高考专区 二轮专题 基础语法课（1）——名词、冠词 课件（62张）

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基础语法课(1)——名词、冠词
语法项目(一)　名　词
[语境中体悟用法]
朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加蓝名词的类别和用法。
Born on August 23, 1988 in America①， Jeremy_Shu-How_Lin② is a professional basketball③ player who was on the_Golden_State_Warriors④ of the National Basketball Association (NBA)⑤ in 2010. But, to some degree, many Chinese fans⑥ and coaches⑦ take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a Chinese⑧ just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become a success⑨ and attracted the world's⑩ attention, which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination and pride .As we know, in most people's eyes, Jeremy is a miracle.
In June, 2012, when Jeremy took his third trip to China, a large crowd came to meet him, among whom there were various fans including some families ， some children and even some women players . They brought cameras to take photos with their idol. Jeremy had fun with his supporters and expected to come back again.

[用法体悟]
(1)①②④⑤为专有名词，其中 是由普通名词构成的专有名词；
(2)③处为名词作 ，修饰中心名词player；
④⑤
定语
(3)⑤处of the National Basketball Association与⑩处的world's为 形式，无生命名词的所有格一般用“ ”表示，有生命的人或物的所有格则用“名词＋'s”表示；
(4)⑥⑦ 为可数名词的复数形式。名词变复数，一般情况下直接加-s，如⑥；以 结尾的名词加-es，如⑦；以辅音字母＋-y结尾的，改y为i再加-es，如 ；以f或者fe结尾的词，改f为v，再加-es；以o结尾的单词，一般加-s，如 ，少数加-es；另有一些单词或合成名词存在不规则变化，如 ；
(5)⑧处a Chinese在句中作宾语补足语，Chinese在此处为单数名词；另：Chinese单复数同形，类似的有 等；
名词所有格
of＋名词
s，x，sh，ch


deer, sheep, fish, means, Japanese
(6)⑨处a success为抽象名词具体化，表示“ ”；
(7) 在此表示“人”，为 名词，表示 意义，类似的有army(军队), police(警察)等；
(8) 处的imagination与pride为 名词，前面可以用little, a little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of, a large amount of等修饰；
(9) 为 名词，没有复数形式，前面不能加冠词a, an；
(10) 不可单独出现，要么用其复数形式，要么前加限定词，如文中的a miracle, his third trip, cameras等。
一个成功的人
集体
复数
不可数
抽象
可数名词
[系统中整合规则]
(一)规则名词的6种复数变化形式
变化规则 例词
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s month→months
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses
match→matches
以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries factory→factories
以元音字母＋-y 结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays monkey→monkeys
以-o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加-s photo→photos
有些在词尾加-es potato→potatoes hero→heroes
以-f，-fe结尾的名词 一般要变f或fe为v再加-es self→selves wolf→wolves
少数直接加-s belief→beliefs
(二)可数名词复数的3种不规则变化形式
类型 例词
单复数同形 deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft, species, fish (条数)
变内部元音 foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice, man→men, woman→women
外来名词 medium→media (媒体)
phenomenon→phenomena (现象)
analysis→analyses (分析)
(三)合成名词复数的2类变化形式
1．若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。
passer-by→passers-by, sister-in-law→sisters-in-law, grown-up→grown-ups
2．“man/woman＋n.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如：women engineers。
(四)抽象名词具体化
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词)
surprise惊奇 a surprise一件令人惊奇的事
success成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
honour荣誉 an honour受尊敬的人或一种荣誉
failure失败 a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)
beauty美；美丽 a beauty美丽的人或事物
pleasure乐趣 a pleasure一件乐事
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1
前有冠词、物主代词等限定词时，被修饰的中心词应为名词；在句中作主语、宾语、表语时应考虑名词
1. (2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (develop) of the local areas.
解析：development　根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应使用名词作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
2. (2021·浙江6月高考)In 1844 they bought it for D|S1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their (marry) ceremony in 1842.
解析：marriage　根据设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，此处要用名词marriage作ceremony的定语，表示“结婚仪式，结婚典礼”。故填marriage。
3. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
解析：accuracy　根据语境和空前的修饰词Historical可知，此处应用名词形式作主语，故填accuracy。
4. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
解析：celebration　空前有不定冠词a，故空处应为可数名词单数作表语，故填celebration。
5. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
解析：curiosity　空前为介词 with，故空处应用名词形式作介词的宾语，故填curiosity。
考点2
可数名词前如果没有冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词，应用其复数形式表示复数含义
1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
解析：humans　此处human是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式作主语we的同位语。
2. (2021·全国乙卷) (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
解析：Activities　此处缺少主语，activity为可数名词，其前无修饰语，且谓语动词range为复数形式，所以主语应用复数形式。activity的复数形式为activities。空处位于句首，单词的首字母要大写。故本空填Activities。
3. (2022·南昌模拟)We usually expect Hollywood (hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys.
解析：heroes　hero是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指好莱坞英雄。
考点3　固定用法中的复数名词和不可数名词
1. (2021·全国甲卷改编)The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see ____ (stream) of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
解析：streams　固定搭配a stream of 或 streams of，此处空前没有冠词，故用复数形式。
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
解析：interest　空处为固定结构“be＋of＋抽象名词”，be of particular interest＝be particularly interesting，故填名词interest。
3. (2022·开封模拟)Knowing that, my mum and I made careful (prepare) for the celebration.
解析：preparations　固定搭配make preparations for“为……做准备”中preparation要用复数形式。
4. (2022·太原模拟)He has made great (contribute) to the development of our company.
解析：contributions　“对……做贡献”的固定表达：make a contribution to或者make contributions to。
考点4　名词与其修饰语保持数的一致
(1)much, a little, a great deal of等接不可数名词；
(2)some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等接复数名词或不可数名词；
(3)their, these, those, several, many, all, both, various, a pair of, a variety of, different或数词等接复数名词；
(4)many a接单数名词。
1. (2021·全国甲卷改编)Many students say they will talk to their (friend) or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.
解析：friends　设空前有their修饰，且与空后的classmates并列，需用复数形式。故填friends。
2. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)You can't help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those (rock) into place.
解析：rocks　rock为可数名词，其前有all those修饰，应用复数形式。
3. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Also, technological know-how has become a requirement for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most (profession)．
解析：professions　此空前面有most，profession为可数名词，故填复数形式。
4. (2020·北京高考)Now, lots of (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
解析：countries　此空前面有lots of，country为可数名词，故填复数形式。
5. (2020·浙江1月高考)For Japan, the (number) are more striking — 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
解析：numbers　根据谓语动词are可知，此空填名词复数形式。
考点5　作主语的名词与谓语动词保持数的一致　
1. (2021·全国乙卷改编)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various (type) of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
解析：types　根据下文的are可知这里应用type的复数形式，故填types。
2. (2021·浙江6月高考改编) (summer) in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.
解析：Summers　根据谓语动词were可知这里应用summer的复数形式，设空处在句首，故填Summers。
3. (2021·浙江1月高考改编)Grocery (store) try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.
解析：stores　根据空后的try可知这里应用store的复数形式，故填stores。
考点6　名词的数与上下文语境保持一致
1. (2021·全国乙卷改编)I always assist my parents in doing the (dish) after meals.
解析：dishes　句意：我总是饭后帮父母洗餐具。do the dishes意为“洗餐具”，设空处需用复数形式。故填dishes。
2. (2021·全国乙卷改编)Make sure that the tourism provides positive________(experience) for both the visitors and the hosts.
解析：experiences　结合语境可知此处表示“提供各种积极的体验”，experience为可数名词，需用复数形式。故填experiences。
3. (2020·浙江7月高考)Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
解析：seasons　season在此处意为“季节”，为可数名词。结合语境“他们学会随着季节的变化而劳作”可知，此处表示不止一个季节，需用复数形式。故填seasons。
考点7　以-'s结尾的名词的所有格
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词一般在词尾加-'s，如：the girl's book, Women's Day。以-s结尾的复数名词在后面加-'，如：Teachers' Day。
(2)用于表示店铺、医院、学校及公共建筑等的名词时，所有格所修饰的shop, house, home等常省略。如：at the barber's (shop)。
1. (2021·浙江1月高考) It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
解析：person's　此空后接名词，表示“一个人的体重”，故此处填person的所有格形式。
2. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)A (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
解析：student's　此处student与college experience之间是所属关系。根据空格前的不定冠词A可知，此处应填单数名词student的所有格student's。
3. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for (mother) Day.
解析：Mother's　此处Mother's Day 为“母亲节”，故此空填所有格，并注意大写首字母。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ______(believe) that populations are increasing.
2. (2019·浙江6月高考)Other American studies showed no _____________________
(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
3. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate)．
4. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __________(attract)．
belief
connection/connections
education
attraction
5．Many of these had benefited from the government's special new policies encouraging people to start their own __________(business)．
6. (2022·郑州模拟)Recent _______(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
7．Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique plants，animals and cultural heritage are the primary __________(attraction)．
8. (2022·临沂模拟)There are various types of tea that offer different health ________(benefit) and flavours.
businesses
studies
attractions
benefits
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.
_______________________
2．Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude.
______________________
3．I restarted to pick up my confident again. ____________________
4．It is necessary that one should eat various kind of healthy food, such as fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits. ___________
convenient→convenience
important→importance
confident→confidence
kind→kinds
5．By the way, after the contest, I am to drop in at your universities to visit you.
_____________________
6．Some sellers were shouting at the top of their voice to attract people's attentions. ___________________
7．To my great joys, Mary took good care of me. _________
8．Why not come and join us if you want to know more informations about our future space school ________________________
universities→university
attentions→attention
joys→joy
informations→information
1．surrounded　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的谓语，故设空处应填非谓语动词形式，又因为Dali和surround之间是动宾关系，故填surrounded。
2．before　考查状语从句。结合下文可知，这些学生是“我”在去大理之前就认识了，故填before。
3．to cycle　考查非谓语动词。结合语境可知，agree to do sth.表示“同意做某事”，故填to cycle。
4．itself　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作The lake的同位语，故填itself。
5．With　考查with复合结构。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构作状语，故填With。
6．an　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再结合句意可知，adventure在此处表示泛指，且其读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
7．excitement　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，介词in后要用名词形式，故填excitement。
8．were given　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，又因为the birds是give的受动者，故填were given。
9．previously　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰read，作状语，故填副词previously。
10．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，a brilliant sunset是先行词，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。
Ⅳ.短文改错
To support the activity name “Green Travel, Start with Me”， I talk to my parents about my ideas. They were very supportive, say they would not drive work from then on. In the following weeks，as they promised, I went to school by bike every day, while my parents went to work by bus. Though we were tired, but we all felt happily. Last Friday, the class meeting was held. Some parents were invited, including my father and mother. We shared our thought during the meeting. All of us held the same view which environmental protection is so important for our life.
答案：第一句：name→named; talk→talked
第二句：say→saying; drive后加to
第三句：they→we
第四句：去掉but; happily→happy
第五句：the→a
第七句：thought→thoughts
第八句：which→that
[用法体悟]
1．使用不定冠词的情况：
(1)泛指“一个”，如 ；
(2)用于专有各名词前，表示“具有某种特性的人或物”，如 ；
(3)用于表示身份、职业的名词前，表示类别，如 ；
(4)表示数量“一”，如 ，“每一”，如 ，“某一” 如 ；
(5)用于固定搭配中，如 。
①
②
③



⑩
2．使用定冠词的情况：
(1)用于形容词最高级前，如 ；
(2)用于序数词或表示序列的next, last前，如 ；
(3)用于固定句式中：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...，如 ；
(4)用于固定搭配中，如 ；
(5)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词中，如 ；
(6)用于表示世纪或逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”，如 ；
(7)用于西洋乐器名词前，表示演奏某乐器，如 ；
(8)用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人，如 ；
(9)用于姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇俩或全家人，如 ；
(10)用于世界上独一无二的事物前，如 。
④
⑤⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨





[系统中整合规则]
(一)不定冠词
1．表示类指或某类中的“任何一个”。
2．表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。
3．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数量概念没有one强烈。
4．表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度或比率等的短语中。
5．用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。表示“一个……的人或事”。
6．不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。
(二)定冠词
1．用在表示特定的人或事物，或者双方都知道的人或事物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物之前。
2．用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
3．用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。
4．用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示全家人或夫妇俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示“某一类人或事物”。
5．用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
(三)零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
1．专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。
2．季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。
3．语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。
4．表示独一无二的头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语、补足语或与姓氏连用时，其前通常不用冠词。
5．系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。
6．as/though引导让步状语从句，单数可数名词提到句首构成倒装时，其前不用冠词。
(四)冠词用于固定搭配中
不定冠词 an average of 平均　　 for a while 一会儿
as a rule 通常 all of a sudden 突然
on a diet 在节食 as a matter of fact 事实上
at a loss 不知所措 make an effort 努力
in a word 总之 as a result 因此
定冠词 all the time 一直　　 out of the question 不可能　
by the day 按日计算 in the distance 在远处
in the way 挡道 on the whole 总的来说
at the same time 同时　 on the other hand 另一方面
to tell the truth 说实话　 all the best 一切顺利
零冠词 at present　　 目前　 　 take part in　 参加
on purpose 故意 on business 因公出差
ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前
out of question 毫无疑问 by mistake 错误地
续表
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1
泛指一类人或事物中的一个用不定冠词a/an; a/an的选择要看后面单词读音的第一个音素

1. (2021·全国乙卷改编)If you're faced with awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬)．
解析：an　silence属于抽象名词具体化，意为“一场尴尬的沉默”，awkward 的读音以元音音素开头，故其前用an。
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was joke.
解析：a　此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”，设空后的joke为可数名词，此处泛指“一个玩笑”，应用不定冠词，且joke的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ改编)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and________ unique style.
解析：a　style为可数名词，此处泛指一种独特的风格，且unique的读音以辅音音素开头，其前应用不定冠词a。
考点2
特指前面提到过的或谈话双方都知道的人或事物用定冠词the
1. (2021·全国乙卷)Due to growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
解析：the　根据语境可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎。故填定冠词the。
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
解析：the　此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填定冠词the。
3. (2022·哈尔滨模拟)The Chinese people are more confident about and more capable of reaching goal of national renewal than ever before.
解析：the　此处特指“实现民族复兴”这一目标，应用定冠词the。
4. (2022·宝鸡模拟)After taking a boat I arrived at island province of Hainan.
解析：the　名词island province有后置定语修饰，故该名词是特指，应用定冠词the。
考点3　定冠词the的一些固定用法
(1)最高级前用the；
(2)序数词前用the；
(3)在世界上独一无二的事物名称前用the；
(4)在表示演奏某种乐器时，西洋乐器前要加the，如play the piano弹钢琴；
(5)形容词前加the表示一类人；
(6)世纪或逢十的年代前用the；
(7)固定句式“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”中用the。
1. (2021·浙江6月高考) Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
解析：The　根据后面的Lincolns可知，此处表示“林肯一家人”。故填The。
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化)．
解析：the　根据设空后的序数词first可知此处应填定冠词the。
3. (2022·抚州模拟) more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.
解析：The　句意：一个人越博学，通常就变得越谦逊。根据句子结构可判断，此句使用了“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。
考点4　固定搭配中的冠词
1. (2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xi'an City Wall.
解析：the　all the way为固定短语，意为“一直，一路上”。
2. (2021·浙江6月高考改编)In past few years, an increasing number of people and organizations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.
解析：the　固定搭配in the past few years意为“在过去几年里”，故用定冠词the。
3. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)Do keep open mind.Students can change majors, but remember that there's no re-living a certain semester (学期), and there's no making up for lost time.
解析：an　 keep an open mind 为固定短语，意为“愿意听取(接受、考虑)别人的意见(想法)”。
4. (2020·浙江1月高考)A child born in the US today has very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
解析：a　have a chance of 为固定搭配，意为“有……的可能性”。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2020·浙江7月高考)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then, with ___rise of science, changes began.
2. (2019·浙江6月高考)Everybody wears ____same style of clothes.
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
4．My English teacher is satisfied with ___progress I have made in handwriting.
the
the
the
the
5．Going to __university has always been a dream for Mary.
6．He's ___honest man, and can be trusted to keep his word.
7．You can hire a bicycle by ___hour to go around the city.
8．They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make __difference in the lives of others.
a
an
the
a
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Some mentioned the inspiring Chinese Dream put forward.And the others talked enthusiastically about their understanding of the Chinese Dream.
__________________
2．Step by step I followed him and finally climbed to a top of the mountain.______
3．What a bad weather! I hate it because I can't go out to play. _______
4．In word, people have an easier life nowadays. ___________
去掉others前的the
a→the
去掉a
word前加a
5．What silly boy! I felt badly hurt. __________
6．61% of the students surveyed turn to their friends or schoolmates for help when they are in the trouble. ___________________
7．But I will have some duties too, because my grandparents often need the hand with housework and gardening. ________
8．Tomorrow she is going to attend a important meeting, at which she will be given a medal for her advanced deeds. ______________
silly前加a
去掉trouble前的the
the→a
第一个a→an
1．sweating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处与smiling为同时发生的动作，表示出着汗微笑着，故填sweating。
2．was 　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，其主语为“what he had hoped”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；且根据该句中的“said”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was。
3．have examined　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语In recent years可知，应该用现在完成时，且主语“several studies”为复数，故填have examined。
4．But　考查连词。根据空后的“few”可知，此处表转折，故填But。
5．on　考查介词。此处考查固定搭配effect on sth.“对……的影响”。
6．to gather　考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定用法decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，所以用to gather。
7．increasingly　考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故用副词increasingly修饰其后的“fixed and unnatural”。
8．fewer　考查比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，此处表示比较的含义，故用比较级fewer。
9．relaxation　考查名词。由该空后的“and”可知，空处与名词词组performance improvement并列，故填名词relaxation。
10．a　考查冠词。此处表示使你成为一个更好的赛跑运动员，且better的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
Ⅳ.短文改错
With our activity approach, I'm now writing to invite you to join us.Here are some detail about it.
The activity will be organized to a farm from 9：00 am to 2：00 pm the next Sunday.What we had to do is gather together at the school gate at 8：30 am.We are expected to pay a visit to the farm first.After that we will enjoy picking vegetables by ourself.We also have the opportunity to look after animals for a while, without that I will be disappointing because of my passion for animals.Knowing that you're really into nature, I believe you will definite have an good time.
答案：第一句：approach→approaching
第二句：detail→details
第三句：第二个to→on; 去掉next前的the
第四句：had→have
第六句：ourself→ourselves
第七句：that→which; disappointing→disappointed
第八句：definite→definitely; an→a