高考专区 二轮专题 基础语法课（3）——形容词、副词课件（21张）
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| 名称 | 高考专区 二轮专题 基础语法课（3）——形容词、副词课件（21张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-31 11:48:42 | ||
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基础语法课(3)——形容词、副词
[语境中体悟用法]
1．朗读下列句子，体会、领悟形容词充当的句子成分。
①Abraham Lincoln was a self-made man. 作_____
②He was so tired that he fell asleep sitting in his chair. 作_____
③Martin found the work slightly dull. 作_____
④I have something important to tell you. 作_________
定语
表语
宾补
后置定语
2．朗读下列句子，体会、领悟副词在句中的作用。
①He said quite positively that he would come. 修饰_____
②It's simply wonderful to see you！ 修饰_______
③I heard pretty clearly then. 修饰_________
④Your coat is just behind the door. 修饰_________
⑤Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work. 修饰_____
动词
形容词
其他副词
介词短语
句子
[系统中整合规则]
(一)用法
形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补足语，常用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态；副词主要修饰动词、形容词和其他副词，也可在句首表状态。
(二)形容词变副词的规则
一般情况加-ly common→commonly immediate→immediately
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-ly steady→steadily busy→busily
以-le结尾，去掉e加-y simple→simply gentle→gently
以-ic结尾，加-ally economic→economically scientific→scientifically
[名师指津] (1)注意形近词 hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。
(2)deep, high, slow等本身是副词，加上-ly后还是副词，与形容词同形的副词意义具体，带-ly的副词意义比较抽象。
(三)形容词与副词比较等级的构成
形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1．规则变化
词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall long taller longer tallest longest
以e结尾的，只加-r或-st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big hot fat bigger hotter fatter biggest hottest fattest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy easy happier easier happiest easiest
[名师指津] 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级
其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult beautiful more difficult more beautiful most difficult most beautiful
续表
2．不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad (badly)/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
(四)形容词与副词比较等级的用法
1．平级比较
(1)用as ...as ...或not ...as/so ...as
(2)as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词
2．表示比较的特殊结构
(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”，意为“越……，就越……”。
(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。
(3)表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。
4．最高级的常用句型
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的短语或从句
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
5．倍数表达法
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than
(3)倍数＋the＋名词＋of
(4)倍数＋what从句
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1 形容词与副词的句法功能
在句中作定语、表语和补足语一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词和其他副词或整个句子，要用副词。
1. (2021·全国乙卷)Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
解析：financial 分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词aid，故使用其形容词形式。
2. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.
解析：valuable 分析句子结构可知，空白处应填形容词valuable(宝贵的)作定语，修饰名词advice。
3. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
解析：undoubtedly 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰动词help，所以用副词形式。故填undoubtedly。
4. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)Don't go to a school (specific) for a high school relationship or to make someone else happy.
解析：specifically 此处修饰后面的介词短语for a high school relationship，所以用副词形式。
考点2 形容词、副词的比较级
(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级；
(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级；
(3)当空格前有表示程度的词或词组，如a bit, a little, much, far, a great/good deal, a lot等或有still, even等词时，需填比较级；
(4)表示“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构。
1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it
解析：hotter 句中含有“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构， the hotter 与前面的the colder 对应。
2. (2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than
to ride on a piece of history!
解析：better 根据语境和空后的than可知，这里用比较级形式。
3. (2021·浙江1月高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
解析：lower 空后的and连接三个并列结构，形式应保持一致；此空与下文的higher和fewer并列，故用比较级形式。
考点3 形容词、副词的最高级
(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等；
(2)当空格前有the second/third ..., one of ...等词时，需填最高级；
(3)有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite, wonderful, exhausted等。
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
解析：finest 根据空前的all great artists及后文的choose the best并结合语境可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
2. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the (loud) of all.
解析：loudest 根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知，此处应用副词最高级。
3. (2022·太原模拟)I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it to the (full)．
解析：fullest live life to the fullest“充实地生活”。
4. (2022·青岛模拟)Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth, is the fifth (large) continent in the world.
解析：largest 表示“第几个最……”，英语中也要用最高级。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing on the moon's far side is __________(extreme) challenging.
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo：Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.__________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ) The __________(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
4. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________(wealth) people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art.
extremely
Certainly
beautiful
wealthy
5. (2020·浙江1月高考)This is ___________(particular) true in the US.
6．Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can _______(easy) hit a person.
7．Now it has become one of the ________(big) international art festivals in Asia.
8. (2022·合肥模拟) “Before I came to Egypt, the tourism agency told me __________(repeat) to bring cooling balm as a gift to make the trip ______(easy)，” said Mr Ye, a 25-year-old whose family sells Chinese medicine online.
particularly
easily
biggest
repeatedly
easier
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．With these changes, people's pace of life has been quickened and people's work has been made more efficiently. ___________________
2．But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people. _____________
3．The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for both of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and later cooperation with Jerry Yang._________________
4．To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can to get into a good medical college, where I can make fully preparations for the job of a doctor.__________
efficiently→efficient
rich→richest
obvious→obviously
fully→full
5．But Katie thought owning their own bikes would make wonderfully memories for every child. ______________________
6．But when he had recovered three days later, he felt amazing at the effect of the Chinese medicine. ________________
7．Standing on the highest place, I felt so greatly. ______________
8．She works hardly and has been a model teacher for ages. ______________
wonderfully→wonderful
amazing→amazed
greatly→great
hardly→hard
1．attractions 考查名词复数。根据“ranging from mini farms to geological gardens”可知，此处是指很多景点，应用名词复数。故填attractions。
2．abandoned 考查非谓语动词。动词abandon和谓语动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语church building构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。
3．which/that 考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为a new Geo park Centre，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
4．financial 考查形容词。修饰名词sustainability应用形容词作定语。形容词financial意为“财政的，财务的”。故填financial。
5．a 考查冠词。style意为“风格”，为可数名词，此处第一次提及，表示泛指，应用不定冠词。fun的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
6．and 考查连词。universities和adult education centers构成并列关系，所以应用连词and。故填and。
7．to explain 考查非谓语动词。serve to do意为“起……作用”，为固定搭配，此处to do不定式作宾语。故填to explain。
8．is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“The geological garden serves”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语The geological garden为第三人称单数。故填is。
9．exciting 考查形容词。此处作learning的宾语补足语，修饰learning应用形容词exciting，表示“激动人心的”。故填exciting。
10．annually 考查副词。修饰动词provides应用副词作状语。故填annually。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Life can be tough sometimes because there is always something unexpected happened, which may tire or even stop us.However, we can't choose to escape.We are supposed take responsibility for ourselves and our families.Several year ago, my father lost my job and was unemployed for a long time. So he didn't take it seriously. Instead, he believed he had an enough time to rest and think about how to make a newly living. Now he had received a well-paid job offer. So, when you are faced with challenges, choosing to believe good things are in the way.
答案：第一句：happened→happening
第三句：supposed后加to
第四句：year→years; my→his
第五句：So→But
第六句：去掉enough前的an; newly→new
第七句：had→has
第八句：choosing→choose; in→on
基础语法课(3)——形容词、副词
[语境中体悟用法]
1．朗读下列句子，体会、领悟形容词充当的句子成分。
①Abraham Lincoln was a self-made man. 作_____
②He was so tired that he fell asleep sitting in his chair. 作_____
③Martin found the work slightly dull. 作_____
④I have something important to tell you. 作_________
定语
表语
宾补
后置定语
2．朗读下列句子，体会、领悟副词在句中的作用。
①He said quite positively that he would come. 修饰_____
②It's simply wonderful to see you！ 修饰_______
③I heard pretty clearly then. 修饰_________
④Your coat is just behind the door. 修饰_________
⑤Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work. 修饰_____
动词
形容词
其他副词
介词短语
句子
[系统中整合规则]
(一)用法
形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补足语，常用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态；副词主要修饰动词、形容词和其他副词，也可在句首表状态。
(二)形容词变副词的规则
一般情况加-ly common→commonly immediate→immediately
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-ly steady→steadily busy→busily
以-le结尾，去掉e加-y simple→simply gentle→gently
以-ic结尾，加-ally economic→economically scientific→scientifically
[名师指津] (1)注意形近词 hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。
(2)deep, high, slow等本身是副词，加上-ly后还是副词，与形容词同形的副词意义具体，带-ly的副词意义比较抽象。
(三)形容词与副词比较等级的构成
形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1．规则变化
词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall long taller longer tallest longest
以e结尾的，只加-r或-st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big hot fat bigger hotter fatter biggest hottest fattest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy easy happier easier happiest easiest
[名师指津] 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级
其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult beautiful more difficult more beautiful most difficult most beautiful
续表
2．不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad (badly)/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
(四)形容词与副词比较等级的用法
1．平级比较
(1)用as ...as ...或not ...as/so ...as
(2)as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词
2．表示比较的特殊结构
(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”，意为“越……，就越……”。
(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。
(3)表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。
4．最高级的常用句型
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的短语或从句
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
5．倍数表达法
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than
(3)倍数＋the＋名词＋of
(4)倍数＋what从句
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1 形容词与副词的句法功能
在句中作定语、表语和补足语一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词和其他副词或整个句子，要用副词。
1. (2021·全国乙卷)Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
解析：financial 分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词aid，故使用其形容词形式。
2. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.
解析：valuable 分析句子结构可知，空白处应填形容词valuable(宝贵的)作定语，修饰名词advice。
3. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
解析：undoubtedly 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰动词help，所以用副词形式。故填undoubtedly。
4. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)Don't go to a school (specific) for a high school relationship or to make someone else happy.
解析：specifically 此处修饰后面的介词短语for a high school relationship，所以用副词形式。
考点2 形容词、副词的比较级
(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级；
(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级；
(3)当空格前有表示程度的词或词组，如a bit, a little, much, far, a great/good deal, a lot等或有still, even等词时，需填比较级；
(4)表示“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构。
1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it
解析：hotter 句中含有“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构， the hotter 与前面的the colder 对应。
2. (2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than
to ride on a piece of history!
解析：better 根据语境和空后的than可知，这里用比较级形式。
3. (2021·浙江1月高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
解析：lower 空后的and连接三个并列结构，形式应保持一致；此空与下文的higher和fewer并列，故用比较级形式。
考点3 形容词、副词的最高级
(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等；
(2)当空格前有the second/third ..., one of ...等词时，需填最高级；
(3)有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite, wonderful, exhausted等。
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
解析：finest 根据空前的all great artists及后文的choose the best并结合语境可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
2. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the (loud) of all.
解析：loudest 根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知，此处应用副词最高级。
3. (2022·太原模拟)I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it to the (full)．
解析：fullest live life to the fullest“充实地生活”。
4. (2022·青岛模拟)Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth, is the fifth (large) continent in the world.
解析：largest 表示“第几个最……”，英语中也要用最高级。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing on the moon's far side is __________(extreme) challenging.
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo：Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.__________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ) The __________(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
4. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________(wealth) people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art.
extremely
Certainly
beautiful
wealthy
5. (2020·浙江1月高考)This is ___________(particular) true in the US.
6．Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can _______(easy) hit a person.
7．Now it has become one of the ________(big) international art festivals in Asia.
8. (2022·合肥模拟) “Before I came to Egypt, the tourism agency told me __________(repeat) to bring cooling balm as a gift to make the trip ______(easy)，” said Mr Ye, a 25-year-old whose family sells Chinese medicine online.
particularly
easily
biggest
repeatedly
easier
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．With these changes, people's pace of life has been quickened and people's work has been made more efficiently. ___________________
2．But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people. _____________
3．The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for both of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and later cooperation with Jerry Yang._________________
4．To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can to get into a good medical college, where I can make fully preparations for the job of a doctor.__________
efficiently→efficient
rich→richest
obvious→obviously
fully→full
5．But Katie thought owning their own bikes would make wonderfully memories for every child. ______________________
6．But when he had recovered three days later, he felt amazing at the effect of the Chinese medicine. ________________
7．Standing on the highest place, I felt so greatly. ______________
8．She works hardly and has been a model teacher for ages. ______________
wonderfully→wonderful
amazing→amazed
greatly→great
hardly→hard
1．attractions 考查名词复数。根据“ranging from mini farms to geological gardens”可知，此处是指很多景点，应用名词复数。故填attractions。
2．abandoned 考查非谓语动词。动词abandon和谓语动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语church building构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。
3．which/that 考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为a new Geo park Centre，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
4．financial 考查形容词。修饰名词sustainability应用形容词作定语。形容词financial意为“财政的，财务的”。故填financial。
5．a 考查冠词。style意为“风格”，为可数名词，此处第一次提及，表示泛指，应用不定冠词。fun的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
6．and 考查连词。universities和adult education centers构成并列关系，所以应用连词and。故填and。
7．to explain 考查非谓语动词。serve to do意为“起……作用”，为固定搭配，此处to do不定式作宾语。故填to explain。
8．is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“The geological garden serves”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语The geological garden为第三人称单数。故填is。
9．exciting 考查形容词。此处作learning的宾语补足语，修饰learning应用形容词exciting，表示“激动人心的”。故填exciting。
10．annually 考查副词。修饰动词provides应用副词作状语。故填annually。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Life can be tough sometimes because there is always something unexpected happened, which may tire or even stop us.However, we can't choose to escape.We are supposed take responsibility for ourselves and our families.Several year ago, my father lost my job and was unemployed for a long time. So he didn't take it seriously. Instead, he believed he had an enough time to rest and think about how to make a newly living. Now he had received a well-paid job offer. So, when you are faced with challenges, choosing to believe good things are in the way.
答案：第一句：happened→happening
第三句：supposed后加to
第四句：year→years; my→his
第五句：So→But
第六句：去掉enough前的an; newly→new
第七句：had→has
第八句：choosing→choose; in→on