高考专区 二轮专题 重难语法课（8）——名词性从句课件（22张）
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| 名称 | 高考专区 二轮专题 重难语法课（8）——名词性从句课件（22张） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 333.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-31 12:00:52 | ||
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(共35张PPT)
[用法体悟]
①为 从句。What(＝The thing that)在从句中作主语。
②为 从句。从句本身意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。
③为 从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容，因doubt (疑惑)的意思本身是不确定的，故由whether引导。
④为 从句。说明the cause的具体内容。
主语
表语
同位语
同位语
⑤为 从句。表示“如何”变得更苗条和更健康，故用how引导，how在从句中作方式状语。
⑥为 从句。表示去“哪里”咨询、向“谁”咨询，故分别用where, who引导。
⑦为 从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从句内容完整，不缺任何句子成分。
⑧为 从句。从句内容完整，不缺句子成分。
⑨为 从句。when在从句中作时间状语。
主语
主语
同位语
宾语
宾语
[系统中整合规则]
(一)主语从句
1．that引导的主语从句
that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
2．whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府对水污染将采取什么样的有效措施。
3．wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等)。
What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
4．it作形式主语的主语从句
有时为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
(二)宾语从句
1．that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。
(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
2．whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
(1)宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在关系词后时，只能用whether。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don't know whether/if the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether，whether可与不定式连用。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
They don't know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。
4．it作形式宾语的宾语从句
(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(2)hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
(三)表语从句
1．that/whether/as if (though)/because/why引导的表语从句
(1)that, whether引导的表语从句。
在表语从句中，that无词义，一般不能省略；whether意为“是否”。
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
(2)as if/though引导的表语从句，有时可用虚拟语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if/though a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个巨大的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。
2．连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句
(1)连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。
I'd like to start my own business — that's what I'd do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
That was where we camped last time.
那就是我们上次野营的地方。
(四)同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news, fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promise, information等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
The report that he was going to resign was false.
他将辞职的报道是假的。
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1 连接词that与whether/if
(1)that只起连接的作用，无词义，不充当句子成分；在宾语从句中可以省略，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中不能省略；
(2)连接词whether表示“是否”，只起连接的作用，不充当句子成分，在部分宾语从句及it作形式主语的主语从句中可以替换成if。
1. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷改编)The magician's success depends on the fact many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
解析：that 句意：魔术师的成功取决于这样一个事实：眼睛看到的很多东西都不是重要的东西。分析句子成分可知，the fact后为同位语从句，从句不缺成分，句意完整，故填that。
2. (2020·北京高考)Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when it's possible.
解析：if/whether 分析句子结构可知，“ you can join in when it's possible”为宾语从句，且从句成分完整，表示“问他们是否你可以加入”，所以填if/whether。
3. (2018·浙江11月高考)It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是设空处引导的从句，且空处在从句中不作任何成分，故填that。
考点2 连接代词
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如果缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。
1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”． is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
解析：What 分析句子成分可知，“ is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，空处在从句中作主语，表达“……的事物”的意思，且位于句首。故填What。
2. (2020·浙江7月高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
解析：what 句意：经过了几千年，他们开始较少地依靠野外猎取或采集的东西，而更多地依靠他们饲养的动物和播种的农作物。分析句子结构可知， could be hunted or gathered from the wild作depend on的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。表示“……的东西”，因此填连接代词what。
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
解析：who 句意：我不确定谁更害怕，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。
4. (2022·开封模拟)In her panic she couldn't remember was Mr Grainger's cabin.
解析：which 空处引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，表示“哪一个”，应填which。
考点3 连接副词
连接副词how, when, where, why不但起连接作用，且在从句中作状语，表示方式、时间、地点和原因等。
1. (2021·全国乙卷改编)That's I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.
解析：why 分析句式结构可知，该空应填引导表语从句的连接词，该连接词在从句中作状语，根据语境可知填why。
2. (2021·浙江6月高考改编)At this point，it is not clear dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans.
解析：why 分析句式结构可知，该空应填引导主语从句的连接词，该连接词在从句中作状语，根据语境可知填why。
3. (2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.
解析：where 此处表示“学生们在大学里做什么似乎要比去哪里上大学更重要”，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4. (2018·江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
解析：how 句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，这就是我们如何到达的。how 引导表语从句，并在从句中作方式状语。
考点4 “疑问词＋-ever”类连接词
此类连接词有whatever，whoever, whichever，whenever，wherever，however等，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
1. (2020·江苏高考改编)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing，and then goes for .
解析：whatever 句意：这个演员时常在表演前就计划好前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。此处作介词for的宾语，表示无范围的选择，故用whatever。此处可视为名词性从句的省略，即. ..goes for whatever he wants。
2. (2020·天津5月高考改编)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I put my mind to.
解析：whatever 句意：我的祖母帮助我相信我能完成我下定决心要做的任何事情。这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，且引导词在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“无论什么，任何事情”，故用whatever。
3. (2018·天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
解析：whoever 句意：这块金牌将被授予在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2021·浙江1月高考改编)We had to carry everything we needed and walk three miles to we worked.
2. (2020·江苏高考改编)It is not a problem we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
3. (2018·北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldn't be we are now.
4. (2018·北京高考改编)This is my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
where
whether/if
where
what
5. (2022·德州模拟) Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.
1．We must find out where K6．He called attention to the fact many files were missing.
7．I will send the entertaining and informative books to needs them.
8．I was late this morning.That was I was held up in a traffic jam.
Whether
that
whoever
because
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.We must find out where Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
_____________
2．The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police. _______
3．To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know，despite the fact I had paid for a single room. ___________
where→when
去掉it
fact后加that
4．As the College Entrance Examination will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have learned. __________
5．It's good for us to eat which are rich in vitamins and minerals every day, that is, some fresh vegetables and fruit. _____________
6．Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me. ____________
去掉that
which→what
that→what
1．successfully 考查副词。修饰动词climbed应用副词，故填successfully。
2．waiting 考查非谓语动词。此处位于介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。
3．crowds 考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd “人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren't为复数形式，所以应用复数形式crowds。
4．to bring 考查非谓语动词。此处表示所有那些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth.“需要做某事”。
5．tallest 考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world's“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级tallest。
6．that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故用that引导该从句。
7．have collected 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。
8．a 考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。
9．in 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in。
10．is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，此处表示单数概念，应填is。
Ⅳ.短文改错
My grandpa worked as a carpenter, who has devoted all his energy for carpentry for almost sixty years. Several years before, he began to make wooden models of farm tools. On National Day when I returned back and visited him with my parents, he showed me that he had created. He hopes he could expose people to the traditionally way of farming. Now every day, he prepares raw material in the yard, measures them, and polishes them. I've also picked up carpentry as hobby of mine. Now I am able to make a model by me. And I am determined to make it know to more.
答案：第一句：worked→works; 第一个for→to
第二句：before→ago
第三句：去掉returned后的back; that→what
第四句：traditionally→traditional
第五句：material→materials
第六句：hobby前加a
第七句：me→myself
第八句：know→known
[用法体悟]
①为 从句。What(＝The thing that)在从句中作主语。
②为 从句。从句本身意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。
③为 从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容，因doubt (疑惑)的意思本身是不确定的，故由whether引导。
④为 从句。说明the cause的具体内容。
主语
表语
同位语
同位语
⑤为 从句。表示“如何”变得更苗条和更健康，故用how引导，how在从句中作方式状语。
⑥为 从句。表示去“哪里”咨询、向“谁”咨询，故分别用where, who引导。
⑦为 从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从句内容完整，不缺任何句子成分。
⑧为 从句。从句内容完整，不缺句子成分。
⑨为 从句。when在从句中作时间状语。
主语
主语
同位语
宾语
宾语
[系统中整合规则]
(一)主语从句
1．that引导的主语从句
that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
2．whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府对水污染将采取什么样的有效措施。
3．wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等)。
What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
4．it作形式主语的主语从句
有时为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
(二)宾语从句
1．that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。
(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
2．whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
(1)宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在关系词后时，只能用whether。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don't know whether/if the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether，whether可与不定式连用。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
They don't know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。
4．it作形式宾语的宾语从句
(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(2)hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
(三)表语从句
1．that/whether/as if (though)/because/why引导的表语从句
(1)that, whether引导的表语从句。
在表语从句中，that无词义，一般不能省略；whether意为“是否”。
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
(2)as if/though引导的表语从句，有时可用虚拟语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if/though a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个巨大的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。
2．连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句
(1)连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。
I'd like to start my own business — that's what I'd do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
That was where we camped last time.
那就是我们上次野营的地方。
(四)同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news, fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promise, information等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
The report that he was going to resign was false.
他将辞职的报道是假的。
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1 连接词that与whether/if
(1)that只起连接的作用，无词义，不充当句子成分；在宾语从句中可以省略，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中不能省略；
(2)连接词whether表示“是否”，只起连接的作用，不充当句子成分，在部分宾语从句及it作形式主语的主语从句中可以替换成if。
1. (2021年1月新高考8省联考卷改编)The magician's success depends on the fact many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
解析：that 句意：魔术师的成功取决于这样一个事实：眼睛看到的很多东西都不是重要的东西。分析句子成分可知，the fact后为同位语从句，从句不缺成分，句意完整，故填that。
2. (2020·北京高考)Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when it's possible.
解析：if/whether 分析句子结构可知，“ you can join in when it's possible”为宾语从句，且从句成分完整，表示“问他们是否你可以加入”，所以填if/whether。
3. (2018·浙江11月高考)It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是设空处引导的从句，且空处在从句中不作任何成分，故填that。
考点2 连接代词
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如果缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。
1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”． is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
解析：What 分析句子成分可知，“ is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，空处在从句中作主语，表达“……的事物”的意思，且位于句首。故填What。
2. (2020·浙江7月高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
解析：what 句意：经过了几千年，他们开始较少地依靠野外猎取或采集的东西，而更多地依靠他们饲养的动物和播种的农作物。分析句子结构可知， could be hunted or gathered from the wild作depend on的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。表示“……的东西”，因此填连接代词what。
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
解析：who 句意：我不确定谁更害怕，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。
4. (2022·开封模拟)In her panic she couldn't remember was Mr Grainger's cabin.
解析：which 空处引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，表示“哪一个”，应填which。
考点3 连接副词
连接副词how, when, where, why不但起连接作用，且在从句中作状语，表示方式、时间、地点和原因等。
1. (2021·全国乙卷改编)That's I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.
解析：why 分析句式结构可知，该空应填引导表语从句的连接词，该连接词在从句中作状语，根据语境可知填why。
2. (2021·浙江6月高考改编)At this point，it is not clear dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans.
解析：why 分析句式结构可知，该空应填引导主语从句的连接词，该连接词在从句中作状语，根据语境可知填why。
3. (2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.
解析：where 此处表示“学生们在大学里做什么似乎要比去哪里上大学更重要”，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4. (2018·江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
解析：how 句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，这就是我们如何到达的。how 引导表语从句，并在从句中作方式状语。
考点4 “疑问词＋-ever”类连接词
此类连接词有whatever，whoever, whichever，whenever，wherever，however等，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
1. (2020·江苏高考改编)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing，and then goes for .
解析：whatever 句意：这个演员时常在表演前就计划好前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。此处作介词for的宾语，表示无范围的选择，故用whatever。此处可视为名词性从句的省略，即. ..goes for whatever he wants。
2. (2020·天津5月高考改编)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I put my mind to.
解析：whatever 句意：我的祖母帮助我相信我能完成我下定决心要做的任何事情。这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，且引导词在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“无论什么，任何事情”，故用whatever。
3. (2018·天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
解析：whoever 句意：这块金牌将被授予在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2021·浙江1月高考改编)We had to carry everything we needed and walk three miles to we worked.
2. (2020·江苏高考改编)It is not a problem we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
3. (2018·北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldn't be we are now.
4. (2018·北京高考改编)This is my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
where
whether/if
where
what
5. (2022·德州模拟) Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.
1．We must find out where K6．He called attention to the fact many files were missing.
7．I will send the entertaining and informative books to needs them.
8．I was late this morning.That was I was held up in a traffic jam.
Whether
that
whoever
because
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.We must find out where Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
_____________
2．The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police. _______
3．To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know，despite the fact I had paid for a single room. ___________
where→when
去掉it
fact后加that
4．As the College Entrance Examination will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have learned. __________
5．It's good for us to eat which are rich in vitamins and minerals every day, that is, some fresh vegetables and fruit. _____________
6．Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me. ____________
去掉that
which→what
that→what
1．successfully 考查副词。修饰动词climbed应用副词，故填successfully。
2．waiting 考查非谓语动词。此处位于介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。
3．crowds 考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd “人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren't为复数形式，所以应用复数形式crowds。
4．to bring 考查非谓语动词。此处表示所有那些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth.“需要做某事”。
5．tallest 考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world's“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级tallest。
6．that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故用that引导该从句。
7．have collected 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。
8．a 考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。
9．in 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in。
10．is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，此处表示单数概念，应填is。
Ⅳ.短文改错
My grandpa worked as a carpenter, who has devoted all his energy for carpentry for almost sixty years. Several years before, he began to make wooden models of farm tools. On National Day when I returned back and visited him with my parents, he showed me that he had created. He hopes he could expose people to the traditionally way of farming. Now every day, he prepares raw material in the yard, measures them, and polishes them. I've also picked up carpentry as hobby of mine. Now I am able to make a model by me. And I am determined to make it know to more.
答案：第一句：worked→works; 第一个for→to
第二句：before→ago
第三句：去掉returned后的back; that→what
第四句：traditionally→traditional
第五句：material→materials
第六句：hobby前加a
第七句：me→myself
第八句：know→known