高考专区 二轮专题 重难语法课（1）——时态与语态 课件（32张）

(共32张PPT)
[用法体悟]
① ，表示现在正在进行的动作。
② ，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能持续下去的动作。
现在进行时
现在完成进行时
③ ，表示经常或反复发生的动作。
④ ，表示在过去某个时间里(last week上周)所发生的动作。
⑤ ，表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
⑥ ，表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
⑦ ，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用 语态。
⑧ ，强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
⑨ ，表示在将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般现在时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去将来时
被动
现在完成时
一般将来时
[系统中整合规则]
(一)一般时态
1．一般现在时
谓语动词形式：do/does
用法：表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或存在的状态；表述客观真理及存在；表示按时间表拟定或安排好的事情。
2．一般过去时
谓语动词形式：did
用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。一般过去时只强调过去。
3．一般将来时
谓语动词形式：①will/shall＋动词原形； ②be(am/is/are) going to＋动词原形； ③be(am/is/are) about to＋动词原形/be(am/is/are) on the point of＋动名词； ④be(am/is/are) to＋动词原形
用法：表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
4．过去将来时
谓语动词形式：①should/would＋动词原形； ②was/were (going/about) to＋动词原形
用法：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)进行时态
时态 谓语动词形式 (以do为例) 用法
现在进行时 am/is/are doing ①说话时正在发生的事
②现阶段正在发生的事
③与always等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气
过去进行时 was/were doing ①过去某一阶段正在发生的事
②表示委婉语气
③过去某一时间正在发生的事
将来进行时 will/shall be doing 将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作
(三)完成时态
1．现在完成时
谓语动词形式：have/has done
用法：①到现在为止已发生或完成且对现在有影响；②从过去某一时刻一直延续到现在；③用于特定句型中，如This is the first time that ...等。
2．过去完成时
谓语动词形式：had done
用法：①到过去某一时间之前已完成，即“过去的过去”；②从过去某一时刻一直延续到另一个过去时间；③用于特定句型中，如This was the first time that ...等。
3．将来完成时
谓语动词形式：will have done
用法：将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成。
(四)各种时态下的被动语态的构成(以do为例)
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般式 am/is/ are done was/ were done will/shall be done would/ should be done
进行式 am/is/are being done was/were being done
完成式 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/ should have been done
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1　一般时态
(1)对于一般时态的考查以其基本用法为主；
(2)主将从现：主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句一般要用一般现在时；
(3)一些特定的时间状语往往能够决定句子用何种时态。如：every＋时间段， sometimes, usually, on Sunday等常和一般现在时连用； ...ago, the other day, in 2018, last week, just now等常和一般过去时连用；tomorrow, next week, in＋一段时间等常和一般将来时连用。
1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can't help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
解析：was　本句是一个主从复合句，连接副词how引导宾语从句。从句的主语是it，句中缺少谓语动词，同时结合句中时间状语then可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填was。
2. (2021·全国甲卷)We (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
解析：hired　分析句子结构可知，hire应在句中作谓语。下一句谓语动词was和did使用了过去时，故空处需用过去时。故填hired。
3. (2021·浙江1月高考)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men.In cities, however, the gain (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
解析：was　此处是在讲1985年至2017年间城市中人们的BMI值增加的情况，是描述过去发生的事情，且上一句使用了一般过去时，空处所在句也应用一般过去时，故填was。
4. (2021·浙江6月高考)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and (sell) most of their furniture.
解析：sold　句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们出租了房子，并卖掉了大部分家具。这里描述的是过去发生的事情，由并列谓语rented可知此处应用一般过去时。故填sold。
5. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ) “This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says，“because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”
解析：means　根据直接引语中的excites, have可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语是it，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
考点2　进行时态
(1)考查以基本用法为主；
(2)常和现在进行时连用的一些特定的时间状语有now, at present, at this moment等；常和过去进行时连用的时间状语有at that moment, this time yesterday, the whole morning等；常用的过去进行时句型有be doing ... when ...结构，意为“正在做……，这时(突然)……”。
1. (2021·浙江6月高考改编)My mother (put)her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her.
解析：was putting　本题考查be doing ...when ...结构，意为“正在做……，这时(突然)……”。根据时间状语从句中came，可知此处应用过去进行时。故填was putting。
2. (2018·北京高考改编)Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
解析：was working　句意：去年“我”去看望苏珊的时候，她已经辞去了那份高薪的工作，正在社区做志愿者。根据句意可知，此处强调过去的时间正在进行的动作，因此用过去进行时。
3．For the past four days I (take) part in a disability arts festival as a member of a choir (合唱团) set up specially to perform at this festival.
解析：have been taking　此处强调“一直在参加”，用现在完成进行时。
考点3　完成时态
(1)一些特定的时间状语往往能够决定句子用何种时态。如：by the end of last year, before I came here等常和过去完成时连用；during/in/over the last(past) few years(months, weeks ...), in recent years, so far, up to now等常和现在完成时连用；
(2)by引导时间状语从句的时态规律：
by＋过去时间，句子用过去完成时；
by＋将来时间，句子用将来完成时；
by＋现在时间(now)，句子用现在完成时。
(3)it's the first time that后面从句用现在完成时；it was the first time that后面从句用过去完成时。
1. (2021·浙江6月高考)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
解析：has proved/has proven　根据后面的时间状语从句“since it opened to the public”可知，此处要用现在完成时。由句子的主语Lincoln's home可知，助动词应该用has，故填has proved/has proven。
2. (2021·天津3月高考改编)We (do) quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
解析：have done　根据后半句“now let's take a break”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。
3. (2020·浙江7月高考)By about 6000 BC, people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
解析：had discovered　根据时间状语By about 6000 BC(到大约公元前6000年)可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时，故填had discovered。
4. (2020·天津7月高考改编)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) around that level ever since.
解析：has remained　句意：医学院的数量在20世纪90年代早期达到了18所，自那以来一直保持在这个数量左右。根据句中的时间状语ever since(自从……以来)可知，需用现在完成时，而句子主语是The number of medical schools，所以谓语用第三人称单数。
考点4　被动语态
1. (2021·全国甲卷)It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
解析：was built　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与主语it之间构成被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据originally可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2. (2021·浙江6月高考)The little home (paint) white.It was sweet and fresh.
解析：was painted　The little home与动词paint之间是被动关系，再根据“It was sweet and fresh.”可知此处要用一般过去时。
3. (2021·浙江1月高考)It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.
解析：is considered　分析句子结构可知，此空是句子的谓语；根据前半句的It is可判断时态为一般现在时，且根据句意“19到25之间的BMI(体重指数)被认为是健康值”可知，BMI与consider之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4. (2021·天津3月高考改编)Currently, about 35,000 works (display)in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
解析：are being displayed　根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was sure he would (choose)，but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
2. (2020·浙江1月高考)People tend to focus on the first factor.However, greater attention should (place) on longevity (长寿)．
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _______(carry) special significance.
4. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
be chosen
be placed
carries
formed
5. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist, they smiled and (point) down the river.
6. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay, we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
7. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________(make) over the years.
8. (2017·天津高考改编)I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
pointed
were invited
have made
was driving
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Jack lives in a small town in England.He usually stayed in his own country during the holidays. _____________
2．Last summer, I went hiking in the Yellow Mountain with my friends.Everything goes well at first but something terrible happened later.
___________
3．When my English teacher told me that I had chosen as a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparations. _____________
stayed→stays
goes→went
had后加been
4．We can chat a lot online or face to face, which really worked._______________
5．It was at the Red Store that I found a broken rocking chair and put it in the back of my truck.The seat is split into two, from front to back. ________
6．This morning, I, together with my parents, go to the second-hand book market near my home. __________
worked→works
is→was
go→went
1．what　考查名词性从句。根据下文中的“Plastic bottles”可知，此处表示我们现在应该留意存放水的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。
2．called　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，a dangerous material 和动词call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式作后置定语。
3．have banned　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知，该句应用现在完成时，且主语many countries为复数，故填have banned。
4．harmful　考查形容词。空处修饰名词effects，故用harm的形容词形式harmful，表示“有害的”。
5．Studies　考查名词复数。根据该句中的“have shown”可知，该句主语应为复数，且此处study作“研究，调查”讲，是可数名词，故用study的复数形式。
6．best　考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种对身体有害的塑料存水容器，结合该句中的“The”并根据语境可知，此处表示用来喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最高级形式。
7．which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为glass，故用which引导该从句。
8．for/as　考查介词。根据本句语境可知，此处表示用途，故用for或者as。
9．to protect　考查非谓语动词。句意：不锈钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶上覆盖着薄薄的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。
10．keeping　考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Tim，
Realizing I might have behaved rude when receiving your gift at my birthday party, I'm writing to say sorry. I'm grateful to have received such nice a gift. According to Chinese tradition, I say “thank you” that day. But I didn't tear up the package in your presences. I forgot Americans are used to open the package of a gift for the moment it's received. It wasn't until my mother mentioned it when I realized my inappropriate behavior. So, please forgive me for your thoughtlessness. This incident serves as reminder that I must learn more about culture differences.
Li Hua
答案：第一句：rude→rudely
第二句：such→so
第三句：say→said
第四句：presences→presence
第五句：open→opening; 去掉the moment前的for
第六句：when→that
第七句：your→my
第八句：reminder前加a; culture→cultural