北师版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained课时练习（有答案）
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| 名称 | 北师版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained课时练习（有答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-30 21:15:11 | ||
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Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained
一、填空
1.Taxis on a rainy New York night are _________(rare) than sunshine.
2.However, a _________(vary) of types are represented here.
3.I hurried to his house, only __________ (find) him out.
4.This is a good system for _________(classify).
5.__________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
6._________(actual), on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go out tonight.
7.He always woke with a sense of deep sorrow and _________(depress) loss.
8.As you know, I'm still _________(bury) in books at the school you are so familiar with.
9.Burning coal causes serious air pollution and exacerbates _________(globe) warming.
10.Many farmers _________(oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
二、七选五
How to Tell if Your Dog Is in Pain
Has your dog been acting differently Behavioral and physical changes could be their way of telling you they're in pain. So if they're showing any of these signs, contact your vet(兽医) to get your dog the care they need. ①______
Eating less
A dog in pain may eat less or not at all. If your dog doesn't come running when you fill its dish, it may be because of pain or an illness. ②______ If it still doesn't eat after 8 to 12 hours, contact your vet.
Sleeping more or less than usual
If dogs are in pain, they may find it hard to get comfortable at night. Most dogs have a regular sleep schedule they naturally stick to. ③______ They may sleep less at night because they're trying to find a comfortable position, and as a result, they may sleep more during the day.
④______
Hiding or shying away from contact is a common sign of pain in dogs. Many dogs don't want to be touched when they're in pain, especially if a specific area of their body is hurting.
Panting(喘气) heavily
⑤______ Dogs naturally pant to cool themselves down, but panting heavily could be a sign of concern. If your dog's breaths seem to quicken without cause they may be trying to breathe through the pain.
A. Avoiding touch.
B. Sitting or walking differently.
C. Try changing the type of its food.
D. Depending on the position of the pain.
E. With a little help, they'll be feeling better in no time.
F. But their schedule may be out of order if they're hurt.
G. A dog's breaths often quicken if they're in pain.
三、阅读理解
Life expectancy in the United States has been in decline for the first time in decades, and public health officials have identified a series of potential causes, including inaccessible health care, rising drug addiction and rates of mental health disorders, and socio-economic factors. Now, a study led by the Yale School of Medicine has attempted to find out the relative impact of two factors most often linked to life expectancy—race and education—by looking at data about 5,114 black and white participants in four U.S. cities.
The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest.
Among the 5,114 people followed in the study, 395 had died. These deaths were occurring in working-age people, often with children, before the age of 60. The rates of death among participants in this group did clearly show racial differences, with approximately 9% of blacks dying at an early age compared to 6% of whites. There were also differences in causes of death by race. For instance, black men were significantly more likely to die of murder and white men from AIDS. The most common causes of death across all groups over time were cardiovascular disease and cancer.
But there were also obvious differences in rates of death by education level. Approximately 13% of participants with a high school degree or less education died compared with only approximately 5% of college graduates.
Strikingly, when looking at race and education at the same time, the researchers found that differences related to race almost disappeared: 13.5% of black subjects and 13.2% of white subjects with a high school degree or less died during the course of the study. By contrast, 5.9% of black subjects and 4.3% of whites with college degrees had died.
Therefore, improving overall quality of education is something tangible that can help reverse(扭转) this troubling trend in reduction of life expectancy among middle-aged adults.
1.What can we learn about the participants in the study
A. The whites are more aggressive.
B. The whites got higher education.
C. More blacks than whites died young.
D. More whites than blacks died of cancer.
2.Compared with education, the influence of race on death rates is _____.
A. significant B. unnoticeable
C. growing D. long-lasting
3.What does the underlined word "tangible" probably mean
A. Realistic. B. Creative. C. Useless. D. Temporary.
4.What can be inferred from the research findings
A. People can get smart through learning.
B. One should not discriminate other races.
C. People don't enjoy equal rights for education.
D. One can live longer by getting more education.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：rarer
2.答案：variety
3.答案：to find
4.答案：classification
5.答案：Having been told
6.答案：Actually
7.答案：depressing
8.答案：buried
9.答案：global
10.答案：opposed
二、七选五
答案：①-⑤ECFAG
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过几个症状来判断狗狗是否疼痛。
①E选项"只要有一点帮助，它们很快就会好起来的。"承接上文"So if they're showing any of these signs, contact your vet (兽医) to get your dog the care they need. (因此，如果它们表现出任何这些疼痛迹象，请联系您的兽医，让您的狗得到它们需要的护理)"讲给疼痛的狗狗帮助会产生的积极影响。故选E。
②由小标题"Eating less (少吃)"可知疼痛的狗狗会吃得少，C选项"尝试改变食物的类型。"承接上文"A dog in pain may eat less or not at all. If your dog doesn't come running when you fill its dish, it may be because of pain or an illness. (痛苦中的狗可能吃得更少或根本不吃。如果你的狗在你填满盘子时不跑，可能是因为疼痛或疾病)"讲在狗狗不吃或少吃情况下还不能判断狗狗是否疼痛或有疾的另一种方法，引出下文"If it still doesn't eat after 8 to 12 hours, contact your vet. (如果它在8到12小时后仍不进食，请联系您的兽医)"讲通过此方法判定狗狗疼痛或有疾后的做法，C项中的"its food"是提示词。故选C。
③F选项"但如果它们受伤，它们的日程睡眠安排可能会出现问题。"与上文"Most dogs have a regular sleep schedule they naturally stick to. (大多数狗都有一个规律的睡眠时间表，它们自然会坚持)"形成转折关系，表明什么情况下狗狗的睡眠日程会与平常不同，引出下文"They may sleep less at night because they're trying to find a comfortable position, and as a result, they may sleep more during the day. (它们可能会在晚上睡得更少，因为它们试图找到一个舒适的姿势，因此，它们可能会白天睡得更多)"讲狗狗不舒服的情况下，睡眠日程变化的具体表现。故选F。
④该空选择小标题，需总结下文，由下文"Hiding or shying away from contact is a common sign of pain in dogs. Many dogs don't want to be touched when they're in pain, especially if a specific area of their body is hurting. (躲藏或躲避接触是狗疼痛的常见症状。许多狗在疼痛时不想被触摸，特别是当它们身体的某个特定部位受伤时)"可知，本段讲狗狗疼痛时会避免被触摸，A选项"避免触摸。"切题。故选A。
⑤由小标题"Panting (喘气) heavily (气喘吁吁)"可知疼痛的狗狗会气喘吁吁，下文"If your dog's breaths seem to quicken without cause they may be trying to breathe through the pain. (如果你的狗的呼吸似乎无缘无故地加快，它们可能是在试图通过疼痛来呼吸)"可知，承接上下文，G选项"狗在疼痛时呼吸经常加快。"讲狗狗疼痛的症状之一。故选G。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"The rates of death among participants in this group did clearly show racial differences, with approximately 9% of blacks dying at an early age compared to 6% of whites. (该组参与者的死亡率确实显示出种族差异，大约9%的黑人在早期死亡，而白人只有6%。)"可知，这一组参与者的死亡率确实清楚地显示了种族差异，早期死亡的黑人比白人多。故选C。
2.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest. (大约30年前，这组人在20岁出头时参加了这项研究，他们的生死表明，教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁寿命最长的最佳指标。)"可知，研究表明教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁会活得最久的最好指标。反过来讲，相对于教育对寿命的影响来说，种族的因素是不明显的。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段"The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest. (大约30年前，这组人在20岁出头时参加了这项研究，他们的生死表明，教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁寿命最长的最佳指标。)"根据划线词的后文"can help reverse(扭转) this troubling trend in reduction of life expectancy among middle-aged adults."(有助于扭转中年人预期寿命缩短这一令人不安的趋势)可知，研究表明教育水平是预测谁会活得最久的最好指标。因此全面提高教育质量是切实可行的。本题各选项分别意为A. realistic具体的，切实的；B. creative 创造性的；C. useless 无用的；D. Temporary暂时的。因此，可猜测用于修饰"全面提升教育水平"的形容词tangible和realistic同义。故选A。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest. (大约30年前，这组人在20岁出头时参加了这项研究，他们的生死表明，教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁寿命最长的最佳指标。)"可知，接受更多教育的人可能活得更久。故选D。
2
一、填空
1.Taxis on a rainy New York night are _________(rare) than sunshine.
2.However, a _________(vary) of types are represented here.
3.I hurried to his house, only __________ (find) him out.
4.This is a good system for _________(classify).
5.__________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
6._________(actual), on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go out tonight.
7.He always woke with a sense of deep sorrow and _________(depress) loss.
8.As you know, I'm still _________(bury) in books at the school you are so familiar with.
9.Burning coal causes serious air pollution and exacerbates _________(globe) warming.
10.Many farmers _________(oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
二、七选五
How to Tell if Your Dog Is in Pain
Has your dog been acting differently Behavioral and physical changes could be their way of telling you they're in pain. So if they're showing any of these signs, contact your vet(兽医) to get your dog the care they need. ①______
Eating less
A dog in pain may eat less or not at all. If your dog doesn't come running when you fill its dish, it may be because of pain or an illness. ②______ If it still doesn't eat after 8 to 12 hours, contact your vet.
Sleeping more or less than usual
If dogs are in pain, they may find it hard to get comfortable at night. Most dogs have a regular sleep schedule they naturally stick to. ③______ They may sleep less at night because they're trying to find a comfortable position, and as a result, they may sleep more during the day.
④______
Hiding or shying away from contact is a common sign of pain in dogs. Many dogs don't want to be touched when they're in pain, especially if a specific area of their body is hurting.
Panting(喘气) heavily
⑤______ Dogs naturally pant to cool themselves down, but panting heavily could be a sign of concern. If your dog's breaths seem to quicken without cause they may be trying to breathe through the pain.
A. Avoiding touch.
B. Sitting or walking differently.
C. Try changing the type of its food.
D. Depending on the position of the pain.
E. With a little help, they'll be feeling better in no time.
F. But their schedule may be out of order if they're hurt.
G. A dog's breaths often quicken if they're in pain.
三、阅读理解
Life expectancy in the United States has been in decline for the first time in decades, and public health officials have identified a series of potential causes, including inaccessible health care, rising drug addiction and rates of mental health disorders, and socio-economic factors. Now, a study led by the Yale School of Medicine has attempted to find out the relative impact of two factors most often linked to life expectancy—race and education—by looking at data about 5,114 black and white participants in four U.S. cities.
The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest.
Among the 5,114 people followed in the study, 395 had died. These deaths were occurring in working-age people, often with children, before the age of 60. The rates of death among participants in this group did clearly show racial differences, with approximately 9% of blacks dying at an early age compared to 6% of whites. There were also differences in causes of death by race. For instance, black men were significantly more likely to die of murder and white men from AIDS. The most common causes of death across all groups over time were cardiovascular disease and cancer.
But there were also obvious differences in rates of death by education level. Approximately 13% of participants with a high school degree or less education died compared with only approximately 5% of college graduates.
Strikingly, when looking at race and education at the same time, the researchers found that differences related to race almost disappeared: 13.5% of black subjects and 13.2% of white subjects with a high school degree or less died during the course of the study. By contrast, 5.9% of black subjects and 4.3% of whites with college degrees had died.
Therefore, improving overall quality of education is something tangible that can help reverse(扭转) this troubling trend in reduction of life expectancy among middle-aged adults.
1.What can we learn about the participants in the study
A. The whites are more aggressive.
B. The whites got higher education.
C. More blacks than whites died young.
D. More whites than blacks died of cancer.
2.Compared with education, the influence of race on death rates is _____.
A. significant B. unnoticeable
C. growing D. long-lasting
3.What does the underlined word "tangible" probably mean
A. Realistic. B. Creative. C. Useless. D. Temporary.
4.What can be inferred from the research findings
A. People can get smart through learning.
B. One should not discriminate other races.
C. People don't enjoy equal rights for education.
D. One can live longer by getting more education.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：rarer
2.答案：variety
3.答案：to find
4.答案：classification
5.答案：Having been told
6.答案：Actually
7.答案：depressing
8.答案：buried
9.答案：global
10.答案：opposed
二、七选五
答案：①-⑤ECFAG
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过几个症状来判断狗狗是否疼痛。
①E选项"只要有一点帮助，它们很快就会好起来的。"承接上文"So if they're showing any of these signs, contact your vet (兽医) to get your dog the care they need. (因此，如果它们表现出任何这些疼痛迹象，请联系您的兽医，让您的狗得到它们需要的护理)"讲给疼痛的狗狗帮助会产生的积极影响。故选E。
②由小标题"Eating less (少吃)"可知疼痛的狗狗会吃得少，C选项"尝试改变食物的类型。"承接上文"A dog in pain may eat less or not at all. If your dog doesn't come running when you fill its dish, it may be because of pain or an illness. (痛苦中的狗可能吃得更少或根本不吃。如果你的狗在你填满盘子时不跑，可能是因为疼痛或疾病)"讲在狗狗不吃或少吃情况下还不能判断狗狗是否疼痛或有疾的另一种方法，引出下文"If it still doesn't eat after 8 to 12 hours, contact your vet. (如果它在8到12小时后仍不进食，请联系您的兽医)"讲通过此方法判定狗狗疼痛或有疾后的做法，C项中的"its food"是提示词。故选C。
③F选项"但如果它们受伤，它们的日程睡眠安排可能会出现问题。"与上文"Most dogs have a regular sleep schedule they naturally stick to. (大多数狗都有一个规律的睡眠时间表，它们自然会坚持)"形成转折关系，表明什么情况下狗狗的睡眠日程会与平常不同，引出下文"They may sleep less at night because they're trying to find a comfortable position, and as a result, they may sleep more during the day. (它们可能会在晚上睡得更少，因为它们试图找到一个舒适的姿势，因此，它们可能会白天睡得更多)"讲狗狗不舒服的情况下，睡眠日程变化的具体表现。故选F。
④该空选择小标题，需总结下文，由下文"Hiding or shying away from contact is a common sign of pain in dogs. Many dogs don't want to be touched when they're in pain, especially if a specific area of their body is hurting. (躲藏或躲避接触是狗疼痛的常见症状。许多狗在疼痛时不想被触摸，特别是当它们身体的某个特定部位受伤时)"可知，本段讲狗狗疼痛时会避免被触摸，A选项"避免触摸。"切题。故选A。
⑤由小标题"Panting (喘气) heavily (气喘吁吁)"可知疼痛的狗狗会气喘吁吁，下文"If your dog's breaths seem to quicken without cause they may be trying to breathe through the pain. (如果你的狗的呼吸似乎无缘无故地加快，它们可能是在试图通过疼痛来呼吸)"可知，承接上下文，G选项"狗在疼痛时呼吸经常加快。"讲狗狗疼痛的症状之一。故选G。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"The rates of death among participants in this group did clearly show racial differences, with approximately 9% of blacks dying at an early age compared to 6% of whites. (该组参与者的死亡率确实显示出种族差异，大约9%的黑人在早期死亡，而白人只有6%。)"可知，这一组参与者的死亡率确实清楚地显示了种族差异，早期死亡的黑人比白人多。故选C。
2.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest. (大约30年前，这组人在20岁出头时参加了这项研究，他们的生死表明，教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁寿命最长的最佳指标。)"可知，研究表明教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁会活得最久的最好指标。反过来讲，相对于教育对寿命的影响来说，种族的因素是不明显的。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段"The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest. (大约30年前，这组人在20岁出头时参加了这项研究，他们的生死表明，教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁寿命最长的最佳指标。)"根据划线词的后文"can help reverse(扭转) this troubling trend in reduction of life expectancy among middle-aged adults."(有助于扭转中年人预期寿命缩短这一令人不安的趋势)可知，研究表明教育水平是预测谁会活得最久的最好指标。因此全面提高教育质量是切实可行的。本题各选项分别意为A. realistic具体的，切实的；B. creative 创造性的；C. useless 无用的；D. Temporary暂时的。因此，可猜测用于修饰"全面提升教育水平"的形容词tangible和realistic同义。故选A。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"The lives and deaths among this group of people—who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s—show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest. (大约30年前，这组人在20岁出头时参加了这项研究，他们的生死表明，教育水平，而不是种族，是预测谁寿命最长的最佳指标。)"可知，接受更多教育的人可能活得更久。故选D。
2