ measures two meters by one meter and weighs about 80 kilograms. The model can carry two passengers.
The MIT team is currently developing its third autonomous water vehicle. That boat is expected to be four meters long and is designed to carry up to six passengers.
The team says its autonomous system is designed to involve separate boats working together. For example, Roboat Ⅱ vehicles can link up (连接) in larger groups guided by a leader boat, the researchers say. The follower boats can travel next to the leader boat, in front of it or in back of it. This ability can greatly increase the possibilities of autonomous water vehicles meant to transport goods.
The MIT team plans to use what it has learned from its first two Roboats to create a model of its biggest autonomous boat yet. The researchers will test that boat in Amsterdam, as well. After that, the team plans to start testing the vehicles in environments with "noisier waters", such as conditions found in the ocean.
8. What is the purpose of MIT's project
A. To help build a watery city.
B. To solve the traffic problems in Amsterdam.
C. To build self-driving water vehicles for delivery.
D. To make full use of the network of canals in cities.
9. What can we learn about the Roboat Ⅱ
A. It is guided by light lasers.
B. It is flexible in turning round.
C. It has already been used widely.
D. It can transport 6 people at a time.
10. What does "This ability" in paragraph 5 refer to
A. Connecting separate boats. B. Directing a leader boat.
C. Carrying goods and passengers. D. Making way for other boats.
11. What can we infer about the Roboats in the future
A. They are lighter. B. They are fully automatic.
C. They are more adaptable. D. They are environment-friendly.
D
If you turn over a plastic bottle, like those we use to drink water, you' ll notice a number "1"—that means it's made of a material called PET. Some bags, like the kind that holds milk or coffee, get a "2", meaning they' re made of a material called HDPE. At material recovery factories, plastic gets sorted based on these numbers (they go up to 7), which show how recyclable it is.
Plastic numbered 1 and 2 is recyclable. It can be made into carpet, clothing, plastic packages, as well as other products, according to Live Science.
Recycling gets more difficult with higher numbers, called "mixed plastic". This waste makes up 69% of all the plastic we use in daily life. It's much more expensive to deal with than that numbered 1 and 2. In the past, mixed plastic would be sent to other countries. But two years ago, almost no country bought foreign plastic waste.
Recycling companies had to find a new market, but many failed. For example, in Los Angeles, recycling companies still won't recycle any plastic with numbers higher than 2. Instead, they are burying or burning it.
According to Live Science, what the USA needs are machines that can be used to recycle other kinds of plastic. But Hocevar, a scientist, comes up with a different solution:"The really simple answer is that there isn't so much throwaway plastic in the world."
Someone may ask, "Is recycling worth it "For bottles with "1" or "2", the answer is "yes". There's also a growing market for plastic numbered "5", a flexible plastic that includes yogurt containers. For other numbers, the answer is simpler: a "no" on numbers 3, 4, 6 and 7.
12. What does the number on plastic products mean
A. How recyclable the products are.
B. Where the products were made.
C. What recycling technology is needed.
D. Where the products would end up.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The cost to recycle mixed plastic.
B. The solution to dealing with plastic waste.
C. The plastic waste in our daily life.
D. The difficulty in recycling mixed plastic.
14. What is Hocevar's suggestion
A. Burning or burying mixed plastic.
B. Stopping producing mixed plastic products.
C. Making more machines to recycle mixed plastic.
D. Selling mixed plastic products to other countries.
15. Where might you find a number "5"
A. On a medicine bottle. B. On a coffee bag.
C. On a yogurt container. D. On a water bottle.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Nobel, who was born in Stockholm, is a great scientist famous for his dangerous experiments.
Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and 1859. (1) As is known, bomb (炸弹) is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition. Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths. (2) He received criticism (批评), but he continued with the work rather than losing heart. From 1860s to 1880s, Nobel made many achievements and his inventions were first used in building roads and digging tunnels. Most of the bombs were safer and more possible to be controlled. Even at the end of the 20th century, we still used his methods.
Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries. (3) And he built up many companies in different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.
(4) Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth, he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end towars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause. To follow his will, a fund was set up to encourage people to make great progress in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace. (5)
A. Everyone knows the story of his famous invention.
B. After that he had to experiment on a boat in a lake.
C. After his return, he started researching into bombs.
D. That's the Nobel Prize which means great honor to the winners.
E. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions.
F. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange.
G. But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. A shepherd named Zhu Keming (21) to pull six runners to (22) in a 100-kilometer cross-country race in China's Gansu Province.
The day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was (23) his flock (羊群) as usual. Then in the space of a few moments, everything (24) . As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land, Zhu took (25) in a small cave he'd been using for years to (26) emergency supplies.
It was from this point that Zhu (27) that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave to (28) him up. After lighting a fire, Zhu returned to the mountainside, (29) five additional runners to the cave. There's little (30) that he finally saved their lives. (31) for the sudden change in the weather, most racers were wearing lightweight clothing that was no (32) for the coldness. The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.
"I want to say how (33) I am to the man who saved me," runner Zhang Xiaotao posted on Sina Weibo. "Without him, I would have been (34) there." While Zhu is being praised as a hero in his homeland, the (35) shepherd doesn't see the reason for all the fuss. He says he's just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing.
21. A. tested the waters B. answered the call
C. did the trick D. braved the elements
22. A. safety B. debate C. stages D. challenges
23. A. tending B. hunting C. tracking D. trapping
24. A. worked B. changed C. existed D. improved
25. A. charge B. chances C. shelter D. notes
26. A. create B. check C. store D. discover
27. A. noticed B. evaluated C. explained D. acknowledged
28. A. pick B. stand C. warm D. cheer
29. A. following B. welcoming C. attracting D. guiding
30. A. risk B. doubt C. contact D. evidence
31. A. Sorry B. Anxious C. Hungry D. Unprepared
32. A. match B. need C. comparison D. cause
33. A. regretful B. awful C. grateful D. helpful
34. A. put out B. left out C. brought in D. taken in
35. A. generous B. honest C. patient D. humble
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. 24-year-old female space commander has become (1) Internet celebrity (名人) on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme. The Chang'e-5 mission is China's (2) (three) successful Moon landing in seven years. Zhou Chengyu was (3) charge of the rocket connector system-described as a key role. Her story in particular has resonated (产生共鸣) with the public given her young age. Social media users have been celebrating her achievement, (4) (refer) to her as the pride of the country.
Being the (5) (young) commander at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, Zhou Chengyu is known at work as "Big Sister"as a sign of respect. (6) (high) responsible for work as she is, Zhou is just like her peers in normal life. The huge amount of interest in the Guizhou Province native has not appeared (7) (have) much of an effect on her, however.
According to her teammate, Zhou Chengyu was very surprised when she (8) (find) reports about her went viral online. And she kept saying that she was nobody but an ordinary worker at a launch site, and that there are a lot more people (9) go unnoticed while doing the hardest job to ensure a better future for the Chinese space program. She wished to remain her present status and continue doing her work with or without the (10) (popular).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn't see some rain soon, we would lose everything. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and saw the best miracle in my life.
I was making lunch for the family in the kitchen when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. I went back to make sandwiches thinking that whatever task he had been doing was completed.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that unusual way toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping his hands in front of him as he walked, being very careful not to spill the water he carried. I stepped close as he went into the woods. Branches slapped (拍) his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He might have a much greater purpose, I thought. As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. Several large deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them, at the sight of which I almost screamed (高声喊) at him to get away. A huge buck (雄鹿) was dangerously close. But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to drink the water in my boy's hands.
Paragraph 1:
When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 你校最近开展了“名人故事”分享活动，请你根据下面的内容给校报英文版写一篇英语短文，介绍你最喜欢的一位名人，内容主要包括:
（1）对该人物的简单介绍；
（2）喜欢该人物的理由；
（3）从该人物身上得到的启示。
注意:
（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了四家博物馆。
根据Children s Museum of Science and Technology (CMOST) 部分中的learn in a pressure-free environment...to support active learning（通过将创造性的教育工具和技术与引人入胜的展览相结合，在一个无压力的环境中学习，以支持积极的学习。）可知，这家博物馆通过将创造性的教育工具、技术与有趣的展览结合在一起来引导孩子积极学习，故选C。
2. 根据African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI) 部分中的The AAMI is a statewide museum aimed at keeping and teaching Iowa s African American history（AAMI是保存和教授爱荷华州 非裔美国人历史的全州博物馆）可知，这家博物馆是一家州级博物馆，目的是保存和教育人们关于艾奥瓦州非裔美国人的历史，故C项正确。故选C。
3. 根据Children's Museum of Oak Ridge部分中的Adults-$8.00; Seniors-$7.00; Children 3& Up-$6.00; Children under 3-Free.可知，这家博物馆的收费标准是3岁及3岁以上的孩子收6美元，3岁以下的孩子免费，故选B。
4~7.【答案】C、B、A、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了一位叫Michael Edwards的运动员，他热爱运动，克服重重困难参加比赛并为自己的成绩骄傲。他认为比赛重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛。
根据第二段中的He would have liked to represent...here was almost no competition for a place on the British team（他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬奥会，但当时有很多速降选手，爱德华兹没有获得资格。看到机会在别处，他转向了跳台滑雪。跳台滑雪不像速降滑雪花费那么多，而且在英国代表队中几乎没有竞争。）可知，他本想代表自己的国家参加1984年冬季奥运会，但有大量的速降滑雪选手，Michael Edwards没有获得参赛资格。看到他在别处的机会，他改行跳台滑雪。跳台滑雪的成本没有速降滑雪那么高，而且在英国队中几乎没有竞争。可知Michael Edwards 选择跳台滑雪是因为它竞争小。故选C。
2. 根据画线词后的He weighed more than...not a good thing...couldn t let any of these discourage him（他比大多数竞争者都重。他的培训没有经济支持。由于视力不好，他不得不在护目镜下戴眼镜——当他们在高海拔地区冒蒸汽时，这可不是件好事。但他不能让任何一件事挫伤他的信心。）可知，他的体重比大多数竞争者都重。他的训练没有经济支持。视力差意味着他不得不在护目镜下戴眼镜。这些都是他遇到的障碍，故B项（阻碍）与划线词意思最接近。故选B。
3. 根据全文内容，尤其是第二段中的a passionate downhill skier（热情的速降滑雪者），第三段中的He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete（他认为自己是一个真正的体育爱好者，只是想有机会参加比赛）可知，Michael Edwards很喜欢运动。故选A。
4. 本文讲述了一位叫Michael Edwards的运动员，他热爱运动，克服重重困难参加比赛并为自己的成绩骄傲，认为比赛重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛，故C项最适合作文章的标题。故选C。
8~11.【答案】C、B、A、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了科学家们新设计的自动驾驶船，它可以用来运送货物和乘客。
根据第二段中的The project...aims to create a group of boats to transport goods and people along the waterways of Amsterdam（该项目始于2016年，旨在创建一组船只，沿着阿姆斯特丹的水路运输货物和人员。）可知，MIT的项目的目的是建造用来运送货物和人的自动驾驶船。故选C。
2. 根据第三段中的The electric-powered RoboatⅡhas four propellers (螺旋桨) that permit it to move in any direction（电动机器人Ⅱ有四个螺旋桨，可以向任何方向移）可知，电动的自动驾驶船有4个螺旋桨，这允许它可以向各个方向移动，由此可推知，自动驾驶船转向灵活。故选B。
3. 根据第五段中的The team says...can link up (连接) in larger groups guided by a leader boat，the researchers say（该团队表示，其自主系统被设计成让不同的船只协同工作。例如，研究人员说，RoboatⅡ车辆可以在领头船的引导下，在更大的群体中连接。）可知，RoboatⅡ能够将一些船连接起来。故选A。
4. 根据最后一段内容（麻省理工学院的研究团队计划利用他们从前两个机器人身上学到的知识，创建一个迄今为止最大的自动驾驶船的模型。研究人员也将在阿姆斯特丹对这艘船进行测试。之后，该团队计划开始在“更嘈杂的水域”中测试这些飞行器，比如在海洋中发现的条件。）可知，MIT计划造一个最大的这种自动驾驶船的模型，并在Amsterdam进行测试，之后开始在更复杂的环境例如大海中测试。由此可推知，自动驾驶船在未来适应不同环境的能力会更强。故选C。
12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了目前塑料制品的回收情况。
根据第一段中的At material recovery factories...which show how recyclable it is（在材料回收工厂，塑料是根据这些数字进行分类的（最高可达7），这表明了它的可回收性。）可知，塑料是依据它上面的数字被分类的，这些数字表示它的可回收性。故选A。
2. 根据本段内容可知，塑料的数字越大，其回收难度越大，混合塑料在我们日常生活使用的塑料中所占比例大、处理成本高，两年前几乎没有国家购买等。因此本段主要介绍了回收利用混合塑料的难度。故选D。
3. 根据第五段中的The really simple answer is that there isn t so much throwaway plastic in the world可知，Hocevar提出的解决办法是让世界上没有那么多一次性塑料，即停止生产混合塑料制品。故选B。
4. 根据最后一段中的There's also a growing market for plastic numbered "5", a flexible plastic that includes yogurt containers.（编号为“5”的塑料也有一个不断增长的市场，这是一种柔性塑料，包括酸奶容器。）可知，在酸奶容器上会发现数字5。故选C。
16~20.【答案】C、B、E、G、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了诺贝尔的生平及对科学研究发明的贡献。
根据上文中的Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and1859（1850年至1859年间，诺贝尔先后在美国和俄罗斯留学）以及下文中的As is known, bomb (炸弹) is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition（众所周知，炸弹对生命是危险的，但诺贝尔是在这样的条件下工作的）可知，上文提到诺贝尔出国留学，后文提到炸弹危险，由此可知，空处是在说明诺贝尔留学归来开始研究炸弹。选项C（回国后，他开始研究炸弹。）符合题意。故选C。
2. 根据上文中的Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths（有一次，他的实验室发生了一次大爆炸，完全摧毁了实验室，造成了一些人的死亡）可知，空处应当承接上文说明这次实验室爆炸造成的结果。B项（在那之后，他不得不在湖里的一艘船上做实验）符合语境。故选B。
3. 根据上文中的Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries（诺贝尔在英国和其他欧洲国家拥有许多专利）和下文中的And he built up many companies in different countries...industrialist（他在不同的国家建立了很多公司。事实上，他的伟大之处就在于他具有杰出的才能，能够把一个有独创性的科学家的品质与一个有远见的实业家的品质结合起来。）可知，诺贝尔很快就看到了他的科学发明在工业上的商机。故E项（他很快就看到了他科学发明的工业机会。）符合语境。故选E。
4. 根据下文中的Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, …money working for this cause.（他很少快乐，总是在寻找人生的意义，从青年时代起，他就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣。然而，他最大的愿望是看到和平的结束，从而实现国家间的和平，他为此花费了大量的时间和金钱。）可知，下文提到诺贝尔总是在寻找人生的意义，从年轻时起，他就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣，说明空处启示后文:诺贝尔主要关心的从来都不是赚钱，甚至不是科学发现，故G项（但诺贝尔主要关心的从来不是赚钱，甚至也不是科学发现。）符合语境。故选G。
5. 根据上文中的To follow his will...medicine, literature and peace.（按照他的意愿，设立了一个基金，鼓励人们在物理、化学、生理、医学、文学和和平方面取得巨大的进步。）可知，空处是对上文的总结，故D项（这是诺贝尔奖，对获奖者来说意味着巨大的荣誉。）符合语境。故选D。
21~35.【答案】D、A、A、B、C、C、A、C、D、B、D、A、C、B、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】在中国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野赛遭遇极端天气，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带。
句意：在中国甘肃省举行的100公里越野赛中，一位名叫朱克铭的牧羊人勇敢地将六名选手拉到了安全地带。A.tested the waters 试探；B.answered the call响应号召；C.did the trick达到目的；D.braved the elements冒着风雨。根据下文中的As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land...brought the man back to the cave可知，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带。故选D。
2. 句意同上。A.safety安全；B.debate辩论；C.stages阶段；D.challenges挑战。根据下文中的five additional runners to the cave. There's little (10) that he finally saved their lives.可知，此处safety符合语境。故选A。
3. 句意：朱克铭像往常一样在放羊。A.tending照管；B.hunting猎杀；C.tracking追踪；D.trapping陷阱 。根据he day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was (3) his flock (羊群) as usual.可知，朱克铭是位牧羊人，他像往常一样照看着他的羊群。故选A。
4. 句意：然后在几分钟的时间里，一切都变了。A.worked工作；B.changed改变；C.existed存在；D.improved提高。根据上文中的The day of the race started with mild weather和下文中的As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land可知，在片刻的时间里，一切都变了（changed）。故选B。
5. 句意：随着气温迅速下降，冻雨和大雪开始席卷大地，朱在一个小山洞里避难，这个山洞多年来一直用来储存应急物资。A.charge收费；B.chances机会；C.shelter避难；D.notes笔记。根据句意可知，固定短语take shelter“寻求庇护；避难”符合句意。故选C。
6. 句意同上。A.create创造；B.check核查；C.store储存；D.discover发现。根据句意可知，此处指这个山洞多年来一直用来储存应急物资，故选C。
7. 句意：就在这时，朱注意到其中一名选手出现了迷失方向和疼痛的症状。A.noticed注意到；B.evaluated评价；C.explained解释；D.acknowledged承认。根据下文中的that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave可知，朱克铭注意到其中一名选手似乎迷失了方向，处于痛苦之中。故选A。
8. 句意：朱把那个人带回到山洞里给他取暖。A.pick挑选；B.stand站；C.warm(使)温暖，变暖和；D.cheer欢呼。根据下文中的After lighting a fire可知，朱克铭把那个人带回山洞里为他取暖。故选C。
9. 句意：生火后，朱返回山腰，带领另外五名跑步者进入山洞。A.following跟着；B.welcoming欢迎；C.attracting吸引；D.guiding指引。根据Zhu returned to the mountainside, (9) five additional runners to the cave.可知，点燃一堆火后，朱克铭返回山坡，带领另外五名选手前往洞穴。故选D。
10. 句意：毫无疑问，他救了他们的命。A.risk风险；B.doubt疑问；C.contact联系；D.evidence证据。There's little doubt that...“毫无疑问......”，为固定短语，符合句意。故选B。
11. 句意：由于对天气的突然变化毫无准备，大多数参赛选手都穿着与寒冷不相称的轻便服装。A.Sorry遗憾，难过；B.Anxious焦虑的；C.Hungry饥饿的；D.Unprepared毫无准备的；根据下文中的most racers were wearing lightweight clothing可知，参赛选手对天气变化毫无准备。故选D。
12. 句意同上。A.match匹配；B.need需要；C.comparison比较；D.cause原因。固定短语no match for“无法对抗”符合句意。故选A。
13. 句意：跑步者张晓涛在新浪微博上写道：“我想说，我非常感谢那个救了我的人。”A.regretful后悔的；B.awful糟糕的；C.grateful感激的；D.helpful有帮助的。根据下文中的Without him, I would have been (14) there.可知，参赛选手张小涛很感激那个救了他的牧羊人。故选C。
14. 句意：如果没有他，我会被留在那里。A.put out扑灭；B.left out留下；C.brought in带来；D.taken in吸收。根据上文的描述可知，张小涛认为如果没有朱克铭，他可能会被留在那里。文中指会死在山坡上。故选B。
15. 句意：虽然朱克铭在家乡被誉为英雄，但这位善良的牧羊人并不认为有什么理由大惊小怪。他说他只是一个普通人，做了一件非常普通的事。A.generous慷慨的；B.honest诚实的；C.patient耐心的；D.humble谦虚的。根据上文他救人的事迹和下文中的He says he's just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing可知，朱克铭很善良。故选D。
36.【答案】【小题1】
an
【小题2】
third
【小题3】
in
【小题4】
referring
【小题5】
youngest
【小题6】
Highly
【小题7】
to have had
【小题8】
found
【小题9】
who/that
【小题10】
popularity
【解析】1. 此处泛指一名网络名人，且Internet的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2. 此处是指“第三次成功的月球着陆”，所以应用序数词。故填third。
3. in charge of为固定搭配，意为“负责”。故填in。
4. Social media users与refer之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用动词-ing形式。故填referring。
5. 根据后面的 at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site和空前的the可知，此处是指最年轻的指挥官。故填youngest。
6. 空处修饰形容词responsible，意为“很，非常”，应用副词Highly。故填Highly。
7. appear to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”，为固定用法，且此处表示已完成的动作，应用appear to have done sth.。故填to have had。
8. 根据was可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时。故填found。
9. 空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 who/that。
10. 此处作介词with及without的宾语，应用名词形式。故填popularity。
37.【答案】 When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to the tap. Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands. He knelt down, letting the drip slowly fill up his "cup". And now I knew what was going on. Obviously, he was afraid of being scolded for wasting water, so he avoided asking me for help. When he stood up and turned back, I walked toward him. His eyes were filled with tears. "Mom. I'm not wasting."
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops...and more drop...and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride. I can't believe it was raining!
【解析】略
38.【答案】 William Shakespeare, a great British writer, was born in 1564 and passed away in 1616. Hamlet andThe Merchant of Venice are two of his famous works.
①I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world. Besides, I really enjoy the beauty of the English language when reading his poems. ②I do agree with his saying "All the world's a stage". On this stage, everyone has his own role to play and I should try my best to play my role well.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达话题为校报英文版写一篇英语短文，介绍你最喜欢的一位名人。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①pass away去世
②try my best to尽力做
【高分句型】
① I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world.（because引导的原因状语从句）
②I do agree with his saying "All the world's a stage".（助动词do表示强调）
【结构布局】
引言：对该人物的简单介绍
中心：喜欢该人物的理由
结尾：从该人物身上得到的启示
【拓展词汇】
①have a great fancy for喜爱
②enjoy increasingly high popularity越来越受欢迎
③have a good taste of好好体验
【拓展句型】
①Glad/Pleased/Delighted to know that..., I think it a good choice to do sth.（很高兴得知……，我认为做某事是个不错的选择。）
②I recommend it mainly for the following two reasons.（我推荐它主要有以下两个原因。）
第18页，共18页
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Children's Museum of Oak Ridge
Located in a historic Manhattan Project-era building, this museum is the place for visitors to learn about art, science, history, culture, and healthy living. With over 20 child-friendly exhibits to explore, it provides something of interest for everyone.
Address: 461 W. Outer Dr. Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Admission: Adults-$8.00; Seniors-$7.00; Children 3& Up-$6.00; Children under 3-Free.
Children's Museum of Science and Technology (CMOST)
Founded in 1954, CMOST is the region's only science center. CMOST provides an engaging, child-directed learning environment which enables children to learn and grow through play. Designed for children aged 18 months through the tween years, the museum enables children to observe, think, and learn in a pressure-free environment by pairing creative educational tools and techniques with engaging exhibits to support active learning.
Address: 250 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180
Admission: $8.00 per person aged 2 and up.
African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI)
The AAMI is a statewide museum aimed at keeping and teaching Iowa's African American history. As Iowa's leading educational resource on the topic, it educates more than 30,000 people each year through museum tours, travelling exhibits, research services, youth and adult education programs, and community and fundraising events.
Address: 55 12th Avenue SE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52401
Admission: Adults-$6.00; Seniors-$5.00; Students/Youth-$3.50; Children under 5-Free.
Kingman Museum
Kingman Museum is a hidden treasure in Southwest Michigan housing an extensive (大量的) natural history collection. As a local landmark in Battle Creek for over 80 years, Kingman Museum works to provide a universal place of hands-on learning for the community.
Address: 175 Limit St. Battle Creek, MI 49037
Admission: Free.
1. What can we know about CMOST
A. It is a statewide museum.
B. It used to be a science lab.
C. It uses creative educational tools.
D. It is designed for children to play.
2. What s the goal of African American Museum of Iowa
A. Exhibiting artworks.
B. Raising funds for programs.
C. Protecting the African American history.
D. Providing learning sites for communities.
3. Which museum charges a child aged 5 $6.00
A. Kingman Museum.
B. Children's Museum of Oak Ridge.
C. African American Museum of Iowa.
D. Children's Museum of Science and Technology.
B
Being highly successful in any field is pretty rare. It takes a combination of natural talent, luck, determination, and plenty of outside support for someone to make it big in sports, entertainment, or business. But what if competing is all that matters to you, whether you are likely to succeed or not This was the goal of Michael Edwards, better known as Eddie "The Eagle" Edwards, and his reaching that goal was an amazing achievement.
Born in the UK in 1963, Edwards was a passionate downhill skier whose dream was to compete for Britain in world-class competitions. He would have liked to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didn't qualify. Seeing his chance elsewhere, he switched to ski jumping. Ski jumping didn't cost as much as downhill skiing, and there was almost no competition for a place on the British team.
But a number of hurdles could have meant the end of Edwards' dream. He weighed more than most competitors. He had no financial support for his training. Poor eyesight meant that he had to wear glasses under his goggles-not a good thing when they steamed up at high altitudes. But he couldn't let any of these discourage him. He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete. Winning wasn't the point. Having the opportunity to try was all he cared about. And nothing could stop him from trying.
In the end, Edwards took 55th place at the 1987 World Championships. He then went on to the 1988 Winter Olympics where he finished last. Many athletes would have been embarrassed about this result, but he is proud of his achievements to this day. His determination to fight against all the odds made him a global hero, and in 2016, the inspiring film Eddie the Eagle was made about his life.
4. Why did Michael Edwards choose ski jumping
A. It was more popular. B. It needed fewer skills.
C. There was little competition. D. There was free equipment.
5. What does the underlined word "hurdles" mean in paragraph 3
A. Doubts. B. Obstacles. C. Changes. D. Options.
6. What made Michael Edwards outstanding
A. His passion for the sport.
B. His determination to win.
C. His attitude towards the Olympics.
D. His ability to overcome physical disabilities.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. Michael Edwards:A Household Athlete.
B. Michael Edwards:Took Every Chance to Learn.
C. Competition Is All That Matters to Michael Edwards.
D. Nothing Can Stop Michael Edwards Seeking Success.
C
The development and testing of self-driving car technology has seen major progress in recent years. But engineers are working on other kinds of autonomous vehicles too—including some built for water.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have been developing autonomous water vehicles called "Roboat". The word is a combination of "robot" and "boat". The project—which began in 2016— aims to create a group of boats to transport goods and people along the waterways of Amsterdam. The Dutch capital has been called"the most watery city in the world" because of its large network of canals.
The engineers centred past efforts on autonomous boats designed to transport small goods. But the project's latest creation, the Roboat Ⅱ, can also carry passengers. The electric-powered Roboat Ⅱ has four propellers (螺旋桨) that permit it to move in any direction. It is equipped with a series of cameras and sensors to guide its movements. It also uses light lasers to map the environment and measure distances. The Roboat Ⅱ measures two meters by one meter and weighs about 80 kilograms. The model can carry two passengers.
The MIT team is currently developing its third autonomous water vehicle. That boat is expected to be four meters long and is designed to carry up to six passengers.
The team says its autonomous system is designed to involve separate boats working together. For example, Roboat Ⅱ vehicles can link up (连接) in larger groups guided by a leader boat, the researchers say. The follower boats can travel next to the leader boat, in front of it or in back of it. This ability can greatly increase the possibilities of autonomous water vehicles meant to transport goods.
The MIT team plans to use what it has learned from its first two Roboats to create a model of its biggest autonomous boat yet. The researchers will test that boat in Amsterdam, as well. After that, the team plans to start testing the vehicles in environments with "noisier waters", such as conditions found in the ocean.
8. What is the purpose of MIT's project
A. To help build a watery city.
B. To solve the traffic problems in Amsterdam.
C. To build self-driving water vehicles for delivery.
D. To make full use of the network of canals in cities.
9. What can we learn about the Roboat Ⅱ
A. It is guided by light lasers.
B. It is flexible in turning round.
C. It has already been used widely.
D. It can transport 6 people at a time.
10. What does "This ability" in paragraph 5 refer to
A. Connecting separate boats. B. Directing a leader boat.
C. Carrying goods and passengers. D. Making way for other boats.
11. What can we infer about the Roboats in the future
A. They are lighter. B. They are fully automatic.
C. They are more adaptable. D. They are environment-friendly.
D
If you turn over a plastic bottle, like those we use to drink water, you' ll notice a number "1"—that means it's made of a material called PET. Some bags, like the kind that holds milk or coffee, get a "2", meaning they' re made of a material called HDPE. At material recovery factories, plastic gets sorted based on these numbers (they go up to 7), which show how recyclable it is.
Plastic numbered 1 and 2 is recyclable. It can be made into carpet, clothing, plastic packages, as well as other products, according to Live Science.
Recycling gets more difficult with higher numbers, called "mixed plastic". This waste makes up 69% of all the plastic we use in daily life. It's much more expensive to deal with than that numbered 1 and 2. In the past, mixed plastic would be sent to other countries. But two years ago, almost no country bought foreign plastic waste.
Recycling companies had to find a new market, but many failed. For example, in Los Angeles, recycling companies still won't recycle any plastic with numbers higher than 2. Instead, they are burying or burning it.
According to Live Science, what the USA needs are machines that can be used to recycle other kinds of plastic. But Hocevar, a scientist, comes up with a different solution:"The really simple answer is that there isn't so much throwaway plastic in the world."
Someone may ask, "Is recycling worth it "For bottles with "1" or "2", the answer is "yes". There's also a growing market for plastic numbered "5", a flexible plastic that includes yogurt containers. For other numbers, the answer is simpler: a "no" on numbers 3, 4, 6 and 7.
12. What does the number on plastic products mean
A. How recyclable the products are.
B. Where the products were made.
C. What recycling technology is needed.
D. Where the products would end up.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The cost to recycle mixed plastic.
B. The solution to dealing with plastic waste.
C. The plastic waste in our daily life.
D. The difficulty in recycling mixed plastic.
14. What is Hocevar's suggestion
A. Burning or burying mixed plastic.
B. Stopping producing mixed plastic products.
C. Making more machines to recycle mixed plastic.
D. Selling mixed plastic products to other countries.
15. Where might you find a number "5"
A. On a medicine bottle. B. On a coffee bag.
C. On a yogurt container. D. On a water bottle.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Nobel, who was born in Stockholm, is a great scientist famous for his dangerous experiments.
Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and 1859. (1) As is known, bomb (炸弹) is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition. Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths. (2) He received criticism (批评), but he continued with the work rather than losing heart. From 1860s to 1880s, Nobel made many achievements and his inventions were first used in building roads and digging tunnels. Most of the bombs were safer and more possible to be controlled. Even at the end of the 20th century, we still used his methods.
Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries. (3) And he built up many companies in different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.
(4) Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth, he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end towars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause. To follow his will, a fund was set up to encourage people to make great progress in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace. (5)
A. Everyone knows the story of his famous invention.
B. After that he had to experiment on a boat in a lake.
C. After his return, he started researching into bombs.
D. That's the Nobel Prize which means great honor to the winners.
E. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions.
F. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange.
G. But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. A shepherd named Zhu Keming (21) to pull six runners to (22) in a 100-kilometer cross-country race in China's Gansu Province.
The day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was (23) his flock (羊群) as usual. Then in the space of a few moments, everything (24) . As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land, Zhu took (25) in a small cave he'd been using for years to (26) emergency supplies.
It was from this point that Zhu (27) that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave to (28) him up. After lighting a fire, Zhu returned to the mountainside, (29) five additional runners to the cave. There's little (30) that he finally saved their lives. (31) for the sudden change in the weather, most racers were wearing lightweight clothing that was no (32) for the coldness. The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.
"I want to say how (33) I am to the man who saved me," runner Zhang Xiaotao posted on Sina Weibo. "Without him, I would have been (34) there." While Zhu is being praised as a hero in his homeland, the (35) shepherd doesn't see the reason for all the fuss. He says he's just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing.
21. A. tested the waters B. answered the call
C. did the trick D. braved the elements
22. A. safety B. debate C. stages D. challenges
23. A. tending B. hunting C. tracking D. trapping
24. A. worked B. changed C. existed D. improved
25. A. charge B. chances C. shelter D. notes
26. A. create B. check C. store D. discover
27. A. noticed B. evaluated C. explained D. acknowledged
28. A. pick B. stand C. warm D. cheer
29. A. following B. welcoming C. attracting D. guiding
30. A. risk B. doubt C. contact D. evidence
31. A. Sorry B. Anxious C. Hungry D. Unprepared
32. A. match B. need C. comparison D. cause
33. A. regretful B. awful C. grateful D. helpful
34. A. put out B. left out C. brought in D. taken in
35. A. generous B. honest C. patient D. humble
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. 24-year-old female space commander has become (1) Internet celebrity (名人) on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme. The Chang'e-5 mission is China's (2) (three) successful Moon landing in seven years. Zhou Chengyu was (3) charge of the rocket connector system-described as a key role. Her story in particular has resonated (产生共鸣) with the public given her young age. Social media users have been celebrating her achievement, (4) (refer) to her as the pride of the country.
Being the (5) (young) commander at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, Zhou Chengyu is known at work as "Big Sister"as a sign of respect. (6) (high) responsible for work as she is, Zhou is just like her peers in normal life. The huge amount of interest in the Guizhou Province native has not appeared (7) (have) much of an effect on her, however.
According to her teammate, Zhou Chengyu was very surprised when she (8) (find) reports about her went viral online. And she kept saying that she was nobody but an ordinary worker at a launch site, and that there are a lot more people (9) go unnoticed while doing the hardest job to ensure a better future for the Chinese space program. She wished to remain her present status and continue doing her work with or without the (10) (popular).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn't see some rain soon, we would lose everything. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and saw the best miracle in my life.
I was making lunch for the family in the kitchen when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. I went back to make sandwiches thinking that whatever task he had been doing was completed.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that unusual way toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping his hands in front of him as he walked, being very careful not to spill the water he carried. I stepped close as he went into the woods. Branches slapped (拍) his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He might have a much greater purpose, I thought. As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. Several large deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them, at the sight of which I almost screamed (高声喊) at him to get away. A huge buck (雄鹿) was dangerously close. But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to drink the water in my boy's hands.
Paragraph 1:
When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 你校最近开展了“名人故事”分享活动，请你根据下面的内容给校报英文版写一篇英语短文，介绍你最喜欢的一位名人，内容主要包括:
（1）对该人物的简单介绍；
（2）喜欢该人物的理由；
（3）从该人物身上得到的启示。
注意:
（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了四家博物馆。
根据Children s Museum of Science and Technology (CMOST) 部分中的learn in a pressure-free environment...to support active learning（通过将创造性的教育工具和技术与引人入胜的展览相结合，在一个无压力的环境中学习，以支持积极的学习。）可知，这家博物馆通过将创造性的教育工具、技术与有趣的展览结合在一起来引导孩子积极学习，故选C。
2. 根据African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI) 部分中的The AAMI is a statewide museum aimed at keeping and teaching Iowa s African American history（AAMI是保存和教授爱荷华州 非裔美国人历史的全州博物馆）可知，这家博物馆是一家州级博物馆，目的是保存和教育人们关于艾奥瓦州非裔美国人的历史，故C项正确。故选C。
3. 根据Children's Museum of Oak Ridge部分中的Adults-$8.00; Seniors-$7.00; Children 3& Up-$6.00; Children under 3-Free.可知，这家博物馆的收费标准是3岁及3岁以上的孩子收6美元，3岁以下的孩子免费，故选B。
4~7.【答案】C、B、A、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文讲述了一位叫Michael Edwards的运动员，他热爱运动，克服重重困难参加比赛并为自己的成绩骄傲。他认为比赛重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛。
根据第二段中的He would have liked to represent...here was almost no competition for a place on the British team（他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬奥会，但当时有很多速降选手，爱德华兹没有获得资格。看到机会在别处，他转向了跳台滑雪。跳台滑雪不像速降滑雪花费那么多，而且在英国代表队中几乎没有竞争。）可知，他本想代表自己的国家参加1984年冬季奥运会，但有大量的速降滑雪选手，Michael Edwards没有获得参赛资格。看到他在别处的机会，他改行跳台滑雪。跳台滑雪的成本没有速降滑雪那么高，而且在英国队中几乎没有竞争。可知Michael Edwards 选择跳台滑雪是因为它竞争小。故选C。
2. 根据画线词后的He weighed more than...not a good thing...couldn t let any of these discourage him（他比大多数竞争者都重。他的培训没有经济支持。由于视力不好，他不得不在护目镜下戴眼镜——当他们在高海拔地区冒蒸汽时，这可不是件好事。但他不能让任何一件事挫伤他的信心。）可知，他的体重比大多数竞争者都重。他的训练没有经济支持。视力差意味着他不得不在护目镜下戴眼镜。这些都是他遇到的障碍，故B项（阻碍）与划线词意思最接近。故选B。
3. 根据全文内容，尤其是第二段中的a passionate downhill skier（热情的速降滑雪者），第三段中的He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete（他认为自己是一个真正的体育爱好者，只是想有机会参加比赛）可知，Michael Edwards很喜欢运动。故选A。
4. 本文讲述了一位叫Michael Edwards的运动员，他热爱运动，克服重重困难参加比赛并为自己的成绩骄傲，认为比赛重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛，故C项最适合作文章的标题。故选C。
8~11.【答案】C、B、A、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了科学家们新设计的自动驾驶船，它可以用来运送货物和乘客。
根据第二段中的The project...aims to create a group of boats to transport goods and people along the waterways of Amsterdam（该项目始于2016年，旨在创建一组船只，沿着阿姆斯特丹的水路运输货物和人员。）可知，MIT的项目的目的是建造用来运送货物和人的自动驾驶船。故选C。
2. 根据第三段中的The electric-powered RoboatⅡhas four propellers (螺旋桨) that permit it to move in any direction（电动机器人Ⅱ有四个螺旋桨，可以向任何方向移）可知，电动的自动驾驶船有4个螺旋桨，这允许它可以向各个方向移动，由此可推知，自动驾驶船转向灵活。故选B。
3. 根据第五段中的The team says...can link up (连接) in larger groups guided by a leader boat，the researchers say（该团队表示，其自主系统被设计成让不同的船只协同工作。例如，研究人员说，RoboatⅡ车辆可以在领头船的引导下，在更大的群体中连接。）可知，RoboatⅡ能够将一些船连接起来。故选A。
4. 根据最后一段内容（麻省理工学院的研究团队计划利用他们从前两个机器人身上学到的知识，创建一个迄今为止最大的自动驾驶船的模型。研究人员也将在阿姆斯特丹对这艘船进行测试。之后，该团队计划开始在“更嘈杂的水域”中测试这些飞行器，比如在海洋中发现的条件。）可知，MIT计划造一个最大的这种自动驾驶船的模型，并在Amsterdam进行测试，之后开始在更复杂的环境例如大海中测试。由此可推知，自动驾驶船在未来适应不同环境的能力会更强。故选C。
12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文介绍了目前塑料制品的回收情况。
根据第一段中的At material recovery factories...which show how recyclable it is（在材料回收工厂，塑料是根据这些数字进行分类的（最高可达7），这表明了它的可回收性。）可知，塑料是依据它上面的数字被分类的，这些数字表示它的可回收性。故选A。
2. 根据本段内容可知，塑料的数字越大，其回收难度越大，混合塑料在我们日常生活使用的塑料中所占比例大、处理成本高，两年前几乎没有国家购买等。因此本段主要介绍了回收利用混合塑料的难度。故选D。
3. 根据第五段中的The really simple answer is that there isn t so much throwaway plastic in the world可知，Hocevar提出的解决办法是让世界上没有那么多一次性塑料，即停止生产混合塑料制品。故选B。
4. 根据最后一段中的There's also a growing market for plastic numbered "5", a flexible plastic that includes yogurt containers.（编号为“5”的塑料也有一个不断增长的市场，这是一种柔性塑料，包括酸奶容器。）可知，在酸奶容器上会发现数字5。故选C。
16~20.【答案】C、B、E、G、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了诺贝尔的生平及对科学研究发明的贡献。
根据上文中的Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and1859（1850年至1859年间，诺贝尔先后在美国和俄罗斯留学）以及下文中的As is known, bomb (炸弹) is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition（众所周知，炸弹对生命是危险的，但诺贝尔是在这样的条件下工作的）可知，上文提到诺贝尔出国留学，后文提到炸弹危险，由此可知，空处是在说明诺贝尔留学归来开始研究炸弹。选项C（回国后，他开始研究炸弹。）符合题意。故选C。
2. 根据上文中的Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths（有一次，他的实验室发生了一次大爆炸，完全摧毁了实验室，造成了一些人的死亡）可知，空处应当承接上文说明这次实验室爆炸造成的结果。B项（在那之后，他不得不在湖里的一艘船上做实验）符合语境。故选B。
3. 根据上文中的Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries（诺贝尔在英国和其他欧洲国家拥有许多专利）和下文中的And he built up many companies in different countries...industrialist（他在不同的国家建立了很多公司。事实上，他的伟大之处就在于他具有杰出的才能，能够把一个有独创性的科学家的品质与一个有远见的实业家的品质结合起来。）可知，诺贝尔很快就看到了他的科学发明在工业上的商机。故E项（他很快就看到了他科学发明的工业机会。）符合语境。故选E。
4. 根据下文中的Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, …money working for this cause.（他很少快乐，总是在寻找人生的意义，从青年时代起，他就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣。然而，他最大的愿望是看到和平的结束，从而实现国家间的和平，他为此花费了大量的时间和金钱。）可知，下文提到诺贝尔总是在寻找人生的意义，从年轻时起，他就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣，说明空处启示后文:诺贝尔主要关心的从来都不是赚钱，甚至不是科学发现，故G项（但诺贝尔主要关心的从来不是赚钱，甚至也不是科学发现。）符合语境。故选G。
5. 根据上文中的To follow his will...medicine, literature and peace.（按照他的意愿，设立了一个基金，鼓励人们在物理、化学、生理、医学、文学和和平方面取得巨大的进步。）可知，空处是对上文的总结，故D项（这是诺贝尔奖，对获奖者来说意味着巨大的荣誉。）符合语境。故选D。
21~35.【答案】D、A、A、B、C、C、A、C、D、B、D、A、C、B、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】在中国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野赛遭遇极端天气，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带。
句意：在中国甘肃省举行的100公里越野赛中，一位名叫朱克铭的牧羊人勇敢地将六名选手拉到了安全地带。A.tested the waters 试探；B.answered the call响应号召；C.did the trick达到目的；D.braved the elements冒着风雨。根据下文中的As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land...brought the man back to the cave可知，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带。故选D。
2. 句意同上。A.safety安全；B.debate辩论；C.stages阶段；D.challenges挑战。根据下文中的five additional runners to the cave. There's little (10) that he finally saved their lives.可知，此处safety符合语境。故选A。
3. 句意：朱克铭像往常一样在放羊。A.tending照管；B.hunting猎杀；C.tracking追踪；D.trapping陷阱 。根据he day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was (3) his flock (羊群) as usual.可知，朱克铭是位牧羊人，他像往常一样照看着他的羊群。故选A。
4. 句意：然后在几分钟的时间里，一切都变了。A.worked工作；B.changed改变；C.existed存在；D.improved提高。根据上文中的The day of the race started with mild weather和下文中的As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land可知，在片刻的时间里，一切都变了（changed）。故选B。
5. 句意：随着气温迅速下降，冻雨和大雪开始席卷大地，朱在一个小山洞里避难，这个山洞多年来一直用来储存应急物资。A.charge收费；B.chances机会；C.shelter避难；D.notes笔记。根据句意可知，固定短语take shelter“寻求庇护；避难”符合句意。故选C。
6. 句意同上。A.create创造；B.check核查；C.store储存；D.discover发现。根据句意可知，此处指这个山洞多年来一直用来储存应急物资，故选C。
7. 句意：就在这时，朱注意到其中一名选手出现了迷失方向和疼痛的症状。A.noticed注意到；B.evaluated评价；C.explained解释；D.acknowledged承认。根据下文中的that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave可知，朱克铭注意到其中一名选手似乎迷失了方向，处于痛苦之中。故选A。
8. 句意：朱把那个人带回到山洞里给他取暖。A.pick挑选；B.stand站；C.warm(使)温暖，变暖和；D.cheer欢呼。根据下文中的After lighting a fire可知，朱克铭把那个人带回山洞里为他取暖。故选C。
9. 句意：生火后，朱返回山腰，带领另外五名跑步者进入山洞。A.following跟着；B.welcoming欢迎；C.attracting吸引；D.guiding指引。根据Zhu returned to the mountainside, (9) five additional runners to the cave.可知，点燃一堆火后，朱克铭返回山坡，带领另外五名选手前往洞穴。故选D。
10. 句意：毫无疑问，他救了他们的命。A.risk风险；B.doubt疑问；C.contact联系；D.evidence证据。There's little doubt that...“毫无疑问......”，为固定短语，符合句意。故选B。
11. 句意：由于对天气的突然变化毫无准备，大多数参赛选手都穿着与寒冷不相称的轻便服装。A.Sorry遗憾，难过；B.Anxious焦虑的；C.Hungry饥饿的；D.Unprepared毫无准备的；根据下文中的most racers were wearing lightweight clothing可知，参赛选手对天气变化毫无准备。故选D。
12. 句意同上。A.match匹配；B.need需要；C.comparison比较；D.cause原因。固定短语no match for“无法对抗”符合句意。故选A。
13. 句意：跑步者张晓涛在新浪微博上写道：“我想说，我非常感谢那个救了我的人。”A.regretful后悔的；B.awful糟糕的；C.grateful感激的；D.helpful有帮助的。根据下文中的Without him, I would have been (14) there.可知，参赛选手张小涛很感激那个救了他的牧羊人。故选C。
14. 句意：如果没有他，我会被留在那里。A.put out扑灭；B.left out留下；C.brought in带来；D.taken in吸收。根据上文的描述可知，张小涛认为如果没有朱克铭，他可能会被留在那里。文中指会死在山坡上。故选B。
15. 句意：虽然朱克铭在家乡被誉为英雄，但这位善良的牧羊人并不认为有什么理由大惊小怪。他说他只是一个普通人，做了一件非常普通的事。A.generous慷慨的；B.honest诚实的；C.patient耐心的；D.humble谦虚的。根据上文他救人的事迹和下文中的He says he's just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing可知，朱克铭很善良。故选D。
36.【答案】【小题1】
an
【小题2】
third
【小题3】
in
【小题4】
referring
【小题5】
youngest
【小题6】
Highly
【小题7】
to have had
【小题8】
found
【小题9】
who/that
【小题10】
popularity
【解析】1. 此处泛指一名网络名人，且Internet的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2. 此处是指“第三次成功的月球着陆”，所以应用序数词。故填third。
3. in charge of为固定搭配，意为“负责”。故填in。
4. Social media users与refer之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用动词-ing形式。故填referring。
5. 根据后面的 at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site和空前的the可知，此处是指最年轻的指挥官。故填youngest。
6. 空处修饰形容词responsible，意为“很，非常”，应用副词Highly。故填Highly。
7. appear to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”，为固定用法，且此处表示已完成的动作，应用appear to have done sth.。故填to have had。
8. 根据was可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时。故填found。
9. 空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 who/that。
10. 此处作介词with及without的宾语，应用名词形式。故填popularity。
37.【答案】 When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to the tap. Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands. He knelt down, letting the drip slowly fill up his "cup". And now I knew what was going on. Obviously, he was afraid of being scolded for wasting water, so he avoided asking me for help. When he stood up and turned back, I walked toward him. His eyes were filled with tears. "Mom. I'm not wasting."
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops...and more drop...and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride. I can't believe it was raining!
【解析】略
38.【答案】 William Shakespeare, a great British writer, was born in 1564 and passed away in 1616. Hamlet andThe Merchant of Venice are two of his famous works.
①I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world. Besides, I really enjoy the beauty of the English language when reading his poems. ②I do agree with his saying "All the world's a stage". On this stage, everyone has his own role to play and I should try my best to play my role well.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达话题为校报英文版写一篇英语短文，介绍你最喜欢的一位名人。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①pass away去世
②try my best to尽力做
【高分句型】
① I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world.（because引导的原因状语从句）
②I do agree with his saying "All the world's a stage".（助动词do表示强调）
【结构布局】
引言：对该人物的简单介绍
中心：喜欢该人物的理由
结尾：从该人物身上得到的启示
【拓展词汇】
①have a great fancy for喜爱
②enjoy increasingly high popularity越来越受欢迎
③have a good taste of好好体验
【拓展句型】
①Glad/Pleased/Delighted to know that..., I think it a good choice to do sth.（很高兴得知……，我认为做某事是个不错的选择。）
②I recommend it mainly for the following two reasons.（我推荐它主要有以下两个原因。）
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