北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 9 Human Biology>Lesson 2 Brain Power课时练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 9 Human Biology>Lesson 2 Brain Power课时练习（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-30 21:19:17 | ||
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Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 Brain Power
一、填空
1.We were all __________(nerve) about the approaching examinations.
2.I lost a file __________(contain) a lot of important documents.
3.Qingdao is an attractive city __________(locate) on the eastern coast of China.
4.He showed me a final examination report __________(consist) of ten lines.
5.Is there a __________(connect) between smoking and lung cancer
6.Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Peking Opera, ______(call) "Dan".
7.We are determined to create an even ______(good) system.
8.In the last few years, China ______(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
9.A supply of food ______(send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
10.It is the third time that he ______(visit) our beautiful city Harbin.
二、语法填空
Why do many of us find ①_____ difficult or impossible to fall asleep in a bed other than our own Is it because the bed is ②_____(comfort) According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is ③_____ the scientists call "first night effect". They believe that one side of the brain acts as a "night watch" to warn us about potential dangers. It forces us ④_____(stay) awake on the first night in a new environment.
In the study, 35 young volunteers ⑤_____(ask) to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.
According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were ⑥_____(active) than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. However, left-brain activity decreased as days went by, ⑦_____(fall) even to the point of complete calmness. In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.
The ⑧_____(finding) suggest that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work ⑨_____(different), the balance between them is broken. Thus, the brain can't relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just ⑩_____ it is in the daytime.
三、阅读理解
Scientists, psychologists and English academics at the University of Liverpool have found that reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader's attention and triggers moments of self-examination.
Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S. Eliot and others.
In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they read passages from Shakespeare's plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, and again as they read the texts rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.
While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains. When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because of his use of words which were unfamiliar to them. The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.
The researchers went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how it lit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in the classical works. As a result, this lightening-up process of the mind lasted longer than when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.
The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the right hemisphere(半球) of the brain, an area connected with "autobiographical memory", driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read. The academics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self-help books.
Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the university's Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre, announced this week: "Classical literature acts like a rocket booster(火箭助推器) to the brain, which provides extra power for the brain. You may never imagine how powerful it is. The research shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young and the old."
1.What does the underlined word "triggers" in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Depends on. B.Picks up. C.Sets off. D.Changes into.
2.Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature
A.It makes readers'brains more active than when they are reading common texts.
B.It makes readers' electrical activity of the brain return to normal.
C.It's helpful for readers to come up with new ideas.
D.It's an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.
3.What can we learn from the research
A.The readers prefer Shakespeare's works to other writers' works.
B.The words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read further.
C.Reading classical works produces a good and long-lasting effect on the mind.
D.Poetry increases left-brain activity more than other literary forms.
4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage
A.Shakespeare's plays deserve to be read.
B.Common books are unpopular anymore.
C.Poetry is best for developing one's brain.
D.Classical works help the brain develop better.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：nervous
2.答案：containing
3.答案：located
4.答案：consisting
5.答案：connection
6.答案：called
解析：句意为: 梅兰芳擅长扮演京剧中被称为"旦"的女性角色。被修饰词the role of women和call为逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词called作后置定语。
7.答案：better
解析：句意为: 我们决定去创造一个甚至更好的系统。much/even/still/a bit/a little等词之后常接比较级, 故填better。
8.答案：has made
解析：句意为: 在过去的几年里, 中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语In the last few years可知用现在完成时, 主语China是第三人称单数, 谓语动词也应用单数。故填has made。
9.答案：has been sent
解析：句意为: 到目前为止, 已有一批食物被送往发生地震的国家。时间状语so far常和现在完成时连用; 句子主语A supply of food和send之间为被动关系, 因此用现在完成时的被动语态; "a supply of+名词"作主语时, 谓语动词应用单数形式; send是不规则变化动词, 过去分词为sent。故填has been sent。
10.答案：has visited
解析：句意为: 这是他第三次参观我们美丽的城市哈尔滨。在"It is the...time+that从句"句型中, 主句使用一般现在时, 从句中应使用现在完成时, 从句主语是he, 故填has visited。
二、语法填空
答案：①it ②uncomfortable ③what ④to stay ⑤were asked ⑥more active ⑦falling ⑧findings ⑨ differently ⑩as
解析：①句意为: 为什么我们中的许多人会发现不在自己的床上时入睡很难或无法入睡 此处用it作形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。
②联系上下文可知, 此处指"是因为床不舒服吗", 设空处应填形容词作表语, 根据语境可知此处应表示"不舒服的"。故填uncomfortable。
③句意为: ......一个重要的原因是科学家们所称的"第一晚效应"。此处引导表语从句, 在从句中作call的宾语。故填what。
④句意为: 当我们处在一个新环境的第一个晚上, 大脑的一侧迫使我们醒着。force sb to do sth为固定搭配, 意为"迫使某人做某事"。故填to stay。
⑤句意为: 实验中, 35名年轻志愿者被要求在睡眠实验室里睡上几天。此处主语与谓语动词是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 事情发生在过去, 所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态, 又因主语是复数。故填were asked。
⑥此处表示"左脑比右脑更括跃", 根据后面的than可知此处用比较级more active, 意为"更活跃的"。故填more active。
⑦句意为: ......左脑活跃度甚至下降到完全平静的程度。句中已有谓语动词decreased, 逗号前后无连词, 因此此处用非谓语动词形式作状语, 表示伴随状态, left-brain activity与fall为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词。故填falling。
⑧根据谓语动词suggest是动词原形可知, 主语用复数形式。故填findings。
⑨句意为: 当大脑的两侧以不同的方式运作时...... 此处用副词修饰动词work。故填differently。
⑩as意为"像......一样", 引导方式状语从句。故填as。
三、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第一段Scientists, psychologists and English academics...triggers moments of self-examination.可知, 利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英语学者发现, 阅读莎士比亚和华兹华斯等古典作家的作品对人们的思维有很大的影响, 它能引起读者的注意并引发自我反省。故trigger是"引发"的意思, 与set off意思相近。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.可知, 测试结果表明, 更具挑战性的段落会比普通段落在大脑中产生更强烈的电活动。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的As a result, this lightening-up process of the mind lasted longer than when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.可知, 阅读经典作品会对心智产生良好而持久的影响。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader's attention and triggers moments of self-examination和下文的研究结果可知, 作者引述了一些人的观点和研究成果来证明古典文学作品对人们大脑的发展非常有益。故选D。
2
一、填空
1.We were all __________(nerve) about the approaching examinations.
2.I lost a file __________(contain) a lot of important documents.
3.Qingdao is an attractive city __________(locate) on the eastern coast of China.
4.He showed me a final examination report __________(consist) of ten lines.
5.Is there a __________(connect) between smoking and lung cancer
6.Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Peking Opera, ______(call) "Dan".
7.We are determined to create an even ______(good) system.
8.In the last few years, China ______(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
9.A supply of food ______(send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
10.It is the third time that he ______(visit) our beautiful city Harbin.
二、语法填空
Why do many of us find ①_____ difficult or impossible to fall asleep in a bed other than our own Is it because the bed is ②_____(comfort) According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is ③_____ the scientists call "first night effect". They believe that one side of the brain acts as a "night watch" to warn us about potential dangers. It forces us ④_____(stay) awake on the first night in a new environment.
In the study, 35 young volunteers ⑤_____(ask) to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.
According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were ⑥_____(active) than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. However, left-brain activity decreased as days went by, ⑦_____(fall) even to the point of complete calmness. In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.
The ⑧_____(finding) suggest that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work ⑨_____(different), the balance between them is broken. Thus, the brain can't relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just ⑩_____ it is in the daytime.
三、阅读理解
Scientists, psychologists and English academics at the University of Liverpool have found that reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader's attention and triggers moments of self-examination.
Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S. Eliot and others.
In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they read passages from Shakespeare's plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, and again as they read the texts rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.
While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains. When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because of his use of words which were unfamiliar to them. The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.
The researchers went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how it lit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in the classical works. As a result, this lightening-up process of the mind lasted longer than when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.
The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the right hemisphere(半球) of the brain, an area connected with "autobiographical memory", driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read. The academics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self-help books.
Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the university's Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre, announced this week: "Classical literature acts like a rocket booster(火箭助推器) to the brain, which provides extra power for the brain. You may never imagine how powerful it is. The research shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young and the old."
1.What does the underlined word "triggers" in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Depends on. B.Picks up. C.Sets off. D.Changes into.
2.Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature
A.It makes readers'brains more active than when they are reading common texts.
B.It makes readers' electrical activity of the brain return to normal.
C.It's helpful for readers to come up with new ideas.
D.It's an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.
3.What can we learn from the research
A.The readers prefer Shakespeare's works to other writers' works.
B.The words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read further.
C.Reading classical works produces a good and long-lasting effect on the mind.
D.Poetry increases left-brain activity more than other literary forms.
4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage
A.Shakespeare's plays deserve to be read.
B.Common books are unpopular anymore.
C.Poetry is best for developing one's brain.
D.Classical works help the brain develop better.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：nervous
2.答案：containing
3.答案：located
4.答案：consisting
5.答案：connection
6.答案：called
解析：句意为: 梅兰芳擅长扮演京剧中被称为"旦"的女性角色。被修饰词the role of women和call为逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词called作后置定语。
7.答案：better
解析：句意为: 我们决定去创造一个甚至更好的系统。much/even/still/a bit/a little等词之后常接比较级, 故填better。
8.答案：has made
解析：句意为: 在过去的几年里, 中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语In the last few years可知用现在完成时, 主语China是第三人称单数, 谓语动词也应用单数。故填has made。
9.答案：has been sent
解析：句意为: 到目前为止, 已有一批食物被送往发生地震的国家。时间状语so far常和现在完成时连用; 句子主语A supply of food和send之间为被动关系, 因此用现在完成时的被动语态; "a supply of+名词"作主语时, 谓语动词应用单数形式; send是不规则变化动词, 过去分词为sent。故填has been sent。
10.答案：has visited
解析：句意为: 这是他第三次参观我们美丽的城市哈尔滨。在"It is the...time+that从句"句型中, 主句使用一般现在时, 从句中应使用现在完成时, 从句主语是he, 故填has visited。
二、语法填空
答案：①it ②uncomfortable ③what ④to stay ⑤were asked ⑥more active ⑦falling ⑧findings ⑨ differently ⑩as
解析：①句意为: 为什么我们中的许多人会发现不在自己的床上时入睡很难或无法入睡 此处用it作形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。
②联系上下文可知, 此处指"是因为床不舒服吗", 设空处应填形容词作表语, 根据语境可知此处应表示"不舒服的"。故填uncomfortable。
③句意为: ......一个重要的原因是科学家们所称的"第一晚效应"。此处引导表语从句, 在从句中作call的宾语。故填what。
④句意为: 当我们处在一个新环境的第一个晚上, 大脑的一侧迫使我们醒着。force sb to do sth为固定搭配, 意为"迫使某人做某事"。故填to stay。
⑤句意为: 实验中, 35名年轻志愿者被要求在睡眠实验室里睡上几天。此处主语与谓语动词是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 事情发生在过去, 所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态, 又因主语是复数。故填were asked。
⑥此处表示"左脑比右脑更括跃", 根据后面的than可知此处用比较级more active, 意为"更活跃的"。故填more active。
⑦句意为: ......左脑活跃度甚至下降到完全平静的程度。句中已有谓语动词decreased, 逗号前后无连词, 因此此处用非谓语动词形式作状语, 表示伴随状态, left-brain activity与fall为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词。故填falling。
⑧根据谓语动词suggest是动词原形可知, 主语用复数形式。故填findings。
⑨句意为: 当大脑的两侧以不同的方式运作时...... 此处用副词修饰动词work。故填differently。
⑩as意为"像......一样", 引导方式状语从句。故填as。
三、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第一段Scientists, psychologists and English academics...triggers moments of self-examination.可知, 利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英语学者发现, 阅读莎士比亚和华兹华斯等古典作家的作品对人们的思维有很大的影响, 它能引起读者的注意并引发自我反省。故trigger是"引发"的意思, 与set off意思相近。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.可知, 测试结果表明, 更具挑战性的段落会比普通段落在大脑中产生更强烈的电活动。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的As a result, this lightening-up process of the mind lasted longer than when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.可知, 阅读经典作品会对心智产生良好而持久的影响。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader's attention and triggers moments of self-examination和下文的研究结果可知, 作者引述了一些人的观点和研究成果来证明古典文学作品对人们大脑的发展非常有益。故选D。
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